2023届四川省成都市高三摸底测试（零诊）英语英语试题含解析

这是一份2023届四川省成都市高三摸底测试（零诊）英语英语试题含解析，共44页。试卷主要包含了考试结束后，只将答题卡交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 成都市2020级高中毕业班摸底测试
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3．答非选择题时，必须使用0. 5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5．考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
第I卷（100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man like about the moments after raining?
A Clearer sky. B. Fresher air. C. Closer stars.
2. What's the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues.
3. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. A coffee break. B. An aching neck. C. A busy schedule.
4. What will the two speakers probably do tomorrow?
A. Do outdoor sports. B. Attend a concert. C. Check weather forecast.
5. What leads to the man's being late?
A. A serious injury. B. A rude driver. C. A truck accident.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why do the couple choose to eat out?
A. The meat goes bad. B. The fridge is broken. C. It's cheap.
7. What kind of person is the woman?
A. Generous. B. Kind. C. Careless.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What do we know about the woman's father?
A. He's strict. B. He travels a lot. C. He likes experiencing cultures.
9. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a party. B. In a classroom. C. At a library.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which club will the man probably join?
A. An under 16s club. B. An under 18s club. C. An adults club.
11. When will the man probably get trained?
A. Mondays and Tuesdays.
B. Thursdays and Saturdays.
C. Tuesdays and Thursdays
12. What does the man have to do to join the club?
A. Register on spot. B. Apply online. C. Email a photo.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why is Peter invited to the interview?
A. He is good at study.
B. He invented a technique.
C. He benefited from a technique.
14. What's peter's advice on using the Pomodoro Technique?
A. Take a regular break.
B. Complete all tasks nonstop.
C. Divide the work and time it.
15. What does Peter think of the technique?
A. Advanced. B. Effective. C. Popular.
16. What might the woman probably do after interview?
A. Have a try. B. Buy a timer. C. Praise Peter.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What do you know about llamas and alpacas?
A. They are wild. B. They are sociable. C. They are from North America.
18. When will llamas spit?
A. When mistreated. B. When carrying things. C. When living in herds.
19. What makes the wool of alpacas famous?
A. Its origin. B. Its quality. C. Its price.
20. What probably does the speaker do?
A. A zoo guide. B. A TV host. C. A news reporter.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fancy earning rewards for giving your opinions? Norstat is offering exactly that.
What are you going to do?
Participate in surveys whenever you want and get rewarded for expressing your opinions. By participating in Norstatpanel surveys, you get to influence the products and services of the future. This part-time job is completely flexible, and an excellent way to earn money.
How does it work?
Each survey will only take between 5~20 minutes. It is completely free to sign up, and up to you which surveys you would like to do. You will be rewarded for each completed survey and as you respond to more surveys, you unlock new benefits and receive more rewards! Complete your profile survey to be in with a chance of winning a f20 Amazon voucher (代金券).
What do we offer?
Completing surveys will earn you coins, which you can choose to spend in different ways.
You live by the motto “cash is king”? No problem! You can spend your coins on a universal gift card that can be used at hundreds of different stores! You can also use your coins as a donation towards forest planting.
What do we ask?
·No education background is required.
·Don’t be afraid to give your honest opinion. There’re no incorrect answers.
·You have access to the internet, a mobile phone or computer.
·You live in the UK.
·No experience is required.
Are you the perfect candidate? Click “apply now”!
1. What will you do in the job?
A. Sign up with little cost. B. Collect surveys.
C. Design better products. D. Give your opinions.
2. Which is a must for the job?
A. A mobile phone. B. A UK residence.
C. Related experience. D. College education.
3. Where can you probably read this passage?
A. On a website. B. In a magazine.
C. In a travel guide. D. On a notice board.
B
The steps at the back of David Olson’s house in Norton Shores, Michigan, were breaking off and had to go. So one day last July, Olson started to do some repair work. He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made. “No way,” Olson said out loud.
All afternoon, Olson dug out sand and bowling balls. As Olson reached the last step, he counted the balls and was shocked to get 158. The balls Olson dug up are Brunswicks, a bowling products company near where Olson lives. But how did so many of them get into the ground behind his house?
A local woman named Judy had a theory. Her husband had worked at Brunswick for 48 years, testing bowling balls to make sure they were qualified. He told Judy that sometimes homeowners would use unqualified balls as filler for their backyards. Sand and bowling balls wouldn’t be legally accepted, but the combination is structurally sound. Most highways are built using the same basic principle, with pavement (路面) over a rock foundation.
And that wasn’t the end of it. Weeks after posting his find on Facebook, Olson heard a local restaurant asked to use the balls in a bowling match. In exchange, Olson and his wife could play for free.
Neither of them had bowled in years, but they struggled for a win in their first match. Then they won again. As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.
4. What surprised Olson most?
A. The balls belonged to a nearby company.
B The steps behind his house were broken.
C. The ground underneath the steps was sand.
D. There were many bowling balls under his backyard.
5. What do we know about bowling balls in Paragraph 3?
A. They are allowed in construction by law.
B. They are used in building most highways.
C. They could be a reasonable construction material.
D. The quality of bowling balls were not taken seriously.
6. How did the Olsons feel when they kept winning the matches?
A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Puzzled. D. Lucky.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Judy’s Theory B. Family Matters
C. An Unexpected Discovery D. Bowling Matches
C
For almost all of human history, the Earth's population has tended to be younger. But since the last World Population Day on July 11, a major shift occurred: There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.
World Population Day was established by the United Nations Development Program in 1989 to bring attention to population issues. Having more people on the planet is not the only concern, though, since a population's age structure matters too.
Increased lifetime is a remarkable human success story, but having more elderly people also creates a number of socioeconomic concerns. The global population will continue to age as these two groups grow in opposite directions. By 2100, the percentage of the population aged 65 and older will rise to nearly 25 percent - about five times that of children under five.
“Most developed countries have been aging for a century, giving them time to prepare for the changes. But developing countries will become old before they become rich,” says researcher Toshiko Kaneda. Many countries in Latin America and Asia are aging much faster and have less time and resources to prepare health-care systems.
What are the consequences of an older global population? Supporting elderly people is more expensive than caring for young ones. Pressing issues arise like how to provide long-term care, and maintain a labor force. In developed regions like Europe, where 10 percent of the population over age 50 is childless, elderly care is a major worry.
“Not a single country has been able to change declining trends in fertility (生育) despite government requests for people to reproduce as has been done across Europe and in Japan” Kaneda says. “The aging trend is continuous. ”
But declining fertility rates can have positive effects too, says Kaneda. When fertility rates decline but the population hasn't aged yet, governments can spend more on secondary and higher education, and benefit the economy. Both Thailand and South Korea have seized the opportunity during this ideal period.
8. What do we know about the global population?
A. It tended to be younger until now.
B. People are living longer and having fewer kids.
C. Age structure matters more than population size.
D. Developed countries are facing tougher challenges.
9. Which chart shows the global trend in the percentage of children under five?
A. B.
C. D.
10 What's Kaneda's attitude towards the global population issue?
A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Doubtful.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. The declining trend in the fertility rates.
B. The consequences of the aging population.
C. The establishment of World Population Day.
D. The present situation of the global population.
D
Age may be just a number, but it’s a number that often carries unwanted side effects, from fragile bones and weaker muscles to increased risks of heart disease and cancer. Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.
As living creatures age, it is not just their outward appearances and health that change; every cell in their bodies carries a molecular clock (分子钟) that records the passage of time. Cells from older people or animals have different patterns of chemicals along their DNA, called epigenetic markers (表观遗传标志物), compared to younger people or animals. Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns. This approach is how researchers can dial back adult cells, developmentally speaking, into stem cells (干细胞).
In the new study, Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory, and his colleagues tested variations of the approach in healthy animals as they aged. The first group of mice received the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equal to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans.
“What we really wanted to establish was that using this approach for a longer time is safe,” says Belmonte. “Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals. ” Compared to control animals, there were no blood cell changes in the mice that had received the Yamanaka factors. Moreover, the team found no cancers in any of the groups of animals.
12. What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Maintain. B. Start. C. Change. D. Quicken.
13. What do we know about the Yamanaka factors?
A. They consist of four reprogramming molecules.
B. They can turn epigenetic markers into stem cells.
C. They have been applied to lower the risk of heart disease.
D. They were discovered by Izpisua Belmonte and his colleagues.
14. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The purpose of the study. B. The procedure of the study.
C. The background of the study. D. The significance of the study.
15. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To report the result of a cancer study.
B. To introduce a cure for aging diseases.
C. To inform a breakthrough in gene research.
D. To explain the process of keeping mice young.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good Ways to Learn a Foreign Language
There are many ways to learn a foreign language. ___16___ The following are three agreed upon standard language learning styles.
Immersion learning（沉浸式学习). ___17___ The most common method is to visit a country for a long period of time and learn your desired language naturally through being forced to learn to communicate with your community. Another method is to use a foreign language app on the “foreign” setting. ___18___
Casual learning. This technique is very popular among educators and students. ___19___ It is using an app to familiarize yourself with basic vocabulary, phrases, and context of a language. This encourages you to have foreign language awareness in your native surroundings, and use what you have learned to communicate.
Peer-to-Peer language learning. Compared to others, this is a newer trend, especially for adult language learning. P2P technique means employing a native speaker to explore your community with you and have conversations about what you are seeing and doing. ___20___ But it does involve some basic memorization techniques before you are at a starting point to begin working with your individual teacher.
A. So what is casual learning?
B. But when to perform casual learning?
C. This is similar to immersion learning.
D. This technique can be used in multiple ways.
E. Learning a foreign language requires patience.
F. The best techniques to learn new languages are still under debate.
G. Through it, you can receive lessons only in the language of your choice.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Porras and her daughter Elena have been taking weightlifting classes together for five years, though Elena is paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down.
When Elena was born, she was diagnosed with a cancer which ___21___ from immature nerve cells. This resulted in her ___22___ to walk. Porras was in such a(n) ___23___ that she needed to see a psychiatrist (精神科医生) herself. She was ___24___ to create a long-term plan for life and start ___25___. A local health club trainer recommended weightlifting.
Once Porras started attending the strength training classes, she ___26___ Elena with her, “She saw me become ___27___ again and start to have my community. I wanted her to be a part of that, too.” Now Elena does ___28___ training with her mom. Together, they have become stronger, both mentally and physically.
Out of their expectation, a miracle ___29___. Months ago, Porras was about to ___30___ Elena into the car from her wheelchair, but had to go back to ___31___ the door. “When I turned around and found her in the front seat, I was ___32___.” Porras said. “I got in by myself, Mom... I’m ___33___ like you.” said Elena.
Today Elena is in a survivorship clinic and ___34___ numerous tests to get her health ___35___. However, as Elena gets older, they have to face more ___36___. Luckily, all of her efforts ___37___. “Each year I find myself more ___38___ and mentally stronger,” said Porras. Meanwhile, Elena’s workouts have ___39___ her growth. “You can be happy or sad, but I ___40___ to be happy.” said Elena.
21. A. excused B. drew C. suffered D. developed
22. A. inability B. potential C. power D. reaction
23. A. silence B. depression C. fear D. anger
24. A. ordered B. warned C. advised D. determined
25. A. dieting B. exercising C. learning D. recovering
26. A. trained B. replaced C. bothered D. brought
27. A. happy B. weak C. proud D. emotional
28. A. ability B. skill C. strength D. will
29. A. began B. ended C. awaited D. arose
30. A. push B. carry C. guide D. rush
31. A. fix B. lock C. answer D. remove
32. A. interested B. delighted C. astonished D. frightened
33. A. smart B. fast C. flexible D. strong
34. A. sets B. passes C. undergoes D. runs
35. A. monitored B. done C. improved D. covered
36. A. interruption B. chances C. attention D. challenges
37. A. take off B. carry on C. pay off D. set up
38. A. capable B. efficient C. ambitious D. creative
39. A. witnessed B. checked C. delayed D. forced
40. A. deserve B. choose C. mean D. try
第II卷（50分）
注意事项：用0. 5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For decades, school education ___41___ (lay) too much emphasis on the score one gets in exams and ignored other aspects of children's ___42___ (person) development such as physical education and basic life skills. Partly as a result of this, many young people are ___43___ (able) to cook a simple meal, can't manage their time or their finances well, and don't know how to do the laundry or basic housekeeping.
In a recently ___44___ (announce) plan on compulsory education, the Ministry of Education has separated “practical activities” ___45___ the previous course “comprehensive practice" and made them an independent course.
In the coming semester in September, primary and secondary school pupils will find ___46___ new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class hour every week. Some complain that much of pupils' time and energy might ___47___ (occupy),but the fact is ___48___ learning practical skills is an important element in shaping a person's character.
Of course, the times have changed. It may seem unrealistic and unnecessary to require every young person ___49___ (learn) such things when they can get most things done by clicking on an app. But learning how to cook two or three ___50___ (dish) and designing a nutritious recipe, for instance, are skills that cultivate children's independence and foster a good work spirit.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today, I was walking to work on a busy street. I passed by blind elderly lady sitting in cold wind. Seen her old face and sightless eyes, I stopped immediately. Then I took out some money, bend down to her level and gently pressed them into her hand. The lady slight nodded her head with appreciations. I felt blessed but moved on. This small interaction helped with me understand the meaning of giving. How a blessing it is to be kindness to those in need.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华。某英文报正面向高二学生举办题为“Hello, Senior Three!”的征文比赛。请从以下几个方面谈谈你对高三的想法。
1．学习方面；
2．生活方面；
3．自我期望。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello, Senior Three!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

成都市2020级高中毕业班摸底测试
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3．答非选择题时，必须使用0. 5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5．考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
第I卷（100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man like about the moments after raining?
A. Clearer sky. B. Fresher air. C. Closer stars.
2. What's the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues.
3. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. A coffee break. B. An aching neck. C. A busy schedule.
4. What will the two speakers probably do tomorrow?
A. Do outdoor sports. B. Attend a concert. C. Check weather forecast.
5. What leads to the man's being late?
A. A serious injury. B. A rude driver. C. A truck accident.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why do the couple choose to eat out?
A. The meat goes bad. B. The fridge is broken. C. It's cheap.
7. What kind of person is the woman?
A. Generous. B. Kind. C. Careless.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What do we know about the woman's father?
A. He's strict. B. He travels a lot. C. He likes experiencing cultures.
9. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a party. B. In a classroom. C. At a library.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which club will the man probably join?
A. An under 16s club. B. An under 18s club. C. An adults club.
11. When will the man probably get trained?
A. Mondays and Tuesdays.
B. Thursdays and Saturdays.
C. Tuesdays and Thursdays
12. What does the man have to do to join the club?
A. Register on spot. B. Apply online. C. Email a photo.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why is Peter invited to the interview?
A. He is good at study.
B. He invented a technique.
C. He benefited from a technique.
14. What's peter's advice on using the Pomodoro Technique?
A. Take a regular break.
B. Complete all tasks nonstop.
C. Divide the work and time it.
15. What does Peter think of the technique?
A. Advanced. B. Effective. C. Popular.
16. What might the woman probably do after interview?
A. Have a try. B. Buy a timer. C. Praise Peter.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What do you know about llamas and alpacas?
A. They are wild. B. They are sociable. C. They are from North America.
18. When will llamas spit?
A. When mistreated. B. When carrying things. C. When living in herds.
19. What makes the wool of alpacas famous?
A. Its origin. B. Its quality. C. Its price.
20. What probably does the speaker do?
A. A zoo guide. B. A TV host. C. A news reporter.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fancy earning rewards for giving your opinions? Norstat is offering exactly that.
What are you going to do?
Participate in surveys whenever you want and get rewarded for expressing your opinions. By participating in Norstatpanel surveys, you get to influence the products and services of the future. This part-time job is completely flexible, and an excellent way to earn money.
How does it work?
Each survey will only take between 5~20 minutes. It is completely free to sign up, and up to you which surveys you would like to do. You will be rewarded for each completed survey and as you respond to more surveys, you unlock new benefits and receive more rewards! Complete your profile survey to be in with a chance of winning a f20 Amazon voucher (代金券).
What do we offer?
Completing surveys will earn you coins, which you can choose to spend in different ways.
You live by the motto “cash is king”? No problem! You can spend your coins on a universal gift card that can be used at hundreds of different stores! You can also use your coins as a donation towards forest planting.
What do we ask?
·No education background is required.
·Don’t be afraid to give your honest opinion. There’re no incorrect answers.
·You have access to the internet, a mobile phone or computer.
·You live in the UK.
·No experience is required.
Are you the perfect candidate? Click “apply now”!
1. What will you do in the job?
A. Sign up with little cost. B. Collect surveys.
C. Design better products. D. Give your opinions.
2. Which is a must for the job?
A. A mobile phone. B. A UK residence.
C. Related experience. D. College education.
3. Where can you probably read this passage?
A. On a website. B. In a magazine.
C. In a travel guide. D. On a notice board.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍的是Norstat项目。该项目提供的是可以通过发表自己的观点来获得奖励的服务。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fancy earning rewards for giving your opinions? Norstat is offering exactly that.”（想要通过发表自己的观点来获得奖励吗？Norstat提供的正是这种服务。）可知，在Norstat中，你可以发表自己的观点来获取奖励。故选D。
【2题详解】
根据What do we ask?部分中的“You live in the UK.”（你住在英国）可知，该工作的要求之一是，工作人员必须住在英国。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一句“Are you the perfect candidate? Click “apply now”!”（你是完美的候选人吗?现在点击“申请”！），可知，该信息来自于网站。故选A。
B
The steps at the back of David Olson’s house in Norton Shores, Michigan, were breaking off and had to go. So one day last July, Olson started to do some repair work. He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made. “No way,” Olson said out loud.
All afternoon, Olson dug out sand and bowling balls. As Olson reached the last step, he counted the balls and was shocked to get 158. The balls Olson dug up are Brunswicks, a bowling products company near where Olson lives. But how did so many of them get into the ground behind his house?
A local woman named Judy had a theory. Her husband had worked at Brunswick for 48 years, testing bowling balls to make sure they were qualified. He told Judy that sometimes homeowners would use unqualified balls as filler for their backyards. Sand and bowling balls wouldn’t be legally accepted, but the combination is structurally sound. Most highways are built using the same basic principle, with pavement (路面) over a rock foundation.
And that wasn’t the end of it. Weeks after posting his find on Facebook, Olson heard a local restaurant asked to use the balls in a bowling match. In exchange, Olson and his wife could play for free.
Neither of them had bowled in years, but they struggled for a win in their first match. Then they won again. As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.
4. What surprised Olson most?
A. The balls belonged to a nearby company.
B. The steps behind his house were broken.
C. The ground underneath the steps was sand.
D. There were many bowling balls under his backyard.
5. What do we know about bowling balls in Paragraph 3?
A. They are allowed in construction by law.
B. They are used in building most highways.
C. They could be a reasonable construction material.
D. The quality of bowling balls were not taken seriously.
6. How did the Olsons feel when they kept winning the matches?
A Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Puzzled. D. Lucky.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Judy’s Theory B. Family Matters
C. An Unexpected Discovery D. Bowling Matches
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了David Olson在修补自家后院的台阶时发现了众多保龄球。原来这些保龄球和沙子结合起来能够当作填充物来填补后院。David Olson将其发现发布到脸书，一家餐馆申请使用它们来举办保龄球比赛，David Olson夫妻俩可以免费玩。这对他们俩来说保龄球简直是神奇的礼物。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made.(他惊讶地发现下面的地面是沙子，而不是泥土。更令人惊讶的是，他挖的洞里有三个保龄球。)”以及第二段的“As Olson reached the last step, he counted the balls and was shocked to get 158.(当Olson走到最后一步时，他数了数球，震惊地得到了158个。)”可知，在修补后院台阶时，最让他惊讶的是地底下有许多的保龄球。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“He told Judy that sometimes homeowners would use unqualified balls as filler for their backyards. Sand and bowling balls wouldn’t be legally accepted, but the combination is structurally sound. Most highways are built using the same basic principle, with pavement (路面) over a rock foundation.(他告诉朱迪，有时房主会用不合格的球作为他们后院的填充物。沙子和保龄球在法律上是不被接受的，但是这种结合在结构上是合理的。大多数高速公路都是用同样的基本原理建造的，在岩石地基上铺设路面。)”可知，不合格的保龄球和沙子结合在一起能很好地当作填充物，其结构是合理的。因此，保龄球从某种程度来说可以当作一种合理的建筑材料。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.(随着David and Megan Olson不断获胜，他们开始相信这些保龄球不仅仅是一个奇怪的后院发现，而是一个惊人的礼物。)”可知，一开始David很不理解怎么地底下还有保龄球，但是通过慢慢了解后才知到它们的用处。而在保龄球被拿去当作比赛用品时，他们还能免费打保龄球且经常赢，他们觉得这些保龄是个神奇的礼物，即他们赢得了比赛感到很幸运。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made.(他惊讶地发现下面的地面是沙子，而不是泥土。更令人惊讶的是，他挖的洞里有三个保龄球。)”以及最后一段的“As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.(随着David and Megan Olson不断获胜，他们开始相信这些保龄球不仅仅是一个奇怪的后院发现，而是一个惊人的礼物。)”可知，本文围绕着David在后院发现的保龄来讲述整个故事。这是一个意想不到的发现，但却有惊喜的结果。所以短文的最佳标题为“一个意想不到的发现”。故选C项。
C
For almost all of human history, the Earth's population has tended to be younger. But since the last World Population Day on July 11, a major shift occurred: There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.
World Population Day was established by the United Nations Development Program in 1989 to bring attention to population issues. Having more people on the planet is not the only concern, though, since a population's age structure matters too.
Increased lifetime is a remarkable human success story, but having more elderly people also creates a number of socioeconomic concerns. The global population will continue to age as these two groups grow in opposite directions. By 2100, the percentage of the population aged 65 and older will rise to nearly 25 percent - about five times that of children under five.
“Most developed countries have been aging for a century, giving them time to prepare for the changes. But developing countries will become old before they become rich,” says researcher Toshiko Kaneda. Many countries in Latin America and Asia are aging much faster and have less time and resources to prepare health-care systems.
What are the consequences of an older global population? Supporting elderly people is more expensive than caring for young ones. Pressing issues arise like how to provide long-term care, and maintain a labor force. In developed regions like Europe, where 10 percent of the population over age 50 is childless, elderly care is a major worry.
“Not a single country has been able to change declining trends in fertility (生育) despite government requests for people to reproduce as has been done across Europe and in Japan,” Kaneda says. “The aging trend is continuous. ”
But declining fertility rates can have positive effects too, says Kaneda. When fertility rates decline but the population hasn't aged yet, governments can spend more on secondary and higher education, and benefit the economy. Both Thailand and South Korea have seized the opportunity during this ideal period.
8. What do we know about the global population?
A. It tended to be younger until now.
B. People are living longer and having fewer kids.
C. Age structure matters more than population size.
D. Developed countries are facing tougher challenges.
9. Which chart shows the global trend in the percentage of children under five?
A. B.
C. D.
10. What's Kaneda's attitude towards the global population issue?
A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Doubtful.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. The declining trend in the fertility rates.
B. The consequences of the aging population.
C. The establishment of World Population Day.
D. The present situation of the global population.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于全球人口的现状。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.”（现在65岁及以上的人比5岁以下的人要多。）以及第五段中“In developed regions like Europe, where 10 percent of the population over age 50 is childless, elderly care is a major worry.”（在欧洲等发达地区，50岁以上人口的10%没有孩子，老年人的照顾是一个主要问题。）可知，人们的寿命越来越长，生育的孩子越来越少。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The global population will continue to age as these two groups grow in opposite directions. By 2100, the percentage of the population aged 65 and older will rise to nearly 25 percent - about five times that of children under five.”（全球人口将继续老龄化，因为这两个群体的增长方向相反。到2100年，65岁及以上的人口比例将上升到近25%，大约是5岁以下儿童比例的5倍。）可知，到2100年的时候5岁以下儿童的比例将会下降到老年人口的五分之一。故徐A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Not a single country has been able to change declining trends in fertility (生育) despite government requests for people to reproduce as has been done across Europe and in Japan,” Kaneda says. “The aging trend is continuous. ””（Kaneda说：“尽管政府要求人们像欧洲和日本那样生育，但没有一个国家能够改变生育率下降的趋势”老龄化趋势一直在持续）可知，Kaneda认为老龄化是全世界所不可避免的一个趋势，而且是持续的趋势。所以Kaneda对全球人口问题的态度是客观的。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“For almost all of human history, the Earth's population has tended to be younger. But since the last World Population Day on July 11, a major shift occurred: There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.”（在几乎所有人类历史中，地球人口都趋于年轻化。但自7月11日最后一个世界人口日以来，发生了一个重大变化：现在65岁及以上的人口比5岁以下的人口还要多）可知，短文主要是关于全球人口的现状。故选D。
D
Age may be just a number, but it’s a number that often carries unwanted side effects, from fragile bones and weaker muscles to increased risks of heart disease and cancer. Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.
As living creatures age, it is not just their outward appearances and health that change; every cell in their bodies carries a molecular clock (分子钟) that records the passage of time. Cells from older people or animals have different patterns of chemicals along their DNA, called epigenetic markers (表观遗传标志物), compared to younger people or animals. Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns. This approach is how researchers can dial back adult cells, developmentally speaking, into stem cells (干细胞).
In the new study, Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory, and his colleagues tested variations of the approach in healthy animals as they aged. The first group of mice received the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equal to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans.
“What we really wanted to establish was that using this approach for a longer time is safe,” says Belmonte. “Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals. ” Compared to control animals, there were no blood cell changes in the mice that had received the Yamanaka factors. Moreover, the team found no cancers in any of the groups of animals.
12. What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Maintain. B. Start. C. Change. D. Quicken.
13. What do we know about the Yamanaka factors?
A. They consist of four reprogramming molecules.
B. They can turn epigenetic markers into stem cells.
C. They have been applied to lower the risk of heart disease.
D. They were discovered by Izpisua Belmonte and his colleagues.
14. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The purpose of the study. B. The procedure of the study.
C. The background of the study. D. The significance of the study.
15. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To report the result of a cancer study.
B To introduce a cure for aging diseases.
C. To inform a breakthrough in gene research.
D. To explain the process of keeping mice young.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了科学家们可以通过将中老年老鼠的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态，安全有效地逆转其衰老过程。科学家通过分组实验，对不同年龄层的老鼠做了研究，均没有发现有任何消极的影响。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.(现在，索尔克研究所的科学家已经表明，他们可以安全有效地reverse中年和老年老鼠的衰老过程，方法是将它们的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态。)”可知，将老鼠的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态可以有效转变它们的衰老过程，使它们重回年轻状态。因此，此处“reserve”意为“改变”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns.(科学家们知道，向细胞中加入四种重编程分子的混合物——也被称为“山中伸弥因子”——可以将这些表观遗传标记重置为它们的原始模式。)”可知，山中伸弥因子是由四种重编程分子。故选A项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段整段“In the new study, Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory, and his colleagues tested variations of the approach in healthy animals as they aged. The first group of mice received the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equal to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans. (在这项新的研究中，萨尔克基因表达实验室的教授Izpisua Belmonte和他的同事们在健康动物衰老的过程中测试了这种方法的变异。第一组老鼠从15个月大到22个月大时接受了山中伸弥因子治疗，在人类中大约等于50岁到70岁。另一组在12至22个月期间接受治疗，人类年龄约为35至70岁。第三组在25个月大时只接受了一个月的治疗，与人类80岁时的情况相似。)”可知，此段主要介绍了这项新研究进行了三组的实验，每组实验的老鼠是不同年龄层次的。因此本段讲述的是实验的过程。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.(现在，索尔克研究所的科学家已经表明，他们可以安全有效地逆转中年和老年老鼠的衰老过程，方法是将它们的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态。)”以及第二段的“Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns. This approach is how researchers can dial back adult cells, developmentally speaking, into stem cells (干细胞).(科学家们知道，向细胞中加入四种重编程分子的混合物——也被称为“山中伸弥因子”——可以将这些表观遗传标记重置为它们的原始模式。从发育角度来说，研究人员正是通过这种方法将成年细胞转变成干细胞。)”以及最后一段的““Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals. ”(“事实上，我们没有看到对这些动物的健康、行为或体重有任何负面影响。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家在基因研究方面取得重大进展，能够有效地逆转老鼠的衰老过程。因此，本文是为了介绍在基因研究上的重大突破。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good Ways to Learn a Foreign Language
There are many ways to learn a foreign language. ___16___ The following are three agreed upon standard language learning styles.
Immersion learning（沉浸式学习). ___17___ The most common method is to visit a country for a long period of time and learn your desired language naturally through being forced to learn to communicate with your community. Another method is to use a foreign language app on the “foreign” setting. ___18___
Casual learning. This technique is very popular among educators and students. ___19___ It is using an app to familiarize yourself with basic vocabulary, phrases, and context of a language. This encourages you to have foreign language awareness in your native surroundings, and use what you have learned to communicate.
Peer-to-Peer language learning. Compared to others, this is a newer trend, especially for adult language learning. P2P technique means employing a native speaker to explore your community with you and have conversations about what you are seeing and doing. ___20___ But it does involve some basic memorization techniques before you are at a starting point to begin working with your individual teacher.
A. So what is casual learning?
B. But when to perform casual learning?
C. This is similar to immersion learning.
D. This technique can be used in multiple ways.
E. Learning a foreign language requires patience.
F. The best techniques to learn new languages are still under debate.
G. Through it, you can receive lessons only in the language of your choice.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. C
【解析】公众号：高中试卷君
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是学习一门外语的好方法。
【16题详解】
根据前文的“There are many ways to learn a foreign language. ”（学习一门外语有很多方法。）可知，学习外语的方法有很多种。到底哪儿一种方法是最好的还仍是有争议的。根据空后的“The following are three agreed upon standard language learning styles.”（以下是三种公认的标准语言学习方式。）可知，设空处应该承接上文并且引起下文，即在众多不确定的学习一门外语的方法中，本文介绍的三种方法是公认的标准语言的学习方式。故F选项“The best techniques to learn new languages are still under debate.”（学习新语言的最佳技巧仍在争论中。） 符合句意。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后文的“The most common method is to visit a country for a long period of time and learn your desired language naturally through being forced to learn to communicate with your community. Another method is to use a foreign language app on the “foreign” setting. ”（最常见的方法是长时间访问一个国家，通过强迫学习与你的社区交流自然地学习你想要的语言。另一种方法是在“外语”设置上使用外语应用程序。）可知，讲述的是沉浸式学习的方式有很多种方法来学习。故设空处应该指出沉浸式学习有很多种方式。D选项“This technique can be used in multiple ways.”（这种技术可以以多种方式使用。）中的this指代的是前文的 “Immersion learning”；同时“multiple ways”指代的是下文的两种方法。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文的“ Another method is to use a foreign language app on the “foreign” setting.”（另一种方法是在“外语”设置上使用外语应用程序。）可知，在程序上设定学习某种外语，故只能学习指定的语言。G选项“Through it, you can receive lessons only in the language of your choice.”（通过它，你只能学习你选择的语言。）中的it指代的是在语言app，承接上文。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“Casual learning. This technique is very popular among educators and students.”（随意的学习。这种方法在教育者和学生中很受欢迎。）可知，本段主要探讨的是Casual learning这一语言学习方法。A选项中“So what is casual learning?”（什么是随意的学习方法呢？）与本段的段旨呼应，引出下文对随意的学习这一方法具体内容的解释，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文的“ P2P technique means employing a native speaker to explore your community with you and have conversations about what you are seeing and doing.”（P2P技术意味着雇佣一个母语为英语的人与你一起探索你的社区，并就你所看到的和所做的进行对话。）可知，这种学习方法与沉浸式学习相似，都是强调的是找寻一个以英语为母语的人一起探讨生活中各个方面，根据空后的“But it does involve some basic memorization techniques before you are at a starting point to begin working with your individual teacher.”（但是在你开始跟你的老师学习之前，它确实涉及一些基本的记忆技巧。）可知，P2P的语言学习方式又不同于沉浸式学习，P2P的学习还涉及到一些基本的记忆技巧。C选项“This is similar to immersion learning.”（这个类似于沉浸式学习）中的this指代的是前文的P2P的学习方法与沉浸式学习相似，都是强调的是找寻一个以英语为母语的人一起探讨生活中各个方面，同时与空后的But 形成转折，故选C。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Porras and her daughter Elena have been taking weightlifting classes together for five years, though Elena is paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down.
When Elena was born, she was diagnosed with a cancer which ___21___ from immature nerve cells. This resulted in her ___22___ to walk. Porras was in such a(n) ___23___ that she needed to see a psychiatrist (精神科医生) herself. She was ___24___ to create a long-term plan for life and start ___25___. A local health club trainer recommended weightlifting.
Once Porras started attending the strength training classes, she ___26___ Elena with her, “She saw me become ___27___ again and start to have my community. I wanted her to be a part of that, too.” Now Elena does ___28___ training with her mom. Together, they have become stronger, both mentally and physically.
Out of their expectation, a miracle ___29___. Months ago, Porras was about to ___30___ Elena into the car from her wheelchair, but had to go back to ___31___ the door. “When I turned around and found her in the front seat, I was ___32___.” Porras said. “I got in by myself, Mom... I’m ___33___ like you.” said Elena.
Today, Elena is in a survivorship clinic and ___34___ numerous tests to get her health ___35___. However, as Elena gets older, they have to face more ___36___. Luckily, all of her efforts ___37___. “Each year I find myself more ___38___ and mentally stronger,” said Porras. Meanwhile, Elena’s workouts have ___39___ her growth. “You can be happy or sad, but I ___40___ to be happy.” said Elena.
21. A. excused B. drew C. suffered D. developed
22. A. inability B. potential C. power D. reaction
23. A. silence B. depression C. fear D. anger
24. A. ordered B. warned C. advised D. determined
25. A. dieting B. exercising C. learning D. recovering
26. A. trained B. replaced C. bothered D. brought
27. A. happy B. weak C. proud D. emotional
28. A. ability B. skill C. strength D. will
29. A. began B. ended C. awaited D. arose
30. A. push B. carry C. guide D. rush
31. A. fix B. lock C. answer D. remove
32. A. interested B. delighted C. astonished D. frightened
33. A. smart B. fast C. flexible D. strong
34. A. sets B. passes C. undergoes D. runs
35. A. monitored B. done C. improved D. covered
36. A. interruption B. chances C. attention D. challenges
37. A. take off B. carry on C. pay off D. set up
38. A. capable B. efficient C. ambitious D. creative
39. A. witnessed B. checked C. delayed D. forced
40. A. deserve B. choose C. mean D. try
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是主人公Elena因为患病，导致下半身瘫痪。但即使面对挫折，她的母亲一直陪把她作康复训练，同时Elena一直保持着乐观心态，不断成长。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当埃琳娜出生时，她被诊断出患有癌症，由不成熟的神经细胞发展而来。A. excused推脱，找借口；B. drew画；C. suffered遭受；D. developed发展。根据前文的“she was diagnosed with a cancer”和下文“from immature nerve cells”可知，该疾病是由于不成熟的神经细胞发展而来。故选D。
22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这导致她无法行走。波拉斯非常沮丧，她自己需要去看心理医生。A. inability不能；B. potential潜能；C. power力量；D. reaction回应。根据前文“though Elena is paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down.”可知该疾病导致她不能行走。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. silence安静；B. depression沮丧，抑郁症；C. fear害怕；D. anger愤怒。根据后文的“she needed to see a psychiatrist (精神科医生) herself.”可知，她是如此的沮丧。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人建议她制定一个长期的生活计划，并开始锻炼。A. ordered命令；B. warned警告；C. advised建议；D. determined决定。根据前文“see a psychiatrist (精神科医生) herself.”可知，她去看医生，医生建议他要制定长期的生活计划。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dieting节食；B. exercising锻炼；C. learning学习；D. recovering恢复。根据前文“A local health club trainer recommended weightlifting.”可知，制定计划后开始锻炼。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当波拉斯开始参加力量训练课程时，她把埃琳娜也带来了。“她看到我重新变得快乐。”A. trained训练；B. replaced取代；C. bothered打扰；D. brought带着。根据前文的“Porras and her daughter Elena have been taking weightlifting classes together for five years,”可知Porras带着她的女儿一起做训练。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. happy开心的；B. weak虚弱的；C. proud骄傲的；D. emotional情感的。根据后文的“Together, they have become stronger, both mentally and physically.”可知，妈妈是看到女儿在参加训练后是感到高兴的。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在埃琳娜和她妈妈一起进行力量训练。A. ability能力；B. skill技巧；C. strength力量；D. will意志。根据前文的“Once Porras started attending the strength training classes”可知二人参加的是力量训练。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出乎他们的意料，奇迹出现了。几个月前，波拉斯正要从轮椅上把埃琳娜抱进车里，但不得不回去锁门。A. began开始；B. ended结束；C. awaited等待；D. arose产生。根据后文的“Porras said. “I got in by myself, Mom... I’m ___13___ like you.” said Elena.”可知，埃琳娜自己坐到了前座位，故是奇迹出现了。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. push推动；B. carry搬，抱；C. guide指导；D. rush冲出。根据后文的“Elena into the car from her wheelchair”可知，波拉斯正要从轮椅上把埃琳娜抱进车里。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同9小题。A. fix修理；B. lock锁；C. answer回答；D. remove移走。根据后文的“the door”可知，波拉斯正要从轮椅上把埃琳娜抱进车里，但不得不回去锁门。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我转过身，发现她坐在前座时，我惊呆。A. interested感兴趣的；B. delighted愉快的；C. astonished惊讶的；D. frightened害怕的。根据空后的“I got in by myself, Mom.”可知，是她自己坐在了前座，故Porras是吃惊的。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我像你一样的强壮。A. smart聪明的；B. fast快的；C. flexible灵活的；D. strong强壮的。根据前文的“I got in by myself, Mom”可知是Elena自己挪到了前座位上，故她表示的是自己跟母亲一样强壮。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，埃琳娜在一家幸存者诊所接受了许多测试，以监测她健康状况。A. sets设置；B. passes通过；C. undergoes经历，接受；D. runs跑。根据空后的“numerous tests”可知是接受许多测试。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. monitored监测；B. done完成；C. improved提升；D. covered覆盖。根据前文的“Today, Elena is in a survivorship clinic and ___14___ numerous tests”可知，是她在诊所中接受了许多测试，以监测她的健康状况。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着Elena的长大，他们不得不面对更多的挑战。A. interruption打扰；B. chances机会；C. attention注意力；D. challenges挑战。根据前文的“However, as Elena gets older, they have to face”可知，随着年龄的增长，Elena面临着更多的挑战。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：幸运地是，所有的努力都得到了回报。A. take off起飞；B. carry on继续；C. pay off回报；D. set up建立。根据前文的“Luckily”可知，努力得到了回报。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一年我都发现自己更能干，精神更强大。A. capable能够的，胜任的；B. efficient高效的；C. ambitious雄心壮志的；D. creative有创造力的。根据后文的“mentally stronger”可知，她发下自己每一年都越强壮，同时能胜任更多的事情。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，埃琳娜的锻炼见证了她的成长。“你可以快乐，也可以悲伤，但我选择快乐。”埃琳娜说。A. witnessed见证；B. checked检查；C. delayed推迟；D. forced迫使。根据“her growth”可知，是锻炼见证了她的成长。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. deserve值得；B. choose选择；C. mean意味着；D. try尝试。根据前文的“You can be happy or sad”可知，面对疾病可以快乐也可以悲伤，但她选择了快乐。故选B。
第II卷（50分）
注意事项：用0. 5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For decades, school education ___41___ (lay) too much emphasis on the score one gets in exams and ignored other aspects of children's ___42___ (person) development such as physical education and basic life skills. Partly as a result of this, many young people are ___43___ (able) to cook a simple meal, can't manage their time or their finances well, and don't know how to do the laundry or basic housekeeping.
In a recently ___44___ (announce) plan on compulsory education, the Ministry of Education has separated “practical activities” ___45___ the previous course “comprehensive practice" and made them an independent course.
In the coming semester in September, primary and secondary school pupils will find ___46___ new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class hour every week. Some complain that much of pupils' time and energy might ___47___ (occupy),but the fact is ___48___ learning practical skills is an important element in shaping a person's character.
Of course, the times have changed. It may seem unrealistic and unnecessary to require every young person ___49___ (learn) such things when they can get most things done by clicking on an app. But learning how to cook two or three ___50___ (dish) and designing a nutritious recipe, for instance, are skills that cultivate children's independence and foster a good work spirit.
【答案】41. has laid
42. personal
43. unable 44. announced
45. from 46. the
47. be occupied
48. that 49. to learn
50. dishes
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是几十年来，学校教育过于强调考试成绩，而忽视了孩子个人发展的其他方面。为解决该问题教育部在最近公布的义务教育计划中，教育部将“实践活动”与之前的“综合实践”课程分开，成为独立的课程。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：几十年来，学校教育过于强调考试成绩，而忽视了孩子个人发展的其他方面，如体育教育和基本生活技能。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写动词作谓语。句中for decades意为“几十年来”，表示的是从过去到现在，为现在完成时的时间标志，句中的school education为单数。故填写has laid。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处应该填写形容词作定语修饰development。person为名词，意为“个人”，其形容词为personal，意为“个人的”，符合句意。故填personal。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：很多年轻人不能做一顿简单的饭。设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据句意，此处表示的是“不能做某事”。unable意为“不能的”。符合句意。故填unable。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近公布的义务教育计划中，教育部将“实践活动”与之前的“综合实践”课程分开，成为独立的课程。句中的has separated为谓语动词，设空处应该是用非谓语动词。announce为动词，意为“宣布”，和plan之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词表示被动，同时表示完成。announced意为“被宣布的”，符合句意。故填announced
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。句中separate sth from sth为固定搭配，意为“把…从…分离”，from符合句意。故填from。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在9月份即将到来的新学期，中小学生将会在课程表中发现新的“实践活动”课程。new “practical activities” course 为名词短语，前面需要填写冠词，此处表示特指，故用the。
【47题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：有些人抱怨说，学生的大部分时间和精力可能被占用了，但事实是，学习实用技能是塑造一个人的性格的一个重要因素。occupy为动词，意为“占据，占有”，其和much of pupils' time and energy之间是被动关系，同时该空放于might之后，故应该使用情态动词的被动语态。故填be occupied。
【48题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：同上。设空处置于系动词is之后，引导的是表语从句。that在引导名词性从句的时，在从句中不做成分，无意义，只起到引导作用。故填that。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当年轻人可以通过点击应用程序完成大部分事情的时候，要求他们学习这些东西似乎是不现实的，也是不必要的。句中的may seem为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。require sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“要求某人去做某事”。填to learn。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：但学习如何烹饪两三道菜和设计一个有营养的食谱，是培养孩子的独立性和良好的工作精神的技能。设空处需要填写名词作宾语。dish为可数名词，意为“菜”，根据前文的two or three可知此处应该使用复数。故填dishes。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today, I was walking to work on a busy street. I passed by blind elderly lady sitting in cold wind. Seen her old face and sightless eyes, I stopped immediately. Then I took out some money, bend down to her level and gently pressed them into her hand. The lady slight nodded her head with appreciations. I felt blessed but moved on. This small interaction helped with me understand the meaning of giving. How a blessing it is to be kindness to those in need.
【答案】1. by后加a
2. Seen→Seeing
3. bend→bent
4. them→it
5. slight→sightly
6. appreciations→appreciation
7. but→and
8. 去掉with
9. How→What
10. kindness→kind
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述是作者在上班的路上帮助一个老人的经历。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：我路过一位坐在寒风中失明的老妇人。句中elderly lady为可数名词，在文中第一次出现，应用不定冠词泛指，且blind 发音以辅音音素开头，故在by后加a。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：看到她苍老的脸和失明的眼睛，我立刻停了下来。句中see和I之间是主动关系，且表示伴随。故应该使用现在分词作状语。故将Seen改为Seeing。
3.考查时态。句意：然后我拿出一些钱，弯下腰，轻轻地把钱塞到她手里。整篇文章描述的是过去发生的事情，故使用一般过去时。句中bend为动词原形。故将bend改为bent。
4.考查代词。句意：同上。此处的代词指代的是money，money是不可数名词。故将them改为it。
5.考查副词。句意：那个老妇人微微点了点头，表示感激。句中slight为形容词，意为“轻轻的”，句中应该使用副词修饰动词nod。故将slight改为slightly。
6.考查名词的数。句意：同上。句中appreciation为不可数名词，意为“感激”，故将appreciations改为appreciation。
7.考查连词。句意：我感到很开心，然后继续前行。根据句意，句中的felt blessed和moved on之间是并列关系，故应该使用and连接。故将but改为and。
8.考查动词。句意：这个小小的互动让我明白了给予的意义。句中的help为及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语me，不需要接介词with。故将with删除。
9.考查感叹句。句意：善待那些需要帮助的人是多么的幸福啊！根据句子结构可知，句中是对名词 a blessing进行感叹，故应该使用感叹句引导词what。该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故将How改为What。
10.考查形容词。句意：同上。根据句子结构，句中应该使用形容词作表语，be kind to sb对某人友善。故将kindness改为kind。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华。某英文报正面向高二学生举办题为“Hello, Senior Three!”的征文比赛。请从以下几个方面谈谈你对高三的想法。
1．学习方面；
2．生活方面；
3．自我期望。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello, Senior Three!
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【答案】Hello, Senior Three!
Hello, everyone! It is my great honor to offer my thoughts about Senior Three. As far as I am concerned, there are several important aspects that you need to focus on throughout the last year of your senior high school life.
First of all, every second counts for Senior Three students. Setting a future goal helps you keep focused and stick to what really matters. Secondly, as our school life is becoming more and more challenging, not only must you work hard to acquire as much knowledge as possible, but you also have to foster efficient and effective learning methods and habits. What’s more, getting actively involved in class and reviewing what has been taught after class are really beneficial to you. Last but not least, working out every day and having a balanced diet can ensure your health.
I believe we all can achieve our dreams as long as we make enough preparations.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。某英文报正面向高二学生举办题为“Hello, Senior Three!”的征文比赛。请从以下几个方面谈谈你对高三的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
方面：aspect→perspective
关注：focus on→concentrate on
坚持：stick to→persist in
参与：get involved in→take part in
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First of all, every second counts for Senior Three students. Setting a future goal helps you keep focused and stick to what really matters.
拓展句：First of all, since every second counts for Senior Three students, setting a future goal helps you keep focused and stick to what really matters.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As far as I am concerned, there are several important aspects that you need to focus on throughout the last year of your senior high school life. (运用了定语从句)
[高分句型2] Setting a future goal helps you keep focused and stick to what really matters. (运用了动名词作主语)
听力答案：1—5 ABCBC 6—10 ACCBB 11—15 CACCB 16—20 ABABA