山东省临沂市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-03语篇填空（语法填空&短文填空）&补全对话

山东省临沂市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编

03语篇填空（语法填空&短文填空）&补全对话

一、语法填空

（2022·山东临沂）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

One Leaf, One World

Maybe you know Chinese paper cutting, but have you ever heard of leaf-cutting art?

In autumn and winter, many streets ___1___（cover）in fallen leaves. Most of us probably just pass over them without paying much attention. But not Kanat Nurtazin, an artist from Kazakhstan （哈萨克斯坦）. He will pick up some fallen leaves and cut beautiful artworks out of them.

Kanat works at a university. He ___2___（keep）drawing as a hobby to stay creative since 2013. This long-time hobby has also allowed him ___3___（express）himself through art.

In 2013, Kanat ___4___（start）a project called “100 Methods of Drawing”. In this project, he tries to use different materials and skills to create artworks. Among all these creative paintings, leaf-cutting art ___5___（be）one of his favorites.

To make leaf art, Kanat first chooses a leaf from his collection. Then, he simply ___6___（imagine）a funny story or a lively moment （时刻）. He draws it on a piece of paper and sticks the paper to the leaf. After the glue dries, Kanat uses a razor（剃须刀）to cut out the pattern（图案）on the leaf. Finally, the artist finds a beautiful background to take pictures of the leaf. And this “leaf story” will be shared online. A leaf’s life is short. But if you look at it with your creative eyes, like Kanat does, you too can give the leaf a second life by ___7___（make）it tell an interesting story!

（2021·山东临沂）根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

Kids in the Forest

When I picked up my son from preschool (幼儿园) one recent summer afternoon, he looked dirty from head to foot. He told me how he and his classmates played in the nearby forest. It was a hot day, so they took off their shoes to put their feet in the river. He ____8____ (describe) excitedly to me the wonderful feeling of the cool river water.

This isn’t a typical preschool in the United States. It’s a forest school. A large part of my son’s school day takes place across 1,000 square meters of forest and wetlands.

Today’s kids are under great pressure. It is believed that the road to a “good” college begins as early as preschool, and even four-year-olds ____9____ (require) to read and memorize new words every day. So outdoor time for children ____10____ (become) less and less now. This has caused many problems, such as an increase іn оbеѕіtу (肥胖) аnd dерrеѕѕіоn (抑郁) among children.

More and more parents ____11____ (realize) the importance of outdoor play. In the past few years, we have seen an increasing interest in forest schools. The number of forest schools in the U.S. has jumped from 20 in 2008 to 250. Unlike children in traditional schools, forest school kids spend their day studying ant hills or even ____12____ (climb) tall trees. There are no direct instructions.

So are forest schools really better for today’s children than traditional preschools? The answer ____13____ (depend) largely on whom you ask. Personally, I prefer forest schools. Since he started to attend forest school, my son has been more active and brighter with improved problem-solving skills. He has learned how to deal with small dangers and how ____14____ (protect) the environment. Most importantly, my son is excited to go to school every day.

Do you spend most of your time studying indoors? Remember to sometimes “hug” nature. It is good for you!

（2020·山东临沂）In Pontevedra, a city in Spain, people don't shout. Since cars are banned (明令禁止) in the city, there are no noises from cars. People don't have to try hard to make themselves heard. What you hear in the street, instead, is the singing of birds.

Miguel Lores, the mayor (市长), opens the windows of his office, and the sound of human voices____15____ (rise) from the street below. Lores says, "More than 14,000 cars used to pass along this street every day. There ____16____(be) more cars passing through the city in a day than people living here."

Lores became mayor in 1999. He spent months____17____(walk) around the city. "The historical city is dead," he said one day. "It is full of cars. It____18____(pollute) heavily. There are a lot of traffic accidents. The elderly and children aren't able to use the streets because of cars. People who had a chance to leave have done so."

At first, Lores thought of improving traffic conditions. However, he couldn't come up with a good plan. After lots of discussions, the government finally decided____19____( take ) action to ban cars.

The change____20____(bring ) Pontevedra many advantages since then. Traffic accidents seldom happen. CO2emissions (排放物) are down 70 percent. Many people are moving to the city, making it lively again. Most local people in the city like the change. Ramiro Armesto, a mother of two young children, said, "In the past, the first thing to see in the morning was traffic jams. Now, the city is cleaner, quieter and safer." Raquel Garcia, another parent, said she had stayed in many cities around the world. However, she had never lived in a city as "easy to live in" as Pontevedra. "Even while it____21____(rain). I walk everywhere. The feeling is wonderful," she added. "Pontevedra is paradise(天堂)”.

二、短文选词填空

（2022·山东临沂）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供1-4小题选用，第二个方框供5-8小题选用。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。

A long time ago, there was a kind businessman named Antonio in Venice. One day, his friend Bassanio wanted to ask a lady named Portia to marry him. But he didn’t have any money to buy clothes and travel to her city. The man then tried to ___22___ some money from his friend Antonio. However, Antonio had spent all of his money on some ships at sea. So he decided to borrow money from Shylock, a money-lender.

“I can lend you money,” said Shylock. “But ___23___ you don’t return it on time, you must give me a pound of your own flesh（肉）.” Antonio agreed.

Bassanio asked Portia to marry him successfully, but Antonio’s ships ___24___ at sea. This meant that he had no way to return the money to Shylock. He ___25___ face Shylock in court （法庭）.

Bassanio wanted to help his friend, but he didn’t know what to do. Then portia dressed ___26___ up as a male lawyer （律师）and followed Bassanio to the court. She checked the contract（合同）between Shylock and Antonio. Then, she told the court that Shylock could ___27___ one pound of Antonio’s flesh. But he had to do it ___28___making Antonio lose blood. This, of course, was impossible. The court ___29___ Shylock for trying to kill Antonio. The court took half of his money and gave the other half to Antonio.

（2021·山东临沂）根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。

In San Francisco, there is a special group of volunteers. They call themselves Friends of the Urban (城市的) Forest (FUF). These volunteers want to ____30____. Every year, the FUF plants nearly 1,000 trees.The FUF welcomes new volunteers all year round and in all parts of its work. On Weekend Planting Days, FUF volunteers work with common citizens (市民) to plant trees. The planting usually runs from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. After the work is done, everyone ____31____ over a community lunch.

On Thursday Planting Days, the FUF plants “replacement (替换) trees”. As their name suggests, these trees replace trees ____32____. Planting Leaders are very experienced volunteers. They are able to help other volunteers at planting events. Planting Leaders usually wear a special FUF T-shirt. Some new volunteers know little about “replacement trees”. They can easily find Planting Leaders and ____33____.

（2021·山东临沂）根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。

In 1995, the FUF ____34____ a program called Tree Care. The purpose is to improve the health of street trees in San Francisco. The FUF’s tree experts make “house calls” to every newly-planted street tree once a month. They ____35____ the trees are growing well. Through Tree Care, people learn why trees are important and how to take care of them.There are also Emergency Tree Care Volunteers at the FUF. These volunteers save young trees that have fallen or are leaning (倾斜). They set out to work ____36____ the FUF informs (通知) them of a tree in need.

The FUF sends newsletters to people ____37____ plant a love for trees in every citizen. It also offers tree tours and planting training. The FUF’s Youth Program trains teenagers like you to plant and care for trees.

（2020·山东临沂）

Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Georgia in the south of the USA in 1929. In 1954 he began to work in a church (教堂).All through his life he tried to ___38___for African-Americans, whose ancestors came to America from Africa between 1640 and 1798. White people brought them to America in ships, ___39___them as slaves (奴隶) and forced them to work. ____40____they were set free (自由的) after the American Civil War, their lives didn't change much for a long time. Some people still didn't like them. In the 1950's, African-Americans___41___to do lots of things in the south of America. They could not walk on the footpath when a white person was on it. They could not eat in restaurants where white people ate. They could not go to the shops that were owned by white people. When they were on a bus, they had to_____42_____to white people.

（2020·山东临沂）

In December of 1955, a lady called Rosa Parks____43____to give her seat to a white man. This made the bus driver angry and he called the police. The police took Ross away. Martin Luther King, Jr. said this was wrong and told people they should stop it. He spoke to lots of people and told them what was happening. He said the law should be___44___and they should be able to do the same things as white people. He called for the African-Americans to___45___on the bus. His idea worked. The bus companies (公司) lost money. In December 1956, the Supreme Court (最高法院)made the city change the rules.Martin Luther King, Jr. traveled across America to meet lots of important people and told them about the problems. In 1963 he led a big group of African-Americans in Washington. He___46___there. He said he had a dream that black and white people would live together___47___. He was a really important person in history because he changed African-Americans' lives a lot. American people and people around the world remember him for what he has done.

三、填写适当的句子补全对话

（2022·山东临沂）阅读下面对话，在每个空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话完整，合乎情境。

Tina: Kate, you showed an old photo on WeChat yesterday. There are two kids and their parents in it. Is that your family photo?

Kate: Yes, it is.

Tina: _____48_____?

Kate: It was taken in 2018.

Tina: Is that little baby in the photo your younger sister?

Kate: Yes, she is a lovely girl. What about you? Do you have a brother or sister?

Tina: _____49_____. I am the only child in my family.

Kate: Really? How does it feel to be an only child? ____50____?

Tina: No, I haven’t. I’ve never felt lonely. I have two cousins who live nearby. They’re just like my brothers.

Kate: My cousins live in Qingdao. We don’t see each other often.

Tina: What a pity! May I ask what your parents do?

Kate: My father is an engineer and my mother is a doctor. What about your parents?

Tina: My father is a computer programmer. He is good at computer. _____51_____. She teaches art at a local school. They’re very busy, but they always make time for me. I think family is the most valuable thing in the world.

Kate: I agree.

参考答案：

1．are covered

2．has kept

3．to express

4．started

5．is

6．imagines

7．making

【解析】

【导语】

本文介绍了艺术家Kanat用普通的树叶创造了精美的艺术品，为叶子赋予了“二次生命”。

1．

句意：秋冬时节，许多街道被落叶覆盖。根据“ many street…   in fallen leaves”可知，街道被落叶覆盖，两者为被动关系，句子时态为一般现在时，应用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are done”，主语为复数many streets，助动词用are。故填are covered。

2．

句意：自2013年以来，他一直将绘画作为一种业余爱好，以保持创造力。根据“since 2013”可知，空格所在句时态为现在完成时“has/have done”，主语为第三人称单数he，助动词用has。故填has kept。

3．

句意：这个长期的爱好也让他能够通过艺术表达自己。allow sb to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，空格处应为动词不定式to express作宾语补足语。故填to express。

4．

句意：2013年，Kanat启动了一个名为“100种绘图方法”的项目。根据“In 2013”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式started“开始”。故填started。

5．

句意：在这些富有创造性的绘画作品中，剪叶艺术是他的最爱之一。根据“In this project, he tries to use different materials and skills to create artworks.”可知，该句时态为一般现在时，leaf-cutting art是句子的主语，为单数，be动词应用is。故填is。

6．

句意：然后，他只是想象一个有趣的故事或一个生动的时刻。根据“To make leaf art, Kanat first chooses a leaf from his collection.”可知，空格所在句时态为一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词应用三单形式imagines。故填imagines。

7．

句意：但是，如果你像Kanat一样用创造性的眼光看待它，你也可以通过让叶子讲述一个有趣的故事来给它第二次生命！by为介词，后面应跟动名词，make的动名词为making。故填making。

8．described

9．are required

10．is becoming

11．have realized

12．climbing

13．depends

14．to protect

【解析】

【分析】

文中作者通过儿子在林间幼儿园的学校生活引发了对美国典型的幼儿园的思考，作者更倾向于林间幼儿园的教学理念，呼吁大家要“拥抱”自然。

8．

句意：他兴奋地向我描述了凉爽的河水的美妙感觉。根据上文可知本段用一般过去时讲最近一个夏天的下午的事情，用describe的过去式described。故填described。

9．

句意：人们认为，通往“好”大学的道路早在幼儿园时代就开始了，甚至四岁的孩子也被要求每天阅读和记忆新单词。and连接并列句，时态保持一致，用一般现在时，主语“four-year-olds”是复数，且是被要求阅读和记忆新单词，用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are，其后接require的过去分词形式required。故填are required。

10．

句意：所以现在孩子们的户外时间变得越来越少了。根据“now”可知要用现在进行时，其结构为be doing，主语“time”是不可数名词，be动词用is，become的现在分词形式为becoming。故填is becoming。

11．

句意：越来越多的家长已经意识到户外玩耍的重要性。根据“More and more parents ... (realize) the importance of outdoor play.”可知是到目前为止已经意识到户外玩耍的重要性，用现在完成时，主语“parents”是复数，其后用助动词have，realize的过去分词形式为realized。故填have realized。

12．

句意：与传统学校的孩子不同，森林学校的孩子每天都在学习蚂蚁山，甚至爬上高高的树。spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事，climb的动名词形式为climbing。故填climbing。

13．

句意：答案很大程度上取决于你问的是谁。根据上下文可知用一般现在时，主语“the answer”是单数，其后接动词的第三人称单数形式depends。故填depends。

14．

句意：他学会了如何处理小危险和如何保护环境。and连接并列成分，此处用“how+动词不定式”结构。故填to protect。

15．rises

16．were

17．walking

18．is polluted

19．to take

20．has brought

21．is raining

【解析】

【分析】

本文讲述了蓬特韦德拉之前交通拥堵，污染很严重，市长洛尔颁布了一系列措施后，整个城市变得更干净，更安静，更安全。

15．

句意：市长，米格尔·洛尔打开了办公室的窗户，从下面的街道传来了人声。

前半句opens是一般现在时，所以此空也用一般现在时。sound是不可数名词，所以空格处填动词三单形式rises。故答案为rises。

16．

句意：一天经过这个城市的汽车比这里的人还多。

根据前文More than 14,000 cars used to pass along this street every day中used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，可知，此空处是讲述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时。there be句型中的be动词要与离其最近的名词单复数形式一致，cars是复数形式，所以空格处填were。故答案为were。

17．

句意：他花了几个月时间在城里四处走动。

固定搭配：sb. spend+时间+doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，所以空格处填动名词walking。故答案为walking。

18．

句意：它被严重地污染。

前文It is full of cars中is是一般现在时，所以此空所在句子也用一般现在时。主语it指代前文的the city，是单数形式，与谓语动词pollute之间是被动关系，所以空格处填一般现在时被动语态is polluted。故答案为is polluted。

19．

句意：在多次讨论后，政府最终决定采取行动禁止汽车。

固定搭配：decide to do sth“决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，所以空格处填to take。故答案为to take。

20．

句意：从那时起，这种变化给蓬特韦德拉带来了许多好处。

since then表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有继续延续下去的可能，句子用现在完成时has/have done的结构。主语change是单数形式，所以空格处填has brought。故答案为has brought。

21．

句意：即使在下雨时，我也到处走。

while引导时间状语从句，根据句意，此句表示“即使在下雨时，我也到处走”，空格处所在句子表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时be doing的结构，it是第三人称，所以空格处填is raining。故答案为is raining。

22．D

23．E

24．C

25．A

26．C

27．B

28．A

29．E

【解析】

【导语】

本文是《威尼斯商人》的一段情节，巴萨尼奥因为要求婚所以向安东尼奥借钱，安东尼奥以割自己一磅肉的条件向夏洛克借了钱，但是无法及时偿还，但最终在巴萨尼奥的帮助下法庭惩罚了夏洛克。

22．

句意：然后，该男子试图从他的朋友安东尼奥那里借钱。根据“But he didn’t have any money to buy clothes and travel to her city. ”可知，该男人应该要向朋友借钱，borrow“借入”。故选D。

23．

句意：但是如果你不按时归还，你必须给我一磅你自己的肉。根据“you must give me a pound of your own flesh”可知，不按时归还是假设的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选E。

24．

句意：巴萨尼奥成功地向波西亚求婚，但安东尼奥的船在海上迷路了。根据“This meant that he had no way to return the money to Shylock.”可知，船迷路了，他无法还钱，got lost “迷路”。故选C。

25．

句意：他不得不在法庭上面对夏洛克。根据“This meant that he had no way to return the money to Shylock. ”可知，他不能还钱，所以不得不在法庭上面对夏洛克，had to“不得不”。故选A。

26．

句意：然后，波西亚打扮成一名男律师，跟随巴萨尼奥来到法庭。根据“dressed…up as a male lawyer ”可知，此处指打扮成男律师，dress oneself up“打扮自己”，herself“她自己的”。故选C。

27．

句意：然后，她告诉法庭，夏洛克可以割下安东尼奥的一磅肉。根据“one pound of Antonio’s flesh”可知，此处指割下肉，cut off“割下”。故选B。

28．

句意：但他必须在不让安东尼奥失血的情况下做到这一点。根据“But he had to do it … making Antonio lose blood.”和“This, of course, was impossible.”可知，割肉不流血是不可能的， without“没有”。故选A。

29．

句意：法庭因夏洛克试图杀害安东尼奥而惩罚了他。根据“The court took half of his money and gave the other half to Antonio.”可知，法庭惩罚了夏洛克，punished“惩罚”。故选E。

30．C

31．E

32．A

33．D

【解析】

【分析】

本文介绍了旧金山的一个特殊支援小组的主要工作内容。

30．

句意：这些志愿者想让他们的城市更环保。根据“the FUF plants nearly 1,000 trees”可知，种树可以让城市更环保，C选项“make their city greener 让他们的城市更加绿色”符合，故选C。

31．

句意：工作完成后，每个人都在社区午餐上庆祝。根据“After the work is done”及备选词，可知，工作完成后会庆祝，E选项“celebrates庆祝”符合，故选E。

32．

句意：顾名思义，这些树取代了已经死去的树。根据“these trees replace trees…”可知，新的树会替代某些树，备选词A选项“that have died已经死的”符合，故选A。

33．

句意：他们可以很容易地找到种植领袖并寻求帮助。根据“Some new volunteers know little about “replacement trees””可知，寻找对方是要寻求帮助，D选项“ask for help寻求帮助”符合，故选D。

34．B

35．E

36．D

37．C

【解析】

【分析】

文章介绍了FUF成立了一个名为树木护理的项目，以及这个项目的目的以及工作情况。

34．

句意：1995年，FUF成立了一个名为树木护理的项目。根据“a program called Tree Care”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“成立项目”，故选B。

35．

句意：他们确保树木生长良好。根据“The FUF’s tree experts make “house calls” to every newly-planted street tree once a month.”FUF的树木专家每个月对每棵新种植的街道树进行一次“上门拜访”。可知，这样做的目的是确保树木健康成长，故选E。

36．

句意：无论什么时候，只要FUF通知他们有一棵树需要帮助，他们就会工作。根据句意及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“无论何时”，故选D。

37．

句意：FUF向人们发送时事通讯，以便让每一个公民种植一棵爱心树。分析句子可知，“The FUF sends newsletters to people”的目的是“plant a love for trees in every citizen”，此处应用in order to“为了”，故选C。

38．E

39．F

40．A

41．D

42．B

【解析】

【分析】

文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国黑人民权运动领袖——马丁·路德金的事迹。他终其一生都在为非裔美国人的生活而奋战，文中还详细介绍了非裔美国人当时的处境。

38．句意：在他的一生中，他一直努力让非裔美国人的生活更美好。

考查动词短语。结合选项，由后面的"for African-Americans"可推知此处用make life better表示“使生活更美好”。故选E。

39．句意：白人用船把他们带到美国，把他们当奴隶买卖，强迫他们工作。

考查动词。结合选项，由后面的"as slaves and forced them to work”判断是被卖作奴隶，用sold表示“卖”。故选F。

40．句意：虽然他们在美国内战后获得自由，但他们的生活在很长一段时间内并没有发生太大的变化。

考查连词。逗号前后的句子存在让步关系，此处讲虽然获得自由，但生活并未发生大变化，用“Although”引导让步状语从句。故选A。

41．句意：在20世纪50年代，非洲裔美国人不被允许在美国南部做很多事情。

考查被动语态。由下一句“They could not walk on the footpath when a white person was on it.”可推知是不被允许做许多事情，用were not allowed表示“不被允许"。故选D。

42．句意：当他们在公共汽车上时，他们不得不把座位让给白人。

考查动词短语。由前面的"When they were on a bus"结合选项可知要用“give their seats”表示“让位”。故选B。

43．C

44．B

45．F

46．A

47．D

【解析】

【分析】

本文讲述了马丁·路德·金认为法律应该是公平的，黑人和白人应该做同样的事。他做了一个著名的演讲，他说他有一个梦想，那就是黑人和白人能够和平相处。他在历史上非常重要，因为他改变了很多非裔美国人的生活。

43．

句意：1955年12月，一位名叫罗莎·帕克斯的女士拒绝给一位白人男子让座。

根据后文的“This made the bus driver angry and he called the police.”可知，这让公交司机生气，因此表示她拒绝给一位白人男子让座，refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”，故选C。

44．

句意：他说，法律应该是公平的，他们应该能够做和白人一样的事情。

根据“they should be able to do the same things as white people.”可知，黑人和白人能做一样的事，因此表示公平的，用形容词fair。故选B。

45．

句意：他呼吁非裔美国人停止乘坐公共汽车。

根据后文的“The bus companies (公司) lost money.”可知，公交公司损失了钱，因此表示很多黑人停止乘坐公交车。故选F。

46．

句意：他在那里做了一个著名的演讲。

根据后文的“He said he had a dream that black and white people would live together”可知，他在演讲里说的内容，故选A。

47．

句意：他说他有一个梦想，那就是黑人和白人能够和平相处。

修饰动词短语live together用副词或介词短语，故选D。

48．When was it taken/When was the photo taken

49．No. I don’t/No

50．Have you（ever）felt lonely

51．My mother is a teacher/My mother is an art teacher

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一段对话，Tina和Kate相互询问了对方的家庭情况。

48．

根据“It was taken in 2018.”可知，下文回答的是照片拍摄的时间，空格处应询问照片是什么时候拍的。故填When was it taken/When was the photo taken。

49．

根据“I am the only child in my family.”可知，Tina没有兄弟姐妹，空格处应为否定回答。故填No. I don’t/No。

50．

根据“No, I haven’t. I’ve never felt lonely. ”可知，空格处应是问Tina曾经是否感到孤单。故填Have you（ever）felt lonely。

51．

根据“What about your parents?”和“She teaches art at a local school.”可知，Kate询问Tina父母是做什么的，空格处应回答是一名（美术）老师。故填My mother is a teacher/My mother is an art teacher。