2021-2022学年江苏省南京市中华中学高二下学期开学考英语试卷含解析

展开

这是一份2021-2022学年江苏省南京市中华中学高二下学期开学考英语试卷含解析，共27页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年江苏省南京市中华中学高二下学期开学考英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Hiring Now
Copy Editor
Location:Beijing, China
Contract Length: Minimum 12-month commitment
CGTN Digital is seeking an experienced copy editor to join its growing team of devoted, passionate journalists in Beijing. The ideal candidate will have experience working accurately and carefully, in a fast-paced news environment. They will be positive, energetic and totally committed to the highest journalistic standards. They will also have the ability to read and edit scripts (讲稿）critically; make edits consistent with CGTN's one and accuracy; and spot spelling, punctuation, grammar, and syntax(句法）mistakes consistently.
●Edit existing news content
●Repurpose existing content for various online platforms
●Work together with other journalists
●Have an interest in international and Chinese news
Minimum Qualifications
●At least 3+ years of relevant experience in editing and fact-checking
●Native-level knowledge of the English language
●An eye for detail and ability to produce spotless copy
●Ability to multitask and work as a team player
●University degree
Apply by sending a CV and a detailed cover letter, including your current and expected salary, along with any relevant work samples by e-mail to: cgtndigital @cgtn.com.
1. What aspects does CGTN Digital focus on while choosing a copy editor?
A. Individualism and interest.
B. Nationality and ability.
C. Age and gender.
D. Experience and competence.
2. Which of the following basic requirements should job applicants meet?
A. Little experience in correcting mistakes.
B. Native-level fluency in the English language.
C. Ability to spot mistaken details in the copy.
D. Competence to perform a single task independently.
3. What should an applicant offer when applying for this job?
A. A brief cover letter.
B. A self-introduction video.
C. Work samples related to this job.
D. Current and expected bonus.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。这是一则CGTN Digital招聘文字编辑的启事，其中包括招聘的时间、工作地点以及招聘要求等内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“CGTN Digital is seeking an experienced copy editor to join its growing team of devoted, passionate journalists in Beijing.”“CGTN Digital正在寻找一位经验丰富的文字编辑来加入在北京不断壮大的敬业、热情的记者队伍。”以及“They will also have the ability to read and edit scripts critically”“他们还将具有批判性阅读和编辑脚本的能力”可知，CGTN Digital在选择文字编辑时关注经验和能力。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“…spot spelling, punctuation, grammar, and syntax mistakes consistently.”“……能始终如一地发现拼写、标点，语法和句法错误。”以及Minimum Qualifications表格中的“An eye for detail and ability to produce spotless copy”“对细节有敏锐的洞察力，能够制作出毫无瑕疵的作品”可知，求职者应该满足能够发现稿件中错误细节的基本要求。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Apply by sending a CV and a detailed cover letter, including your current and expected salary, along with any relevant work samples by e-mail to: cgtndigital @cgtn.com.”“通过邮件cgtndigital @cgtn.com发送简历和详细的求职信，包括你目前和预期的薪水，以及任何相关的工作样本”可知，求职者在申请这份工作时应该提供与这项工作相关的工作样本。故选C项。
B
Veronica Vorobet learned about caring in her home country of Romania by nursing her grandparents. In 2013 after their deaths, she moved to England to find a job using the freedom provided by EU (European Union)membership.
Vorobet, 36, is one of a quarter of a million care workers who are not UK citizens, a rising percentage of whom have come from the EU in recent years.They have become an essential part of a low-paid workforce that is constantly understaffed(人手不足的），with about 120,000 unoccupied positions.
Yesterday, she expressed disappointment with the announcement that there would be no special treatment for carers coming into the UK after Brexit -British exit from the EU.
“I want to see people treated the way I want to be treated and to make a difference in people's lives, making a feeling of home for everyone,” she told the Guardian. “The foreign workers are important in this. They are able to work under a lot of stress and long hours. In my country we are very close to our elderly people and that is what we show here. We try to be close to them and respect their wishes."
She said her approach was to treat residents as if they were her own grandparents and provide similar levels of “support and love.” When she arrived in the UK, Vorobet started as a junior care worker on minimum wage in a home for older people in Petersfield, Hampshire. Seven years on and having studied for an NVQ in health and social care, she is a deputy(副的) care manager at St Anthony's residential care home in Watford, part of RMD Care. There she works alongside other Romanian people, and care workers from Indian, Sri Lanka and Kenya.
Her most recent trial has been keeping coronavirus(冠状病毒）out of the home, so far successfully. She said that given the difficulty of taking on care workers, European workers have helped create stability in the workforce. Staff turnover rates in adult social care currently stand at about 30% a year.
“The government should do their research and find out who does these jobs and understand the risk of taking this decision. The risk is that there won't be enough staff to look after the people in need," she said.
4. Why does the author mention “with about 120,000 unoccupied positions" in Paragraph 2?
A. To predict the future workforce in the UK.
B. To highlight the current situation of the UK.
C. To show the importance of foreign carers in the UK.
D. To reveal foreign carers' determination to stay in the UK.
5. What does Vorobet think of foreign carers in the UK?
A. They are hardworking and considerate.
B. They are unwilling to work with a low pay.
C. They work at the risk of being physically abused.
D. They have to leave their countries to seek a fortune.
6. The underlined part “this decision” in the last paragraph refers to the decision that.
A. European workers must be fired soon
B. foreign carers will be treated with a low pay
C. foreign carers in the UK will be given no particular treatment
D. the British government bans European workers from finding jobs in England
7. What's the main purpose of this passage?
A. To introduce Vorobet, a woman from UK.
B. To present the current situation of the EU carers.
C. To reveal the problems of the UK after Brexit.
D. To predict the future workforce in the UK.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过一位女护工的经历以及介绍，向我们描述了从欧盟到英国的护工的现实情况。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Vorobet, 36, is one of a quarter of a million care workers who are not UK citizens, a rising percentage of whom have come from the EU in recent years.They have become an essential part of a low-paid workforce that is constantly understaffed, with about 120,000 unoccupied positions.”（36岁的Vorobet是25万非英国居民的职业护工中的一位，来自欧盟的职业护工所占百分比最近一直在上升。他们已经成为长期人手不足且低工资劳动力中必不可少的部分，目前仍有120,000个职位，无人从事。）可推知，作者通过列举这些数据说明了来自国外的职业护工的重要性，再通过列举“with about 120,000 unoccupied positions”，这么多无人从事的职位，说明了虽然这些职业护工比重很大，但是还有这么多职位空缺，进一步强调了国外护工的重要性。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段Vorobet所说的话“They are able to work under a lot of stress and long hours. In my country we are very close to our elderly people and that is what we show here. We try to be close to them and respect their wishes.”（他们能够在强压下工作很长时间。在他们自己的国家，他们亲近老人，在这里也是一样。他们努力地亲近老人并且尊重他们的意愿。）可知，Vorobet认为这些护工非常努力工作并且很体贴。故选A项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Yesterday, she expressed disappointment with the announcement that there would be no special treatment for carers coming into the UK after Brexit -British exit from the EU.”（昨天，她表达了对这个公告的失望，公告指出，在英国退出欧盟后，对于来到英国的护工，不会有特殊的待遇。）和最后一段中“The government should do their research and find out who does these jobs and understand the risk of taking this decision. The risk is that there won't be enough staff to look after the people in need”（政府应当研究一下，搞清楚是谁做了这些工作，并且要知道这个决定的风险。风险就是，将没有足够的人员来照看那些需要照顾的人。）可知，这个决定是由政府作出的，并且这个决定会造成劳动力缺失。由此可知，this decision就是上文政府发出的公告，即外来护工不会有特殊待遇。故选C项。

【7题详解】
推理判断题。本文第二段通过列举数据表明了来自欧盟的护工的重要地位。第三段通过政府公告表述了这些护工的待遇。第四，五，六段描述了这些护工的工作情况以及贡献。综上可知，本文主要目的是向我们展示了这些欧盟护工目前的情况。故选B项。
C
Many older people around the world have at least one common concern: How to get younger people, hooked on their electronic devices, interested in classic art. Take the Monkey King, or Sun Wukong, as an example. The main character in the 16th-century classic novel, Journey to the West, is a romantic figure of bravery and adventure that charmed millions of readers before the appearance of online attractions.
Havoc in Heaven, a new Peking Opera film, attracted the wider public to the glamor of the traditional Chinese performance art, featuring one of the best-known chapters from Journey to the West. This film, expected to create a new channel to promote Peking Opera, includes nearly all the key ingredients of Peking Opera. It covers all the basic techniques, more than 10 classic tunes, and makeup for dozens of facial representations of different figures’ characteristics.
It’s actually a big challenge to combine Peking Opera and film, each of which has its own rhythm, according to Cheng Lu, director of the film, who is adopting a fresh approach to present the traditional art form. One challenge that Cheng and his production team faced is how to balance the new approach with maintaining the fundamentals of the art. The basic principles and performance skills in Peking Opera cannot be changed. For example, performances in Peking Opera often emphasize symbolism over the accurate representation of motion. There are never real horses on stage, and the film reflects that. And when Sun Wukong eats peaches, he merely copies the action of eating without taking a bite.
Some background images on stage, such as a painted waterfall, remain, and a live band was on the set to provide sound for the film, rather than employing the pre-recorded music. “If we change traditions to cater to people’s taste and preference for a regular film, it will no longer be a Peking Opera piece of art,” Cheng said.
On the other hand, some creativity was needed because Cheng and his team did not just want to document a stage performance. Computer technology is also applied to achieve some visual effects and to present impossible scenes, such as explosions or the heavenly court floating in the clouds. Also, the filming process leaves no room for actors to make the slightest mistake in front of cameras, such as those that would probably go unnoticed in an opera house.
Peking Opera films played a powerful role in the 1960s and 70s, but their popularity gave way to more diverse entertainment. In recent years, there has been a recovery in the popularity of Peking Opera films. However, the overuse of special effects in many film adaptations of Peking Opera plays has weakened the original charm of the stage performances. The imagination (enabled by the stage) can never be sacrificed for a film’s expression.
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To blame young people addicted to electronic devices.
B. To advertise a new Peking Opera film, Havoc in Heaven.
C. To express older people’s concern about the young generation.
D To arouse readers’ interest in traditional Chinese performance art.
9 What did Director Cheng do while producing the film?
A. He made changes to basic performance skills.
B. He made use of symbols and motions equally.
C. He insisted on a band playing music on the scene.
D. He brought onto the stage exact details of real life.
10. What innovation did Cheng’s team make?
A. They opposed a rigid recording of the performance.
B. They enriched visual effects with modern technology.
C. They allowed actors to repeat actions before the camera.
D. They adopted real explosion scenes during the shooting.
11. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A. Imagination is a unique charm of Peking Opera films.
B. Technology makes up for the loss of stage imagination.
C. There is some possibility for a film to replace Peking Opera.
D. The original charm of Peking Opera cannot be sacrificed for films.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一部京剧电影《大闹天宫》，它将中国传统表演艺术京剧和电影结合在一起，应用了科技创新，同时保留了京剧的原始魅力。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。文章第一段主要介绍了世界上的老年人都希望年轻人不要沉迷于电子设备，应该多关注古典艺术，并举出中国名著《西游记》为例。根据文章第二段第一句“Havoc in Heaven, a new Peking Opera film, attracted the wider public to the glamor of the traditional Chinese performance art, featuring one of the best-known chapters from Journey to the West.”（一部新的京剧电影《大闹天宫》以《西游记》中最著名的章节之一为主线，吸引了更多的观众欣赏中国传统表演艺术的魅力。）可知，下文主要是通过介绍京剧电影《大闹天宫》，来展现中国传统表演艺术的魅力。由此可推断出，文章第一段的目的是激发读者对中国传统表演艺术的兴趣。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Some background images on stage, such as a painted waterfall, remain, and a live band was on the set to provide sound for the film, rather than employing the pre-recorded music.”（舞台上的一些背景图像，如一个彩绘的瀑布，仍然保留下来，现场乐队为电影提供声音，而不是使用预先录制的音乐。）可知，在这部电影中，用现场乐队为电影提供声音，而不是使用预先录制的音乐。由此可知，郑导演在制作这部电影时坚持用乐队在现场演奏音乐。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“On the other hand, some creativity was needed because Cheng and his team did not just want to document a stage performance. Computer technology is also applied to achieve some visual effects and to present impossible scenes, such as explosions or the heavenly court floating in the clouds.”（另一方面，需要一些创造力，因为郑和他的团队不只是想记录一场舞台表演。计算机技术也被用于实现一些视觉效果和呈现不可能的场景，例如爆炸或漂浮在云中的天庭。）可知，在这部电影中，郑和他的团队也有一些创新，他们用计算机技术实现一些视觉效果和呈现不可能的场景。由此可知，郑和他的团队所做的创新是用现代技术丰富了视觉效果。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“However, the overuse of special effects in many film adaptations of Peking Opera plays has weakened the original charm of the stage performances. The imagination (enabled by the stage) can never be sacrificed for a film’s expression.”（然而，许多京剧的改编电影中对特效的过度使用，削弱了舞台表演的原有魅力。想象力（由舞台赋予的）永远不能因电影的表达而牺牲。）可知，传统舞台表演的想象力永远不能因电影的表达而牺牲，京剧是传统舞台表演的形式。由此可推断出，从最后一段我们可以得知，京剧的原始魅力不能为电影而牺牲。故选D项。
D
Data collected by the World Food Program shows that every year over 847 million people worldwide suffer from malnutrition and about 3.1 million children under the age of 5 die of starvation.
While dealing with world hunger is an important thing for scientists, it is not easy, considering natural resources. But thanks to new ideas like Livingbox, there may be some hope.
The Israeli scientists Nitzan Solan and Moti Cohen say Livingbox is an environment-friendly ecosystem made of some connected boxes to form a mini-farm. This means that the vegetables are grown in water instead of soil.
While professional farmers have been doing that for years, Livingbox is the first system built to gain nutrients from common waste. Better yet, it can run without electricity and requires no farming skills to keep. This means that city people who cannot get fresh vegetables can use Livingbox to grow vegetables.
It is easy for all farmers to set up the boxes. Then they fill them with fresh water and add the required seeds. As soon as they add one or all three types of waste, the system will self-produce the nitrogen needed for the plants to take root.
Those that use fish waste have a double advantage — they can cultivate both fish and vegetables at the same time. The fish can provide the waste needed for the plants to grow, while the plants naturally filter the water and help keep a clean home for the fish.
Once the vegetables are ready to pick, farmers simply harvest them and begin the cycle all over again. While the 15-square foot box provides enough vegetables for a family of four, it is easy to make a larger Livingbox in order to build larger farms.
The one thing that can prevent Livingbox from being used in developing countries is the cost. However, some businessmen with several non-profit organizations have promised to keep it affordable, so that poor people living in cities of developing countries can get the chance to eat nutritious food.
12. Why do scientists find it hard to solve world hunger?
A. Because it needs a lot of money to solve the problem.
B. Because there are too many people are starving in the world.
C. Because the population grows rapidly and there are not enough resources.
D. Because most of the natural resources have been damaged.
13. What do we know about Livingbox?
A. It is not harmful to the environment.
B It is made of boxes filled with rich soil.
C. It requires electricity.
D. It requires farmers to learn some special skills.
14. Livingbox is designed to _________.
A. help developing countries become rich
B. get rid of the waste produced by animals
C. get clean water for people living in cities
D. let poor people living in cities get fresh vegetables
15. From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that __________.
A. farmers can use the boxes again
B. it will not cost much money to build Livingbox
C. Livingbox has been built by businessmen in the world
D. Livingbox has become popular in developing countries
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。为了解决世界饥饿问题，科学家们发现了一种可以重复种植蔬菜的经济实用的盒子，名叫Livingbox。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While dealing with world hunger is an important thing for scientists, it is not easy, considering natural resources. (虽然对科学家来说，解决世界饥饿问题是一件重要的事情，但考虑到自然资源，这并不容易)”可知，因为人口增长迅速，自然资源不足，所以科学家们认为解决世界饥饿问题很难。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Israeli scientists Nitzan Solan and Moti Cohen say Livingbox is an environment-friendly ecosystem made of some connected boxes to form a mini-farm. (以色列科学家Nitzan Solan和Moti Cohen表示，Livingbox是一种环保的生态系统，由一些相互连接的盒子组成一个迷你农场)”可知，Livingbox对环境无害。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This means that city people who cannot get fresh vegetables can use Livingbox to grow vegetables. (这意味着无法得到新鲜蔬菜城市居民可以使用Livingbox种植蔬菜)”可知，Livingbox被设计用来让住在城市里的穷人得到新鲜的蔬菜。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“Once the vegetables are ready to pick, farmers simply harvest them and begin the cycle all over again. (一旦蔬菜可以采摘了，农民就会直接收割，然后开始再次循环利用)”可知，农民可以重复使用这种盒子。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? _____16_____
Voice assistants are programs on digital devices that listen and respond to verbal (口头的) commands. Users can say, "What's the weather like?" and the voice assistant will answer with the weather report for that day and location. They could say, "Tell me a story," and the assistant will jump into a tale. But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? _____17_____
It all starts with a signal word. Have you ever called a friend's name to get their attention? Users say the names of their voice assistants for the same reason. They might say. "Hey Siri!" or simply, "Alexa!" _____18_____ It signals to the voice assistant that it should begin paying attention.
After the voice assistant hears its signal word, it starts recording. The device waits for a pause to know you've finished your request. It then sends your recorded request over the Internet to its database. Once in the database, your request is compared to other requests. _____19_____ The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant. Once it receives the commands, the voice assistant knows what to do next.
Voice assistants are improving all the time. Have you ever asked a voice assistant for something and received results you didn't expect? _____20_____ That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time.
A. The battle for voice assistant market share is fierce.
B. Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device.
C. The answer is less complicated than you might think.
D. Voice assistants are inside smart speakers in our homes.
E. Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake.
F. Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything.
G. It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语音助手的工作原理。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? (你跟Siri聊过吗?你让谷歌播放你最喜欢的歌曲吗?你有没有让Alexa点披萨当晚餐?)”可知，语音助理可以帮助做很多事情，正好引出下文的内容。下文说语音助理是如何帮助我们做事情的。所以选择项F“Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything.(今天的语音助手几乎可以帮助你解决任何问题。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? (但是语音助手是如何理解我们的呢?一套复杂的密码系统?一个真实的人在电话那头听吗?)”可知，下面是对这一系列问题的回答。所以选择项C“The answer is less complicated than you might think. (答案并没有你想象的那么复杂。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“It all starts with a signal word.( 这一切都始于一个信号词。)”和整个段落可知，本段都在说信号。所以选择项B“Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device. (不管信号字是什么，它都会唤醒设备。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“signal word”与首句中的“signal word”相一致。故选B。
【19题详解】
本段主要是描述语音助理是如何处理命令的。根据后句“The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant.(然后数据库将这些命令发送回语音助手。)”可知，命令被拆分，从而使语音助理能够理解。所以选择项G“It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand. (它被分成你的语音助手可以理解的不同命令。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“commands”与后句中的“commands”相一致。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time. (这会告诉设备，它从数据库接收到的命令是错误的。它与数据库进行沟通，并试图在下一次做得更好。)”可知，这里主要讲语音助理是如何改正错误的。所以选择项E“Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake. (每次发生这种情况，语音助手都会从错误中吸取教训。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“its mistake”与后句文的“its database was wrong”相一致。故选E。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I went to a New York Mets fantasy camp in 1991, and I was fortunate to be on a team for a week whose pitching(投球) coach was famous Mel Stottlemyre.Mel was wonderful to all of us___21___ ballplayers throughout the week.He was warm and ___22___，treating us as if we were major leaguers.
At last，Mel___23___ the job at the Mets and became the coach for the Yankees.I followed his___24___and knew about his diagnosis(诊断)of a blood cancer in 2000.Luckily，a suitable ___25___appeared during a championship run，so he took ___26___ from the Yankees to undergo a stem cell transplant(干细胞移植)．
In 2002, I was ___27___ by desperation because I was diagnosed with the same disease and needed a stem cell transplant too.I was in a very ___28___ need to speak to Mel，but I had lost ___29___ with him.One day，my phone rang.It was Mel.He explained ___30___ his experience of having the transplant to me—for all of an hour.I ___31___ every word.“I feel great，so I’m not ___32___，” he told me.At last，he ended the ___33___ by giving me his home phone number！This unbelievable experience ___34___ my spirits.Every time I saw Mel during games on TV as I ___35___ for my transplant，I repeated to myself，“Look at Mel.I’ll ___36___.”
The great news is that my doctors told me my ___37___ went into remission(缓解) thanks to the successful transplant—and it has been ___38___ for 15 years.Since then，I have spoken to many ___39___ with the same problem.I have been glad to ___40___ Mel to share what he did for me.
21. A. major B. native C. raw D. dynamic
22. A. easygoing B. faultfinding C. farseeing D. hardworking
23. A. landed B. considered C. offered D. quit
24. A. guide B. advice C. career D. order
25. A. donor B. position C. program D. coach
26. A. advantage B. action C. leave D. service
27. A. controlled B. frightened C. awaken D. overcome
28. A. instant B. unusual C. growing D. continual
29. A. confidence B. contact C. patience D. restriction
30. A. anxiously B. cautiously C. humorously D. detailedly
31. A. referred to B. looked through C. drank in D. left out
32. A. recovering B. retiring C. competing D. compromising
33. A. appreciation B. presentation C. suggestion D. conversation
34. A. lifted B. broke C. relieved D. beat
35. A. waited B. applied C. wished D. searched
36. A. chance it B. make it C. get it D. catch it
37. A. desperation B. pain C. treatment D. condition
38. A. absent B. stable C. effective D. complete
39. A. players B. surgeons C. patients D. friends
40. A. inspire B. copy C. invite D. assist
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者以前在棒球队时曾得到明星教练 Mel Stottlemyre的鼓励和照顾。后来，作者身患重病，又有幸得到 Mel 的鼓励和安慰。手术成功后，作者立志做一个像 Mel 教练那样的人，带给人们鼓励和希望。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个星期，Mel 对我们所有新手球员都很好。A. major主要的，重要的；B. native本地的，当地的；C. raw没有经验的，工作生疏的；D. dynamic充满活力的。根据上文的“I was fortunate to be on a team for a week”和下文的“treating us as if we were major leaguers”可推知，作者有幸参加一个球队，教练像对待主力队员一样对待他们，所以此处指新手球员。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mel 既热心又平易近人，把我们当主力队员一样对待。A. easygoing随和的，容易相处的；B. faultfinding挑剔的；C. farseeing有远见的；D. hardworking努力工作的。根据上文的“I was fortunate”、“He was warm”和下文的“treating us as if we were major leaguers”可知，此处指 Mel 既热心又平易近人，把我们当主力队员一样对待。easygoing随和的，符合语境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，Mel辞去在Mets队的工作，成为Yankees队的一名教练。A. landed着陆；B. considered考虑；C. offered提供；D. quit离开，辞职。根据下文 Mel 成为洋基队的教练可知，Mel最终辞去了Mets队的教练工作。quit 离开(工作职位、学校等)，符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我关注着他的事业，并了解到他在2000年被诊断为血癌。A. guide指南，向导；B. advice建议；C. career生涯，职业；D. order命令，顺序。根据语境可推知，上文讲述了Mel的职业变动，作者一直关注Mel的事业，所以才得知他患病的消息。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一位合适的捐赠者出现了，所以他从Yankees 队休假去接受干细胞移植。A. donor捐赠者；B. position职位；C. program程序，节目；D. coach教练。根据下一句“…to undergo a stem cell transplant”可知，此处指一位合适的干细胞捐赠者出现了，所以Mel从洋基队请假接受干细胞移植。donor捐赠者，符合语境。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一位合适的捐赠者出现了，所以他从Yankees 队休假去接受干细胞移植。A. advantage优势，有利条件；B. action行动；C. leave休假，许可；D. service服务。根据空后“…to undergo a stem cell transplant”可知，此处指他休假去接受干细胞移植手术，take leave休假，告别，辞别，符合语境。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2002年，我被绝望困扰，因为我被诊断出患有同样的疾病，也需要干细胞移植。A. controlled控制；B. frightened使害怕，受惊吓；C. awaken(使)醒来，唤醒；D. overcome克服，深受影响。根据下文“because I was diagnosed with the same disease”可知，身患重病让作者被绝望困扰。overcome受到……的极大影响，符合语境。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我急需和Mel说话，但是我与他失去了联系。A. instant立即的，立刻的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. growing增长的；D. continual持续的。根据上文“needed a stem cell transplant too”和Mel曾经接受过干细胞移植手术可知，作者应是急需跟Mel对话。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我急需和Mel说话，但是我与他失去了联系。A. confidence自信；B. contact联系，联络；C. patience耐心；D. restriction限制，规定。根据“need to speak to Mel”及转折词but可知，此处指作者与他失去了联系，lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他向我详细解释了他的移植经历——花了整整一个小时。A. anxiously不安地，忧虑地；B. cautiously慎重地，谨慎地；C. humorously幽默地，滑稽有趣地；D. detailedly详细地。根据破折号后“for all of an hour”可知，他花了足足1个小时解释了他的移植手术经历，所以他对作者解释得很详细。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仔细倾听他说的每一句话。A. referred to参考，查阅；B. looked through浏览，快速查看；C. drank in尽情地欣赏，享受地看(听，感觉，嗅)；D. left out遗漏。根据上文作者想和Mel对话可知，此处指仔细听他说话，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我：“我身体很好，所以我不会退休。”A. recovering痊愈；B. retiring退休；C. competing竞争；D. compromising妥协，折中。根据上文“I feel great”和下文“I saw Mel during games on TV”可知，Mel 在此处表示他身体很好，不会退休。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他给了我他家里的电话号码，结束了这场交谈。A. appreciation感激，欣赏；B. presentation演出；C. suggestion建议；D. conversation 交谈，会话。上文提到Mel给作者打电话，所以此处指结束这场交谈，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次令人难以置信的经历使我精神振奋。A. lifted举起，（精神）振奋；B. broke打破；C. relieved解除，减轻；D. beat打败。根据上文“This unbelievable experience”和下文作者告诉自己的话可知，Mel跟作者的谈话让作者精神振奋。lift sb.’s spirits振奋某人的情绪。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在等待移植时，每次在电视上的比赛中看到Mel，我都对自己说：“看看 Mel。我会成功的。”A. waited等待；B. applied申请；C. wished希望；D. searched搜寻。根据下文“thanks to the successful transplant”可知，作者此时是在等待移植，故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：我在等待移植时，每次在电视上的比赛中看到Mel，我都对自己说：“看看 Mel。我会成功的。”A. chance it冒险；B. make it获得成功，度过难关；C. get it明白；D. catch it受罚。结合语境可知，作者是以 Mel为榜样鼓励自己，所以此处指“我会成功的”，故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，因为移植手术的成功，我的病情得到了缓解——而且它稳定了15年。A. desperation绝望；B. pain痛苦；C. treatment治疗；D. condition条件，情况。根据“thanks to the successful transplant”可知，由于成功的移植手术，作者的病情有所缓解，故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，因为移植手术的成功，我的病情得到了缓解——而且它稳定了15年。A. absent不在场的；B. stable稳定的；C. effective有效的；D. complete完全的。结合语境可知，作者成功做了移植手术，病情缓解并稳定了15年，故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我和许多患同样疾病的病人交谈过。A. players运动员；B. surgeons外科医生；C. patients病人；D. friends朋友。根据“with the same problem”可知，作者是和患同样疾病的病人交谈，故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴效仿Mel来分享他为我做的事情。A. inspire鼓舞，激励；B. copy效仿，复制；C. invite邀请；D. assist帮助。根据上一句提到“作者和很多患有同样疾病的人交谈”可知，此处指作者很高兴能效仿Mel来激励他人。故选B项。
【点睛】
第二节短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。
Virtual doctor app Babylon Health _____41_____(accidental) showed users videos of other patients' consultations with their doctors, _____42_____ are strictly confidential. The event appeared after a U.K. user said they were able to access dozens _____43_____ videos of other patients' sessions. An investigation by Babylon revealed that a software error was to blame as opposed to a cyberattack.
The London set-up that _____44_____(value) at $2 billion last August, said it has fixed the problem and informed the Information Commissioner's Office(ICO), the U.K. data regulator.
____45____(found)in 2013 by Dr. Ali Parsa, Babylon has built an app that ____46____(allow) people to make video calls to doctors and other healthcare professionals, and get an electronic prescription. It has around 5.6 million users worldwide, with over 2.3 million of those based in the U.K. Babylon said it takes security very seriously and ____47____ it has contacted the affected patients to apologize. “On the afternoon of Tuesday June we ____48____(identify) and resolved the issue within two hours,” a Babylon spokesperson said.
“People's medical data is highly sensitive information, not only do people expect it ____49____(handle) carefully and securely, organizations also have a(n)_____50_____(responsible) under the law,” an ICO spokesperson said. “Babylon Health contacted the ICO regarding the incident and advice was provided.”
【答案】41. accidentally
42. which 43. of
44. was valued
45. Founded
46. allows 47. that
48. identified
49. to be handled
50. responsibility
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。虚拟医生应用程序Babylon Health不小心向用户展示了其他患者与医生会诊的视频，这些视频是严格保密的。文章介绍了Babylon的一些背景知识以及它对这一事件的做法。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：虚拟医生应用程序Babylon Health不小心向用户展示了其他患者与医生会诊的视频，这些视频是严格保密的。修饰后文动词show应用副词accidentally，作状语。故填accidentally。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：虚拟医生应用程序Babylon Health不小心向用户展示了其他患者与医生会诊的视频，这些视频是严格保密的。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词users videos，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：此前，一位英国用户表示，他们能够访问其他患者的数十个疗程的视频。结合句意表示“数十个”短语为dozens of。故填of。
【44题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：这家去年8月估值20亿美元的伦敦机构表示，它已经解决了这个问题，并通知了英国数据监管机构信息专员办公室。根据后文last August可知用一般过去时，且此处为定语从句修饰先行词set-up，先行词在从句中作主语，与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，应用单数。故填was valued。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2013年，由Dr. Ali Parsa创立的Babylon开发了一款应用程序，可以让人们与医生和其他医疗专业人士视频通话，并获得电子处方。分析句子结构可知found在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Babylon构成被动关系，故应用过去分词，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Founded。
【46题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：2013年，由Dr. Ali Parsa创立的Babylon开发了一款应用程序，可以让人们与医生和其他医疗专业人士视频通话，并获得电子处方。此处为定语从句修饰先行词app，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致，且从句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填allows。
【47题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：Babylon表示，他们非常重视安全问题，已经与受影响的患者进行了联系并道歉。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that；且and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，后面的that不能省。故填that。
【48题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：一位Babylon发言人表示：“6月周二下午，我们在两小时内发现并解决了这个问题”。根据上文“On the afternoon of Tuesday June”可知应用一般过去时。故填identified。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：ICO发言人说：“人们的医疗数据是高度敏感的信息，人们不仅希望它得到谨慎和安全的处理，根据法律，组织也有责任”。分析句子结构可知handle在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处为不定式作宾补，且it与handle构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式。故填to be handled。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：ICO发言人说：“人们的医疗数据是高度敏感的信息，人们不仅希望它得到谨慎和安全的处理，根据法律，组织也有责任”。空处作宾语，表示“责任”应填名词responsibility，表抽象概念，不可数。故填responsibility。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分15分）
51. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack在“汉语桥”（Chinese Bridge Competition）中文比赛中获得一等奖。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 肯定Jack付出的努力；
3. 赠送中国四大名著小说。
注意：
1. 词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jack,
Knowing that you won first prize in the Chinese Bridge Competition, I feel very delighted. Congratulations to you.
As is known to all, Chinese is one of the most difficult languages to learn. It’s really amazing for a foreigner to learn and speak Chinese so well. Since skill comes only with practice, patience, and persistence, you must have made great efforts to make it. How great you are! I have already delivered a set of China’s four great classic novels to you. I hope it can be of some help to you in learning Chinese.
I’m looking forward to your greater progress in the future.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Jack写一封邮件，祝贺他在“汉语桥”（Chinese Bridge Competition）中文比赛中获得一等奖，同时肯定他付出的努力并赠送中国四大名著小说。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted →happy
寄、送：delivered → sent
努力做：make great efforts to do → do your best to do
有帮助的：be of some help → be helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that you won first prize in the Chinese Bridge Competition, I feel very delighted.
拓展句：Because I know you won first prize in the Chinese Bridge Competition, I feel very delighted.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s really amazing for a foreigner to learn and speak Chinese so well.（运用了it 做形式主语）
【高分句型2】Since skill comes only with practice, patience, and persistence, you must have made great efforts to make it.（运用了since引导状语从句）
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
An anxious call came into Jimmy Gilleece’s bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at the bar, couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit cards, or $150 in cash—but her wedding ring was inside.
Gilleece didn’t like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours looking through security-camera videos, watching the woman’s every step in the bar until she went to sit on a chair outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, slipped something into his pocket, and walked off. Gilleece posted a clip (剪辑) on the bar’s Facebook page. “I didn’t want to punish him,” he said. “I just asked if anybody knew who the guy was.”
Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Prather, who admitted having taken the wallet and told Gilleece he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake(假的), so he took the money and threw the wallet off the dock (码头) into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.
Gilleece, unsure whether he believed Prather, told the teen to meet him at the dock, where they got talking and Prather revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and had been living in the woods for a week. Judging from Prather’s small body and red cheeks, Gilleece saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a criminal.
But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing charges. “He would be going to big boy prison. I have to help him somehow,” Gilleece thought.
Para. 1：Gilleece paid two divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2: Then suddenly a diver came up to the surface of the water.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Gilleece paid two divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet. A crowd gathered, excitedly watching the two divers searching in the strong current. Nearby, two policemen were also waiting. More than an hour passed but there was no sign of the ring. The crowd gradually got impatient, starting to talk noisily. Gilleece grew increasingly worried, especially when the policemen began questioning Prather, attempting to get him to admit keeping the ring. Each passing minute increased the chance that they would arrest the young man.
Then suddenly a diver came up to the surface of the water. In his hand was the wallet and inside was the ring. Loud cheers erupted from the crowd. Gilleece quickly called the wallet’s owner, who was wild with joy and immediately dropped the charges against Prather. With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks, Prather hugged Gilleece tightly, saying “You’ve saved me today. I couldn’t thank you enough!” Prather promised to go back home to join his family. Gilleece’s act of kindness changed a teen’s life.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达考查读后续写。
【详解】写读后续写作文，学生可以按照以下几个步骤进行：
1、仔细研读阅读文章，理清文本脉络要点。读后续写所提供的阅读文章以叙事类文本为主，本文讲述了Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包,钱包里有她最珍视的结婚戒指。Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Prather，但是Prather拿了钱包里的钱，将钱包丢进了海里。Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子,于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指, Prather也被徹销了指控。
2、寻找文本中的未解之谜。内容要创造，语言要模仿，创造与模仿要紧密结合。
3、研读所提供的段首，确定续写方向。要对阅读文章进行续写，必须理清文章的脉络线索，并找出文章中的悬念，然后发挥想象，根据文中线索进行有根据、有逻辑的创造性推测，把故事续写下去。这就要求学生仔细研读文章，在字里行间找出蛛丝马迹。
4、列续写大纲，定故事梗概。同时在续写的过程中，学生要牢记续写的要求，包括字数、卷面整洁程度，甚至拼写和标点符号。
写作时学生一定注意：（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。
【点睛】整篇文章要点明确，分段合理，字数适当，文章逻辑清晰。使用了较多的高级句型： The crowd gradually got impatient, starting to talk noisily.使用了现在分词作状语；Gilleece grew increasingly worried, especially when the policemen began questioning Prather, attempting to get him to admit keeping the ring. 使用了时间状语从句和现在分词；Each passing minute increased the chance that they would arrest the young man.使用了同位语从句。