北师大版高中英语必修第二册unit6 the admirable sectionⅱ突破语法大冲关学案

UNIT 6 The admirable

同义词和反义词

[观察例句]

1．Regretful to say, art is long; life is short.

2．He joined us in the game for one hour and attended the meeting.

3．You should know the advantages and disadvantages of the programme.

4．For instance, in Mexico it's legal to drive, but illegal to get into an accident.

[归纳用法]

一、同义词分类

1．绝对同义词

指的是两个或两个以上的词或短语有完全相同的语义，任何情况下都可以互换使用，此类同义词很少，大多专业术语，如：mother language和native language，可以互换使用，意义没有区别。例如：

(1)meet和encounter

(2) important和significant

(3)surprised和amazed或astonished

2．相对同义词

指的是含义基本相同，在程度、范围或用法上有细微的差别，一般在句子中不能替换使用。例如：

(1)imagine, guess, suppose

imagine意为“想象，幻想”，指在脑海中形成一个清晰明确的印象，或认为某事物可能发生或存在。

guess“猜测，臆测”，指未知道前的猜测；

suppose “想象，推测”，意指“假定或假设中的情形”。

(2) attend/join/take part in的用法区别

attend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等；句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。

join指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为“参军、入团、入党”等。

take part in指积极参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

二、反义词分类

1．词根反义词

指的是不同词根构成的反义词；例如：

success和failure；war和peace；cold和hot；busy和free；danger和safety；dark和bright等

2．派生反义词

由派生构成的反义词；此类反义词一般是加否定前缀或否定后缀构成。

(1)否定前缀

①dis­主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前，dis­为否定前缀的词有：disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意等；

②in­常加在形容词，名词之前，如incorrect不正确的、inability无能、无力、inaccurate不准确的等；

③im­加在字母m，b，p之前，这样的词有impossible不可能的、impolite不礼貌的、impudence厚颜无耻；

④il­主要加在以l开头的单词的前边，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的、illogical不合逻辑的；

⑤ir­放在以r开头的英语单词前面，比如：irregular不规则的、irresistible不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解决的；

⑥un­主要放于名词、形容词、副词前面，常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业；

⑦non­加在形容词、名词前，以non­为否定前缀的词有non­existence不存在、non­essential不主要的、non­electrical非电的；

⑧而mis­加在动词、名词前，例如misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸；

⑨dis­加在动词之前，例如disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系；

⑩de­加在名词、形容词前，常见的例子有demobilize遣散，使……复员；decolor 脱色，漂白；

⑪anti­加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti­Japanese 抗日的、anti­social厌恶社会的；反社会的 antidote 解毒的药；

(2)否定后缀

英语中只有三个否定后缀：­less、­free、­proof。

①less后缀；如：homeless；hopeless；endless等；

②free后缀；如：fat­free milk 脱脂牛奶；sugar­free dessert 无糖甜点；wrinkle­free pants 无皱裤；hands­free device 免提装置；

③proof后缀一般表示“防……的”；如：waterproof防水的； rainproof 防雨的；airproof不透气的。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It's not so hopeless(hope) as you imagined.

2．The black car drove away from them and disappeared(appear)．

3．Perhaps I misunderstood(understand), but are you quite sure there is no problem in the contract?

4．Unemployment(employ) is so damaging both to individuals and to communities.

5．She was taken to hospital suffering from an irregular(regular) heartbeat.

6．He has been charged with membership of an illegal(legal) organisation.

7．It was impossible(possible) for anyone to get in because no one knew the password.

8．The incorrect(correct) information caused us to make a wrong decision.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

I 1.disagree(agree) with your plan because it is 2.improper(proper) to have these little children do such dangerous work.They are too young 3.to be employed(employ)．So it is 4.illegal(legal) to get them to work in the factory.5.Unfortunately(fortunately), I found there were many children 6.working(work) there.They were 7.unable(able) to get enough sleep and rest.It is 8.unbearable(bearable) that they were afraid of express their 9.dissatisfaction(satisfaction) to you.The government leaders had express their 10.disapproval(approve)．