2023年高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练十六含解析

这是一份2023年高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练十六含解析，共12页。
[2022·济南外国语模拟]Jseph Francis Charles Rck (1884－1962) was an Austrian­American explrer, btanist, and anthrplgist (人类学家). Fr mre than 25 years, he travelled extensively thrugh Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan prvinces in China befre finally leaving in 1949.
In 1924, Harvard sent Jseph Francis Rck n a treasure hunt thrugh China's suthwestern prvinces—the Wild West f their day. But gld and silver weren't his task: Rck, a distinguished btanist, sught nly t fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he culd find. During his three­year expeditin, he cllected 20，000 specimens fr the Arnld Arbretum (阿诺德植物园).
Btany, thugh, was just ne f Rck's strengths. As an ethnlgist (民族学者), he tk hundreds f phtgraphs f the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan Prvince, recrding their nw­lst way f life fr bth Harvard and Natinal Gegraphic, and tk ntes fr an eventual 500­page dictinary f their language. His hand­drawn map f his travels thrugh China's “Ch­Ni” territry, in the Harvard Map Cllectin, includes mre than a thusand rivers, twns, and muntains indicated in bth English and Chinese, and was s well made that the U．S. gvernment used it t plan aerial missins in Wrld War Ⅱ.
Scientist, linguist, cartgrapher, phtgrapher, writer—Rck was nt a wallflwer in any sense. Arrgant and self­pssessed, he wuld walk int a village r warlrd's place “as if he wned the place，” said Lisa Pearsn, the Arbretum's head librarian.
In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flwers, in the Far Reaches f the Wrld”， the Bstn Evening transcript ran a large pht f the daring explrer wearing in a wlly cat and fx­skin hat. “In discussing his herism including hair­raising escapes frm death either frm muntain slides, snw slides and rbber armies，he waves the idea away as if it is f n imprtance.”
The Arbretum and Rck parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cst Harvard a frtune—abut $ 900，000 in tday's dllars. Frtunately, many f his specimens, many f his amazing phts, and his great stries remain.
1．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Rck's service fr the U．S gvernment.
B．Rck's cperatin with Harvard.
C．Rck's wrk as a btanist.
D．Rck's explratin in Suthwest China.
2．What cntributin did Rck make t the USA besides cllecting new plants and specimens?
A．He travelled thrugh sme uncivilized places in China.
B．His hand­drawn map was used in WW Ⅱ.
C．He shwed herism by escaping difficulties.
D．He made headlines in Bstn Evening News.
3．Hw did Rck respnd when peple mentined his heric deeds?
A．Excitedly. B．Prudly.
C．Calmly. D．Nervusly.
4．What caused Rck t stp wrk fr The Arbretum?
A．The vast expense.
B．The dangerus jurney.
C．The challenging tasks.
D．The unknwn wrld.
B
[2022·江西六校联考]It is quite apparent that cmpetitin surrunds every aspect f human life whether in the United States r the Amazn rainfrest. Withut it we wuld nt have grwn int primates (灵长目动物). Or we wuld prbably still be struggling t sharpen a brnze tl while crawling arund n fur legs in search f meat. Withut cmpetitin, Clumbus wuldn't have discvered America and Edisn wuld never have invented the light bulb.
Friendships, like all relatinships between tw peple, invlve cmpetitin. It isn't cmpetitin in a traditinal sense because there are n gals t be scred and n prize. Perhaps the eclgical definitin—the simultaneus (同时的) demand by tw r mre rganisms fr limited envirnmental resurces, such as nutrients, living space, r light—better explains it.
As in nature, high schl life is gverned by a set f laws, similar t a shrtened versin f Darwin's thery f evlutin, verppulatin, and cmpetitin. There are lts f high schl students and t distinguish them, ranking and categrizing take place. In high schl, friendships learn t cexist with cmpetitin even thugh at times the relatinship is rugh. In fact, in sme circumstances, cmpetitin is t much f a burden fr a friendship t bear, causing it t fall apart. Cllege admissin is the final high schl bjective. Fur years f hard wrk is t achieve gd grades, and a student's fate is determined nt nly by these achievements, but by the recrds f thusands f ther senirs trying t achieve a similar recgnitin.
Nevertheless, by necessity, cmpetitin between students exists in all aspects f high schl life. It sets and imprves the standards in everything frm sprts t schlwrk. Healthy, friendly cmpetitin can have nly benefits, but when it becmes t fierce, jealusy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, withut cmpetitin, we wuld be lst.
5．What des the eclgical definitin mainly explain?
A．Hw t win the cmpetitin.
B．What cmpetitin exactly is.
C．What the result f cmpetitin is.
D．Hw friends cmpete with each ther.
6．Accrding t the writer, what causes the high schl students t cmpete?
A．They knw the laws f nature well.
B．A friendship is a burden fr them.
C．The number f them is t large.
D．They are divided int different grups.
7．Which best describes the relatinship f the friendship and cmpetitin?
A．The friendship is always based n cmpetitin.
B．Cmpetitin is a result f a lst friendship.
C．Cmpetitin is terribly harmful t friendships.
D．The degree f cmpetitin is vital t friendships.
8．What des the authr think f “cmpetitin”？
A．Cmpetitin is certain t happen at schl.
B．The result f cmpetitin is ut f cntrl.
C．Cmpetitin becmes fierce in high schl.
D．The friendship is nt as imprtant as cmpetitin at schl.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2022·石家庄质量检测一]Have yu ever wndered why yu're nt as happy as yu'd like t be? Based n my wn persnal experience and the happiness facts published by Harvard University, I've summarized the fllwing habits that will make yu happy!
Laugh ften. Laughter is the mst pwerful medicine fr anger r depressin. Research has shwn that the simple act f smiling can increase yur feeling f happiness. __1__Try t find humr and laughter in life's everyday struggles.
Keep yur agreements. Our self­respect is built n the agreements we've made with urselves and with thers. And high self­respect has a direct relatinship with happiness. __2__
D yur best and then let g. Everyne has limitatins, and things dn't always turn ut t be what we'd like them t be—despite ur effrts. S always give yur best, and then let g. __3__ When yu've dne yur best, yu'll have n regrets.
Give back. __4__Accrding t Harvard, when peple d gd, their brains becme active in the very same reward center that is stimulated when they experience ther rewards. S it's nt a surprise that peple wh care mre abut thers are happier than thse wh care less abut thers.
These happiness habits have prven t be true in my wn life. During thse perids when I fcus n develping the habits listed abve, I d feel happier and mre fulfilled—like nw. Happiness is nt an accident. __5__
A．Let events run their curse.
B．S dn't take life t seriusly.
C．S d what yu say yu're ging t d.
D．When we succeed, we're mre likely t be happy.
E．This is the best way t vercme yur limitatins.
F．It's a cnscius decisin that takes a cnscius effrt.
G．Helping thers is ne f the surest ways t feel gd.
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2022·成都市第三次诊断]While lking fr a jb in Denmark, Albert fund his spare time activities an advantage.
In his spare time, Albert was pleasantly __1__ t find a lt f utdr facilities in Denmark. __2__ mving there, he had thught that because f the __3__， lcals wuld prbably __4__ spending time indrs. “I like t __5__ life utdrs with friends: walking in the frest, playing sprts and swimming. We even __6__ a camping trip t the beach. ”
Albert als enjys __7__ training in spare time. __8__， he is mre than willing t help thers in the gym. “Making __9__ and helping friends have taught me hw t __10__ and understand the __11__ f a persn, which helps me when I'm dealing with peple r anywhere where empathy (共鸣) and attentin are __12__. I have als learned t becme mre __13__， since I have t bserve and then change r __14__ the plan based n their __15__. Finally, I have als learned hw t be a better __16__—I had t design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way t __17__ peple. ”
Albert fund these experiences helpful in __18__. “Nwadays, cmpanies are nt s fcused n certain __19__， but mre interested in getting t knw the persn behind the CV (简历). Spare time activities serve as a means fr the cmpany t get a better __20__ f emplyees. ”,
1．A.disappinted B．anxius C．surprised D．annyed
2．A.Befre B．Upn C．Withut D．Fr
3．A.traditin B．weather C．traffic D．passin
4．A.deny B．cntinue C．resist D．prefer
5．A.enjy B．expect C．discuss D．appreciate
6．A.witnessed B．needed C．did D．chse
7．A.fitness B．military C．prfessinal D．academic
8．A.Eventually B．Hpefully C．Therefre D．Mrever
9．A.interviews B．plans C．changes D．decisins
10．A.admire B．prve C．fllw D．detect
11．A.advantages B．imaginatins C．needs D．abilities
12．A.useless B．strange C．urgent D．necessary
13．A.prud B．rganized C．excited D．merciful
14．A.supprt B．recmmend C．adapt D．make
15．A.reactin B．mvement C．impressin D．psitin
16．A.classmate B．leader C．sprtsman D．salesman
17．A.distract B．interest C．amuse D．encurage
18．A.schling B．truth­seeking C．jb­hunting D．surviving
19．A.skills B．pinins C．persnalities D．weaknesses
20．A.side B．half C．picture D．future
Ⅳ.语法填空
[2022·太原市三模]Fr many peple in the wrld, fd waste has becme a habit: buying mre fd than we need at markets，1．________ (let) fruit and vegetables spil at hme r taking mre than we can eat.
These habits put extra pressure 2．________ ur natural resurces and damage ur envirnment. When we waste fd, we waste s much labur, effrt, 3．________ (invest) and the precius resurces that g int prducing it, nt t mentin the resurces in transprting and prcessing it. In shrt, wasting fd increases greenhuse gas emissins and 4．________ (cntribute) t climate change.
It's 5．________ urgent issue. In fact, tns f fd is lst r wasted 6．________ (glbal) every day. The part f fd that is lst frm harvest up t, but nt including, the retail level is called fd lss. The part wasted at the cnsumer r retail level 7．________ (refer) t as fd waste. We make this distinctin t address thse rt 8．________ (cause) f this prblem, a prblem that everyne frm farmers and prducers t custmers can help end.
Reducing fd lss and waste is essential in a wrld 9．________ millins f peple g hungry every day. When we reduce waste, we respect that fd is nt a given. It's up t us 10．________ (change) ur habits t make nt wasting fd a way f life!
课下天天练（十六） 阅读语言运用组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——人物经历——旅游和探险
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了奥地利裔美国探险家、植物学家和人类学家Jseph Francis Charles Rck在中国西南地区的旅游和探险经历。
1．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句“In 1924, Harvard sent Jseph Francis Rck n a treasure hunt thrugh China's suthwestern prvinces—the Wild West f their day.”可知，文章主要讲述了奥地利裔美国探险家、植物学家和人文学家Jseph Francis Charles Rck在中国西南地区的探险经历。故选D。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“His hand­drawn map f his travels thrugh China's‘Ch­Ni’ territry, in the Harvard Map Cllectin, includes mre than a thusand rivers, twns and muntains indicated in bth English and Chinese, and was s well made that the U．S. gvernment used it t plan aerial missins in Wrld War Ⅱ.”可知，除了在收集新品种的植物和标本上做出贡献，Rck手绘的地图也曾被用于第二次世界大战。故选B。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“‘In discussing his herism including hair­raising escapes frm death either frm muntain slides, snw slides and rbber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is f n imprtance.’”可知，在讨论Rck的英雄事迹时，虽然他经历过山体滑坡、雪崩以及强盗（的抢劫），可他觉得那都不算什么。由此可推知，Rck在人们提到自己的英雄事迹时的反应很平静。故选C。
4．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The Arbretum and Rck parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cst Harvard a frtune—abut $ 900，000 in tday's dllars.”可知，Rck不再在植物园工作的主要原因是他旅行花费了很多钱。故选A。
【亮点句积累】In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flwers, in the Far Reaches f the Wrld”， the Bstn Evening transcript ran a large pht f the daring explrer wearing in a wlly cat and fx­skin hat.（第五段第一句）
译文：《波士顿晚报》以“在遥远的世界里寻找奇异的花朵”为题，刊登了一张这位大胆的冒险家身穿羊毛外套、头戴狐狸皮帽的巨幅照片，以宣告他返回成功。
词汇积累：extensively adv.广大地 territry n．领土
linguist n．语言学家 arrgant adj.傲慢的
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——竞争
【语篇解读】 竞争推动了人类社会的发展，是不可或缺的，本文说明了竞争的含义，指出在高中阶段竞争是不可避免的，还特别说明了如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。
5．答案与解析：B 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段内容可知，eclgical definitin所在的句子是对前一句“It isn't n prize”的补充说明，进一步说明竞争到底是什么，故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“There are lts take place”可知，高中生数量多，为了区分他们，排名和分类就产生了，排名和分类就是竞争的具体形式，故选C。
7．答案与解析：D 考查推断的能力。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Healthy, friendly tear friendships apart”可知，正常合理的且友好的竞争只有好处，但当竞争太激烈时，妒忌能使友谊分崩离析。故D项“竞争的程度对友谊至关重要”正确。
8．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless, by necessity, cmpetitin between students exists in all aspects f high schl life”可知，作者认为学生之间的竞争必然存在于高中学校生活的所有方面，故A选项“竞争在学校是必然会发生的”正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——幸福——让人幸福的几个习惯
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了几个让人幸福的习惯，包括常笑和帮助他人等。
1．答案与解析：B'考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句表述的“研究表明，一个简单的微笑行为可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奋斗中努力找到幽默和笑声”可知，B项“所以不要跟生活太较真”符合语境。
2．答案与解析：C'考查总结句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之间的关系。言行一致是自尊的基础，而高度的自尊又与幸福有直接关系，所以C项“因此你要言出必行”符合语境。
3．答案与解析：A'考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是“所以永远尽自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句讲的是“当你已尽了自己最大努力，你就没有遗憾了”，因此A项“让事情顺其自然”符合语境。
4．答案与解析：G'考查上下文衔接。本段总结句讲的是关心他人更多的人比关心他人更少的人更幸福，这并不是一个令人惊讶的事，故G项“帮助别人是能感到快乐的最可靠的方法之一”符合语境。
5．答案与解析：F'考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F项“这是一个需要有意识的努力来作出的有意识的决定”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——业余生活及其对求职的影响
【语篇解读】 Albert在丹麦发现，人们并不是如他想象那样因为气候原因而不喜欢户外活动。他帮助人们进行健身训练并从中收获很多。Albert的经历对于他求职帮助很大，在求职中，公司不仅关注简历，还更关注求职者简历之外的生活。
1．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据该段下文中的“he had thught... spending time indrs”可知，丹麦当地人可能会更喜欢室内活动；结合该句中的“find a lt f utdr facilities in Denmark”可以判断，当发现丹麦有许多室外设施时，Albert感到很惊讶，C选项意为“惊讶的”，故C项正确。
2．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“he had thught”可知，该句使用了过去完成时，结合语境可以判断，此处表示在Albert迁到丹麦之前，故A项正确。
3．答案与解析：B 考查常识推断。根据该句中的“spending time indrs”可知，丹麦人可能更喜欢待在室内；结合常识可以判断，由于丹麦的天气原因，丹麦人无法经常到室外活动，故喜欢待在室内。故B项正确。
4．答案与解析：D 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“lcals wuld prbably”可知，由于丹麦的天气原因，丹麦人无法经常到室外活动，故可能更喜欢待在室内。D项意为“更喜欢”，故D项正确。
5．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“walking in the frest, playing sprts and swimming”可知，Albert喜欢和朋友们一起享受户外活动：在森林里散步、运动和游泳。A项意为“享受……的乐趣”，故A项正确。
6．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“a camping trip t the beach”并结合上句内容可知，Albert甚至还去海滩进行野营旅行了。故C项正确。
【易错提醒】该题容易错选成D项，选错的原因是忽略上句和该句的联系。在这里Albert陈述的是各种已经发生的活动，用以说明他们喜欢户外活动，而不是选择。
7．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据下句中的“he is mre than willing t help thers in the gym”可知，Albert很乐意帮助在体育馆的人；据此可以判断，Albert喜欢在业余时间进行健身训练。fitness意为“健壮，健康”，故A项正确。B项意为“军事的”；C项意为“专业的”；D项意为“学术的”，都与语境不符。
8．答案与解析：D 考查语境推断。根据上句可知，Albert喜欢在业余时间进行健身训练；根据该句中的“he is mre than willing t help thers in the gym”可知，此外，他还很乐意帮助在体育馆的人。据此可知，两句间为递进关系，故用Mrever。
9．答案与解析：B 考查语境和常识推断。根据前文可知，Albert喜欢在业余时间进行健身训练，还非常乐意帮助在体育馆的人。结合常识可知，健身训练需要作计划，Albert从作计划和帮朋友中获益良多。B项意为“计划”，故B项正确。
10．答案与解析：D 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with peple”可知，这在他与人打交道时帮助了他；结合该句中的“understand”可以判断，作计划和帮助朋友教会了他如何发现和理解一个人的需求。D项意为“发现”，故D项正确。
11．答案与解析：C 考查语境和常识推断。根据该句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with peple”可知，这帮助Albert与人打交道；结合常识可以判断，该处指作计划和帮助朋友教会了他如何发现和理解一个人的需求。故C项正确。
12．答案与解析：D 考查语境和常识推断。根据语境并结合常识可知，在与人打交道的过程中，共鸣和关注是必要的，D项意为“必要的”，故D项正确。
13．答案与解析：B 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“since I have t bserve and then change”和“the plan”可知，Albert不得不观察并改变计划，据此可以判断，他要更有效地组织人们运动。rganized意为“有效率的，有条理的”，符合语境，故B项正确。
14．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“I have t bserve and then change r”和“the plan”可知，Albert不得不观察并改变计划，据此可以判断，此处表示改变或修改计划；C项意为“使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况）”，故C项正确。
15．答案与解析：A 考查语境和常识推断。根据语境和常识可知，Albert需要根据人们的反应改变计划；A项意为“反应”，故A项正确。
16．答案与解析：D 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“I had t design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way”可知，Albert必须以一种有趣且使人愉快的方式来设计日程安排；结合选项可知，此处表示他已经学会如何成为更好的销售员，故D项正确。
17．答案与解析：B 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“in a fun and entertaining way”可推知，Albert此举的目的是让人们感兴趣。B项意为“使感兴趣”，故B项正确。
18．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据本文首句中的“While lking fr a jb in Denmark”并结合该句中的“Albert fund these experiences helpful in”和下文中的cmpanies可知，Albert发现这些经历在他寻找工作的过程中是有用的，故C项正确。
19．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“but mre interested in getting t knw the persn behind the CV（简历）”可知，公司更感兴趣的是个人简历背后的故事，据此可以判断，公司如今对个人的某些技能并不那么关注，A项意为“技能”，故A项正确。
20．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据上句可知，公司更感兴趣的是个人简历背后的故事；据此可以判断，业余活动是公司更好地了解员工的一种手段。picture“印象，头脑中的情景；描述”。故C项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会现象——食物浪费
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了当今社会食物浪费情况严重、这一现象造成的后果、食物损失与食物浪费的区别等，也讲述了世界上还有很多人每天吃不饱饭，所以我们应该减少食物浪费。
1．答案与解析：letting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空与前面的buying和后面的taking形成并列，所以空处需要填letting。
2．答案与解析：n 考查介词。此处考查固定搭配put pressure n，意为“向……施加压力”，所以空处需要填n。
3．答案与解析：investment 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处与labur, effrt和the precius resurces形成并列，同作waste的宾语，需要用到名词，所以填investment。
4．答案与解析：cntributes 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处与increases形成并列，两者并列作本句的谓语，且主语为wasting fd，所以空处需要填cntributes。
5．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。结合语境“这是一件紧迫的事情”可知，此处表泛指；且空后urgent的发音以元音音素开头，所以空处需要填an。
6．答案与解析：glbally 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语，需要用副词，所以填glbally。
7．答案与解析：is referred 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作谓语；根据语境可知，此处需要用到一般现在时表示客观事实；根据语境“在消费者和零售层面浪费的部分被称作食物浪费”可知，本句语态为被动语态；主语The part为第三人称单数，所以空处填is referred。
8．答案与解析：causes 考查名词单复数。cause是一个可数名词，根据前面的thse可知，空处需要用到复数，所以填causes。rt cause“根本原因”。
9．答案与解析：where 考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词wrld，该空指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
10．答案与解析：t change 考查非谓语动词。此处考查的是固定句型It's up t sb. t d sth.，所以空处需要填t change。