牛津版 (深圳&广州)九年级上册（2014秋审查）Module 1 GeniusesUnit 1 Wise men in history优质第三课时导学案

Module 1 Unit 1 Wise men in history

Period 3  Grammar学案

考点分析

①The runner didn't win the race, did he?

那名赛跑者没有赢得比赛，对吗?

辨析:win与beat

win(won,won):赢得;获得,宾语是表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等的名词或代词。

beat(beat,beaten):击败,宾语是表示参与比赛的人或团队的名词或代词。

例句:She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。

例句:She won the election by a clear majority. 她以明显的多数赢得选举。

例句:The team won and the fans went mad球队获胜了，球迷欣喜若狂。

例句:He was on a real high after winning the competition.他赢了那场比赛后高兴极了。

②Pay attention to the following special question tags.

Pay attention to注意，其中to为介词,后面可以接名词、代词或动词ing形式。

例句:Please pay attention to what I am saying.请注意听我讲的话。

例句:Pay attention to traffic regulations.

注意交通规则。

③That's why I'm angry.那就是我生气的原因。

That's why...那就是......的原因。

why引导的是表语从句，从句应该用陈述语序。表语从句是在句中作表语的从句,常位于连系动词的后面。

例句:The alarm clock didn't go off.That's why he was late for school.

闹钟没有响。那就是他上学迟到的原因。

例句:I feel cheerless why is that one life can be that bad.

我为生活为什么要变成那么的悲惨而高兴不起来。

2019年成都单项填空That's why all her sweaters are orange.

④What is the crown made of gold or something else?

辨析:else与other

else副词,用于不定代(anything,something,nothing等)、疑问句(what,who, where等的后面。

other形容词或代词,做形容词时,放在名词前作定语;作代词,常与定冠词the连用,构成one...the other;表示“(两者中)一个 .....另......一个”。

例句:I don't want anything else, thanks.

我不要别的东西了，谢谢。

例句:We must all try and help each other.

我们都必须努力互相帮助。

例句: I recognized a few of the other people.

我认出了一些其他的人。

例句:I have two pens.One is red, and the other is blue.

我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，支是蓝色的。

⑤Leave me alone不打扰某人;不惊动某人

Leave your brother alone. She's doing his homework.

别打扰你哥哥!他正在做作业。

Leave him alone to do that!

让他自己去做吧!

Leave me alone, I'm thinking.

别打扰我，我在思考问题。

2019年浙江温州完形填空: I wish she would leave us alone.我希望她能留下来独待着。

⑥How did Archimedes discover the truth?

辨析discover和invent

discover指发现原本存在的、但名词形式为发现一直未被认识或不为人知的东西。

名词形式为discovery。invent发明，指发明出新的、原来不存在的东西。名词形式为invention。

He discovered a lot of treasure.

他发现了许多金银财宝。

The scientist invented a lot of things in his life.

这位科学家一生中发明了许多东西。

⑦ I don't want to stay here any longer.

我不想再待在这里了。

not...any longer不再

They are not children any longer.

他们已不再是孩子。

I've waited long enough. I'm not waiting any longer.

我等了够久了，我不能再等下去了。

He was tired, but not sleepy any longer. 他很疲倦，但是已没有睡意。

考点考向:常在完成句子中考查not...any longer,no longer,not...any more与no more的用法。

⑧ 一、反意疑问句的含义

反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,它是在陈述句之后附加一个简短的问句, 对陈述句所叙述的事实提出疑问或征求意见。

1. It's a nice crown, isn't it?它是一个很漂亮的王冠，不是吗?

2. The crown maker tricked me, didn’t he?这个王冠制造商欺骗了我,对不对?

3. It isn't made completely of gold,is it?它不是完全用黄金制成，的对吗?

二、反意疑问句的构成

反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个省略的疑问句。前后两部分在人称、数、时态等方面必须保持一致。

Kate and Joan can swim, can't they?凯特和琼会游泳，是不是?

Tom won't come, will he?汤姆不会来，对吗?

三、反义疑问句的构成原则

反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的原则，即：如果陈述句是肯定的,疑问部分用否定形式；如果陈述句是否定的，疑问部分用肯定形式。

四、反义疑问句的答语

反意疑问句的回答要遵循一个原则,那就是不管问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用"Yes,肯定回答”;只要事实是否定的,就用“No，否定回答”。但在前否后肯的反意疑问句中，其答语与汉语翻译不同,yes要翻译成“不”。No要翻译成“是”，我们要特别注意。

—You will never forget him, will you?你永远不会忘记他，是吗?

—Yes, I will.不，我会忘记。

—No, I won't.是的，我不会忘记。

助记:反意疑问句的用法

反意疑问句三要点前后谓语正相反;前肯后否是习惯,前否后肯也常见;短句not若出现,必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意，短句主语代词回答反意疑问句，答案含义是依据;肯定事实用yes,否定事实no来替。

1.当陈述部分的主语是I，附加疑问部分般用aren't I。

I am very healthy, aren't I?我很健康，对吗?

2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone, someone, nobody,no one,somebody等表示人的复合代词时，强调全体主语，用附加疑问句中的用they,强调个体主语，用附加疑问句中的用he。

Nobody wants to go there, does he/do they?没有人想去那里，是不是?

3. 当陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything,something等表示物的不定式时,附加疑问句中的主语用it。

Everything goes well,doesn't it?一切顺利,是不是?

4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。

This is your book, isn't it?这是你的书,是不是?

Those are your books, aren't they?那些是你的书，是不是?

5.当陈述部分为there be结构时附加疑问句中的主语也用there。

There's something wrong, isn't there?出问题了，是不是?

6.陈述部分带有hardly, seldom, never, few, little, nothing等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。

She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?她很少去看电影是吗?

7. 如果陈述部分含带有表示否定的前缀或后缀时 ,附加疑问部分仍用否定形式。

Tom dislikes the book, doesn 't he?汤姆不喜欢这本书，对不对?

I must answer the letter, mustn't I?

我必须要回这封信，是不是?

You must leave for Beijing next week, needn't you?

你下周要去北京，对不对?

You mustn't smoke here, must you?你不能在这里抽烟，好吗?

8.当陈述部分的must表示“必须”时,附加疑问部分用mustn't或needn't. 若有表示禁止的mustn't时，要用must。

9.当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,附加疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't.

Tom used to live here, usedn't he / didn't he?汤姆过去住在这里，是吗?

10.当陈述部分含有had better时，附加疑问部分用hadn't.

You'd better finish your homework first, hadn't t you?你最好先完成作业，好不好?

11.当陈述部分为含有宾语从句的复合句时，附加问句部分一般与主句保持一致。但当陈述部分的主句是“I (We) think (believe, suppose,guess) am (are)sure/ am (are) afraid +宾语从句”时，附加问句以宾语从句的主语和谓语为准，用否定形式。当陈述部分的主句是“I(We)don't think (believe, suppose, guess) I am not (are not) sure/ am not (are not ) afraid+宾语从句”时,附加问句也以宾语从句的主语和谓语为准，但用肯定形式。

I suppose (that) he is serious, isn't he?我认为他很认真，不是吗?

I don't suppose (that) he is serious, is he?我认为他不认真，不是吗?

12.当陈述句是一个祈使句时,不管是肯定的还是否定的附加句一般要用"will you "。但以"Let's"开头的祈使句,附加疑问做"shall we"。以"Let ’s..."开头的祈使句要用will you。

Don't forget it, will you?不要忘记它，好吗?

Let's go to the zoo, shall we?让我们去动物园，好吗?

在肯定的祈使句后，还可以用won't you sit down, won't you?请坐好吗?

但是，如果must表示推测时,附加问句部分要根据must后的动词形式来决定。

He must be at home, isn 't he?他一定在家,对不对?

You must have made a mistake, haven't you?你一定是弄错了,对吗?

They must have seen the film last night, didn't they?他们昨晚一定是看了那部电影,对不对?

注意:前向含有表示推测的must have done,若有already,two days等完成时的时间状语时用haven't;有last night,yesterday等明确的过去时间状语时,用didn't;若两类时间状语都没有,根据情况用haven't或didn't都可以。

五、句子类型

陈述句

陈述用来陈述一个事实或说话人的观点陈述句肯定形式和否定形式两种，末尾有句号。

例It is a great movie.这是一部好电影。 (肯定形式)

例I did not pass the exam.我没有通过考试。(否定形式、疑问句）

(1)一般疑问句

对某一情况的“是、否”提出疑问的句子叫做一般疑问句，句子常用“Be动词+主语+表语......”或“助动词/情态动词+主语+语+话语......”结构来表达。一般疑问句通常用“Yes”或者“No”来回答。

例——Are they students?他们是学生吗?

——Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 是的,他们是。/不，他们不是。

(2)特殊疑问句

就句子的某一部分进行提问的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。基本结构为“特殊疑问词(组)+be动词助动词/情态动词(+主语)+谓语(+其他)”。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。

例—How often do you practise playing the guitar?你多久练习一次吉他?

—Once a week.每周一次。

(3)反意疑问句

反意疑问句又可称为“附加疑问句”，在陈述句后附加一个简短问句(附加问句)，用来对陈述句所建情况提出疑问或征求意见，陈述句和附加问句之间用逗号隔开。

It is a book, isn't it?这是一本书,不是吗?

(4)选择疑问句

说话者提供两种成两种以上的情况要对方进行选择的疑问的叫做选择疑问句,供选择的部分用or连接，且成分相同，常见结构有:“一般疑问句+A or B?"特殊疑问句+A or B?"，回答时不能用yes或者no,而要根据实际情况从问句给出的选项中选择。

—What would you like, bananas or apples?

你喜欢香蕉还是苹果?

—I like apples.我喜欢苹果。

(5)祈使句

祈使向用来表达命令、请求、要求、劝告等语气。祈使句的谓语动词没有时态、数的变化，基本结构为:“动词原形(be或实义动词)+其他部分”。祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don't或never.

Let him do this.让他去做这件事。

Please be sure to come on time tomorrow明天请务必按时到。

Don't play outside without finishing your homework!未完成作业不许到外面玩!

(6)感叹句

感叹句是一种表示强烈感情的句式，包含喜悦、愤怒、厌恶、赞赏等感情色彩，一般用how或what引导。①how引导的感叹们]]结构有:“How+形容词副词(+主语+谓语)!”“How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!” “How+主语+谓语!”

How clever the girl is!多么聪明的姑娘啊!

How old a building that is!那是一栋多么古老的楼房啊!

How she sings!她唱歌唱得多好啊!

②what引导的感叹句结构有:“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! ”“What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! ”“What+形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! ”。

What a beautiful day!多么美好的一天啊!

What hot weather it is!多么热的天气啊!

What nice people my teachers are!我的老师是多么好的人啊!

同步训练

一.选出与下列句子对应的句子种类。

A.反意疑问句B. 否定句C.感叹句D.祈使句 E.般疑问句F.选择疑问句 G.特殊疑问句H.肯定句

1.The king asked him to find out the truth.______

2. Put some water into the pot.______

3.When did the king begin to doubt?______

4. Did the king put the crown maker into prison?_______

5.Was the crown made of gold or silver?________

6. What a clever man he was!______

7.The king knew the truth, didn't he?______

8.The crown wasn't made of gold.______

9. You spoke at the meeting yesterday, didn’t you?______

10. Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball?______

二、单项选择题

(    )11. Jack is really tall,_____ ?

A. does he    B. doesn't he     C. is he      D. isn't he

(    ) 12. Your mother is very busy. She hardly does morning exercise,______ ?

A. isn't she    B. does she    C. doesn't she     D.is she

(    )13.——There is little pollution in that village,______ ?

——No. The air there is quite fresh and clean.

A. is there    B. isn't there      C. is it

(    )14. Email is very popular today. People seldom write letters now,_____ ?

A. did they   B. do they   C. didn't they    D . don't they

(    )15.______Of the three books, one is old, but______two are new.

A.other     B. the others     C. the other     D. others

(    )16. Nancy, sweep the classroom,_____ ?

A. don't you  B. do you     C. will you

(    )17.——There's little important news in the newspaper today,______ ?

——Yes, there is.

A. isn't there  B. is there     C. is it

(    )18.——It's Father's Day today,_____ ?

——Yes, let's buy a gift for Dad.

A. isn't he    B. doesn't it     C. isn't it

(    )19.——There is a beautiful park near your school,______?

——Yes. I often go walking there.

A. is there    B. isn't there     C. are there

(    )20. We have to finish the work now,_____ ?

A. don't we   B. haven't we     C. have we

三、按要求完成句子

21. Our city is beautiful. (改为感叹句)

_____ _____our city is!

22. There are two hundred famous companies in Xinjiang from 19 provinces. (对

画线部分提问)

______ ______famous companies in Xinjiang are there from 19 provinces?

23. Your father didn't go to work yesterday. (改为反意疑问句)

Your father didn't go to work yesterday,_______ _______?

24. He is a humorous actor. (改为否定句)

He_______a humorous actor.

25. Suzhou is famous for its beautiful gardens. (改为一般疑问句)

______ ______famous for its beautiful gardens?

26.What a bad man he is!(改为How引导的感叹句)

_____ ______the man is!

27.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.(对划线部分提问)

_____ ______Lucy ask him to do?

28.They will finish building the house in two weeks.(对划线部分提问)

_____ ______ ______they finish building the house.

29.Mary does her homework at home in Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)

_____Mary_____ her homework at home on Sunday ?

30.The old man can hardly dress himself.(改为反意疑问句)

The old man can hardly dress himself,______ ______?

31.It' s ten minutes' walk from my home to the school. (对划线部分提问)

_____ ______is it from your home to the school?

32.She is going to be a nurse in the future.( 对划线部分提问)

_____is she going to_____in the future?

33.Allan will go back to England by plane next month.(对划线部分提问)

_____ _____Allan go back to England next month.

34.We' II have a class meeting this afternoon.(改为一般疑问句).

_______you_______a class meeting this afternoon ?

35. John went to see his grandmother once a week.(对划线部分提问)

_____ _______ _______John go to see his grandmother?

36.Jim is ill. Let' s go and see him after school. (改为反意疑问句)

Jim is ill.Let' s go and see him after school ,__________ ?

37.I don' t think his father knows English. (改为反意疑问句)

His father hardly knows English,___________?

38.She did very well in her English exam. (改为一般疑问句).

______she______ very well in her English exam?

39.I have been to Beijing twice...(对划线部分提问)

______ ______ _______have you been to Beijing.

40.He thinks his aunt is right. (改为反意疑问句)

He thinks his aunt is right,_________?

答案

一.选出与下列句子对应的句子种类。

1. [答案] H

2. [答案] D

3. [答案] G

4. [答案] E

5. [答案] F

6. [答案] C

7. [答案] A

8. [答案] B

9. [答案] A

10. [答案] F

[解析]

1.句意:国王叫他找出真相。句型结构为: sb. ask sb. to do sth.此为肯定句故选H。

2.句意:把一些倒入锅里。句型结构为:动词原形+其他.此为祈使句,故选D。

3.句意:国王什么时候开始怀疑的?句型结构为: When did+主语+动词原形+其他?此为特殊疑问句,故选G。

4.句意:国王把制王冠的人关进监狱了吗?句型结构为: Did+主语+动词原形+其他?此为一般疑问句,故选E.

5.句意:王冠是金的还是银的?句型结构为: Be +主语+made of sth. or sth.??此为选择疑问句,故选F。

6.句意:他是多么聪明的一个人呀!句型结构为: What a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数+主语+be !此句是感叹句,故选C。

7.句意:国王知道了真相,难道他不知道吗?句型结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其他, didn't+人称代词?此为反意疑问句,故选A。

8.句意:王冠不是金子做的。句型结构为:主语+be not done +其他.此为否定句,故选B。

9.句意:你昨天在会议说话了,你难道没有说吗?句型结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其他, didn't+人称代词?此为反意疑问句,故选A。

10.句意:你喜欢踢足球还是排球? Do/Does+主语+动词原形形+sth. or sth.??此为选择疑问句,故选F。

二、单项选择题

11.[答案] D

[解析]句意:杰克真的很高,难道不是吗?反意疑问句要做到“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”, 前面是肯定,后面就应该用否定形式,且句中谓语动词是be动词is ,所以回答也应该用isn't he ,故选D。

12. [答案] B

[解析]句意:你妈妈非常忙,她几乎都不做早操,难道不是吗?反意疑问句要做到“前否后肯”或”前肯后否”, 句中含有hardly意为"几乎不”, 表否定含义,可知疑问部分要用肯定形式,排除AC ;题干中does是实义动词的第三人称单数,疑问部分用助动词does而不用be动词,故选B.

13.[答案] A

[解析] 句意:——那个村庄几乎没有污染,是吗?——是的,那里的空气很清新,干净。反意疑问句要做到“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”,句中含有little意为“几乎没有”,表否定含义,可知疑问部分要用肯定形式,且题干中there be结构引导的句子,疑问部分也要用there be结构,且be动词is在前面,故选A。

14. [答案] B

[解析]句意:电子邮件现在很流行。现在人们很少写信了, 是吗?根据句子结构可知是反义疑问句, seldom极少,否定意义,所以后面的附加问句应该用肯定形式,排除C和D选项;够People seldom write letters now是一般现在时,所以用助动词do ,故答案为B.

15.[答案] C

[解析]句意:这三本书中，一本是旧的,另外两本是新的。other别的,泛指,修身名词复数; the others代词,别的，其余的,特指;the other指两者之中的另一个,也可修身名词复数,指一定范围类其余的,别的,是特指;others别的,泛指;根据Of the three books, one is old ,可知空白处是特指其余的两个,后面有two ,用the other ,故答案为C。

16. [答案] C

[解析]句意:南希,打扫教室,好吗?这是动词原形开头的祈使句的反意疑问句,其附加疑问句是will you ,固定搭配,故填will you ,故选C。

17.[答案] B

[解析]句意:——今天报纸上没有什么重要消息?——是的,没有。这是反意疑问句, little是否定意义,故是前否后肯，there be句型的附加疑问句是be there ,根据There is可知此处是前肯后否,故此处是isn’t there , 故选B。

18.[答案] C

[解析] 句意:——今天是父亲节,对吗?——是的,我们给爸爸买个礼物吧。陈述句中的主语是it ,谓语是is ,故反义疑问句疑问部分的主语是it ,谓语是isn't,前肯后否，故选C。

19.[答案] B

[解析]句意:——你的学校附近有一个美丽的公园, 对吗?——是的。 我经常去那里散步。这是反义疑问句,遵循前肯后否或前否后肯原则, there be句型的缩略疑问式是be there就基本形式,根据There is ,可知此处是前肯后否,故此处是isn't there ,故选B.

20.[答案] A

[解析]句意:我们现在必须完成这项工作, 对吗?这是反义疑问句,遵循前肯后否或前否后肯原则,根据have to finish可知, have to的否定形式要借助助动词,故缩略疑问式的谓语是助动词do ,主语是we ,故选A。

三、按要求完成句子

21.How beautiful

22. How many

23. did he

24. isn’t

25. Is Suzhou

26.How bad

27.What did

28.How soon will

29.Dose do

30.can he

31.How far

32.What, be

33.How will

34.will, have

35.How often did

36. shall we

37. does he

38.Did he

39.How many times

40.doesn't he