英语必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first学案

外研版英语 必修第二册Unit 6 Earth first 导学案
Period 2  Using language

1. 能够识别现在分词和过去分词作补语的用法，能够理解其补充说明宾语的作用，并在此基础上能够初步运用；

2. 能够运用相关词汇和语法结构讨论全球变暖问题，并提出可行的解决方案；

3. 能够运用话题词汇谈论空气污染问题，并能够根据需要有礼貌地打断别人。

重点：

1.理解-ing 和-ed 做补语的区别；

2.运用本单元已学词汇和语法结构表达如何应对全球变暖；

3.在听力过程中，获取对话中关于雾霾的相关信息，归纳再进行语言输出。

难点：

1.提取并总结归纳得体打断对方的表达，并迁移运用于相似情景的交流中；

2.利用发散性思维拓展补充作者的观点。

一、课前预习

1、词汇积累（核心单词+重点短语）

A）  核心单词                                        B)重点短语

2、词语释义：

1. ________to give most of your time, energy, attention, etc. to sb/sth 

2. ________to start or create an organization, a system, etc. that is meant to last for a long time  

3. ________physical harm caused to sth which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable 

4. ________ to produce a change in sb/sth; to attack sb or a part of the body; to make sb become ill/sick 

5. ________to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped

6. ________all the workers employed in an organization considered as a group

7.________a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry 

8.________ the act of allowing sb to do sth, especially when this is done by sb in a position of authority 

9._______ a chemical element. Carbon is found in all living things, existing in a pure state as diamond, graphite and buckminsterfullerene

10.______ a building with glass sides and a glass roof for growing plants in 

二、语法精讲

v-ing, v-ed形式作宾语补足语

在英语中，有些动词若只带一个宾语，句子的意义还很不完整，须另带一个成分来说明宾语的情况或状态，这个成分叫作宾语补足语，简称宾补。作宾补的一般有：名词、形容词、动词不定式及动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式等。

1）His father named him Daming.

2）They painted their house white.

3）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.

4） We saw her entering the room.

5）We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.

6）We take English as a useful tool for research work.

7）Let the fresh air in.

1．v­ing形式作宾语补足语

v­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。能接v­ing形式作补语的有两类动词：

(1)感觉、感官类动词：see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, smell等。

【例句】He heard the wind blowing outside.  他听到外边在刮风。

①I felt my heart ________(beat) faster.    我感到我的心跳得更快了。

②He noticed his father ________(open) the windows. 他注意到了他爸爸开窗户。

(2)使役动词：keep, get, leave, have等。

【例句】I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 

       不好意思让你等这么久。

①The captain got the soldiers ________(move) toward the front after a short rest.     

休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。

The teacher got the naughty boy ______(stand）there for half an hour.

老师让那个淘气的男孩在那儿站了半个小时。

2．v­ed形式作补语

v­ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成；宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。

­ed形式作补语的常见情况：

(1)位于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作补语。

【例句】She was glad to see her child taken good care of.

        她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。

①I was sleeping when I heard my name_____(call) .

   我正在睡觉，这时听到有人喊我的名字。

②She found the car window _______(break), badly and angrily.

(2)位于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作补语。

【例句】They are going to have the house painted white. 

        他们准备把房子刷成白色。

①She wants to have her car _______(repair) this afternoon.

The government decided to get another 10 hospitals _______(build).

3.表示“意欲; 命令”的动词如: like, order, want, wish后, 表示“希望、要求某人或某事被做......”。

【例句】The father wants his daughter taught the piano.

        这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。

①I wish these letters ______(type) as soon as possible.

  我希望这些信件能尽快(被)打印出来。

②We all wish this outbreak _____ (stop)as soon as possible.

4. with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词

 “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)，宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。

(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。

【例句】He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.

        他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(伴随状语)

①The girl walks into the classroom with her hand _______(hold) several books.

②He sits at table with his nose _______(smell) the dish.

(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。

【例句】With his hair cut, he looked much younger.

              理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)

①With all the windows ______(close),she felt safe.

②With the warm clothes _____(put) on, the boy feels warmer than before.

(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。

   切记：不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。

【例句】With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you.

          因为有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(原因状语)

①With some difficult work ______(finish), she could go home at the moment.

②With so much homework _____(do), he can’t go to play football now.

单句语法填空：

1．She wants her paintings______ (display)in the gallery, but we don't think they would be very popular.

2．With so much work______ (fill) my mind, I almost break down.

3．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work______ (finish), he gladly accepted it.

4．I had my wallet______ (steal)on a bus last month.

5. He found himself ______(lie) in the hospital when he woke up.

6．I have never heard the song______ (sing)in my school.

Ⅰ.单词拼写：根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。

1．At the sight of this_______ (残忍), he could hardly contain his anger.

2．This area was once a wildlife_______ (保护区)．

3．The university has _______ (建立)new rules and regulations.

4．I have to make a big_______ (报告) in the meeting.

5．The _______ (太阳能的) cell can convert the energy of sunlight into electric energy.

6．The flood did a lot of _______ to the crops.

7．The soil is cracking up because of the_______ ．

8．He feels completely _______in health after a period of intensive care.

9．You can be_______ from prison early for good behaviour.

10．He believes that his supporters are in the _______．

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.Sometimes we can see steam________ (rise)from the wet clothes.

2.The strange noise made all of the little kids________  (frighten).

3.They heart the old teacher________ (tell) his story from beginning to end.

4.He couldn’t make himself ________(hear) above the noise of the traffic.

5.The lost girl was last seen________  (play) near the park.

6.We couldn’t do our homework with all that noise ________(go) on.

7.The murderer was brought in the police station with his hands________ (tie) behind his back.

8.They use computers to keep the traffic________ (run) smoothly and safely.

9.She wants her paintings ________(show) in the gallery，but her paintings aren’t popular.

10.When he awoke，he found himself ________(close) in a dark room.

Ⅲ.语法填空

Our world has been greatly affected by global warming and it is critical(关键的) that people，young and old，join hands to fight it.Most 1.______(important)，children today should learn to be eco­friendly at a young age.

It is believed that the nation should require schools 2._____(have) a class about “Green Living”．Every school should teach students to know about global warming and what they can do to reduce their carbon footprints.In the classes，students could be assigned to find several 3.____(solve) to energy problems while learning about their effects 4.____the earth.Students also should 5.____(encourage) to use what they learned in class at home.

Too many people think that global warming is not a threat，but it is one of our 6.______(big) problems.Steps 7._____(take) to be“green”in the school are so effective.What would children be learning if the school’s lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins?

Green living and green schools are part of 8.____ new wave sweeping over the nation.How will our future leaders respond after years of living in a community 9.____ protecting our world’s natural environment just isn’t considered important？Schools and the government should teach young people to devote 10._____(they) to dealing with global warming.

【参考答案】

一、课前预习

1、生词+短语

A) 略

B) 略

2、词语释义：1.devote;  2.establish;  3.damage;  4.affect;  5.release;  6.staff;  7.flood;  8.permission; 9.carbon;  10.greenhouse

二、语法精讲

1、

(1)①beating；②opening

(2)①moving；②standing

2、

(1)  ①called；②broken

(2)  ①repaired;  ②built

3、

①typed；②stopped

4、

(1)①holding②smelling

(2) ①closed;  ②put

(3) ①to finish; ②to do

自我检测

1.displayed 2.filling; 3.finished; 4.stolen; 5. lying ; 6. sung

课后巩固：

Ⅰ、1.cruelty；2.reserve；3.established； 4.presentation； 5.solar；6.damage； 7.drought； 8.restored； 9. released; 10.majority

Ⅱ、1. rising；2.frightened；3.telling；4.heard；5.playing；6.going；7.tied；8.running；9.shown；10.being closed

Ⅲ、

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环境在我们生活中的地位，使我们进一步认识到绿色健康的生活方式应该从孩子的教育开始。

1．【答案】importantly　

【解析】考查副词。most importantly为固定搭配，意为“最重要的是”。

2．【答案】to have　

【解析】考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。

3．【答案】solutions　

【解析】考查名词。根据句意可知，此处需填名词，动词solve变名词solution。根据前面的several可知，需用名词的复数形式。

4．【答案】on　

【解析】考查介词。effect on...“对……的影响”。

5．【答案】be encouraged　

【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：应该鼓励学生们在家里运用他们在学校所学到的东西。

6．【答案】biggest　

【解析】考查形容词的最高级。句意：……这是最大的问题之一。

7．【答案】taken　

【解析】考查非谓语动词。名词steps和take之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词作后置定语，修饰steps。

8．【答案】a　

【解析】考查冠词。句意：绿色生活、绿色校园是席卷整个国家的一股新浪潮。

9．【答案】where　

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。该句为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是community，所以填where。

10．【答案】themselves　

【解析】考查代词。devote oneself to...意为“投身于……”，所以填反身代词themselves。