2021-2022学年内蒙古赤峰市高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2021-2022学年内蒙古赤峰市高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年内蒙古赤峰市高一（下）期末英语试卷

题号
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五
六
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一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30分）
A
The Best Books on Skyscrapers.
Ever since the late 1800s,the skyscrapers have inspired fascination around the world.The books listed here not only pay tribute to various skyscrapers,but also to the architects who conceived them.
Chicago Skyscrapers：Postcard History Series
Of all the historic tall buildings,the 1885 Home Insurance Building in Chicago is often considered to be the first skyscraper ever built.In this popular book,preservationist Leslie Hudson has gathered some postcards to help us explore Chicago's skyscraper era.
Rise of the New York Skyscraper,1865-1913
Historian Carl W.Condit （1914-1997）and Professor Sarah Bradford Landau have given us a fascinating look at the history of New York's tall buildings and the building boom in Manhattan in the late 1800s and early 1900s.This book may be slightly academic in parts,but the engineering history shines through.
Skyscrapers：A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings
Architectural historian Judith Dupré revised and updated this popular book in 2013.Why so popular？Not only is it thoroughly researched,well-written,and beautifully presented,it also is a huge book,measuring 18.2 inches long.That's from your waist to your chin!It's a tall book for a towering subject.
Skyscrapers：A Social History of the Very Tall Building in America
This book reminds us that architecture does not stand apart from society.The skyscraper,in particular,is the type of building that not only inspires architects and engineers,but also the steelworkers and finishers who build them.Author George H.Douglas in his book explores many experience only by the social history of the architecture thriller films.
1. Whose book can help us explore the earliest skyscraper ever built？ ______
A. Judith Dupré
B. Leslie Hudson
C. George H.Douglas
D. Carl W.Condit and Sarah Bradford Landau
2. What is special about Skyscrapers：A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings？ ______
A. It includes many postcards. B. It is slightly academic.
C. It is oversized. D. It is about towers.
3. What do these four books have in common？ ______
A. They are all beautifully presented.
B. Their authors are architectural historians.
C. They all get involved in the history of skyscraper.
D. They remind us that architecture comes from society.
B
Veteran Oksana Chusovitina,the 46-year-old,made a heart shape with her hands and waved to the crowd inside Tokyo's Gymnastics Center on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games,while the athletes,officials and media workers gave her a standing applause as she left the sport's biggest stage for the last time.She said she had been crying "tears of happiness,because so many people have supported me for such a long time"，adding, "I'm just so thankful."
Born in Uzbekistan in 1976，she rose to fame as a gymnast at age 7，and was selected for the national team at age 13.She made her Olympic appearance at the 1992 Barcelona Games as part of the gold medal-winning Unified team,composed of athletes from former Soviet Union.She then represented Uzbekistan at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta,the 2000 Sydney Olympics,and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
In order to raise medical expenses for her son with leukemia （白血病），she granted German citizenship in 2006 because of the promise of a higher income and better medical care.She took home a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Games for Germany,but switched back to competing for Uzbekistan in 2013.
After her son's recovery,Chusovitina continued to compete,but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going. "There is no secret：I just love gymnastics and no one ever forced me to compete.I do so with pleasure." she said.She had planned to retire after the London 2012 Olympics,but changed her mind and returned.She competed in the Tokyo Games as an Uzbekistan athlete this time,and regardless of her achievements,she drew a successful end to her long sports career.
She has collected 11 medals at major global championships and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017，and was named the Best Athlete of the Decade （2011-2020）.
4. How did Chusovitina feel when she retired from her Olympic career？ ______
A. Grateful. B. Amused. C. Frustrated. D. Disappointed.
5. Why did Chusovitina compete for Germany？ ______
A. To raise medical expenses for her son.
B. To get higher income since then.
C. Because of her duty as a German citizen.
D. Because she was forced to compete.
6. What can we infer about Chusovitina's return to the Tokyo Games？ ______
A. Many people supported her.
B. She wanted to earn more medals.
C. She showed great affection for gymnastics.
D. She expected to draw a successful end to her long sports career.
7. What does Chusovitina's legendary story tell us？ ______
A. Air is long,life is short.
B. It's never too late to learn.
C. He who laughs last laughs longest.
D. Love and perseverance can produce miracles.
C
Chinese astronauts delivered a science lecture to millions of students on Earth on March,23.Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu conducted diverse scientific experiments in micro-gravity environment and introduced the space science facilities during the lecture. "The goal is to popularize space science," noted China Daily.
In the lecture,the micro-gravity experiment showed how to separate oil from water in space.Wang prepared a small bottle of oil and water,which were separated at the beginning,while the students on the ground also had such bottles,allowing them to follow the procedures.The teacher and students all shook bottles to mix oil and water into a fluid mixture.The students found their mixture gradually separated into oil and water again,but the fluid in space remained as a mixture.
When Wang asked for a method of separating water and oil in space,a student from Beijing suggested swinging the bottle in a circle.Wang's teammate Ye Guangfu tried the method and succeeded in separating the two.Wang said that centrifugation,the simple principle behind the experiment,can play an important role in science experiments.
This was not the first time that Chinese astronauts had tried this kind of lecture.Early in June 2013，Chinese female astronaut Wang Yaping,assisted by the other two crew members aboard Shenzhou-10 spacecraft,delivered the country's first space lecture to over 60 million schoolchildren across China via live video streaming.
In a 40-minute lesson,she demonstrated how different objects behaved in a micro-gravity environment,and explained the concepts of weight and mass in Newton's laws of motion.Towards the end of the class,Wang Yaping made a film of water using a metal ring,explained by the increased surface tension of water in space due to zero gravity.She then turned the film of water into a water ball by pouring more water onto it.
Although the astronauts are thousands of miles away,their research does influence our life and spark students' interest in science.
8. Why did the astronauts conduct such experiments in space？ ______
A. To explain the principle behind.
B. To introduce the space science facilities.
C. To spread scientific space knowledge.
D. To attract more students to attend the courses.
9. What can we learn from the experiment of separating oil and water？ ______
A. The students' mixture eventually settled into a fluid one.
B. Wang's mixture separated successfully after the first swing.
C. Swinging the bottles in a circle made the separation succeed.
D. Centrifugation helped to separate the oil and water on Earth.
10. What made it possible for Wang to produce a film of water using a metal ring？ ______
A. Wang's excellent experiment skills.
B. The increased gravity in space.
C. The stronger water surface tension in space.
D. The advanced science technology in space.
11. Which of the followings is the best title of the passage？ ______
A. Experiments in space. B. Learning from Space.
C. Micro-gravity environment. D. Astronauts in space.
D
Don't undervalue the Rio pearlfish,which is roughly 3 inches long and ages quickly with a very short life cycle.This fish can produce eggs that can survive being completely dry for months at a time.That's the reason Michigan State University scientists have sequenced （排序） the first complete genome （基因组） of the fish.With that genome,researchers can better understand the species' survival skills.
The team also captured the full 3-D structure of the genome,which helps show how and when genes turn on and interact with each other.All of this new information strengthens the Rio pearlfish's potential as a model organism that can further the understanding of human health.
Rio pearlfish are a type of fish that live in pools that form in and around Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,during the region's two rainy seasons.Those are followed by dry seasons that run from February to March and July into August when the pools dry up and the grown pearlfish populations are .Their eggs,however,survive such unfavorable conditions.
The eggs' adaptation to dry conditions offers practical advantages for establishing them as a model organism.The dried-out eggs are exceptionally hardy,making them easy to store and transport.
On the other hand,their survival mechanism has made Rio pearlfish perfectly suited for exactly one environment under growing stress.Longer wet or dry seasons can threaten generations of fish and,as the city of Riode Janeiro expands,the pools where these fish live disappear.This provides researchers with another important reason to raise these fish. "They can't stay in dry seasons forever," Thompson said. "If their habitats get destroyed or permanently flooded,they could go extinct."
12. Why did researchers sequence the genome of the Rio pearlfish？ ______
A. To change their genes.
B. To extend their lifetime.
C. To learn how they go through dry seasons.
D. To look for a cure for human disease.
13. What does the underlined phrase "wiped out" in paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. Removed. B. Killed. C. Ruined. D. Consumed.
14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The natural habitat of the Rio pearlfish is being threatened.
B. Stress prevents the Rio pearlfish from growing well.
C. The Rio pearlfish only live in mild climates.
D. The Rio pearlfish will die out very soon.
15. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from？ ______
A. An official report. B. A realistic novel.
C. A scientific magazine. D. A tourist guidebook.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10分）
How to Eat a Well-Balanced DietEach person has their own unique health demands,there is no one-size-fits-all eating plan that will work for everyone.What does a nutritious,well-balanced diet need？ (1)
Consume a lot of fruits and vegetables.
(2) Fiber,vitamin A，and vitamin C are just a few of the vitamins and minerals found in fruits and vegetables.Fruits and vegetables also keep you fuller for longer,which helps you maintain a healthy weight.At every meal and snack,half your plate should be filled with vegetables and fruit.
(3) Wholegrain bread and crackers,brown or wild rice,oatmeal,and barley are all examples of wholegrain foods.They are made with whole grain.Fiber,protein,and B vitamins in wholegrain foods help you stay healthy and fuller for longer.
Protein-rich foods should be consumed.
Nuts,seeds,tofu,fish,shellfish,eggs,low-fat milk,low-fat yogurts,and low-fat cheeses are all good sources of protein.Protein aids in the development and maintenance of bones,muscles,and skin. (4) At least two servings of fish per week should be consumed,while plant-based foods should be consumed more frequently.
Ensure that you consume enough water.
Water is good for your health and keeps you hydrated without adding calories to your diet.Sugary drinks,such as energy drinks,fruit drinks,100% fruit juice,soft drinks,and flavored coffees,are high in sugar and low in nutritious value. (5)
Even if it's 100 percent fruit juice,stay away from it.Fruit juice should not be used as a substitute for fresh fruits.Everyone should consume their fruits rather than drink them.
A.Choose foods that are high in whole grains.
B.Strive to consume daily grains.
C.This is one of the most important dietary habits.
D.Some fundamental ways of healthy eating are listed here.
E.As a result,we must consume it on a daily basis.
F.Protein foods should make up a quarter of your plate.
G.It is very easy to consume empty calories without recognizing them,resulting in weight gain.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30分）
Recently,I had one unpleasant but lucky day.My morning started with a （an） (21)kid who couldn't be satisfied whatever I tried to do for him.When I got in my car to take him to (22)，I realized my gas tank was close to(23).To make matters worse,the traffic was(24).I felt terrible.
After I filled up my tank and(25)the little one off to daycare,I headed to my favorite restaurant,ordered my favorite meal,went to the (26)，and then something happened — my debit card （借记卡） was declined （拒绝）.How (27)!I told the cashier that she must have run my card wrong and to (28)it again,only for the screen to read DECLINED again.My heart(29).People were staring at me,and I didn't know (30)to do next since I never carry(31)with me.
It (32)me that I should call the bank.Then I (33)grabbed my phone.Out of (34)，an amazing woman came up behind me,smiled at me and paid for my lunch.I was about to (35)to her that I did have money when she stopped me and said, "You can pay me back(36)paying it forward.Have a good day".
I was amazed that I've (37)seen anyone do anything like this in real life,which really made my day.Still I couldn't (38)how someone who didn't even know me could do such a thing for a (39).Right then and there,I told myself that I was going to pay it forward.I was going to create in my child a spirit of(40)— gratitude,and show him what paying it forward was all about.
21.  A. bad-tempered B. absent-minded C. warm-hearted D. cold-blooded
22.  A. school B. town C. hospital D. daycare
23.  A. new B. empty C. full D. huge
24.  A. cautious B. secure C. crowded D. smooth
25.  A. dropped B. picked C. stopped D. threw
26.  A. assistant B. cashier C. operator D. inspector
27.  A. astonishing B. embarrassing C. boring D. amusing
28.  A. demand B. adopt C. buy D. try
29.  A. sank B. filled C. broke D. hurt
30.  A. which B. whether C. what D. how
31.  A. certificates B. identity C. food D. cash
32.  A. happened to B. occurred to
C. stuck to D. contributed to
33.  A. eventually B. casually C. immediately D. suddenly
34.  A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
35.  A. explain B. apologize C. complain D. prove
36.  A. for B. in C. with D. by
37.  A. never B. ever C. always D. often
38.  A. consider B. believe C. decide D. accept
39.  A. friend B. neighbor C. customer D. stranger
40.  A. bravery B. honesty C. kindness D. patience

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15分）
41. Nadam Fair （那达慕大会） is a traditional festival (1) （celebrate） by Mongolian people in the sixth lunar month.It starts on the fourth day and (2) （general） lasts for five days.Nadam is from the (3) （pronounce） of a Mongolian word,which means "amusement" and "games".So the Nadam Fair celebrates (4) good harvest and the fun of playing games.At first there was only one activity during the fair, (5) might be wrestling,horse racing or archery （射箭）.During the Yuan and Ming dynasties,those three activities (6) （become） the main events.And now,there are some more activities at the fair as well.
The Nadam Fair is one of the most (7) （importance） festivals for Mongolian people.At the Nadam Fair,everyone can participate (8) the competitions.Horse racing,archery and wrestling (9) （be） popular on the grassland of Inner Mongolia since the start of the fair.Nowadays,some other events are also in the fair and are becoming more and more popular, (10) （include） camel racing,throwing Bulu,lassoing and tug-of-war.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last year I moved to a new city with my parents.It is the first time that I had come to the city.Being a student in ordinary school,I felt disappointing at the poor campus and the classroom.But with time going by,I found the teachers patient but helpful.In addition to,I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.So I made up my mind to making use of it.I studied hardly with the help of my teachers and classmates.Soon,I became one of the top student in my class,which greatly increased my confidence.Our experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determine who you are.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25分）
43. 假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校准备近期举办一场中国诗词大赛（Chinese Poetry Contest），请你写一则书面通知，内容包括：
1大赛目的；
2赛事安排；
3注意事项。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice____________________________________________________________________________________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据Chicago Skyscrapers：Postcard History Series部分中Of all the historic tall buildings,the 1885 Home Insurance Building in Chicago is often considered to be the first skyscraper ever built.In this popular book,preservationist Leslie Hudson has gathered some postcards to help us explore Chicago's skyscraper era.（在所有历史悠久的高层建筑中，芝加哥1885年的家庭保险大楼通常被认为是有史以来第一座摩天大楼。在这本受欢迎的书中，保护主义者Leslie Hudson收集了一些明信片，帮助我们探索芝加哥的摩天大楼时代）可知，Leslie Hudson的书可以帮助我们探索有史以来最早的摩天大楼。故选B项。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据Skyscrapers：A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings部分中Not only is it thoroughly researched,well-written,and beautifully presented,it also is a huge book,measuring 18.2 inches long.That's from your waist to your chin!（这本书不仅研究透彻、文笔优美、呈现精美，而且篇幅巨大，长达18.2英寸长。从腰部到下巴）可知，该书的特殊之处在于它的尺寸巨大。故选C项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第一段中The books listed here not only pay tribute to various skyscrapers,but also to the architects who conceived them.（这里列出的书籍不仅向各种摩天大楼致敬，也向构思它们的建筑师致敬）以及下文Of all the historic tall buildings,the 1885 Home Insurance Building in Chicago is often considered to be the first skyscraper ever built（在所有历史悠久的高层建筑中，芝加哥1885年的房屋保险大楼通常被认为是有史以来建造的第一座摩天大楼）"This book may be slightly academic in parts,but the engineering history shines through.（这本书在某些方面可能有点学术性，但工程史却大放异彩）Architectural historian Judith Dupré revised and updated this popular book in 2013.（建筑历史学家朱迪思•杜普于2013年修订并更新了这本畅销书。）Author George H.Douglas in his book explores many experience only by the social history of the architecture thriller films.（道格拉斯在他的书中仅仅通过建筑惊悚电影的社会历史来探索许多经验）可知，这四本书的共同点是都涉及摩天大楼的历史。故选C项。
这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一些关于摩天大楼的书籍。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4~7.【答案】A、A、C、D
【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段的She said she had been crying "tears of happiness,because so many people have supported me for such a long time"，adding, "I'm just so thankful."（她说她一直流着"幸福的泪水，因为这么长时间以来有这么多人支持我"，并补充说，"我很感激"。）可知，当Chusovitina结束奥运生涯时心存感激之情。结合选项A.Grateful.感激的；B.Amused.愉快的；C.Frustrated.沮丧的；D.Disappointed.失望的。故选A。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第三段的In order to raise medical expenses for her son with leukemia （白血病），she granted German citizenship in 2006 because of the promise of a higher income and better medical care.（为了给患有白血病的儿子筹集医疗费用，她在2006年获得了德国国籍，因为德国承诺她会有更高的收入和让她儿子获得更好的医疗服务。）可知，Chusovitina为德国参战奥运是为了给儿子筹集医药费。故选A。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第四段的After her son's recovery,Chusovitina continued to compete,but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going. （儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛，但这一次是她对体操的热爱让她继续前进。）可知，Chusovitina重返东京奥运会是因为她对体操表现出极大的热爱。故选C。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，Chusovitina长时间的参与奥运赛事，根据第3题的分析可知，她对体操表现出了极大的热爱。再由最后一段She has collected 11 medals at major global championships and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017，and was named the Best Athlete of the Decade （2011-2020）.（她在全球主要锦标赛中获得了11枚奖牌，并于2017年入选国际体操名人堂，并被评为十年（2011-2020）最佳运动员。）可知，Chusovitina 的传奇故事告诉我们爱和坚持可以创造奇迹。故选D。
本是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了国际体操名将Chusovitina对体操的热爱和不懈追求为她在奥运上赛事中赢得了名誉和成功。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】C、C、C、B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段中"The goal is to popularize space science," noted China Daily.（"目标是普及太空科学，"《中国日报》指出。）可知，宇航员在太空中进行这样的实验是为了传播太空科学知识。故选C。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段中When Wang asked for a method of separating water and oil in space,a student from Beijing suggested swinging the bottle in a circle.Wang's teammate Ye Guangfu tried the method and succeeded in separating the two.（当王询问在太空中分离水和油的方法时，一名来自北京的学生建议："使用旋转的方式"。王的队友叶光富尝试了这种方法，并成功地将两者分开。）可知，从油水分离实验中我们能了解到旋转瓶子使分离成功。故选C。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Towards the end of the class,Wang Yaping made a film of water using a metal ring,explained by the increased surface tension of water in space due to zero gravity.（快到下课的时候，王亚平用金属环做了一层水的薄膜，解释说在太空中失重会增加水的表面张力。）可知，水空间中较强的水面张力让王能够用金属环制作出一层水的薄膜。故选C。
（4）B.标题归纳题。根据第一段中Chinese astronauts delivered a science lecture to millions of students on Earth on March,23.Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu conducted diverse scientific experiments in micro-gravity environment and introduced the space science facilities during the lecture.（3月23日，中国宇航员在地球上为数百万学生进行了科学讲座。翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富在微重力环境下进行了多种科学实验，并介绍了空间科学设施。）结合文章介绍了此次讲座的主要内容以及重要意义。可知，B选项"从太空中学习"最符合文章标题。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了3月23日，中国宇航员在地球上为数百万学生进行了科学讲座。文章介绍了此次讲座的主要内容以及重要意义。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12~15.【答案】C、B、A、C
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。由文章第一段This fish can produce eggs that can survive being completely dry for months at a time.That's the reason Michigan State University scientists have sequenced the first complete genome of the fish. （这种鱼可以产卵，可以在完全干燥的情况下存活几个月。这就是为什么密歇根州立大学的科学家们对这种鱼的第一个完整基因组进行了测序。）可知，科学家们对这种鱼的第一个完整基因组进行了测序，是因为想了解它们在完全干燥的情况下存活几个月的原因。故选C项。
（2）B.词句猜测题。由文章第三段Those are followed by dry seasons that run from February to March and July into August when the pools dry up and the grown pearlfish populations are        .Their eggs,however,survive such unfavorable conditions. （紧随其后的是旱季，从2月到3月，从7月到8月，水池干涸，养殖的珍珠鱼种群被消灭。然而，它们的卵却在这样不利的条件下存活了下来。）可知，它们的卵却在这样不利的条件下存活了下来，however表转折，说明前文与它们的卵存活下来是反义词，应该是死了。可推知划线词组的意思是"杀死"。A.Removed移除；B.Killed杀死；C.Ruined毁坏；D.Consumed消耗。故选B项。
（3）A.推理判断题。由文章最后一段Longer wet or dry seasons can threaten generations of fish and,as the city of Riode Janeiro expands,the pools where these fish live disappear. （更长时间的雨季或旱季会威胁到几代鱼的生存，而随着里约热内卢的扩张，这些鱼生活的池塘也会消失。）可知，珍珠鱼的自然栖息地正受到威胁。故选A项。
（4）C.文章出处题。由文章第一段That's the reason Michigan State University scientists have sequenced  the first complete genome of the fish.With that genome,researchers can better understand the species' survival skills. （这就是为什么密歇根州立大学的科学家们对这种鱼的第一个完整基因组进行了测序。有了基因组，研究人员可以更好地了解该物种的生存技能。）可知，研究人员对这种鱼进行了研究，后面详细介绍了研究的内容。由此可以推断此篇文章出自科学杂志。故选C项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对里约热内卢珍珠鱼进行了基因组测序，更好地了解该物种的生存技能来保护它们不灭绝。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】D、C、A、E、G
【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据后文主要说明了健康饮食的方法；以及前句What does a nutritious,well-balanced diet need（营养均衡的饮食需要什么），故D选项"这里列出了一些健康饮食的基本方法"可以起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据主题句Consume a lot of fruits and vegetables（吃很多水果和蔬菜）；以及后文Fiber,vitamin A，and vitamin C are just a few of the vitamins and minerals found in fruits and vegetables.Fruits and vegetables also keep you fuller for longer,which helps you maintain a healthy weight.At every meal and snack,half your plate should be filled with vegetables and fruit（纤维、维生素A和维生素C只是水果和蔬菜中含有的几种维生素和矿物质。水果和蔬菜也能让你的饱腹感持续更长时间，这有助于你保持健康的体重。每顿饭和零食，你盘子里的一半应该装满蔬菜和水果）可知，本条健康饮食建议放在第一，所以是最重要的饮食习惯之一。故C选项"这是最重要的饮食习惯之一"符合语境，故选C。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据本段的Wholegrain bread and crackers,brown or wild rice,oatmeal,and barley are all examples of wholegrain foods.They are made with whole grain.Fiber,protein,and B vitamins in wholegrain foods help you stay healthy and fuller for longer（全麦面包和饼干、糙米或野生大米、燕麦片和大麦都是全麦食物的例子。它们是由全谷物制成的。全麦食物中的纤维、蛋白质和维生素B可以帮助你保持健康和更持久的饱腹感）可知，本段的主旨是选择全麦含量高的食物，A选项中wholegrains对应后文中wholegrain foods。故A选项"选择全麦含量高的食物"符合语境，故选A。
（4）E.推理判断题。根据上文Nuts,seeds,tofu,fish,shellfish,eggs,low-fat milk,low-fat yogurts,and low-fat cheeses are all good sources of protein.Protein aids in the development and maintenance of bones,muscles,and skin（坚果、种子、豆腐、鱼、贝类、鸡蛋、低脂牛奶、低脂酸奶和低脂奶酪都是很好的蛋白质来源。蛋白质有助于骨骼、肌肉和皮肤的发育和维护）可知，上文提到了蛋白质的好处，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出应当每天吃蛋白质，故E选项"因此，我们必须每天吃它"符合语境，故选E。
（5）G.推理判断题。根据上文Water is good for your health and keeps you hydrated without adding calories to your diet.Sugary drinks,such as energy drinks,fruit drinks,100% fruit juice,soft drinks,and flavored coffees,are high in sugar and low in nutritious value（水对你的健康有好处，能让你保持水分，而不会增加你饮食中的卡路里。含糖饮料，如能量饮料、水果饮料、纯果汁、软饮料和风味咖啡，含糖量高，营养价值低）可知，本句应承接上文说明喝含糖饮料的结果：人们很容易在没有意识到的情况下摄入无营养卡路里，从而导致体重增加。故G选项"人们很容易在没有意识到的情况下摄入无营养卡路里，从而导致体重增加"符合语境，故选G。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一些健康饮食的基本方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~40.【答案】A、D、B、C、A、B、B、D、A、C、D、B、C、C、A、D、A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.bad-tempered脾气不好的；B.absent-minded心不在焉的；C.warm-hearted热心的；D.cold-blooded冷血的，残酷的。句意：我的早晨从一个坏脾气的孩子开始，他对我为他做的任何事情都不满意。根据"who couldn't be satisfied whatever I tried to do for him"可知，此处指"脾气不好的"，故选A项。
（2）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.school学校；B.town城镇；C.hospital医院；D.daycare日托。句意：当我开车送他去日托所时，我意识到我的油箱快空了。根据下一段中"After I filled up my tank and（5）the little one off to daycare"可知，此处指送孩子去日托所。故选D项。
（3）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.new新的；B.empty空的；C.full满的；D.huge巨大的。句意：当我开车送他去日托所时，我意识到我的油箱快空了。根据下一段首句"After I filled up my tank…（在我把油箱加满之后……）"可知，此处指油箱快空了。故选B项。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.cautious谨慎的；B.secure安全的；C.crowded拥挤的，塞满的；D.smooth光滑的，顺利的。句意：使事情更糟糕的是，交通非常拥堵。根据"To make matters worse"及下一句"I felt terrible.（我感觉很糟糕）"可知，作者车子快没油了，更糟糕的是交通非常拥堵。故选C项。
（5）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.dropped中途卸客；B.picked采摘，捡起；C.stopped使停止；D.threw扔，掷。句意：我把油箱加满，把孩子送到托儿所后，我去了我最喜欢的餐厅，点了我最喜欢的菜，去收银台结账，然后发生了一件事——我的借记卡被拒绝了。根据"I headed to my favorite restaurant,ordered my favorite meal"可知，这是作者把孩子送到日托所后做的事情，drop sb off to…把某人送到……，让某人在……下车，符合语境。故选A项。
（6）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.assistant助理，售货员；B.cashier收银员；C.operator操作员；D.inspector检查员。句意：我把油箱加满，把孩子送到托儿所后，我去了我最喜欢的餐厅，点了我最喜欢的菜，去收银台结账，然后发生了一件事——我的借记卡被拒绝了。根据"my debit card （借记卡） was declined （拒绝）"可知，作者去收银台结账，却被告知借记卡不能用。故选B项。
（7）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.astonishing惊人的，令人惊讶的；B.embarrassing使人尴尬的，使人难堪的；C.boring令人厌烦的，无趣的；D.amusing逗人发笑的，有趣的。句意：多么尴尬！结合语境及下文"People were staring at me（人们都盯着我看）"可知，作者在饭店吃完饭结账时，借记卡却无法使用，这是令人尴尬的事情，故选B项。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.demand强烈要求；B.adopt采取；C.buy购买；D.try尝试。句意：我告诉收银员，她一定是刷错了我的卡，让她再试一次，结果屏幕上再次显示"谢绝"。结合语境及空后"only for the screen to read DECLINED again"可知，作者认为是收银员操作错误，让她再试一次，却还是显示无法使用。故选D项。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.sank下沉，沉没；B.filled 使充满；C.broke打破；D.hurt使受伤。句意：我心头一沉。根据语境及下文"People were staring at me,and I didn't know （10）to do next"可知，作者的借记卡无法使用，人们都盯着看，作者不知道该怎么做，所以此处指心头一沉，故选A项。
（10）C.考查疑问词及语境理解。A.which哪一个；B.whether是否；C.what什么；D.how如何。句意：人们都盯着我看，我不知道下一步该做什么，因为我从来不带现金。此处是"疑问词+动词不定式"作宾语，空处作动词do的宾语，指不知道接下来做什么，用疑问代词what。故选C项。
（11）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.certificates证书；B.identity身份；C.food食物；D.cash现金。句意：人们都盯着我看，我不知道下一步该做什么，因为我从来不带现金。根据语境可知，作者是在结账，银行卡用不了，又没带现金，不知道该怎么办，故选D项。
（12）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.happened to碰巧；B.occurred to想到；C.stuck to坚持；D.contributed to为……做贡献。句意：我突然想到我应该打电话给银行。上文提到作者不知道怎么办，结合空后"I should call the bank"可知，此处指突然想到可以打电话给银行。故选B项。
（13）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后；B.casually随意地；C.immediately立即；D.suddenly突然。句意：我立刻抓起我的手机。作者想到办法后应是立即行动。故选C项。
（14）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.everywhere每个地方；B.anywhere任何地方；C.nowhere不存在的地方；D.somewhere某个地方。句意：一个令人惊讶的女人突然出现在我身后，对我微笑，付了我的午餐钱。根据语境可知，作者正在给银行打电话，突然出现一个女人为作者付了钱。out of nowhere不知打哪儿来，突然出现，固定短语。故选C项。
（15）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.explain解释；B.apologize道歉；C.complain抱怨；D.prove证明。句意：我正要向她解释我确实有钱，她拦住了我，说："你可以通过传递下去来偿还我。祝你今天愉快。"根据空后"I did have money"可知，此处指作者正要向她解释自己有钱，不用她代为支付时，那个女人拦住了作者，故选A项。
（16）D.考查介词及语境理解。A.for为了；B.in在……里面；C.with和，具有；D.by通过。句意：我正要向她解释我确实有钱，她拦住了我，说："你可以通过传递下去来偿还我。祝你今天愉快。"此处是那个女人告诉作者偿还的方式，通过把这种行为传递下去，介词by符合语境。故选D项。
（17）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.never从不；B.ever曾经；C.always总是；D.often经常。句意：我很惊讶，我从来没有在现实生活中看到过有人做这样的事情，这真的让我很开心。根据"I was amazed"可知，作者以前在现实生活中没有遇到过这样的事，所以感到惊讶。故选A项。
（18）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.consider考虑；B.believe相信；C.decide决定；D.accept接受。句意：我还是无法相信一个甚至不认识我的人会为一个陌生人做出这样的事情。上文提到作者感到惊讶，结合Still可知，此处指仍然无法相信有人会为一个陌生人付钱，故选B项。
（19）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.friend朋友；B.neighbor邻居；C.customer顾客；D.stranger陌生人。句意：我还是无法相信一个甚至不认识我的人会为一个陌生人做出这样的事情。根据空前"someone who didn't even know me"可知，那个女人不认识作者，此处指陌生人，故选D项。
（20）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.bravery勇敢；B.honesty诚实；C.kindness善良；D.patience耐心。句意：我要在我的孩子身上创造一种善良的精神——感恩，并告诉他什么是把感恩传递出去。根据上文内容及空后"and show him what paying it forward was all about"可知，此处指把这样的善举传递下去，所以是创造一种善良的精神，故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者一次在饭店吃完饭付钱时，却被告知银行卡不能用，作者也没有带现金，一个陌生人为作者付了钱，并告诉作者可以通过将爱心传递下去来偿还的故事。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

41.【答案】【小题1】celebrated
【小题2】generally
【小题3】pronunciation
【小题4】a
【小题5】which
【小题6】became
【小题7】important
【小题8】in
【小题9】have been
【小题10】including
【解析】（1）celebrated.考查过去分词。句意：那达慕大会是蒙古族在农历六月的传统节日。分析句子可知，celebrate在这里为非谓语，且festival 和celebrate为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语修饰前面名词。故填celebrated。
（2）generally.考查副词。句意：从六月初四开始，通常持续五天。此空应填副词修饰后面谓语动词lasts。故填generally。
（3）pronunciation.考查不可数名词。句意：那达慕来自一个蒙古语单词的发音，意思是"娱乐"和"游戏"。分析句子可知，冠词the后面应加名词作宾语，且pronunciation表"发音"。故填pronunciation。
（4）a.考查冠词。句意：因此，那达慕博览会庆祝丰收和玩游戏的乐趣。分析句子可知，good harvest 前应加冠词，且第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词，good首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
（5）which.考查定语从句。句意：起初，集市上只有一项活动，可能是摔跤、赛马或射箭。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词为one activity,在从句中作主语，所以应用which。故填which。
（6）became.考查时态。句意：在元明时期，这三个活动成为主要事件。分析句子且由"During the Yuan and Ming dynasties"可知，此空应填谓语动词且用一般过去时，主语和谓语是主动关系。故填became。
（7）important.考查形容词。句意：那达慕是蒙古族人民最重要的节日之一。此空应填形容词修饰后面名词festivals。故填important。
（8）in.考查介词。句意：在那达慕博览会上，每个人都可以参加比赛。participate in表"参加"，为固定搭配。故填in。
（9）have been.考查时态。句意：自博览会开始，赛马、射箭和摔跤就在内蒙古草原上流行起来。由后文"since the start of the fair. "可知，此空用用现在完成时，且主语Horse racing,archery and wrestling 为复数。故填have been。
（10）including.考查介词。句意：如今，一些其他活动也在博览会上，并变得越来越受欢迎，包括骆驼比赛，投掷布卢，套索和拔河。分析句子可知，空处填介词including。故填including。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蒙古传统节日——那达慕大会。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

42.【答案】Last year I moved to a new city with my parents.It         the first time that I had come to the city.Being a student in ∧ordinary school,I felt         at the poor campus and the classroom.        with time going by,I found the teachers patient but helpful.In addition to，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.So I made up my mind to         use of it.I studied         with the help of my teachers and classmates.Soon,I became one of the top         in my class,which greatly increased my confidence.        experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that         who you are.
详解：
1.is改为was.考查时态。句意：这是我第一次来这个城市。由上文"Last year"可知，这里应用一般过去时。故把is改为was。
2.在ordinary前加an.考查冠词。句意：作为一名普通学校的学生，我对糟糕的校园和教室感到失望。school 为可数名词，且第一出现，需用不定冠词，ordinary为元音音素开头的单词，所以应用an。故在ordinary前加an。
3.disappointing改为disappointed.考查形容词。句意：作为一名普通学校的学生，我对糟糕的校园和教室感到失望。分析句子可知，这里表示作者感到失望，所以应用disappointed。故把disappointing改为disappointed。
4.But改为And.考查连词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现老师们很有耐心，但很有帮助。结合语境可知，本句和上句没有转折关系，而应是顺承关系。故把But改为And。
5.删除to.考查介词。句意：此外，我还喜欢课堂上的友好气氛。分析句子可知，In addition to的to是介词，后面需要加名词，所以在这里应删除to。in addition 表"而且"。故删除to。
6.making改为make.考查不定式。句意：所以我决定利用它。make up one's mind to do sth 表"下定决心做某事"，为固定结构。故把making改为make。
7.hardly改为hard.考查副词。句意：在老师和同学的帮助下，我努力学习。分析句子可知，hardly表"几乎不"，为副词，而这里应用hard表"努力"，为副词。故把hardly改为hard。
8.student改为students.考查可数名词复数。句意：很快，我成为班上的尖子生之一，这大大增强了我的自信心。one of 后应加可数名词复数。故把student改为students。
9.Our改为My.考查代词。句意：我的经验告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你得到了什么，而是你如何利用它。结合上下文可知，文章一直在说"我"的经历。故把Our改为My。
10.determine改为determines.考查主谓一致。句意：我的经验告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你得到了什么，而是你如何利用它。分析句子可知，这是强调句，句子的主语是not what you are given but how you make use of it,按第三人称单数处理，所以谓语动词determine应用动词第三人称单数形式。故把determine改为determines。
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者去一个新城市怎么适应新学校的故事。
考查短文改错。做题时时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。

43.【答案】Notice
To cultivate us students' love for Chinese Poems and enrich our after-class life,a Chinese Poetry Contest is scheduled to be held in the school hall from 9：00 am to 11：30 am on April 22.【高分句型一】（大赛目的及比赛时间、地点）Contestants are required to read poems expressively,or recite them from memory.（赛事安排）The winners will be announced on the spot and awarded with a collection of Tang Poetry.（奖项设置）Anyone who is interested is welcome to hand in the poems to be read by April 18 and make good preparations.【高分句型二】（注意事项）Please make sure to be there on time.For more information,contact us.
Students' Union
【解析】高分句型一：To cultivate us students' love for Chinese Poems and enrich our after-class life,a Chinese Poetry Contest is scheduled to be held in the school hall from 9：00 am to 11：30 am on April 22.
翻译：为了培养学生对中国诗歌的热爱，丰富我们的课后生活，定于4月22日上午9：00至11：30在学校礼堂举行中国诗歌比赛。
分析：本句使用了to do不定式to cultivate us students' love for Chinese Poems and enrich our after-class life作目的状语。
高分句型二：Anyone who is interested is welcome to hand in the poems to be read by April 18 and make good preparations.
翻译：欢迎任何有兴趣的人在4月18日之前交上要阅读的诗歌，并做好准备。
分析：本句使用了who引导的定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。