高中英语必修一 英语阅读理解综合作业 18

课时作业 18

阅读理解

A

It's 11 p．m., and I'm still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I've had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She's always complaining (抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe she's right.

A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient (有效率的) this year. Well, I've clearly failed. I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I've started going to the health club. I've even been going to bed earlier. But I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?

I've just read an article on a website, and I've discovered that it isn't my fault (过错)! In fact, it isn't anyone's fault. It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There's nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you.” That's why we don't always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.

But that's not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That's the amount (数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns (形式). The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it's easy to give up what you want to do before then.

So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won't let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look — I've finished my article on time! Anything is possible!

【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。

1．In Julia's eyes, what kind of person is the author?

A．A bit lazy.    B．Quite smart.

C．Very healthy.  D．Truly honest.

答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由第一段中的“Julia... always complaining that I leave things till the last minute”可知，作者总是把事情拖到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。

2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?

A．Why we can't have a better life.

B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.

C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.

D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.

答案与解析：D　段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的“It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits”可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。

3．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________.

A．another two weeks  B．another four weeks

C．another six weeks  D．another ten weeks

答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第二段中的“I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now”和倒数第二段中的“Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit”可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。

B

Australia was first used as an island prison by Britain to solve their problem of having a fast growing prison population. These early settlers were those who were sent from all over Great Britain, including Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Later events, such as the gold rush, caused several waves of immigration (移居) from Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring (后代) of those criminals (罪犯)! In fact, only a part of Australians are those criminals' offspring. Also, in those days, people could be put into prison or sent to Australia for small crimes, like stealing a loaf of bread. Today Australia is home to the largest Greek and Italian communities in the world, outside Greece and Italy. This has helped the Australian accent develop.

Australian English was created by the first generation of children born in the new area. Since they talked with people who have different accents, they began to speak a distinct dialect of English that was to become the language of the nation. These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s, and the language sounds like Cockney English, spoken by the working­class in London.

Soon, words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English. Here are some words you may consider them to be Standard English. In fact, they are from native Australian languages!

△The names of many places and animals, including Canberra (the Australian capital, meaning “meeting place” in a local language)．

△Hard yakka — meaning “hard work”， coming from the language of the Brisbane area.

△Cooee — a call used traditionally by native Australians to attract attention, because the sound can travel long distances.

△Bung — meaning “dead”， but also used to mean broken or useless, for example, “He has a bung eye”．

【语篇解读】　澳大利亚英语是怎么发展而来的呢？有哪些词是从土著语转变过来的呢？本文简单介绍了其历史和一些土著词汇。

4．What is commonly believed according to     Paragraph 1?

A．Australians are offspring of those criminals.

B．Some Australians are children of those   criminals.

C．Small crimes meant going to prison in Australia.

D．Australians are offspring of the British people.

答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring of those criminals！”可知，人们普遍认为澳大利亚人是那些罪犯的后代。

5．What does the underlined word “distinct” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Interesting.     B．Different.

C．Beautiful.      D．Difficult.

答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s...”可知，画线词在这里意为“不同的”。

6．What do the words mentioned in the last paragraph have in common?

A．They are all Standard English.

B．They all mean places and animals.

C．They are only used by Australians.

D．They are all from native Australian languages.

答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“... words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English.”可知，这些词都是来自澳大利亚的土著语言。

C

I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program. At that time, I did a full three­month program but I traveled on weekends and during breaks.

I used to live in a small town outside New York. The idea of big cities has always excited me and I wanted to take advantage of that once­in­a­lifetime opportunity. It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country, because I hope to travel a lot more in the future.

I lived in a flat in Ealing Broadway with several other students from different American schools. The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced. I had expected traveling to London to be an easy transition (转变) for me because I thought their culture was close to that of America. But you know the language and the people were greatly different from what I had expected. They had different accents. In fact, they were noisy and more free­thinking than most Americans I knew.

However, I tried to take part in their giant Chinese New Year celebration in Trafalgar Square. I went to several Jewish society holiday celebrations and actively participated in any cultural activities I knew at that time. It was great to be able to truly put myself in their culture. These are experiences I couldn't get anywhere else.

I would suggest people hoping to follow in my footsteps not let anything hold them back from exploring the foreign cultures presented to them. Yes, you are there for school, but your number one priority (优先) is yourself. So make sure you go home with no regrets. Do not miss anything!

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在去英国参加学习项目期间，利用周末和假期旅游，努力融入当地文化，并且感受到了将学习与探索外国文化融为一体的重要意义。

7．What was the author's main purpose in going    to London?

A．To go sightseeing.

B．To visit some relatives.

C．To join in a study program.

D．To experience the life in a big city.

答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program.”可知，作者去伦敦的主要目的是参加一个学习项目。

8．What did the author think of the opportunity    of traveling to London?

A．It would change his life.

B．It would test his independence.

C．It would make his dream come true.

D．It would help improve his communication ability.

答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段“It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country...”可知，我把赴英国学习的机会看作对自己独立能力的一次检验。

9．What was beyond the author's expectation after arriving in London?

A．Culture differences. B．Unfriendly students.

C．His living conditions.  D．Some strange accents.

答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段“The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced.”可知，作者在英国经历的文化冲击是作者意料之外的。

10．In the last paragraph, the author mainly advises people studying abroad to ________.

A．explore more interesting places for traveling

B．try to receive more international education

C．combine study with exploring foreign cultures

D．look for more ways to deal with the culture shock

答案与解析：C　写作意图题。在最后一段，作者建议那些希望像他一样赴英国学习的人们不要让任何事情阻止他们探索呈现在他们面前的外国文化。