2020-2022近三年高考英语真题汇编(新高考)专题01 冠词、名词、代词、形容词和副词+答案解析
展开专题1 冠词、名词、代词、介词、形容词和副词
新高考真题全收录—冠词
1.(2022新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2. (2022新高考II卷)___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
答案:The
解析:考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
3(2022年浙江 1月真题)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案:the
解析: 考查冠词。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
4(2021高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!
答案:a
解析:句意为:你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山!泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
5(2021浙江卷)____________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
答案:The
解析:考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
6(2020新课标II卷)The plum trees are ___________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
7(2020浙江卷)Then,with ___________ rise of science,changes began.
答案:the
解析:考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
8(2020年浙江 1月)A child born in the US today has _________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
答案:a
解析:考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
新高考真题全收录—名词
1.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas,
答案:populations
解析:考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2. (2022新高考II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案:son’s
解析:考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
3.(2022年浙江 1月真题)When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ (invite).
答案:invitation
解析:考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。
4.(2021新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are.
答案:humans
解析:考查名词。句意为:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.
5.(2021新高考II卷)A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案:representative
解析:考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
6.(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
答案:marriage
解析:考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
7(2021浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
答案:person’s
解析:考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
8(2020新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists
答案:interest
解析:考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
9(2020新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
答案:celebration
解析:考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
10(2020新课标III卷)Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
答案:curiosity
解析:考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
11(2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the __________ (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案:seasons
解析:考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
12(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
答案:numbers
解析:考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
新高考真题全收录—代词
1(2021新高考I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
答案:mine
解析:句意为:对我来说的确如此。指my memory,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.
2(2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
答案:herself
解析:考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
3(2020新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how __________ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether __________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案:much;its
解析:考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
4(2020年山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
答案:themselves
解析:考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
新高考真题全收录—介词和介词短语
1.(2022新高考I卷)Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案:as
解析:考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
2(2021新高考II卷)A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案:from
解析:考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
3(2021年浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage
答案:for
解析:考查介词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
4.(2021浙江卷1月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men.
答案:by
解析:考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。
5(2020新课标I卷)because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so __________ the familiar near side.
答案:than
解析:考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
6(2020新课标II卷)Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
答案:than
解析:考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
7(2020新课标II卷)Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
答案:with
解析:考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
8(2020新课标III卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _________ earth, Mother Nature.
答案:on
解析:考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
9(2020年浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________ ,through agriculture.
答案:on
解析:考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
10(2020年浙江卷)Farming produced more food per person __________ hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children
答案:than
解析:考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。more… than,意为“比……更”故填than。
11(2020浙江卷1月)This aging of the population is driven ________two factors.
答案:by
解析:考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。
12 (2020年山东卷)Museums must compete ________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
答案:for
解析:考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
新高考真题全收录—形容词和副词
1(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案:eventually
解析:考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
2(2022新高考II卷)They both fell __________ (sleep) while watching TV.
答案:asleep
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
3(2022新高考II卷)When he looked down, he __________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
答案:accidentally
解析:考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
4(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案:roughly
解析:考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
5(2021新高考I卷)It will ___________(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
答案:undoubtedly
解析:考查副词。句意为:它无疑会帮助你恢复精力!修饰动词,所以用副词,故填undoubtedly.
6(2021新高考I卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the___________(hot) the spring!
答案:hotter
解析:考查形容词比较级。句意为:春天的神奇之处在于温度越低,春天就越热!本句为固定句型:the+比较级,the+比较级,表示"越……越……",故填hotter.
7(2021新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________(ache) legs.
答案:aching
解析:考查形容词。句意为:虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故填aching.
8(2021全国高考II卷)I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
答案:harmful
解析:考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
9(2021年浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much __________ (small)than it is today.
答案:smaller
解析:考查形容词。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
10(2021年浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____ _ ___(sharp).
答案:sharply
解析:考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
11(2021年浙江卷1月)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案:lower
解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
12(2020新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.
答案:extremely
解析:考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
13(2020新课标II卷)___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
答案:Certainly
解析:考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
14(2020新课标II卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The___________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
答案:beautiful
解析:考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
15(2020新课标III卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
答案:finest
解析:考查形容词最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
16(2020新课标III卷)As the small boat moved, _________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
答案:gently
解析:考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
17(2020年浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
答案:older
解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
18(2020年浙江卷1月)This is___________(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
答案:particularly
解析:考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
19(2020年山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
答案:wealthy
解析:考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
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