北师大版高中英语必修第二册unit5 humans and nature sectionⅱ突破语法大冲关学案

UNIT 5 Humans and nature

构词法——派生

[观察例句]

1．He encouraged me to be a writer in the future.

2．In the past few years，Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in case of a power failure.

3．It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents.

4．Today's experience taught me some valuable lessons in my life.

5．I love children very much because I always feel that they bring great happiness and excitement to my life.

[归纳用法]

(一)前缀

1．表示否定意义的前缀

(1)un­

unfortunate　 不幸的

unable   不能够的

uncomfortable   不舒服的

(2)in­

inconvenient   不方便的

incorrect   不正确的

informal   不正式的

(3)im­

impolite   不礼貌的

imperfect   不完美的

impossible   不可能的

(4)il­

illegal   违法的

illogical   不合逻辑的

(5)ir­

irregular   不规则的

irrelevant   不相关的

(6)non­

non­violent   非暴力的

non­profit   非盈利的

(7)dis­

dislike   不喜欢

disapprove   不赞成

dishonest   不诚实的

disadvantage   弊端，不利条件

2．表示其他意义的常见前缀

(1)en­   使……

enable   使能够

enrich   使丰富

enlarge   扩大，使变大

endanger   危及

(2)re­   再，又

retell   复述

review   复习

reunite   团聚

(3)mis­   错误

misunderstand   误解

mislead   误导

misread   误读

(4)pre­   在……之前

preview   预习

pre­reading   读前

prehistoric   史前的

(5)fore­   在……前面

forehead   前额

foretell   预言

forecast   预测，预报

(6)inter­   在……之间，互相

international   国际的

interact   互动

interpersonal   人际的

(7)trans­   转变，变换

translate   翻译

transport   运输

transform   转变，改造

(二)后缀

1．形容词后缀

(1)­y

windy   有风的

lucky   幸运的

healthy   健康的

(2)­ly

friendly   友好的

deadly   致命的

lively   活泼的

(3)­al

natural   自然的

national   国家的

personal   个人的

(4)­ive

attractive   吸引人的

effective   有效的

impressive   印象深刻的

(5)­ic/­ical

historic   有历史意义的

energetic   精力充沛的

historical   历史的

(6)­ous

famous   著名的

dangerous   危险的

mysterious   神秘的

(7)­ful

wonderful   精彩的

beautiful   美丽的

hopeful   有希望的

(8)­less

careless   粗心的

homeless   无家可归的

helpless   无助的

(9)­able

comfortable   舒适的

acceptable   可接受的

reasonable   合乎情理的

adaptable   可适应的

2．名词后缀

(1)表示“人”的名词后缀

①­er

cleaner   清洁工

reporter   记者

employer   雇主，老板

②­or

inventor   发明家

actor   演员

visitor   游客

③­ist

artist   艺术家

scientist   科学家

pianist   钢琴家

dentist   牙科医生

④­ess

hostess   女主人

waitress   女服务员

actress   女演员

⑤­ian

musician   音乐家

politician   政治家

historian   历史学家

(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀

①­th

truth   真相

strength   力量，强项

width   宽度

depth   深(度)

warmth   温暖

②­dom

freedom   自由

boredom   无聊，厌烦

wisdom   智慧

③­ment

development   发展

achievement   成就

amazement   惊讶

excitement   兴奋

④­ness

happiness   幸福

weakness   弱点

kindness   善良

seriousness   严重性，严肃性

⑤­tion/­sion

competition   竞争

construction   建设

discussion   讨论

conclusion   结论

admission   接纳，准许入学

⑥­ance/­ence

importance   重要性

appearance   出现，相貌

existence   存在

patience   耐心

confidence   信心

⑦­(t)y

difficulty   困难

loyalty   忠诚

cruelty   残忍

safety   安全

responsibility    职责，责任

⑧­al

arrival   到达

approval   赞成，批准

survival   幸存

3．动词、副词后缀

(1)­en

widen   加宽

deepen   加深

weaken   削弱

(2)­ize

apologize   道歉

emphasize   强调

memorize   记住

(3)­ly

slowly  慢慢地

happily   高兴地

extremely   极其地

surprisingly   令人惊讶地

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Thankfully (thank)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

2．The sightseeing options are endless (end)，but most travelers begin on the harbor at the Sydney Opera House.

3．Ron had a successful (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.

4．Only in this way can they grow up to be independent (depend) and become truly successful (success)．

5．My first impression (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful (thought) young man.

6．A group of robbers entered the building using equipment (equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Sunday night.

7．Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the disadvantages (advantage) in finding jobs.

8．News of the robberies frightened (fright) many people into fitting new locks to their doors.

9．The high school boys love playing basketball，and it is a useful (use) way to release their study pressure (press)．

10．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver (drive)，should be equally (equal) respected.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

Professor Smith，one of the famous 1.educators(educate)，comes from a 2.European(Europe) country.We all respect him for his 3.devotion(devote) to teaching.He 4.frequently(frequent) goes to gym to play basketball with us.After 5.graduation(graduate)，he 6.has been teaching(teach) in our school for 20 years.He tells us that we students should know our own strengths and 7.weaknesses(weak)．He always 8.encourages(courage) us to speak English everywhere.With his 9.assistance(assist)，we made rapid progress in our English.He leaves us a deep 10.impression(impress)．