北师大版高中英语必修第二册unit5 humans and nature sectionⅱ预习新知早知道学案

UNIT 5 Humans and nature

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

(　　)1.rescue　　 A．n.洲，大洲；大陆

(　　)2.trap B．n.队长；组长

(　　)3.interrupt   C．n.& vt.营救；救援

(　　)4.damage D．vt.估量，衡量；测量

(　　)5.measure   E．adv.附近

(　　)6.captain   F．n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图

(　　)7.prove   G．n.伤害，损伤，损害

(　　)8.continent   H．vt.打断讲话

(　　)9.attempt   I．vt.困住；使陷入危险中

(　　)10.nearby   J．vt.证明；证实

[答案]　1—5　FDIGJ　6—10　ACHBE

B．短语匹配

(　　)1.on one's way to　 A．吸气

(　　)2.make progress B．用完；耗尽

(　　)3.carry on   C．为……做准备

(　　)4.all the way D．取得进步

(　　)5.get into   E．停止运转；出故障

(　　)6.breathe in   F．在某人去某地的路上

(　　)7.in preparation for G．一路上；一直

(　　)8.at one time   H．曾经；一度

(　　)9.run out   I．继续

(　　)10.break down   J．陷入；染上

[答案]　1—5　FDIGJ　6—10　ACHBE

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．vehicle n． 交通工具，车辆

2．death n.   死亡，死

3．operation n.   行动，活动；手术；操作

4．process n.   过程，进程

5．battle n.   较量；竞争；斗争；战斗

6．protection n.   保护；防护

7．polar adj.   极地的，地极的

8．exploration n.   探险；探索

9．base n.   基地，大本营；基础

vt.   以……为基地

10．dust n.   灰尘；尘埃

Ⅰ.语境填词

loss；suffering；prove；vehicle；continent；breathe；site；duty；dust；ambition

1．Asia is the largest of the continents of the world.

2．They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.

3．She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.

4．A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.

5．He breathed deeply before speaking again.

6．Death finally brought an end to her suffering．

7．It is my duty to report it to the police.

8．A site has been chosen for the new school.

9．The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses．

10．This vehicle was parked on private property.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．The birth of her son was a minor interruption(interrupt) to her career.

2．We took a wrong turn and got lost(loss) in the mountains.

3．He underwent a three­hour heart operation(operate)．

4．This war has caused widespread human suffering(suffer)．

5．He asked to be put under police protection(protect)．

6．We had to stop for breath(breathe) before we got to the top.

7．The team has been training hard in preparation(prepare) for the big game.

8．The pilot studied his instruments anxiously(anxious)．

9．We are looking for an ambitious(ambition) young assistant.

10．Our parents live some distance(distant) away.

1．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.

在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。

2．First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.

先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。

3．Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.

早上穿上鞋子的速度也越来越慢了。

4．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.

接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。

5．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.

斯科特没能赢得去极地的比赛，但他和他的手下表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。

词语助读

①Robert Falcon Scott罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(1868—1912)，出生于英国德文郡普利茅斯，英国海军军官、极地探险家，人们称他为“斯科特船长”(Captain Scott)。

②Roald Amundsen罗尔德·阿蒙森(1872—1928)，挪威极地探险家。他在探险史上获得了两个“第一”：第一个航行于西北航道；第一个到达南极点。

③base n．基地

④in preparation for为……做准备

⑤anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地

⑥pull v．拉；拖；拽

⑦sledge n．雪橇

⑧skis n．滑雪板

⑨make progress取得进步；取得进展

⑩break down 抛锚；(机器等)坏了

⑪after a while过了一会；过了不久

⑫shocked adj.震惊的

shock v．使震惊

shocking adj.令人震惊的

⑬ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿

ambitious adj.有抱负的；有雄心壮志的

⑭exploration n．探险；探索

explore v．探险；探索

explorer n．探险者；勘察者

⑮run out of 用完；用光(人作主语)

run out用完；耗尽(物作主语)

⑯realise v．意识到

⑰hopeless 无助的；绝望的

⑱cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的

⑲on one's way在某人去……的路上

⑳all the way一路上；一直

at one time以前；曾经

distant adj.遥远的；疏远的

continent n．洲；大洲

have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难

carry on继续

carry out执行；实施

courage n．勇敢；勇气

courageous adj.勇敢的；有勇气的

原文呈现

RACE TO THE POLE

On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott① left London to begin his journey to Antarctica.While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen② which said he was going south，too.[1] Then the race to the South Pole began!

[1]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词message。

During the polar summer of 1910—1911，both teams organised food bases③ in preparation for④ their journeys the next year.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.[2] Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑤ for spring.

[2]本句是一个完全倒装句，then置于句首，谓语came提前。

Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911.[3] He had teams of dogs pulling⑥ the sledges⑦ and all his men were on skis⑧.Because of this，he made rapid progress⑨.Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First，his two sledges broke down⑩ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.After a while⑪，Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.

[3]不定式to leave作定语修饰the first。

Amudsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey.

Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule.

Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912.They were shocked⑫ when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：

“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition⑬ and must face 800 miles of hard pushing——and goodbye to most of our dreams.”

The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration⑭.The men were soon very tired and were running out of⑮ food.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise⑯ their hopeless⑰ situation：

“We are very cheerful⑱，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.”

However，on their way⑲ back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way⑳ with them.Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.

Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.Scott recorded his death：

“He said，‘I'm just going outside and may be some time.’...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit，and certainly the end is not far.”

Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：

“I could tell you lots and lots about this journey.What stories you would have for the boy...but what a price to pay.”

Scott's diary also told the story of their end：

“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far.It seems a pity，but I do not think I can write more.”

The news of Scott's death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying“Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man”Scoot had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.

译文参考

南极的比赛

1910年6月1日，罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特船长离开伦敦，开始南极洲之旅。在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。然后，去南极的比赛开始了！

1910—1911年的极地夏季，两个队伍都建立了食物储存处，为他们明年的旅程做准备。接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天来临。

1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个离开。他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的人都在滑雪板上。正因如此，他进展很快。斯科特于11月1日离开，不久就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了不久，斯科特和他的队员们不得不自己推雪橇。

1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达南极，并在那里插上挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。

阿蒙森和他的队友们在1912年1月25日平安回到起始基地，比计划的时间还提前了十天。

1912年1月17日，斯科特和4名队员终于到达了南极。他们看到挪威国旗时感到非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：

“好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄心壮志的目标，并且必须面对800英里的艰苦跋涉——告别我们大部分人的梦想。”

这次返程是探险史上最糟糕的一次。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气很糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的绝望处境：

“我们很开心，但每个人心里的感受我只能猜测。早上穿鞋子的速度也越来越慢了。”

然而，在回来的路上，他们找时间搜集岩石。他们一路上带着20公斤的石块。后来，这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植物覆盖。

然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了重病，摔了一跤就死了。接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。斯科特记录了他的死亡：

“他说，‘我正要出去，也许得一段时间……’我们知道可怜的奥茨正在走向死亡，但尽管我们试图阻止他，我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以类似的精神迎接结束，当然结束也不远了。”

斯科特和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足11英里的地方。但紧接着一场可怕的风暴开始了，他们根本不能离开帐篷。斯科特花了他最后几个小时的时间写作。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信：

“我可以告诉你很多关于这次旅行的事情。你会给我们的孩子讲些什么故事呢……但要付出多大的代价。”

斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：

“我们越来越虚弱，结局不可能太远。这似乎很遗憾，但我认为我不能再写更多了。”

斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了，他说“斯科特船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢以及一切造就一个男人的品质留下了记录。”虽然他没能赢得去南极的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们所展现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。