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高中英语必修一 北京市北京四中2019-2020学年高一学期期中英语试题
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这是一份高中英语必修一 北京市北京四中2019-2020学年高一学期期中英语试题，共20页。
2019北京四中高一（上）期中英语试题
第一部分 听力 （略）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）
第一节
语法填空
1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______（have ） a look at the sports stars.
2. I didn't mean ___________（eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
3. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
4. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
5. The boy _________is leaning against the door is our monitor.
6. Nowadays, swimming_________ (consider) to be one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
7. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _________(reward) with success in the coming exam.
8. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _________(reach) so far by the two sides.
9. Last night, I _________(choose) from hundreds of students to attend the opening ceremony.
10. My washing machine _________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
【答案】1. to have
2. to eat 3. whose
4. that 5. who/that
6. is considered
7. will be rewarded
8. has been reached
9. chose 10. is being repaired
【解析】
【分析】
考查单句语法填空。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：令人难以置信的是，球迷们在体育馆外面等了三个小时就是为了看一眼体育明星。本句中have做非谓语动词，表目的应用不定式。故填to have。
【2题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我本不想吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来太好吃了，我忍不住要尝一尝。固定短语mean to do sth.“打算做某事”，故填to eat。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句为定语从句修饰先行词couple，且先行词在从句中做定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：请把你所知道的关于这个职位候选人的所有信息发给我们。本句为定语从句修饰先行词information，且先行词被all修饰只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：靠在门上的那个男孩是我们的班长。本句为定语从句修饰先行词boy，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
【6题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，游泳被认为是最好的全方位运动形式之一。本句中主语swimming与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文nowadays可知应用一般现在时，主语为swimming谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is considered。
【7题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们的努力将在即将到来的考试中获得成功。本句主句efforts与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据下文in the coming exam可知为一般将来时，故填will be rewarded。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：尽管进行了前几轮谈判，双方至今仍未达成协议。结合下文so far可知应用现在完成时，且主语为no agreement故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has been reached。
【9题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：昨晚，我从数百名学生中挑选了一名参加开幕式。结合上文Last night可知应用一般过去时，故填chose。
【10题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。washing machine和repair之间是被动关系，由this week和句意可知句子时态是现在进行时，此处应填现在进行时的被动语态，结构是am/is/are being done。主语My washing machine是单数，此处be应填is。故填is being repaired。
【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)
(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)
(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)
如第三小题，句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句为定语从句修饰先行词couple，且先行词在从句中做定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。
第二节 完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
"Meow, meow, meow," is what I heard as I walked through the alley（小巷；胡同）. I approached the noise and noticed a tail sticking out from under a piece of wood. Under the wood was a ___11___ black and white cat. I picked him up and ___12___ he must be freezing to death. I ___13___ home with the cat held in my jacket.
My new best friend, who soon became known as Little Bit, received his name because he was almost ___14___ when I held him in my hands. He stood about five inches tall. Little Bit's small size had a great advantage - he ___15___ perfectly in the pocket of my jacket, which made ___16___ him everywhere very easy. Any time I was home, he wouldn't leave my ___17___. He was always eager to play with me. When I fell asleep at night, he would always ___18___ up around my head to ensure that I was warm.
Unfortunately, I grew up. My teenage life ___19___ my relationship with Little Bit. I lived at such a fast pace that I stopped ____20____ time for him. My free time was spent with my friends instead. I would come in the house on my phone and not ____21____ him at all. His meows became an annoyance to me, but it wasn't his ____22____ that he wanted his best friend back.
Time had caused a ____23____ to Little Bit. His body began ____24____ down and by the time I realized something was wrong with him, he had already lost his balance. He lay there and looked at me, and ____25____ this day I still remember the ____26____ look in his bright green eyes. I took him to the vet (兽医), but there was nothing he could do. The last time I ____27____ him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before. Little Bit filled my arms and he was put to sleep that day.
Little Bit's ____28____ made me realize how much he meant to me. He was always there for me when I needed him. I ____29____ our last years together and I feel sorry for not always being there for him. I will always ____30____ the special memories we made.
11. A. lovely B. tiny C. pretty D. friendly
12. A. agreed B. insisted C. realized D. proved
13. A. left B. stayed C. drove D. hurried
14. A. weightless B. useless C. breathless D. hopeless
15. A. grew B. fitted C. played D. existed
16. A. showing B. keeping C. taking D. guiding
17. A. mind B. heart C. body D. side
18. A. rise B. stand C. wake D. roll
19. A. weakened B. fastened C. deepened D. sharpened
20. A. making B. losing C. wasting D. gaining
21. A. overlook B. interrupt C. acknowledge D. recognize
22. A. desire B. purpose C. fault D. greed
23. A. fear B. loss C. delay D. concern
24. A. dropping B. tearing C. calming D. shutting
25. A. on B. to C. in D. for
26. A. shameful B. hateful C. harmful D. sorrowful
27. A. helped B. protected C. held D. cured
28. A. illness B. death C. sadness D. pressure
29 A. regret B. bother C. confuse D. dream
30. A. treasure B. admire C. evaluate D. explore
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文阅读。文章讲述了我捡了一只小猫，我给它起名叫Little Bit，我们之间建立了很深厚的感情。但是，随着我的长大，我不再愿意花时间在小猫身上。直到有一天，小猫在孤独与悲伤中死去，我才意识到原来Little Bit对我这么重要。
【11题详解】
考查形容词辨析。根据下文The last time I___17___ him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before.提示可知，这只黑白相间的小猫很小。A. lovely可爱的；B. tiny微小的；C. pretty漂亮的；D. friendly友好的，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我把它拿起来，意识到它一定是快要被冻死了。A. agreed同意；B. insisted坚持；C. realized意识到；D. proved证明，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我把小猫放到我的夹克里，匆忙带它回到了家。A. left离开；B. stayed停留；C. drove驾驶；D. hurried匆忙，故选D。
【14题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：因为它在我手里几乎没什么重量，所以我给它取了这个名字。A. weightless没有重量的；B. useless无用的；C. breathless喘不过气来的；D. hopeless绝望的，故选A。
【15题详解】
考查动词辨析。根据which made ___6___ him everywhere very easy. 可知，它完美地适合我夹克里的口袋，这使得我带它到处走非常容易。A. grew成长；B. fitted适合；C. played玩耍；D. existed存在，故选B。
【16题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：它完美地适合我夹克里的口袋，这使得我带它到处走非常容易。A. showing展示；B. keeping保持；C. taking带着；D. guiding指导，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：任何时候我在家，它都不会离开我的旁边。A. mind精神；B. heart心脏；C. body身体；D. side旁边，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当晚上我睡着时，它就会滚到我的头旁边，确保我是温暖的。A. rise上升；B. stand站立；C. wake醒来；D. roll滚动，故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。根据下文I lived at such a fast pace that I stopped ___10___ time for him.可知，我青少年的生活减弱了我和小猫Little Bit的关系。A. weakened减弱；B. fastened栓紧；C. deepened加深；D. sharpened尖锐化，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查固定用法。上文I lived at such a fast pace说我生活的如此快节奏，由此可知我停止为小猫腾出时间。make time for腾出时间（做某事），这是一个固定用法，故选A。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我打着手机回到房子里，一点也不承认它的存在。A. overlook忽略；B. interrupt打断；C. acknowledge承认；D. recognize承认，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：它的“喵喵声”对我来说成了一种烦恼，但是它想让它最好的朋友回来，这并不是它的错误。A. desire渴望；B. purpose目的；C. fault错误；D. greed贪婪，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：时间对Little Bit造成了损耗。A. fear害怕；B. loss损耗；C. delay延期；D. concern关心，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。根据he had already lost his balance.可推知，它的身体已经停工。A. dropping down落下；B. tearing down拆卸；C. calming down平静下来；D. shutting down停工，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：直到今天，我依然记得它翠绿色眼睛中悲伤的神情。A. on在……上；B. to到；C. in在……里；D. for为了，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：直到今天，我依然记得它翠绿色眼睛中悲伤的神情。A. shameful可耻的；B. hateful可恨的；C. harmful有害的；D. sorrowful悲伤的，根据常识和文意可知，应该是悲伤的神情，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析。上文内容I ___3___ home with the cat held in my jacket.有线索held，可知这里意思是最后一次我握着它，它已经不是十年以前我发现的那只小猫了。A. helped帮助；B. protected保护；C. held握住；D. cured治愈，故选C。
28题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：Little Bit的死亡让我意识到它对我有多重要。A. illness疾病；B. death死亡；C. sadness悲伤；D. pressure压力，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我后悔我们最后在一起的时光。A. regret后悔；B. bother打扰；C. confuse混乱；D. dream梦想，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我将永远珍惜我们一起制造的特殊记忆。A. treasure珍惜；B. admire钦佩；C. evaluate评估；D. explore探索，故选A。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理"出最佳选项。同学们要遵循"上下求索"的原则来查找信息。例如小题1，下文The last time I___17___ him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before.中找到线索“tiny”，可知，这只黑白相间的小猫很小。A. lovely可爱的；B. tiny微小的；C. pretty漂亮的；D. friendly友好的，故选B。小题14根据he had already lost his balance.可知它的身体已经失去了平衡，由此推知它的身体已经停工。A. dropping down落下；B. tearing down拆卸；C. calming down平静下来；D. shutting down停工，故选D。
第三部分：阅读理解 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B,C, D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A Powerisers
The ability to jump two meters in the air may not be something you have thought too much about. And most people have never considered running at 30 kilometers an hour. But just stop for a moment and think about how our new product could change your life.
Your daily journey to your place of work is probably a mad dash for the bus. There is no point in taking your car because there are traffic jams, and anyway the car parks are probably very expensive or, worse still, full. Here is where Powerisers can help. It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.
That is the practical use for our product, but then there is sport and exercise. Powerisers are set to be the next extreme sport and the deep-fit tools. You can imagine the 100 meters, the high jump or basketball performed by athletes wearing Powerisers. And what better way to build your muscles and keep fit?
Our product is very simple. It is powered by a superlight spring, which uses the gravitational(重力的) pull from your body weight and pushes you with superhuman strength. There have been no records of serious injury related to the use of Powerisers, but extreme caution is recommended. We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet(头盔).
Powerisers make you feel as if you were walking on the moon. Now we make two different models: Basic and Professional. The Basic model is designed for the occasional users and costs around $ 500. The Professional model, which is designed for the competitive use, has a strongly-made structure and different springs, though that comes at the increased price of $800. Our Powerisers are guaranteed for two years and will be replaced without question if they fail during that period. That is how confident we are.
31. According to the passage, Powerisers can help you ______.
A. get on the bus B. jump over blocks
C. relax hard muscles D. lift heavy weights
32. A helmet is recommended to users to _______.
A. prevent them from being injured
B. provide them with superhuman strength
C. Offer them the feeling of walking on the moon
D. Bring them good results in competitive situations
33. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To advertise a sports product.
B. To show advantages of taking exercise
C. To explain basic principles of Powerisers
D. To introduce the development of Powerisers
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款产品Powerisers的功能、用途、使用注意事项以及价格等。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.（你只需要几分钟就能穿上它们，然后你就会离开，越过其他人，甚至跳过阻挡你的东西。）可知Powerisers可以帮助你跳过障碍物。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet.（我们强烈建议穿戴防护服，其中至少要佩戴头盔。）可知建议使用者戴上安全帽，是为了以免受伤。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了Powerisers的功能、用途，使用注意事项以及价格等。由此可知，作者的意图是为了给产品打广告。故选A。
【点睛】写作意图推理判断题。作者一般不直接表明自己意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和理论依据，客观地使读者信服某种想法和观点。这种题型要求我们不仅要理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作手法进行归纳、总结和分析的能力。推测作者的写作意图时，不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是娱乐读者（to entertain）；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或服务人们（to persuade）；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点（to argue）；科普文化类说明文的写作目的是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博见（to inform）。如第三小题，文章主要介绍了Powerisers的功能、用途，使用注意事项以及价格等。由此可知，作者的意图是为了给产品打广告。故选A。
B
My teacher held up a piece of broken glass and asked, “Who broke this window?”
Thirty boys tried to think about not only what they had done, but also what our teacher may have found out. She seldom became angry, but she was this time.
“Oh,”I thought. I was the one who broke the window. It was caused by a naughty throw of a baseball. If I admitted guilt, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that? I didn’t even get an allowance. “My father is going to have a fit.”I thought. I didn’t want to raise my hand, but some force much stronger than I was pulled it skyward. I told the truth. “I did it.”It was hard enough to say what I had.
My teacher took down a book from one of our library shelves and I had never known my teacher to strike a student, but I feared she was going to start with me.
“I know how you like bird,”she said as she stood looking down at my guilt-ridden face. “Here is that field guide about birds that you are constantly checking out. It is yours now. It’s time we got a new one for the school anyway. You will not be punished as long as you remember that I am not rewarding you for your misdeed, I am rewarding you for your truthfulness.”
I couldn’t believe it! I wasn’t being punished and I was getting my own bird field guide---the very one that I had been saving up money to buy.
All that remains of that day is my memory and the lesson my teacher taught me. That lesson stays with me every day, and it will echo forever.
34. From the story, we can learn that the boy _____.
A. didn’t break the window on purpose B. lacked the strength to admit his guilt
C. tried to think about what he had done D. didn’t know what the teacher would find out
35. If the boy admitted guilt, he thought he would NOT ______.
A. be punished by the teacher B. make his father angry
C. pay for the broken window D. get a bird field guide
36. Which of the following best describes the changes in the boy’s feelings?
A. Afraid--Surprised--Thankful B. Frightened--Amazed--Proud
C. Regretful--Guilty--Excited D. Nervous--Afraid--Satisfied
37. What is the lesson the boy’s teacher taught him?
A. Every coin has two sides B. Honesty is always valued
C. Bad luck never comes alone D. It’s never too late to be careful
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。一个男孩无意打破了窗户，本以为闯了祸会受到老师的惩罚，结果因为诚实承认过错，老师奖励了他最想要的观鸟指南的故事。老师教会了男孩要永远诚实。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Oh,”I thought. I was the one who broke the window. It was caused by a naughty throw of a baseball. If I admitted guilt, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that?（“哦,”我想。是我打破了窗户。这是由于淘气扔出了一个棒球造成的。如果我承认有罪，我就会有很多麻烦。我怎么能买得起那样大的窗户呢?）以及第五段第一句“I know how you like bird,”she said as she stood looking down at my guilt-ridden face.（“我知道你有多喜欢小鸟，”她站在那里看着我那充满内疚的脸说。）从男孩内心的想法以及愧疚的表情，可推知那个男孩并不是故意打破窗户的。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中If I admitted guilt, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that? I didn’t even get an allowance. “My father is going to have a fit.”I thought.（如果我承认了过错，我就会有很多麻烦。我怎么能买得起那样大的窗户呢?我甚至连零用钱都没有。“我父亲要大发脾气。“我想。）以及第四段My teacher took down a book from one of our library shelves and I had never known my teacher to strike a student, but I feared she was going to start with me.（我的老师从图书馆的书架上取下了一本书，我从来不知道老师会打学生，但我担心她会先打我。）可知如果男孩承认了过错，他想自己可能会赔偿打破的窗户、让父亲生气以及被老师惩罚，但是他没有想过会得到一本观鸟指南。故D选项不是男孩的想法。故选D。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三、四段男孩内心的想法，担心自己承认了过错会被要求赔偿打破的窗户、惹父亲生气和被老师惩罚可知，男孩一开始内心很害怕担心；根据倒数第二段I couldn’t believe it! I wasn’t being punished and I was getting my own bird field guide---the very one that I had been saving up money to buy.（我简直不敢相信!我没有受到惩罚，我有了自己的观鸟指南——就是我一直攒钱想买的那本。）可知男孩得知老师将观鸟指南送给了自己后，男孩感到非常惊讶，不敢相信；到最后一段All that remains of that day is my memory and the lesson my teacher taught me. That lesson stays with me every day, and it will echo forever.（那天留给的只有我的记忆和老师给我的教训。这个教训每天都伴随着我，而且将永远回响。）可知男孩最后非常感谢老师的这种教育方式，终身受益，可知男孩的内心对老师是感谢的。故害怕——惊讶——感恩最能描述男孩的感情变化。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中You will not be punished as long as you remember that I am not rewarding you for your misdeed, I am rewarding you for your truthfulness.（只要你记住我奖励你不是因为你做了坏事，而是因为你诚实，你就不会受到惩罚。）可知那个男孩的老师教了他要保持诚实。故选B。
C
The next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact, take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures and posture---the way you sit or stand--of the person with whom they are talking. This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. By this method, one is non-verbally (非语言的) saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.”
This unconscious (无意识地) mimicry is quite interesting to observe. Take, for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each other’s gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow. If one puts his hand in his pocket the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement.
This copying also occurs among good friends or people of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in very similar ways. People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual(相互的) positions. The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn, for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures.
If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end. Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss’s gestures in an attempt to show agreement. Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can “see” that you understand his point of view.
38. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Carbon Copying---Showing Agreement B. Developing Non-verbal Communication
C. How to avoid Carbon Copying D. Proper Social Behavior
39. What is "carbon copying" according to the passage?
A. To adopt identical gesture of others. B. To repeat what others have said.
C. To show agreement with others. D. To mock others.
40. In which of the following groups is carbon copying NOT frequently seen?
A. Married couples B. People not familiar with each other.
C. Good friends. D. People of the same social position.
41. What should an employer do to created a relaxing atmosphere for an employee?
A. Be polite. B. Avoid copying the employee’s gesture.
C. Be helpful. D. Copy the gesture of the employee.
【答案】38. A 39. A 40. B 41. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“carbon copying（复制）”现象，是指一个人通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势，来告诉另一个人自己赞同他的想法和态度。同时列举这种现象经常发生的场所，以及如何利用这些知识来让对方处于一种接受和放松的心态，“看到”你理解他的观点。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes.（这种“复制”是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。）以及文章主要围绕“carbon copying”是通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势来表达自己对他的赞同所展开的，故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. By this method, one is non-verbally saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.”（这种“复制”是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。通过这种方法，一个人不用语言就能对另一个人说:“你看，我和你想的一样，所以我会模仿你的姿势和手势。”）可知“carbon copying”是指采用和别人相同的手势。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual positions.（然而，陌生人会尽量避免持有共同的立场。）可知彼此不熟悉的人们不常看到“复制”现象。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end.（如果雇主希望与雇员建立直接的友好关系，营造轻松的氛围，他需要模仿雇员的姿势来达到目的。）可知雇主可以通过模仿雇员的动作，为雇员创造一个轻松的气氛。故选D。
D
Seeds on Ice
Close to the North Pole，remote and rocky Plateau Mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of
Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment，no grains，no gardens，no trees can grow. Yet at the end of a 130-meter-long tunnel cut out of solid stone is a room filled with humanity’s most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection—more than a half-billion seeds.
A quiet rescue mission is under way. With growing evidence that unchecked climate change-will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity （多样性） of crops around the world，the Svalbard Global Seed Vault （地窖） represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation （贮藏） of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits found within the seeds：the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot，dry weather.
Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed boxes，behind multiple locked doors，monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below—zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress. Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining （保留） their ability to grow for thousands of years.
Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy，impractical, and expensive idea.
We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired，fed up，and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and its crops might be better prepared for change. If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost, this would repay our efforts.
The Seed Vault is about hope and commitrnent - about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant，long-lasting，and worthy of who we are and wish to be
42. According to the passage, the Seed Vault is ___________.
A. a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayed
B. a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered crops
C. a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture
D. a lab where researchers study how to maintain the diversity of crops
43. The underlined word“viable”in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. mature B. clean
C. alive D. valuable
44. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us __________.
A. how the seeds are preserved B. where people keep the seeds
C. why the seeds are protected D. what people do to study the seeds
45. We can know from the passage that _________.
A. the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate change
B. most countries took part in rescuing the seed varieties
C. the Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversity
D. many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwise
【答案】42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读。文章介绍了种子基因库，为未来的农业储存多种种子的地方。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第三段Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining （保留） their ability to grow for thousands of years.（在这样的条件下，大多数主要农作物的种子在山里被冻住，可以存活数百年，甚至更长时间。有些种子能够保持它们生长数千年的能力。）由此推断出Seed Vault是一个种子基因库，为未来的农业储存多种种子，故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。下文Seeds of some are capable of retaining （保留） their ability to grow for thousands of years.说有些种子能够保持它们生长数千年的能力。由此推断出上文的意思是在这样的条件下，大多数主要农作物的种子都能在山中保存数百年。“viable”的意思是活着的，A. mature成熟的；B. clean干净的；C. alive活着的；D. valuable有价值的，故选C。
【44题详解】
段落大意题。答案定位在第三段In sealed boxes，behind multiple locked doors，monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below—zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress.（在密封的盒子里,在多个锁着的门后面,由电子安全系统监控,笼罩在零下的温度,被许多岩石包围,数以百万计的种子被山中堡垒所保护。）由此可知，这一段主要讲了种子是如何被保存的，故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第三段But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy，impractical, and expensive idea.（但早在2004年,提出了种子库时,它被视为一个疯狂的,不切实际的,和昂贵的想法）由此推断出最初，许多人认为修建种子库是不明智的，故选D。
【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题4，答案定位在倒数第三段But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy，impractical, and expensive idea.（但早在2004年,提出了种子库时,它被视为一个疯狂的,不切实际的,和昂贵的想法）由此推断出最初，许多人认为修建种子库是不明智的，故选D。
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分30分）
第一节
翻译句子，使用所给的词或短语翻译句子。
46. 我期待在2020年游览故宫或在那里做志愿者。（look forward to, the Forbidden City)
47. 我奶奶现在会把照片附在电子邮件里了。（capable, attach)
48. 相比于占别人便宜，我们更愿意通过努力工作来获得好处。（prefer...rather than, gain benefit, take advantage of )
49. 昨天你提醒他给我的朋友们在酒店订三个房间了吗？（remind,book）
50. Mark发现学英语很有趣，在英语上付出的努力也终会有回报。（find...adj., pay off）
【答案】46. I look forward to visiting the Forbidden City in 2020 or working there as a volunteer.
47. My grandma is now capable of attaching photos to emails.
48. We preferred to work hard to gain benefits rather than take advantage of others.
49. Did you remind him to book three rooms in the hotel for my friends?
50. Mark finds learning English interesting and the efforts in learning it will finally/eventually pay off.
【解析】
考查句子翻译。
【46题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”；the Forbidden City“故宫”；work as“担任；作为”。结合句意应用一般现在时，主语为I，动词用原形。故填I look forward to visiting the Forbidden City in 2020 or working there as a volunteer.。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语be capable of doing sth.“能够做某事”；attach sth. to sth.“将某物附在……上”。结合句意可知应用一般现在时，主语为grandma，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填My grandma is now capable of attaching photos to emails.。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语prefer...rather than“相比于……更愿意”；gain benefit“受益”；take advantage of “利用”。结合句意用一般过去时。故填We preferred to work hard to gain benefits rather than take advantage of others.。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”；book room“预订房间”。结合句意应用一般过去时，且为一般疑问句。故填Did you remind him to book three rooms in the hotel for my friends?
【50题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语find sth.+形容词“发现某事怎么样”；pay off“得到好结果”。结合句意可知应一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填Mark finds learning English interesting and the efforts in learning it will finally/eventually pay off.。
第二节 应用文（满分15分）
51.假设你是中国某高中学生李华。请给你的朋友Mark介绍一个中国节日，包含以下内容：1. 节日名字，时间；2. 节日的习俗；3. 节日的意义。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mark,
I’m delighted to know you are interested in traditional Chinese festival. You must have never heard of Chong Yang Festival, but it is actually my favorite. It falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Since nine is the largest single number, it is viewed as Senior Citizens’ Day. People often do activities like going hiking and admiring flowers on this day.
As for me, I had never thought about doing anything for the elderly until I learned about the festival at school. Our teacher asked us to do a nice thing for our grandparents. For the first time in my life, I washed my grandma’s feet. I’ll never forget the sweet smile she wore and the happiness I felt.
You see, I like Chong Yang Festival not just because of the popular activities. The most important reason is that it served as reminder that I should do something to show my appreciation to my grandparents’ love for me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假设你是中国某高中学生李华。请给你的朋友Mark介绍一个中国节日，包含以下内容：1. 节日名字，时间；2. 节日的习俗；3. 节日的意义。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：be delighted（高兴）；be interested in（感兴趣）；heard of（听说）；lunar month （农历）；admiring flowers （赏花）；serve as（担任）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如Since nine is the largest single number, it is viewed as Senior Citizens’ Day.运用了原因状语从句；The most important reason is that it served as reminder that I should do something to show my appreciation to my grandparents’ love for me.运用了表语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
2019北京四中高一（上）期中英语试题
第一部分 听力 （略）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）
第一节
语法填空
1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______（have ） a look at the sports stars.
2. I didn't mean ___________（eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
3. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
4. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
5. The boy _________is leaning against the door is our monitor.
6. Nowadays, swimming_________ (consider) to be one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
7. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _________(reward) with success in the coming exam.
8. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _________(reach) so far by the two sides.
9. Last night, I _________(choose) from hundreds of students to attend the opening ceremony.
10. My washing machine _________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
【答案】1. to have
2. to eat 3. whose
4. that 5. who/that
6. is considered
7. will be rewarded
8. has been reached
9. chose 10. is being repaired
【解析】
【分析】
考查单句语法填空。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：令人难以置信的是，球迷们在体育馆外面等了三个小时就是为了看一眼体育明星。本句中have做非谓语动词，表目的应用不定式。故填to have。
【2题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我本不想吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来太好吃了，我忍不住要尝一尝。固定短语mean to do sth.“打算做某事”，故填to eat。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句为定语从句修饰先行词couple，且先行词在从句中做定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：请把你所知道的关于这个职位候选人的所有信息发给我们。本句为定语从句修饰先行词information，且先行词被all修饰只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：靠在门上的那个男孩是我们的班长。本句为定语从句修饰先行词boy，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
【6题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，游泳被认为是最好的全方位运动形式之一。本句中主语swimming与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文nowadays可知应用一般现在时，主语为swimming谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is considered。
【7题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们的努力将在即将到来的考试中获得成功。本句主句efforts与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据下文in the coming exam可知为一般将来时，故填will be rewarded。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：尽管进行了前几轮谈判，双方至今仍未达成协议。结合下文so far可知应用现在完成时，且主语为no agreement故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has been reached。
【9题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：昨晚，我从数百名学生中挑选了一名参加开幕式。结合上文Last night可知应用一般过去时，故填chose。
【10题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。washing machine和repair之间是被动关系，由this week和句意可知句子时态是现在进行时，此处应填现在进行时的被动语态，结构是am/is/are being done。主语My washing machine是单数，此处be应填is。故填is being repaired。
【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)
(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)
(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)
如第三小题，句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句为定语从句修饰先行词couple，且先行词在从句中做定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。
第二节 完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
"Meow, meow, meow," is what I heard as I walked through the alley（小巷；胡同）. I approached the noise and noticed a tail sticking out from under a piece of wood. Under the wood was a ___11___ black and white cat. I picked him up and ___12___ he must be freezing to death. I ___13___ home with the cat held in my jacket.
My new best friend, who soon became known as Little Bit, received his name because he was almost ___14___ when I held him in my hands. He stood about five inches tall. Little Bit's small size had a great advantage - he ___15___ perfectly in the pocket of my jacket, which made ___16___ him everywhere very easy. Any time I was home, he wouldn't leave my ___17___. He was always eager to play with me. When I fell asleep at night, he would always ___18___ up around my head to ensure that I was warm.
Unfortunately, I grew up. My teenage life ___19___ my relationship with Little Bit. I lived at such a fast pace that I stopped ____20____ time for him. My free time was spent with my friends instead. I would come in the house on my phone and not ____21____ him at all. His meows became an annoyance to me, but it wasn't his ____22____ that he wanted his best friend back.
Time had caused a ____23____ to Little Bit. His body began ____24____ down and by the time I realized something was wrong with him, he had already lost his balance. He lay there and looked at me, and ____25____ this day I still remember the ____26____ look in his bright green eyes. I took him to the vet (兽医), but there was nothing he could do. The last time I ____27____ him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before. Little Bit filled my arms and he was put to sleep that day.
Little Bit's ____28____ made me realize how much he meant to me. He was always there for me when I needed him. I ____29____ our last years together and I feel sorry for not always being there for him. I will always ____30____ the special memories we made.
11. A. lovely B. tiny C. pretty D. friendly
12. A. agreed B. insisted C. realized D. proved
13. A. left B. stayed C. drove D. hurried
14. A. weightless B. useless C. breathless D. hopeless
15. A. grew B. fitted C. played D. existed
16. A. showing B. keeping C. taking D. guiding
17. A. mind B. heart C. body D. side
18. A. rise B. stand C. wake D. roll
19. A. weakened B. fastened C. deepened D. sharpened
20. A. making B. losing C. wasting D. gaining
21. A. overlook B. interrupt C. acknowledge D. recognize
22. A. desire B. purpose C. fault D. greed
23. A. fear B. loss C. delay D. concern
24. A. dropping B. tearing C. calming D. shutting
25. A. on B. to C. in D. for
26. A. shameful B. hateful C. harmful D. sorrowful
27. A. helped B. protected C. held D. cured
28. A. illness B. death C. sadness D. pressure
29 A. regret B. bother C. confuse D. dream
30. A. treasure B. admire C. evaluate D. explore
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文阅读。文章讲述了我捡了一只小猫，我给它起名叫Little Bit，我们之间建立了很深厚的感情。但是，随着我的长大，我不再愿意花时间在小猫身上。直到有一天，小猫在孤独与悲伤中死去，我才意识到原来Little Bit对我这么重要。
【11题详解】
考查形容词辨析。根据下文The last time I___17___ him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before.提示可知，这只黑白相间的小猫很小。A. lovely可爱的；B. tiny微小的；C. pretty漂亮的；D. friendly友好的，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我把它拿起来，意识到它一定是快要被冻死了。A. agreed同意；B. insisted坚持；C. realized意识到；D. proved证明，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我把小猫放到我的夹克里，匆忙带它回到了家。A. left离开；B. stayed停留；C. drove驾驶；D. hurried匆忙，故选D。
【14题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：因为它在我手里几乎没什么重量，所以我给它取了这个名字。A. weightless没有重量的；B. useless无用的；C. breathless喘不过气来的；D. hopeless绝望的，故选A。
【15题详解】
考查动词辨析。根据which made ___6___ him everywhere very easy. 可知，它完美地适合我夹克里的口袋，这使得我带它到处走非常容易。A. grew成长；B. fitted适合；C. played玩耍；D. existed存在，故选B。
【16题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：它完美地适合我夹克里的口袋，这使得我带它到处走非常容易。A. showing展示；B. keeping保持；C. taking带着；D. guiding指导，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：任何时候我在家，它都不会离开我的旁边。A. mind精神；B. heart心脏；C. body身体；D. side旁边，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当晚上我睡着时，它就会滚到我的头旁边，确保我是温暖的。A. rise上升；B. stand站立；C. wake醒来；D. roll滚动，故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。根据下文I lived at such a fast pace that I stopped ___10___ time for him.可知，我青少年的生活减弱了我和小猫Little Bit的关系。A. weakened减弱；B. fastened栓紧；C. deepened加深；D. sharpened尖锐化，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查固定用法。上文I lived at such a fast pace说我生活的如此快节奏，由此可知我停止为小猫腾出时间。make time for腾出时间（做某事），这是一个固定用法，故选A。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我打着手机回到房子里，一点也不承认它的存在。A. overlook忽略；B. interrupt打断；C. acknowledge承认；D. recognize承认，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：它的“喵喵声”对我来说成了一种烦恼，但是它想让它最好的朋友回来，这并不是它的错误。A. desire渴望；B. purpose目的；C. fault错误；D. greed贪婪，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：时间对Little Bit造成了损耗。A. fear害怕；B. loss损耗；C. delay延期；D. concern关心，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。根据he had already lost his balance.可推知，它的身体已经停工。A. dropping down落下；B. tearing down拆卸；C. calming down平静下来；D. shutting down停工，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：直到今天，我依然记得它翠绿色眼睛中悲伤的神情。A. on在……上；B. to到；C. in在……里；D. for为了，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：直到今天，我依然记得它翠绿色眼睛中悲伤的神情。A. shameful可耻的；B. hateful可恨的；C. harmful有害的；D. sorrowful悲伤的，根据常识和文意可知，应该是悲伤的神情，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析。上文内容I ___3___ home with the cat held in my jacket.有线索held，可知这里意思是最后一次我握着它，它已经不是十年以前我发现的那只小猫了。A. helped帮助；B. protected保护；C. held握住；D. cured治愈，故选C。
28题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：Little Bit的死亡让我意识到它对我有多重要。A. illness疾病；B. death死亡；C. sadness悲伤；D. pressure压力，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我后悔我们最后在一起的时光。A. regret后悔；B. bother打扰；C. confuse混乱；D. dream梦想，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我将永远珍惜我们一起制造的特殊记忆。A. treasure珍惜；B. admire钦佩；C. evaluate评估；D. explore探索，故选A。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理"出最佳选项。同学们要遵循"上下求索"的原则来查找信息。例如小题1，下文The last time I___17___ him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before.中找到线索“tiny”，可知，这只黑白相间的小猫很小。A. lovely可爱的；B. tiny微小的；C. pretty漂亮的；D. friendly友好的，故选B。小题14根据he had already lost his balance.可知它的身体已经失去了平衡，由此推知它的身体已经停工。A. dropping down落下；B. tearing down拆卸；C. calming down平静下来；D. shutting down停工，故选D。
第三部分：阅读理解 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B,C, D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A Powerisers
The ability to jump two meters in the air may not be something you have thought too much about. And most people have never considered running at 30 kilometers an hour. But just stop for a moment and think about how our new product could change your life.
Your daily journey to your place of work is probably a mad dash for the bus. There is no point in taking your car because there are traffic jams, and anyway the car parks are probably very expensive or, worse still, full. Here is where Powerisers can help. It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.
That is the practical use for our product, but then there is sport and exercise. Powerisers are set to be the next extreme sport and the deep-fit tools. You can imagine the 100 meters, the high jump or basketball performed by athletes wearing Powerisers. And what better way to build your muscles and keep fit?
Our product is very simple. It is powered by a superlight spring, which uses the gravitational(重力的) pull from your body weight and pushes you with superhuman strength. There have been no records of serious injury related to the use of Powerisers, but extreme caution is recommended. We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet(头盔).
Powerisers make you feel as if you were walking on the moon. Now we make two different models: Basic and Professional. The Basic model is designed for the occasional users and costs around $ 500. The Professional model, which is designed for the competitive use, has a strongly-made structure and different springs, though that comes at the increased price of $800. Our Powerisers are guaranteed for two years and will be replaced without question if they fail during that period. That is how confident we are.
31. According to the passage, Powerisers can help you ______.
A. get on the bus B. jump over blocks
C. relax hard muscles D. lift heavy weights
32. A helmet is recommended to users to _______.
A. prevent them from being injured
B. provide them with superhuman strength
C. Offer them the feeling of walking on the moon
D. Bring them good results in competitive situations
33. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To advertise a sports product.
B. To show advantages of taking exercise
C. To explain basic principles of Powerisers
D. To introduce the development of Powerisers
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款产品Powerisers的功能、用途、使用注意事项以及价格等。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.（你只需要几分钟就能穿上它们，然后你就会离开，越过其他人，甚至跳过阻挡你的东西。）可知Powerisers可以帮助你跳过障碍物。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet.（我们强烈建议穿戴防护服，其中至少要佩戴头盔。）可知建议使用者戴上安全帽，是为了以免受伤。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了Powerisers的功能、用途，使用注意事项以及价格等。由此可知，作者的意图是为了给产品打广告。故选A。
【点睛】写作意图推理判断题。作者一般不直接表明自己意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和理论依据，客观地使读者信服某种想法和观点。这种题型要求我们不仅要理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作手法进行归纳、总结和分析的能力。推测作者的写作意图时，不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是娱乐读者（to entertain）；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或服务人们（to persuade）；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点（to argue）；科普文化类说明文的写作目的是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博见（to inform）。如第三小题，文章主要介绍了Powerisers的功能、用途，使用注意事项以及价格等。由此可知，作者的意图是为了给产品打广告。故选A。
B
My teacher held up a piece of broken glass and asked, “Who broke this window?”
Thirty boys tried to think about not only what they had done, but also what our teacher may have found out. She seldom became angry, but she was this time.
“Oh,”I thought. I was the one who broke the window. It was caused by a naughty throw of a baseball. If I admitted guilt, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that? I didn’t even get an allowance. “My father is going to have a fit.”I thought. I didn’t want to raise my hand, but some force much stronger than I was pulled it skyward. I told the truth. “I did it.”It was hard enough to say what I had.
My teacher took down a book from one of our library shelves and I had never known my teacher to strike a student, but I feared she was going to start with me.
“I know how you like bird,”she said as she stood looking down at my guilt-ridden face. “Here is that field guide about birds that you are constantly checking out. It is yours now. It’s time we got a new one for the school anyway. You will not be punished as long as you remember that I am not rewarding you for your misdeed, I am rewarding you for your truthfulness.”
I couldn’t believe it! I wasn’t being punished and I was getting my own bird field guide---the very one that I had been saving up money to buy.
All that remains of that day is my memory and the lesson my teacher taught me. That lesson stays with me every day, and it will echo forever.
34. From the story, we can learn that the boy _____.
A. didn’t break the window on purpose B. lacked the strength to admit his guilt
C. tried to think about what he had done D. didn’t know what the teacher would find out
35. If the boy admitted guilt, he thought he would NOT ______.
A. be punished by the teacher B. make his father angry
C. pay for the broken window D. get a bird field guide
36. Which of the following best describes the changes in the boy’s feelings?
A. Afraid--Surprised--Thankful B. Frightened--Amazed--Proud
C. Regretful--Guilty--Excited D. Nervous--Afraid--Satisfied
37. What is the lesson the boy’s teacher taught him?
A. Every coin has two sides B. Honesty is always valued
C. Bad luck never comes alone D. It’s never too late to be careful
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。一个男孩无意打破了窗户，本以为闯了祸会受到老师的惩罚，结果因为诚实承认过错，老师奖励了他最想要的观鸟指南的故事。老师教会了男孩要永远诚实。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Oh,”I thought. I was the one who broke the window. It was caused by a naughty throw of a baseball. If I admitted guilt, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that?（“哦,”我想。是我打破了窗户。这是由于淘气扔出了一个棒球造成的。如果我承认有罪，我就会有很多麻烦。我怎么能买得起那样大的窗户呢?）以及第五段第一句“I know how you like bird,”she said as she stood looking down at my guilt-ridden face.（“我知道你有多喜欢小鸟，”她站在那里看着我那充满内疚的脸说。）从男孩内心的想法以及愧疚的表情，可推知那个男孩并不是故意打破窗户的。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中If I admitted guilt, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that? I didn’t even get an allowance. “My father is going to have a fit.”I thought.（如果我承认了过错，我就会有很多麻烦。我怎么能买得起那样大的窗户呢?我甚至连零用钱都没有。“我父亲要大发脾气。“我想。）以及第四段My teacher took down a book from one of our library shelves and I had never known my teacher to strike a student, but I feared she was going to start with me.（我的老师从图书馆的书架上取下了一本书，我从来不知道老师会打学生，但我担心她会先打我。）可知如果男孩承认了过错，他想自己可能会赔偿打破的窗户、让父亲生气以及被老师惩罚，但是他没有想过会得到一本观鸟指南。故D选项不是男孩的想法。故选D。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三、四段男孩内心的想法，担心自己承认了过错会被要求赔偿打破的窗户、惹父亲生气和被老师惩罚可知，男孩一开始内心很害怕担心；根据倒数第二段I couldn’t believe it! I wasn’t being punished and I was getting my own bird field guide---the very one that I had been saving up money to buy.（我简直不敢相信!我没有受到惩罚，我有了自己的观鸟指南——就是我一直攒钱想买的那本。）可知男孩得知老师将观鸟指南送给了自己后，男孩感到非常惊讶，不敢相信；到最后一段All that remains of that day is my memory and the lesson my teacher taught me. That lesson stays with me every day, and it will echo forever.（那天留给的只有我的记忆和老师给我的教训。这个教训每天都伴随着我，而且将永远回响。）可知男孩最后非常感谢老师的这种教育方式，终身受益，可知男孩的内心对老师是感谢的。故害怕——惊讶——感恩最能描述男孩的感情变化。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中You will not be punished as long as you remember that I am not rewarding you for your misdeed, I am rewarding you for your truthfulness.（只要你记住我奖励你不是因为你做了坏事，而是因为你诚实，你就不会受到惩罚。）可知那个男孩的老师教了他要保持诚实。故选B。
C
The next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact, take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures and posture---the way you sit or stand--of the person with whom they are talking. This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. By this method, one is non-verbally (非语言的) saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.”
This unconscious (无意识地) mimicry is quite interesting to observe. Take, for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each other’s gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow. If one puts his hand in his pocket the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement.
This copying also occurs among good friends or people of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in very similar ways. People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual(相互的) positions. The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn, for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures.
If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end. Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss’s gestures in an attempt to show agreement. Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can “see” that you understand his point of view.
38. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Carbon Copying---Showing Agreement B. Developing Non-verbal Communication
C. How to avoid Carbon Copying D. Proper Social Behavior
39. What is "carbon copying" according to the passage?
A. To adopt identical gesture of others. B. To repeat what others have said.
C. To show agreement with others. D. To mock others.
40. In which of the following groups is carbon copying NOT frequently seen?
A. Married couples B. People not familiar with each other.
C. Good friends. D. People of the same social position.
41. What should an employer do to created a relaxing atmosphere for an employee?
A. Be polite. B. Avoid copying the employee’s gesture.
C. Be helpful. D. Copy the gesture of the employee.
【答案】38. A 39. A 40. B 41. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“carbon copying（复制）”现象，是指一个人通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势，来告诉另一个人自己赞同他的想法和态度。同时列举这种现象经常发生的场所，以及如何利用这些知识来让对方处于一种接受和放松的心态，“看到”你理解他的观点。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes.（这种“复制”是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。）以及文章主要围绕“carbon copying”是通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势来表达自己对他的赞同所展开的，故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. By this method, one is non-verbally saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.”（这种“复制”是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。通过这种方法，一个人不用语言就能对另一个人说:“你看，我和你想的一样，所以我会模仿你的姿势和手势。”）可知“carbon copying”是指采用和别人相同的手势。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual positions.（然而，陌生人会尽量避免持有共同的立场。）可知彼此不熟悉的人们不常看到“复制”现象。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end.（如果雇主希望与雇员建立直接的友好关系，营造轻松的氛围，他需要模仿雇员的姿势来达到目的。）可知雇主可以通过模仿雇员的动作，为雇员创造一个轻松的气氛。故选D。
D
Seeds on Ice
Close to the North Pole，remote and rocky Plateau Mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of
Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment，no grains，no gardens，no trees can grow. Yet at the end of a 130-meter-long tunnel cut out of solid stone is a room filled with humanity’s most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection—more than a half-billion seeds.
A quiet rescue mission is under way. With growing evidence that unchecked climate change-will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity （多样性） of crops around the world，the Svalbard Global Seed Vault （地窖） represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation （贮藏） of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits found within the seeds：the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot，dry weather.
Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed boxes，behind multiple locked doors，monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below—zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress. Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining （保留） their ability to grow for thousands of years.
Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy，impractical, and expensive idea.
We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired，fed up，and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and its crops might be better prepared for change. If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost, this would repay our efforts.
The Seed Vault is about hope and commitrnent - about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant，long-lasting，and worthy of who we are and wish to be
42. According to the passage, the Seed Vault is ___________.
A. a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayed
B. a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered crops
C. a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture
D. a lab where researchers study how to maintain the diversity of crops
43. The underlined word“viable”in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. mature B. clean
C. alive D. valuable
44. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us __________.
A. how the seeds are preserved B. where people keep the seeds
C. why the seeds are protected D. what people do to study the seeds
45. We can know from the passage that _________.
A. the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate change
B. most countries took part in rescuing the seed varieties
C. the Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversity
D. many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwise
【答案】42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读。文章介绍了种子基因库，为未来的农业储存多种种子的地方。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第三段Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining （保留） their ability to grow for thousands of years.（在这样的条件下，大多数主要农作物的种子在山里被冻住，可以存活数百年，甚至更长时间。有些种子能够保持它们生长数千年的能力。）由此推断出Seed Vault是一个种子基因库，为未来的农业储存多种种子，故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。下文Seeds of some are capable of retaining （保留） their ability to grow for thousands of years.说有些种子能够保持它们生长数千年的能力。由此推断出上文的意思是在这样的条件下，大多数主要农作物的种子都能在山中保存数百年。“viable”的意思是活着的，A. mature成熟的；B. clean干净的；C. alive活着的；D. valuable有价值的，故选C。
【44题详解】
段落大意题。答案定位在第三段In sealed boxes，behind multiple locked doors，monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below—zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress.（在密封的盒子里,在多个锁着的门后面,由电子安全系统监控,笼罩在零下的温度,被许多岩石包围,数以百万计的种子被山中堡垒所保护。）由此可知，这一段主要讲了种子是如何被保存的，故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第三段But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy，impractical, and expensive idea.（但早在2004年,提出了种子库时,它被视为一个疯狂的,不切实际的,和昂贵的想法）由此推断出最初，许多人认为修建种子库是不明智的，故选D。
【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题4，答案定位在倒数第三段But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy，impractical, and expensive idea.（但早在2004年,提出了种子库时,它被视为一个疯狂的,不切实际的,和昂贵的想法）由此推断出最初，许多人认为修建种子库是不明智的，故选D。
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分30分）
第一节
翻译句子，使用所给的词或短语翻译句子。
46. 我期待在2020年游览故宫或在那里做志愿者。（look forward to, the Forbidden City)
47. 我奶奶现在会把照片附在电子邮件里了。（capable, attach)
48. 相比于占别人便宜，我们更愿意通过努力工作来获得好处。（prefer...rather than, gain benefit, take advantage of )
49. 昨天你提醒他给我的朋友们在酒店订三个房间了吗？（remind,book）
50. Mark发现学英语很有趣，在英语上付出的努力也终会有回报。（find...adj., pay off）
【答案】46. I look forward to visiting the Forbidden City in 2020 or working there as a volunteer.
47. My grandma is now capable of attaching photos to emails.
48. We preferred to work hard to gain benefits rather than take advantage of others.
49. Did you remind him to book three rooms in the hotel for my friends?
50. Mark finds learning English interesting and the efforts in learning it will finally/eventually pay off.
【解析】
考查句子翻译。
【46题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”；the Forbidden City“故宫”；work as“担任；作为”。结合句意应用一般现在时，主语为I，动词用原形。故填I look forward to visiting the Forbidden City in 2020 or working there as a volunteer.。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语be capable of doing sth.“能够做某事”；attach sth. to sth.“将某物附在……上”。结合句意可知应用一般现在时，主语为grandma，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填My grandma is now capable of attaching photos to emails.。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语prefer...rather than“相比于……更愿意”；gain benefit“受益”；take advantage of “利用”。结合句意用一般过去时。故填We preferred to work hard to gain benefits rather than take advantage of others.。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”；book room“预订房间”。结合句意应用一般过去时，且为一般疑问句。故填Did you remind him to book three rooms in the hotel for my friends?
【50题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语find sth.+形容词“发现某事怎么样”；pay off“得到好结果”。结合句意可知应一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填Mark finds learning English interesting and the efforts in learning it will finally/eventually pay off.。
第二节 应用文（满分15分）
51.假设你是中国某高中学生李华。请给你的朋友Mark介绍一个中国节日，包含以下内容：1. 节日名字，时间；2. 节日的习俗；3. 节日的意义。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mark,
I’m delighted to know you are interested in traditional Chinese festival. You must have never heard of Chong Yang Festival, but it is actually my favorite. It falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Since nine is the largest single number, it is viewed as Senior Citizens’ Day. People often do activities like going hiking and admiring flowers on this day.
As for me, I had never thought about doing anything for the elderly until I learned about the festival at school. Our teacher asked us to do a nice thing for our grandparents. For the first time in my life, I washed my grandma’s feet. I’ll never forget the sweet smile she wore and the happiness I felt.
You see, I like Chong Yang Festival not just because of the popular activities. The most important reason is that it served as reminder that I should do something to show my appreciation to my grandparents’ love for me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假设你是中国某高中学生李华。请给你的朋友Mark介绍一个中国节日，包含以下内容：1. 节日名字，时间；2. 节日的习俗；3. 节日的意义。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：be delighted（高兴）；be interested in（感兴趣）；heard of（听说）；lunar month （农历）；admiring flowers （赏花）；serve as（担任）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如Since nine is the largest single number, it is viewed as Senior Citizens’ Day.运用了原因状语从句；The most important reason is that it served as reminder that I should do something to show my appreciation to my grandparents’ love for me.运用了表语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
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