高中英语2023高考复习易混易错语法填空专项练习（共十篇短文，附参考答案和解析）

这是一份高中英语2023高考复习易混易错语法填空专项练习（共十篇短文，附参考答案和解析），共9页。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
一、
Chinese researchers ①_____ (develp) a rbt designed t help dctrs treat the new crnavirus and ther highly cntagius diseases s far. The machine has a lng rbtic arm attached t a base with wheels. It can perfrm sme f medical examinatin tasks the same ②_____ dctrs.
Cameras recrd the rbt's activities, which ③_____(cntrl) remtely s dctrs can avid ④_____(cme) in clse cntact with infected patients. Dctrs and ther medical wrkers can perate the machine frm a nearby rm r much ⑤_____(far) away.
The rbt's main ⑥_____(design) is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and prfessr at China's Tsinghua University in Beijing. He tld Reuters News Agency that he gt ⑦_____ idea fr the device when the number f cases f the COVID-19 was rising quickly. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new crnavirus.
Zheng said a friend f his is head f Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hspital. He said his friend tld him that ne f the biggest ⑧_____(prblem) in dealing with COVID-19 was ⑨_____ health care wrkers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted t d smething t deal with this situatin.
S the engineers gathered a team and went t wrk n the rbtic device. Zheng said the team was able t cnvert tw rbtic arms. The new rbt is almst ⑩_____(cmplete) autmated. It can even disinfect itself after perfrming actins invlving cntact with patients.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
二、
Ludwig van Beethven ①_____(recgnise) as ne f the greatest cmpsers in the histry f music. ②_____ his twenties, he had been very famus fr his skills n the pian, but then he began t lse his hearing. Despite his deafness, he cntinued his cmpsitin until his death in 1827, ③_____(finish) mre than 130 musical wrks.
One day in February 1824, he sat back in his chair, with his ④_____(nine) symphny finally cmpleted. But befre the perfrmance, he was afraid that it wuld be ⑤_____ disaster because f his hearing lss.
T his surprise, the audience applauded ludly as he walked ut nt the stage. Fr mre than an hur, Beethven jumped abut, waving his arms wildly in the air and madly turning the pages f his scre. The theatre's musical directr, Umlauf std quietly by his side, ⑥_____(skilful) guiding the rchestra thrugh the mst amazing piece f music the wrld had ever knwn.
As the final, ⑦_____(jy) nte signalled the end f the symphny, the audience jumped t their feet, cheering and clapping. But Beethven cntinued cnducting, his head buried in the scre. He didn't realise his symphny was a ⑧_____(succeed) until Carline Unger, ne f the singers, ⑨_____(turn) him t face the audience.
Later, Carline remembered that Beethven was nt the nly ne ⑩_____ gt a surprise. The audience was shcked t.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
三、
Smething is happening t the British. They seem t be develping green fingers! The number f peple grwing their wn fruit and vegetables ①_____(increase) in the past year, accrding t Gardeners' Wrld.
Gardens and private land fr vegetables and fruit acrss the UK have been put t use with peple's ②_____(discver) f the jy f hme-grwn prduce. But nt everyne has space t grw vegetables r flwers. And smetimes a windw bx just isn't enugh fr ③_____ gardening challenge. This is why peple plant flwers r vegetables in public spaces t make them ④_____(green) and mre pleasing t the eye.
Many peple wuld apprve ⑤_____ beautifying twns and cities, but this type f gardening is nt ⑥_____(strict) legal. Therefre, the special gardening ften takes place late at night. But the image f the enthusiastic gardener is nt smene ⑦_____ breaks the law. It is smene wh spends all their time in ⑧_____(greenhuse) and ptting sheds(园圃棚) that knws every aspect f hw t tend and grw the plants.
Yet, despite the increase in peple grwing their wn fd, half f the UK ppulatin ⑨_____(be) still puzzled abut when mst fruit and vegetables are in seasn, accrding t Gardeners' Wrld. It seems that Britain still has a lng way ⑩_____(g) befre being called A Natin f Gardeners.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
四、
The EXPO 2019 is set t shwcase the ①_____(late) trends and achievements in flriculture(花卉栽培), as well as fruit and vegetable fd farming at ②_____ ft f the Great Wall in Yanqing District.
An estimated 16 millin plant visitrs are expected t flck int the capital fr the 162-day event set ③_____(run) frm April 29 t Octber 7. Up t nw, mre than 110 cuntries and internatinal rganizatins, as well as ver 120 nnfficial exhibitrs, ④_____(cnfirm) participatin. This is set t be the highest attendance in the event's histry.
There will be mre than 2,500 cultural activities thrughut the exp ⑤_____ are expected t prmte exchanges and cperatin. The event is genuinely innvatry, ⑥_____(vary) frm the hrticultural sectr(园艺部门) t many ther sectrs, like vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine(中草药). Meanwhile, there will be many high-tech gadgets which will prvide a better range ⑦_____ services, like 5G technlgy.
Accrding t the rganizing cmmittee, the site cnstructin fr the exp has entered the final stage. Interir and exterir ⑧_____(decrate), electrmechanical installatin, and utdr prjects are being finished at the cre venues.
All infrastructure fr 100 indr and utdr gardens at the exhibitin will be finished ⑨_____(cmplete) at the end f March.
This is the secnd time fr China t hld such a high-level hrticulture exp. The first such event ⑩_____(hld) in Kunming, Yunnan prvince in 1999.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
五、
TED Talks are really cl. But d yu knw what TED stands fr and where it cmes frm? In February 1984, a grup f technlgy enthusiasts ①_____(gather) in Mnterey, Califrnia, t share thughts n three subjects—technlgy, ②_____(entertain) and design. It was the start f the acrnym(首字母缩略词) and the rganisatin TED.
Then in 2001, Chris Andersn, ③_____ magazine entrepreneur(企业家) purchased TED thrugh his nn-prfit fundatin frm TED c-funder Richard Saul Wurman. The style f TED then went frm a clsed cnference ④_____ an pen platfrm fr spreading ideas. Indeed the rganisatin's mtt is "Ideas wrth ⑤_____(spread)", and the new website TED.cmmakes that ⑥_____(true) happen.
The rganisatin really didn't assume its current frm and its expansive(广泛的) public ftprint until 2006. In 2006, TED's leadership decided t put its cllectins f ⑦_____(recrd) talks nline fr free. The thinking was ⑧_____ there were limits t hw much impact a talk culd have if its audience was nly a thusand peple, even if thse peple were influential nes. Back then, it ⑨_____(cnsider) a risky and even radical mve. But nw, TED staff members can give a series f 1.9 millin TED Talk vide views a day, 1,600 plus TED Talks nline, 9,000 TED ⑩_____(event) in 157 cuntries.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
六、
"Educatin" is generally defined as the prcess f learning and acquiring infrmatin. Frmal learning in schls r universities ①_____(be) ne f the mst cmmn types, thugh self-teaching and s-called "life experiences" can als qualify. Cmmunities arund the wrld place a high value n educating peple f all ages, ②_____ frmally r infrmally. It is widely believed that cnstant expsure ③_____ new ideas and skills makes peple int better wrkers, thinkers, and scietal ④_____(cntribute).
Mst peple assciate educatin with schls and classrms ⑤_____ trained teachers present infrmatin t students. Classrm learning generally starts when a child is ⑥_____(relative) yung. The purpse f mst classrm learning is nt t prepare a child fr a specific jb, but rather ⑦_____(help) him r her develp critical reasning and thinking skills. Reading, writing, and math are very cmmn lessns fr yung learners. As students prgress in ⑧_____(they) schling, they ften cme int cntact with mre ⑨_____(challenge) subjects like writing, histry, and advanced sciences.
Expsing students t new ideas and essential facts is nly part f mst educatinal gals. Als, students ⑩_____(expect) t retain mst if nt all f the infrmatin that they learn in schl. Teachers and prfessrs cmmnly use exams and graded assignments t assess learning.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
七、
The Art f Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam(新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术) is a ①_____(represent) name f varius kinds f Muqam in Nrthwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autnmus Regin(自治区), ②_____ was declared ne f the UNESCO Masterpieces f the Oral and Intangible Heritage f Humanity in 2005.
Muqam, ③_____(recgnise) as the mther f Uyghur music, is nt nly ④_____ artistic creatin with a lng histry, but als a recrd f ⑤_____(cmmunicate) between China and the regins t the west f it in histry. It can be fund in 19 cuntries and regins in Central, Suth, and West Asia, and Nrth Africa, which is ⑥_____(particular) due t Xinjiang's central lcatin alng the Silk Rad.
In Muqam ensembles(乐团), the lead instruments, called satar, are made frm lcal materials and vary in frm. The dancing skills invlve unique steps, rhythms, and frmatins as well as ⑦_____(figure) such as flwer-picking-by-muth, bwl-carrying-n-head, and imitatin f animals in sl dances.
Since the funding f the Peple's Republic f China in 1949, every pssible means ⑧_____(use) t preserve the Twelve Muqam by the Chinese gvernment. Abut 20 study centres have been set up ⑨_____(train) prfessinal researchers n Muqam. Mrever, the gvernment has intrduced Muqam ⑩_____ the natinal artistic educatin system.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
八、
T ease scial distancing and reduce health risks ①_____(link) t in-persn learning, schl administratrs in many places are getting ②_____ (create) abut finding mre spaces.
In the United States, ③_____ number f schls are establishing utdr classrms and making use f ther empty spaces, like museums. In nrmal times, ④_____ (marry) take place at a large cnventin center in Hesstn, Kansas. Businesses hld training prgrams fr wrkers at the cnventin center. But the building ⑤_____ (use) as a schlhuse fr middle schl students during the last mnths.
Megan Khlman teaches literature and writing inside ne f the rms, with nly a thin piece f plastic ⑥_____ (separate) her class frm a math teacher's space. Fr Khlman, this class is an imprvement frm distance learning last spring. "Everyne just ⑦_____ (hnest) believes in the pwer f having kids with us as much as we can," Khlman said.
Sme educatin leaders say they wish mre schls wuld cnsider different slutins ⑧_____ learning. Jseph Allen is an assciate prfessr at the Harvard T. H. Chan Schl f Public Health in Massachusetts, ⑨_____ believes that mre innvatin is needed in hw schls wrk.
"As fr schling, we seem t be stuck in this clsed mindset where it is either in schls ⑩_____ it is nt ging t happen," Allen said.
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
九、
①_____ majrity f peple suffer frm s-called "Just-me-ism". That is, yu leave the tap ②_____(run) while brushing yur teeth, leave a light n when ging ut r drp a piece f waste and are unwilling t pick it ③_____. It is abslutely wrng, but in yur pinin, it desn't matter if nly ne persn des it and n ne will knw it. But if there are millins f peple ding like this, resurces wuld be wasted and litter wuld be drpped, which ④_____(be) quite harmful t ur envirnment.
Therefre, ⑤_____(encurage) peple t take measures t prtect the envirnment, Rts & Shts ⑥_____(establish) by Jane Gdall. The ⑦_____(rganise) is called Rts & Shts because rts can frm a firm fundatin while seemingly weak shts can break pen brick walls t reach the light. The rts and shts are yu, yur friends and yung peple all arund the wrld, wh can change the wrld int a better place.
Every individual is ⑧_____(value) and useful t the wrld. Every individual can play a rle in ur wrld. It is every individual ⑨_____ matters. Nw yu can make a chice t make a difference t ur envirnment and make Rts & Shts ⑩_____(rt) in everyne's heart!
= 1 \* GB3 ① ② ③ ④
⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
⑨ ⑩
十、
"Nthing can make ur lives, r the lives f ther peple, mre ①_____(please) than kindness." I remembered the sentence again after practicing a small act.
Just inside the entrance f a building tday I saw a wman ②_____(seat) in a wheelchair in frnt f me. Nt ③_____ a hurry, I didn't want t disturb her s I stayed behind. She asked me t push the buttn fr the lift after being aware f my ④_____(present). Walking by her t the lift, I pressed the buttn and the lift came immediately. She asked me t hld the lift as it wuld take her sme time ⑤_____(walk) that shrt distance.
I was mre than glad t d this, but panic ⑥_____(rise) inside me at the same time. The "pen" and "clse" symbls n many lifts ften dn't have the ⑦_____(wrd) "pen" and "clse" and I ften press the wrng buttn. ⑧_____(thankful) besides the symbl, it als said pen, s I was able t press the crrect buttn and tld her t take her time getting n. I didn't press the clse buttn ⑨_____ she steadied herself in the lift.
She thanked me and I wished her a blessed day. As ⑩_____ matter f fact, the prcess tk me nly five minutes but I felt warm inside afterwards.
附：参考答案和解析
一、
答案：①have develped ②as③are cntrlled ④cming⑤farther/further ⑥designer⑦the ⑧prblems⑨that ⑩cmpletely
解析：①由时间状语s far可知, 本句应用现在完成时,主语Chinese researchers为复数概念, 谓语应用复数形式, 故填have develped。
②句意为: 它可以像医生一样执行一些医疗检查任务。the same as...为固定搭配,意为"和一样"。故填as。
③此处为which 引导的非限制性定语从句, 关系代词which指代先行词the rbt's activities, 为复数概念, 作从句的主语, 该空为定语从句中的谓语动词, 谓语动词应用复数形式,且与从句主语为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 并结合语境和主句时态可知, 此处应用一般现在时, 故填are cntrlled。
④avid ding sth为固定用法,意为"避免做某事",故填cming。
⑤由语境及关键词much可知, 此处应用副词的比较级, 表示与前面的a nearby rm相比更远的地方,故填farther/further。
⑥分析句子结构可知, 此处为句子的主语, 且其前有形容词修饰, 应用名词形式; 根据空后的Zheng Gangtie可知, 该空是指这款机器人的主要设计者, 故填designer。
⑦此处特指设计这款机器人的"想法", 应用定冠词修饰限定idea,故填the。
⑧"ne f+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最的之一", 故填prblems。
⑨句意为: 他说, 他朋友告诉他应对新型冠状病毒肺炎最大的问题之一是治疗病人的医护人员自己也会感染病毒。分析句子结构可知, 空后部分为表语从句, 从句中不缺成分, 应用that连接,故填that。
⑩autmated为形容词,意为"自动化的",应用副词修饰, 故填cmpletely。
二、
答案：①is recgnized ②In ③finishing ④ninth⑤a ⑥skilfully⑦jyus/jyful ⑧success⑨turned ⑩wh/that
解析：①recgnise在此是谓语动词,与主语是被动关系, 且此处叙述的是一般性事实,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。
②"in ne's+整十的复数"意为"在某人几十余岁时"。
③finish在此是非谓语动词作状语,与主语he是逻辑上的主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填finishing。
④此处是指他的第九部交响曲, 所以应用序数词。故填ninth。
⑤disaster可作可数名词,此处泛指"一个灾难"。故填a。
⑥设空处修饰现在分词guiding, 作状语, 应用副词形式。故填skilfully。
⑦设空处修饰名词nte, 作定语, 应用形容词, 故填jyus/jyful。
⑧设空处前有不定冠词a修饰, 应用名词单数形式, 故填success。
⑨turn在此是从句谓语动词,与从句主语是主动关系, 依据上下文时态可知, 此处应用一般过去时。故填turned。
⑩_____ gt a surprise在此是定语从句,修饰the nly ne, 先行词指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语, 所以应用关系代词wh/that。
三、
答案：①has increased ②discvery ③a ④greener ⑤f ⑥strictly ⑦wh ⑧greenhuses⑨are/is ⑩t g
解析：①分析句子结构可知,该空为句子谓语, 由时间状语in the past year可知, 本句应用现在完成时, 主语的中心语为The number f, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has increased。
②根据空前的名词所有格peple's和空后的介词f可知, 该空应填名词。此处表示人们对"自家种植的农产品的乐趣的发现", discvery意为"发现"时为不可数名词。故填discvery。
③句意为: 有时一个窗口花坛不足以完成一项园艺挑战。此处泛指"一项挑战",应用不定冠词, 且gardening的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
④由后面的mre pleasing可知, 此处应填形容词的比较级。故填greener。
⑤apprve f为固定搭配,意为"赞成"。故填f。
⑥此处修饰形容词legal, 应用副词。故填strictly。
⑦分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词smene指人, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指人时, 当先行词是ne, anyne或smene等时,关系词只能用wh, 不用that。故填wh。
⑧greenhuse为可数名词,此处无限定词修饰, 应用复数形式,与后面的ptting sheds并列,作介词in的宾语。故填greenhuses。
⑨设空处为句子谓语, half f the UK ppulatin为句子的主语, 指"一半英国人民",谓语动词既可用复数形式也可用单数形式。且此处描述目前的情况, 应用一般现在时。故填are/is。
⑩此处作way的定语, 应用不定式, 表示"还有很长的路要走"。故填t g。
四、
答案：①latest②the ③t run ④have cnfirmed ⑤which/that⑥varying ⑦f⑧decratin ⑨cmpletely⑩was held
解析：①根据空前的the和空后的"trends and achievements"可知, 此处表示"最新的趋势和成就", 表示最高级,故填latest。
②此处考查固定短语at the ft f..., 意为"在下"。
③根据语境可知, 这里用动词不定式表示将来。
④根据前面的时间状语"Up t nw"可知此处应用现在完成时, 且主语为复数,故填have cnfirmed。
⑤分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词"the exp", 从句中缺少主语, 故用which或者that。
⑥分析句子结构可知, 该句主语"The event"和动词vary构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用varying。
⑦根据语境可知, 此处表示"提供一系列更好的服务", a range f(一系列)为固定用法。
⑧根据语境可知, 此处表示"室内外装饰",应用名词, 且decratin作"装饰"讲时为不可数名词, 故填decratin。
⑨修饰前面的动词finished应用副词cmpletely。
⑩根据该句中的时间状语"in 1999"可知, 应用一般过去时; 主语"The first such event"和hld之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
五、
答案：①gathered②entertainment ③a④t ⑤spreading⑥truly ⑦recrded⑧that ⑨was cnsidered ⑩events
解析：①该空为句子谓语,由时间状语In February 1984可知,时态为一般过去时, 该空应填gather的过去式。故填gathered。
②由and前后词性一致可知, 该空应填名词, 与前面的technlgy和后面的design并列。故填entertainment。
③entrepreneur为单数可数名词,此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词修饰,且magazine的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
④为固定搭配,意为"从到"。故填t。
⑤(be) wrth ding...为固定搭配,意为"值得做",故填spreading。
⑥此处修饰动词happen, 应用副词, 故填truly。
⑦空后的talks为名词, 故该空应用非谓语形式作定语, 修饰talks, 而recrd与talks之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。故填recrded。
⑧was为系动词,设空处引导表语从句, 且从句中不缺少成分,所以用that引导该从句。故填that。
⑨设空处为句子谓语, 主语it与cnsider之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态; 根据时间状语Back then可知,时态为一般过去时。it为单数概念,谓语用第三人称单数形式, 故填was cnsidered。
⑩event为可数名词,其前有数量词9,000修饰,应用复数形式。故填events。
六、
答案：①is ②whether ③t ④cntributrs ⑤where ⑥relatively⑦t help ⑧their⑨challenging ⑩are expected
解析：①考查时态和主谓一致。文章的时态是一般现在时, 主语Frmal learning为单数, 故填is。
②考查连词。此处考查固定搭配, 表示"无论是正式的还是非正式的",故填whether。
③考查介词。expsure t为固定表达, 意为"接触到", 故填t。
④考查名词。分析句子结构可知, 空处与前面指人的名词wrkers和thinkers是并列关系, 应用名词复数, 所以填cntributrs(做出贡献的人)。
⑤考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 先行词是表示地点的名词schls and classrms, 空处指代先行词并在从句中做地点状语, 故填where。
⑥考查副词。空处修饰形容词yung, 所以用副词形式relatively。
⑦考查非谓语动词。意为"不是而是", 连接两个并列成分,根据nt后的t prepare可知, 此处填t help。
⑧考查代词。此处修饰名词schling, 应用形容词性物主代词。
⑨考查形容词。此处修饰名词subjects, 应用形容词challenging。
⑩考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本文时态为一般现在时, 此处也应用一般现在时; 此处表示"学生被期望", 应用被动语态;主语students为复数,故填are expected。
七、
答案：①representative ②which③recgnised ④an⑤cmmunicatin ⑥particularly⑦figures ⑧has been used ⑨t train ⑩int
解析：①此处修饰名词name,应用形容词, representative意为"典型的; 有代表性的"。故填representative。
②分析句子结构可知, 该空引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为The Art f Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam, 指物,关系词在从句中作主语, 故用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
③is为本句的谓语动词, 动词recgnise与其之间无连词连接,应用非谓语动词形式作定语, 修饰Muqam, 二者之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填recgnised。
④此处泛指"一种艺术创作", 应用不定冠词;且artistic的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
⑤f为介词, 后面接名词、代词或动名词(短语)作宾语; 设空后为介词短语作定语。由此可知, 该空应填名词。故填cmmunicatin。
⑥此处修饰介词短语due t, 应用副词。故填particularly。
⑦figure为可数名词,在此处意为"花样;舞步"。根据后面such as列举的内容可知, 此处figure表示复数概念, 应用复数形式。故填figures。
⑧根据时间状语Since the funding f the Peple's Republic f China in 1949可知,此处应用现在完成时, 主语every pssible means为第三人称单数, 与动词use之间为被动关系, 故用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been used。
⑨have been set up为本句的谓语,动词train与其之间无连词连接,应用非谓语动词形式; 根据语境可知, "训练专业研究人员"是"建立研究中心"的目的, 故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t train。
⑩为固定搭配,意为"将放进; 添入"。故填int。
八、
答案：①linked② creative③ a④ marriages⑤ has been used⑥separating⑦ hnestly⑧ t⑨ wh⑩ r
解析：①考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作后置定语, link与risks之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用linked。
②考查形容词。根据句意以及前面的"are getting"可知，此处为系表结构，故用形容词形式。
③考查冠词。根据空后的"are"可知，本句的主语是表示复数概念的名词，故用a number f"大量的"。注意:本空不可填the, the number f意为"……的数量"，与文意不符。
④考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作主语，故应用名词形式;再根据谓语动词"take place"可知，空处应用名词复数。注意:marriage表示"婚礼"时，为可数名词。
⑤考查时态和语态。根据时间状语"during the last mnths"可知，此处应用现在完成时,building与use之间是被动关系，故填 has been used。
⑥考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with复合结构，a thin piece f plastic与separate是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
⑦考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词believes,应用副词形式，表示"真的，确实"。
⑧考查介词。slutins t sth.为固定搭配，表示"……的解决办法/处理手段"。
⑨考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代前面的Jseph Allen,故只能填 wh。
⑩考查并列连词。此处表示选择关系，意为学校教育要么发生在学校，要么就不会发生。either…r…"(对两事物的选择）要么……要么……"。
九、
答案：①The②running ③up④is ⑤t encurage ⑥was established ⑦rganisatin ⑧valuable ⑨that/wh ⑩rted
解析：①the majrity f意为"大多数"。
②设空处在此是非谓语动词作宾语补足语, 与其逻辑主语tap之间为主动关系, 应用现在分词。leave sth ding意为"让某物一直处于某种状态"。故填running。
③pick up为固定搭配,意为"捡起"。故填up。
④设空处在此是非限制性定语从句中的谓语, which指代前句的内容, 在从句中作主语, 从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式; 且此处表示的是客观事实,应用一般现在时。故填is。
⑤设空处在此是非谓语动词作目的状语, 所以应用不定式形式。故填t encurage。
⑥设空处在此是谓语动词, 与主语是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 叙述的是过去的动作, 所以应用一般过去时。主语Rts & Shts为单数意义, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式, 故填was established。
⑦设空处位于定冠词The后且在句中作主语, 应用名词形式。故填rganisatin。
⑧此处作表语且与useful并列, 应用形容词。故填valuable。
⑨此处是强调句型, 强调主语every individual, 指人,所以应用that/wh引导剩余部分。
⑩设空处在此是非谓语动词作宾语补足语, 与宾语Rts & Shts是逻辑上的被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式。故填rted。
十、
答案：①pleasant ②seated③in ④presence⑤t walk ⑥rse⑦wrds ⑧Thankfully⑨until ⑩a
解析：①考查形容词。句意:没有什么比善良能使我们的生活或其他人的生活更愉快。根据句意可知, 空处应填形容词pleasant, 意为"令人愉快的"。
②考查非谓语动词。本空提示词seat是使役动词, 表示"使坐下", 这里用过去分词做宾语补足语表示状态。
③考查介词。这里用短语in a hurry表示"赶时间",因此本空填介词in。
④考查名词。根据前面的my可知, 这里填提示词的名词形式presence, 其做宾语意为"在场"。
⑤考查非谓语动词。从句子结构看, 句中为固定句式it takes sb. sme time t d sth., 因此填动词不定式。
⑥考查时态。与全文的叙述一致, 这里讲述过去发生的事, 应用一般过去时。
⑦考查名词的数。根据后面的"pen" "clse"可知, 此处指两个单词, 故用wrd的复数形式。
⑧考查副词。这里用提示词的副词形式做状语, 表示"幸好,幸亏"。
⑨考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 本句是句型,意为"直到才"。
⑩考查冠词。as a matter f fact意为"事实上",为固定结构, 故填不定冠词a。