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牛津上海版九年级 首字母填空考点分析与解题技巧讲解（有答案）
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首字母填空考点分析与解题技巧讲解
（一）首字母填空的特点和中考趋势
1) 首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。
2) 从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100～150之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，如：英国人分期付款购房；度假回来的路上买家具的小故事；食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响；被驯化的动物可以为人们做事情等，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。
（二）首字母填空的解题技巧
台阶式解题法：
台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。
批注：词性和句子成分在解答首字母填空题时很重要。如果学生可以判断出一个句子缺少了什么成分，而又知道该种句子成分由何种词性的词汇可以充当，这样可以大大缩小选择范围，也可以避免一些语法错误。以下是详细的讲解及训练。
1) 对主语的判断
1. T_______ are helpful to students.
2. H_____ is more important to me than money.
3. Some famous s_______ are going to give lectures in our university in August.
4. F_______ is my favourite sport.
5. C________ stamps is my hobby.
Keys: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scholars 4. Fishing 5. Collecting
批注：由于做篇章式样的首字母填空时会受到前后逻辑关系的影响，会加大填空难度。因此这里遵循由易入难的原则，先从单一的句子开始做起。这里需要学生发挥想象力来填充，题目难度比较低，不存在理解困难。做完让学生自己做个总结，哪些词性可以充当主语：名词、动名词、代词、数词等。
2) 对谓语的判断
John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman began r_________ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”
Keys: 1. came 2. asked 3.answered 4. ringing 5. turned 6. said 7. say 8. is
批注：通过这个简单的小篇章，老师需要引导学生去发现，谓语都是由哪些词性来充当的：只有动词是可以的。由于文章中涉及到直接英语和间接引语，学生可以发现动词的时态在填空时需要关注。
3) 对宾语的判断
1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.
2. Thank you for your k_______.
3. He is a poor scientist. At last he sold his i______.
Keys: 1. development 2. kindness 3. inventions
批注：讲解充当宾语成分的词性时，需要和主语对比着讲解，基本上可以充当主语的词性都可以充当宾语，如：名词、代词、动名词、数词等。
4) 对表语的判断
1. It is i______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
2. The sick man is getting w______.
3. Patrick is going to be an e______ when he grows up.
4. Such cold weather is quite u_____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again.
5. It’s a p______ to have a picnic with all the members.
Keys:1. impossible 2. worse 3. educator 4. unusual 5. Pleasure
批注：表语一般要放到系动词的后面，所以能正确识别系动词是关键。常见的系动词：感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel+状态动词（be, seem, appear, stay, remain, keep）+动态系动词（get, become, grow, go, turn, fall, make）
5) 对定语的判断
1. The f_______ exams usually take place at the end of June.
2. On a c_____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.
3. This is an i_____ book.
4. The French artist said, “it is my f_____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much.
5. The book w_____ by Luxun is very famous.
6. Do you often go to the s_______ pool near your school?
Keys: 1.final 2.clear 3. Interesting 4.first 5. written 6.swimming
批注：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当定语的词性：形容词、序数词、现在分词、过去分词。
6) 对状语的判断
1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e______
2. Watch c______, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.
3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s______ at last.
Keys: 1.easily 2.carefully 3.safely
批注：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当状语的词性：副词（可以用于修饰动词、形容词和副词）
7) 对连词的判断
British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, s______ they have to work pretty hard!
keys: so
批注：老师需要引导学生透过句子和句子之间的关系判断逻辑关系。就像这里提到的，英国的少年为了通过考试需要学十门学科，因此要非常努力。
台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步
1. Fried food tastes quite good, but in fact it is ________ food. (health)
2. Tom’s ______ made the people all over the world sad. (die)
3. In some supermarkets you can easily choose the suitable ________ appliance. (electricity)
4. With the development of our country, more and more people go abroad for further study and ________ visits. (educate)
5. Let me ________ myself to everyone. (introduction)
6. Jack’s parents are proud of his ________. (honest)
7. Luckily, the man wasn’t ________ hurt. (bad)
8. I saw a dog ________ (lie) in front of our house this morning.
Keys: 1.unhealthy 2.death 3.electric 4.educational 5.introduce 6.honesty 7.badly 8.lying
台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力
Exercise: Guess the missing word.
1. ________ are helpful to students.
2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge.
3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents.
4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.
批注：思维发散和逐步收缩是解答首字母填空的关键，是学生需要培养的能力。首先，只给出一句话，答案一般不会有一个，如上面的题目1，parents/teachers/books….都是正确的，可以说基本是无法穷尽的；题目2多了后面一条限制“They give them knowledge”,第一步的答案将会被删除掉很大一部分，这里parents/teachers/books还是正确的；题目3后面的限制使答案非常确定，就是teachers；回到问题4，要重新做个筛选，sports可以是正确的，但是parents/teachers/books就不正确了。
透过这组小练习，需要培养学生的解题习惯：发散思维，画个思维导图，想到很多可能性；根据后面的限制条件逐个筛选，直至选出最佳的答案为止。
台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段
练习的时候可以由浅入深的，刚开始可以看点简单的，关键还是锻炼自己判断词性的能力。
Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_______ the school soon. The s_______ in his class have given h______ a lot of p_______. Among t______ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m______ by the students themselves.
Photos will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_________ when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a p_______ to s ______ goodbye to him.
Keys: 1.leaving 2.students 3.him 4.presents 5.them 6.made 7.help 8.time 9.they 10.party 11.say
（二）经典透视
【例1】
Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in London. I chose to live here because there is never a b l moment in a city like London. I'm an art student and the busy life in a city does good to my painting. In addition, I can get everything I need so close at hand, living beside the underground station means I don't need a car to get around. It s 2 me money. Also there are malls cinemas libraries and museums everywhere．
Of course, London like any large city, has p 3 ,too. Londoners don't chat on the underground or bus and there is much less community spirit than in the country, where my parents lives. In fact, they don't understand how I can put up with the noise and pollution, and traffic jams. However, I see that as a small price to p 4 . As a famous saying goes, “he who is tired of London is tired of life."
Hello! My name is Marianna and I live in Australia, on a huge ranch. It's a beautiful area with wonderful scenery. I live with my husband Joe and our t 5 children, Patrick, 11, and Abby,8. We have lived on this ranch for several years and we love our healthy lifestyle. The children have lots of s 6 to run around and enjoy the peace and quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We produce a lot of our own food which is nice and healthy. There's lots of hard work to do running a ranch, but we don't mind.
Of course, country life also has weak points. We feel isolated sometimes, too, especially since the n 7 neighbors are almost 100 km away. One more trouble is that we can't get many things as easily as we do in the city. There are no schools, supermarkets or shops, and if we are ill we have to call the flying doctor. Although life here can be difficult, we wouldn't change it for the world.
【解析】
1．既然选择居住在那儿，是因为有趣，而非无趣，填boring.
2．坐地铁要比开车节约费用，用save，注意由于是it主语，加s，填saves。
3．下文提到的都是London这座城市存在的问题，填problems，注意复数形式。
4．人作主语，付钱用pay.
5．Patrick和Abby是两个孩子，填two。
6．通过对整句的理解，是孩子们有足够的空间用于跑步，填space，这里它是个不可数名词。
7. 100 km away是个表距离的词组，这里指最近的邻居，填nearest。
【例2】
Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life easier for somebody? P 1 we all do sometimes, but we don't often make the idea a real thing. Recently, there was a competition in a country, which encouraged young people to make their bright ideas come true. There were t 2 groups in the contest: Group A was for school children under 16; Group B was for those o 3 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.
Neil Hunt, one of the prize-winners, was c 4 “Sunshine Superman” by one newspaper writing about his design. When people study the weather, it's important to be able to record the sunshine accurately. We need to know how many h 5 of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders o 6 record direct （直接的）sunshine. Neil's is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using solar power. Neil plans to keep inventing. The ideas in the competition were so g 7 that we are surprised that the industry（工业界）doesn't ask more school children for suggestions.
【解析】
1．副词，可能性，填Perhaps/ Probably。
2．后文有Group A和Group B,填two。
3．文中提到Group A是16岁以下，那么很明显，Group B是1 6岁以上，填over。
4. “Sunshine Superman”是名称，被叫做，填called。
5．这里理解为“多少小时”，填hours。
6．下一句中的more，折射出这里填一个与之做比较的词，填only。
7．阅读完文章，总结下来，这里需要一个形容词构成so…that,填great/good。
【例3】
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填人适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
People often think Dimetrodon is a dinosaur（恐龙），but it was in fact n l a dinosaurat all. It was one of the reptiles（爬虫动物）on the earth during the 1 2 Permlan（二叠纪）period.
It was a large reptile. It lived in swampy（沼泽的）areas and had avery funny f 3 --a large sail（脊鳍）on its back. Dimetrodon was a 4 to warm up in the morning and cool off q 5 during the day with the help of its sail.
It's easy to distinguish(区别)a Dimetrodon f 6 a dinosaur. Dimetrodon's legs were on the side of its body while dinosaurs had their legs under their bodies. It probably ran very fast a 7 it was very heavy.
【解析】
第一题填not。根据前半句人们经常认为Dimetrodon是一种恐龙，但事实上它并不是，but表达转折与前句的否定。
第二题填late。表达时间是很清楚的，这种动物在二叠纪时期的后期出现，所给首字母是l，而不是e，如果是早期出现，那么应填early。
第三题填feature。本题所缺词型为名词，讲这种爬行动物的后背有一个大的脊鳍，这是讲它的特征。
第四、第五题分别填able和quickly。表达这种动物的脊鳍的作用：可以早上暖和，白天又很快地冷却。
第六题填from。这是一个固定搭配，distinguish…from表示两者的区分。
第七题填although。表达这种动物虽然很重，但跑得很快的逻辑关系。
【例4】
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Every day standing at my information desk, I have to answer 1 l of questions of the travellers coming from all o 2 the world. People may a 3 the stranges tthings sometimes. I'm often surprised at the different questions that people ask.
My job is o 4 to give information about bus and underground railway routes（路线）in the city. Of course, travellers always have questions about the best ways to get to some interesting places. But quite often people are interested to know the names of the best hotels or restaurants. Others like to know about museums, hospitals or schools. Once a man w 5 me to take care of his dog and a 6 time a woman asked me to watch her seven children!
I love my job t 7 I’am always busy.
【解析】
短文的第一句点明了作者的工作是车站的问询员，每天得回答来自世界各地的旅客提出的许多问题。修饰可数的复数名词questions可用many、a lot of或lots of，这里根据搭配填lots。
第二题中all over the world意思是throughout the world“遍及全世界”，是固定词组。
第三题根据下文I'm often surprised at the different questions that people ask可知这里应该填ask。
第四个空格不填不影响句意：“我的工作是提供城市公交和地铁线路的信息。”因此可以从语义上考虑：“我的工作仅仅是提供城市公交和地铁线路的信息”。以字母o开头，表示“仅仅”应该填only。
表达句意“想要某人做某事”有以下几种搭配：ask sb.to do sth /tell sb.to do sth /want sb. to do sth．第五题所给的首字母是w，所以填wanted。要注意，叙述以前曾发生过的事，应该用一般过去时。
第六题只需知道表达“一次……另一次……”英语是Once…another time…。
最后一句的前后两部分有转折意味，所以填连词though。这句话也可以表达成：I am always busy, but I love my job.注意：英语中连词though和but不能在一个句子中同时使用。如：“尽管他年纪大了，但他仍旧在工作。”可以译作：Though he is old, he is still working．或He is old but he is still working.
在做短文填空题时，要注意词语的搭配和句子结构的搭配。如：so…that, so as to, such as, such…that, It is…since…，It is... that…，It is not long before…，It takes sb.time to do sth, sb. spends time/money on sth./(in) doing sth, sth cost sb. time/money等经常出现。在做练习时，要善于参照句子结构和词组搭配的前半部分，考虑选择搭配的后半部分，或根据后半部分想前半部分的词语。考虑填空时，一定要仔细，因为有些词和不同的连词或介词搭配会表达不同的意思，产生不同的句子结构，如：be busy with sth．（忙于某事），be busy doing sth（忙于做某事），不可以说be busy with doing sth。因此要看清楚句子结构的要求和句子的意思再作出正确的判断。本篇短文中的第一、二、五、六、七小题都可以用搭配法来解。
能力检测
Passage1
Ants can be seen everywhere. They have no bones but their b 1 are hard and rigid. They are covered in a skin, called cuticle, which is as hard as a shell. Ants are very light, but they can pull an object 70 times h 2 than themselves.
Ants are social creatures and they live in large, well-organized societies. Each one has a clear role in the society. A 3 mating, queens tear off their wings and eat them before returning to the nest. Only future queens and males are b 4 with wings. Workers are females. They do all kinds of jobs such as building nests and r 5 the young. Honey ants c 6 honeydew. They store it in their crops or stomachs. When no other food is a 7 , they regurgitate the honeydew to feed the colony.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________
Passage 2
Japanese students work very hard, but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures from their parents. Most students are always told by their parents to study harder and b 1 so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be good for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have their parents lose h 2 . Such students feel that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don't w 3 to go to school any longer. They become dropouts.
It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried a 4 their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are no able to help their children and that it is the t 5 work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends -- they only teach the students how to pass the exams and never teach them any real sense of the world.
Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything, from the students' hair to their c 6 and things in their school bags. Child psychologists now think that such strict rules are h 7 to the feelings of the students.Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love and care for others, even for their parents.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________
Passage 3
One of the most famous movie p 1 in the world is the Oscar. Every year in the United States, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gives Oscars to people who have done well in the movies. There is an Oscar for the best movie of the year, a 2 for the best actor, and Oscars for doing many other things well in the movies.
This year, the 76th annual Oscar Awards were p 3 on Sunday, February 29th, 2004, at the Kodar Theatre at Hollywood and Highland. Lord of the Rings: Return of the King won 11 Academy Awards.
Oscars are very important b 4 people want to see movies that have won them. They a 5 want to see actors who have won Oscars. This means that movies that have won Oscars make a lot of money. The Academy first gave prizes to movies in 1927, but they were not called Oscars then. That happened four years l 6 . Most people think that Oscar was someone famous in the movies, but he wasn't. He was no one important. He was someone that a woman called Margaret knew. She worked f 7 the Academy and one day she saw the prize on a table. She said, "He looks like my good friend, Oscar.” From that time on the prizes were called the Oscars.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________
【Keys】
Passage 1: bodies 2. heavier 3. After 4. born 5. raising 6. collect 7. available
Passage 2: better 2. hope 3. want 4. about 5. teachers’ 6. clothes 7. harmful
Passage 3: 1. prizes 2. another 3. presented 4. because 5. also 6. later 7. f
课后作业
Passage 4
When I was a child, I like people with blue eyes. I had a few dolls, and I a 1 made their eyes blue. I was really very happy with my dolls with blue eyes. Time went q 2 . Soon I was not a child any m 3 . I finished my studies when I was 20. I liked to drive my father's old car. Once I went to a town nearby. I was busy that day and p 4 my car near the office. In a few minutes I came back and a young policeman was waiting for me n 5 my car. I was not h 6 to see him because I knew I had parked badly. I gave him a few pounds for the fine and just then I saw his beautiful blue eyes. I said to him, "Your eyes are so nice. " He smiled and said good-bye to me. In the evening the blue-eyed policeman telephoned me. The next day we went to the cinema. And what else? My story has a happy e 7 . We married and we now live happily t 8 .
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________
Passage 5
The mobile phone is one of the most popular means of modern communication. As a modern way of communication, it's c 1 and useful. For example, it can be easily carried about about in pockets, so you can take it wherever you go. Your family can keep in touch with you at any time wherever you are. B 2 , with a mobile phone, you can easily contact a police station or a hospital in case of emergency. What' s more, young girls really look smart with a mini phone a 3 their neck.
Recently, engineers have d 4 a new model of mobile phone. With this phone, you do not have to look up the number of the person you want to call. You j 5 say the name of the person. Then, the phone will recognize the name, and dial the wanted number. If you are a forgetful person, this could be the phone for you. You can record up to 20 different numbers. In addition, you can also play games, go on-line or store short information with the new mod el. To many managers, it has become a n 6 office tool.
H 7 , mobile phone users do have to follow certain rules. For example, they should not use their phones on airplanes. They should turn off their phones in public places in order not to disturb o 8 . Only when the rules are followed, can the users avoid dangerous or un pleasant results.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________
Passage 6
Only Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything all h 1 life. When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as p 2 . In your waking h 3 she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night a 4 forgets about herself. When you are growing up day by day, she feels very h 5 . When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind and w 6 for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels worried about you at home. She usually knows about your study and spends much money on your school things. When you do well at school, you will see the brightest s 7 on her face.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h 8 to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother Love for ever!
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________
Passage 7
Even before there was Christmas, people used evergreen plants to d 1 their homes in the winter. Hanging evergreen plants o 2 a door during the cold, dark winter made people feel less cold, because g 3 was a spring color!
It wasn' t until the 16th c 4 in Germany that people started to use trees as decorations around Christmas. Then in the 1 5 1700s some Germans went to Pennsylvania, USA, and brought the first C 6 trees to America.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________
Passage 4: 1. always 2. quickly 3. more 4. parked 5. near 6. happy 7. ending 8. together
Passage 5: convenient 2. Besides 3. around 4. developed 5. just 6. necessary 7. However 8. others
Passage 6: 1. her 2. possible 3. hours 4. and 5. happy 6. waits 7. smile 8. has
Passage 7: 1. decorate 2. over 3. green 4. century 5. late 6. Christmas
（一）首字母填空的特点和中考趋势
1) 首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。
2) 从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100～150之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，如：英国人分期付款购房；度假回来的路上买家具的小故事；食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响；被驯化的动物可以为人们做事情等，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。
（二）首字母填空的解题技巧
台阶式解题法：
台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。
批注：词性和句子成分在解答首字母填空题时很重要。如果学生可以判断出一个句子缺少了什么成分，而又知道该种句子成分由何种词性的词汇可以充当，这样可以大大缩小选择范围，也可以避免一些语法错误。以下是详细的讲解及训练。
1) 对主语的判断
1. T_______ are helpful to students.
2. H_____ is more important to me than money.
3. Some famous s_______ are going to give lectures in our university in August.
4. F_______ is my favourite sport.
5. C________ stamps is my hobby.
Keys: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scholars 4. Fishing 5. Collecting
批注：由于做篇章式样的首字母填空时会受到前后逻辑关系的影响，会加大填空难度。因此这里遵循由易入难的原则，先从单一的句子开始做起。这里需要学生发挥想象力来填充，题目难度比较低，不存在理解困难。做完让学生自己做个总结，哪些词性可以充当主语：名词、动名词、代词、数词等。
2) 对谓语的判断
John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman began r_________ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”
Keys: 1. came 2. asked 3.answered 4. ringing 5. turned 6. said 7. say 8. is
批注：通过这个简单的小篇章，老师需要引导学生去发现，谓语都是由哪些词性来充当的：只有动词是可以的。由于文章中涉及到直接英语和间接引语，学生可以发现动词的时态在填空时需要关注。
3) 对宾语的判断
1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.
2. Thank you for your k_______.
3. He is a poor scientist. At last he sold his i______.
Keys: 1. development 2. kindness 3. inventions
批注：讲解充当宾语成分的词性时，需要和主语对比着讲解，基本上可以充当主语的词性都可以充当宾语，如：名词、代词、动名词、数词等。
4) 对表语的判断
1. It is i______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
2. The sick man is getting w______.
3. Patrick is going to be an e______ when he grows up.
4. Such cold weather is quite u_____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again.
5. It’s a p______ to have a picnic with all the members.
Keys:1. impossible 2. worse 3. educator 4. unusual 5. Pleasure
批注：表语一般要放到系动词的后面，所以能正确识别系动词是关键。常见的系动词：感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel+状态动词（be, seem, appear, stay, remain, keep）+动态系动词（get, become, grow, go, turn, fall, make）
5) 对定语的判断
1. The f_______ exams usually take place at the end of June.
2. On a c_____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.
3. This is an i_____ book.
4. The French artist said, “it is my f_____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much.
5. The book w_____ by Luxun is very famous.
6. Do you often go to the s_______ pool near your school?
Keys: 1.final 2.clear 3. Interesting 4.first 5. written 6.swimming
批注：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当定语的词性：形容词、序数词、现在分词、过去分词。
6) 对状语的判断
1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e______
2. Watch c______, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.
3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s______ at last.
Keys: 1.easily 2.carefully 3.safely
批注：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当状语的词性：副词（可以用于修饰动词、形容词和副词）
7) 对连词的判断
British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, s______ they have to work pretty hard!
keys: so
批注：老师需要引导学生透过句子和句子之间的关系判断逻辑关系。就像这里提到的，英国的少年为了通过考试需要学十门学科，因此要非常努力。
台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步
1. Fried food tastes quite good, but in fact it is ________ food. (health)
2. Tom’s ______ made the people all over the world sad. (die)
3. In some supermarkets you can easily choose the suitable ________ appliance. (electricity)
4. With the development of our country, more and more people go abroad for further study and ________ visits. (educate)
5. Let me ________ myself to everyone. (introduction)
6. Jack’s parents are proud of his ________. (honest)
7. Luckily, the man wasn’t ________ hurt. (bad)
8. I saw a dog ________ (lie) in front of our house this morning.
Keys: 1.unhealthy 2.death 3.electric 4.educational 5.introduce 6.honesty 7.badly 8.lying
台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力
Exercise: Guess the missing word.
1. ________ are helpful to students.
2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge.
3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents.
4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.
批注：思维发散和逐步收缩是解答首字母填空的关键，是学生需要培养的能力。首先，只给出一句话，答案一般不会有一个，如上面的题目1，parents/teachers/books….都是正确的，可以说基本是无法穷尽的；题目2多了后面一条限制“They give them knowledge”,第一步的答案将会被删除掉很大一部分，这里parents/teachers/books还是正确的；题目3后面的限制使答案非常确定，就是teachers；回到问题4，要重新做个筛选，sports可以是正确的，但是parents/teachers/books就不正确了。
透过这组小练习，需要培养学生的解题习惯：发散思维，画个思维导图，想到很多可能性；根据后面的限制条件逐个筛选，直至选出最佳的答案为止。
台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段
练习的时候可以由浅入深的，刚开始可以看点简单的，关键还是锻炼自己判断词性的能力。
Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_______ the school soon. The s_______ in his class have given h______ a lot of p_______. Among t______ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m______ by the students themselves.
Photos will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_________ when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a p_______ to s ______ goodbye to him.
Keys: 1.leaving 2.students 3.him 4.presents 5.them 6.made 7.help 8.time 9.they 10.party 11.say
（二）经典透视
【例1】
Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in London. I chose to live here because there is never a b l moment in a city like London. I'm an art student and the busy life in a city does good to my painting. In addition, I can get everything I need so close at hand, living beside the underground station means I don't need a car to get around. It s 2 me money. Also there are malls cinemas libraries and museums everywhere．
Of course, London like any large city, has p 3 ,too. Londoners don't chat on the underground or bus and there is much less community spirit than in the country, where my parents lives. In fact, they don't understand how I can put up with the noise and pollution, and traffic jams. However, I see that as a small price to p 4 . As a famous saying goes, “he who is tired of London is tired of life."
Hello! My name is Marianna and I live in Australia, on a huge ranch. It's a beautiful area with wonderful scenery. I live with my husband Joe and our t 5 children, Patrick, 11, and Abby,8. We have lived on this ranch for several years and we love our healthy lifestyle. The children have lots of s 6 to run around and enjoy the peace and quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We produce a lot of our own food which is nice and healthy. There's lots of hard work to do running a ranch, but we don't mind.
Of course, country life also has weak points. We feel isolated sometimes, too, especially since the n 7 neighbors are almost 100 km away. One more trouble is that we can't get many things as easily as we do in the city. There are no schools, supermarkets or shops, and if we are ill we have to call the flying doctor. Although life here can be difficult, we wouldn't change it for the world.
【解析】
1．既然选择居住在那儿，是因为有趣，而非无趣，填boring.
2．坐地铁要比开车节约费用，用save，注意由于是it主语，加s，填saves。
3．下文提到的都是London这座城市存在的问题，填problems，注意复数形式。
4．人作主语，付钱用pay.
5．Patrick和Abby是两个孩子，填two。
6．通过对整句的理解，是孩子们有足够的空间用于跑步，填space，这里它是个不可数名词。
7. 100 km away是个表距离的词组，这里指最近的邻居，填nearest。
【例2】
Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life easier for somebody? P 1 we all do sometimes, but we don't often make the idea a real thing. Recently, there was a competition in a country, which encouraged young people to make their bright ideas come true. There were t 2 groups in the contest: Group A was for school children under 16; Group B was for those o 3 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.
Neil Hunt, one of the prize-winners, was c 4 “Sunshine Superman” by one newspaper writing about his design. When people study the weather, it's important to be able to record the sunshine accurately. We need to know how many h 5 of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders o 6 record direct （直接的）sunshine. Neil's is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using solar power. Neil plans to keep inventing. The ideas in the competition were so g 7 that we are surprised that the industry（工业界）doesn't ask more school children for suggestions.
【解析】
1．副词，可能性，填Perhaps/ Probably。
2．后文有Group A和Group B,填two。
3．文中提到Group A是16岁以下，那么很明显，Group B是1 6岁以上，填over。
4. “Sunshine Superman”是名称，被叫做，填called。
5．这里理解为“多少小时”，填hours。
6．下一句中的more，折射出这里填一个与之做比较的词，填only。
7．阅读完文章，总结下来，这里需要一个形容词构成so…that,填great/good。
【例3】
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填人适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
People often think Dimetrodon is a dinosaur（恐龙），but it was in fact n l a dinosaurat all. It was one of the reptiles（爬虫动物）on the earth during the 1 2 Permlan（二叠纪）period.
It was a large reptile. It lived in swampy（沼泽的）areas and had avery funny f 3 --a large sail（脊鳍）on its back. Dimetrodon was a 4 to warm up in the morning and cool off q 5 during the day with the help of its sail.
It's easy to distinguish(区别)a Dimetrodon f 6 a dinosaur. Dimetrodon's legs were on the side of its body while dinosaurs had their legs under their bodies. It probably ran very fast a 7 it was very heavy.
【解析】
第一题填not。根据前半句人们经常认为Dimetrodon是一种恐龙，但事实上它并不是，but表达转折与前句的否定。
第二题填late。表达时间是很清楚的，这种动物在二叠纪时期的后期出现，所给首字母是l，而不是e，如果是早期出现，那么应填early。
第三题填feature。本题所缺词型为名词，讲这种爬行动物的后背有一个大的脊鳍，这是讲它的特征。
第四、第五题分别填able和quickly。表达这种动物的脊鳍的作用：可以早上暖和，白天又很快地冷却。
第六题填from。这是一个固定搭配，distinguish…from表示两者的区分。
第七题填although。表达这种动物虽然很重，但跑得很快的逻辑关系。
【例4】
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Every day standing at my information desk, I have to answer 1 l of questions of the travellers coming from all o 2 the world. People may a 3 the stranges tthings sometimes. I'm often surprised at the different questions that people ask.
My job is o 4 to give information about bus and underground railway routes（路线）in the city. Of course, travellers always have questions about the best ways to get to some interesting places. But quite often people are interested to know the names of the best hotels or restaurants. Others like to know about museums, hospitals or schools. Once a man w 5 me to take care of his dog and a 6 time a woman asked me to watch her seven children!
I love my job t 7 I’am always busy.
【解析】
短文的第一句点明了作者的工作是车站的问询员，每天得回答来自世界各地的旅客提出的许多问题。修饰可数的复数名词questions可用many、a lot of或lots of，这里根据搭配填lots。
第二题中all over the world意思是throughout the world“遍及全世界”，是固定词组。
第三题根据下文I'm often surprised at the different questions that people ask可知这里应该填ask。
第四个空格不填不影响句意：“我的工作是提供城市公交和地铁线路的信息。”因此可以从语义上考虑：“我的工作仅仅是提供城市公交和地铁线路的信息”。以字母o开头，表示“仅仅”应该填only。
表达句意“想要某人做某事”有以下几种搭配：ask sb.to do sth /tell sb.to do sth /want sb. to do sth．第五题所给的首字母是w，所以填wanted。要注意，叙述以前曾发生过的事，应该用一般过去时。
第六题只需知道表达“一次……另一次……”英语是Once…another time…。
最后一句的前后两部分有转折意味，所以填连词though。这句话也可以表达成：I am always busy, but I love my job.注意：英语中连词though和but不能在一个句子中同时使用。如：“尽管他年纪大了，但他仍旧在工作。”可以译作：Though he is old, he is still working．或He is old but he is still working.
在做短文填空题时，要注意词语的搭配和句子结构的搭配。如：so…that, so as to, such as, such…that, It is…since…，It is... that…，It is not long before…，It takes sb.time to do sth, sb. spends time/money on sth./(in) doing sth, sth cost sb. time/money等经常出现。在做练习时，要善于参照句子结构和词组搭配的前半部分，考虑选择搭配的后半部分，或根据后半部分想前半部分的词语。考虑填空时，一定要仔细，因为有些词和不同的连词或介词搭配会表达不同的意思，产生不同的句子结构，如：be busy with sth．（忙于某事），be busy doing sth（忙于做某事），不可以说be busy with doing sth。因此要看清楚句子结构的要求和句子的意思再作出正确的判断。本篇短文中的第一、二、五、六、七小题都可以用搭配法来解。
能力检测
Passage1
Ants can be seen everywhere. They have no bones but their b 1 are hard and rigid. They are covered in a skin, called cuticle, which is as hard as a shell. Ants are very light, but they can pull an object 70 times h 2 than themselves.
Ants are social creatures and they live in large, well-organized societies. Each one has a clear role in the society. A 3 mating, queens tear off their wings and eat them before returning to the nest. Only future queens and males are b 4 with wings. Workers are females. They do all kinds of jobs such as building nests and r 5 the young. Honey ants c 6 honeydew. They store it in their crops or stomachs. When no other food is a 7 , they regurgitate the honeydew to feed the colony.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________
Passage 2
Japanese students work very hard, but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures from their parents. Most students are always told by their parents to study harder and b 1 so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be good for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have their parents lose h 2 . Such students feel that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don't w 3 to go to school any longer. They become dropouts.
It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried a 4 their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are no able to help their children and that it is the t 5 work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends -- they only teach the students how to pass the exams and never teach them any real sense of the world.
Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything, from the students' hair to their c 6 and things in their school bags. Child psychologists now think that such strict rules are h 7 to the feelings of the students.Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love and care for others, even for their parents.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________
Passage 3
One of the most famous movie p 1 in the world is the Oscar. Every year in the United States, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gives Oscars to people who have done well in the movies. There is an Oscar for the best movie of the year, a 2 for the best actor, and Oscars for doing many other things well in the movies.
This year, the 76th annual Oscar Awards were p 3 on Sunday, February 29th, 2004, at the Kodar Theatre at Hollywood and Highland. Lord of the Rings: Return of the King won 11 Academy Awards.
Oscars are very important b 4 people want to see movies that have won them. They a 5 want to see actors who have won Oscars. This means that movies that have won Oscars make a lot of money. The Academy first gave prizes to movies in 1927, but they were not called Oscars then. That happened four years l 6 . Most people think that Oscar was someone famous in the movies, but he wasn't. He was no one important. He was someone that a woman called Margaret knew. She worked f 7 the Academy and one day she saw the prize on a table. She said, "He looks like my good friend, Oscar.” From that time on the prizes were called the Oscars.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________
【Keys】
Passage 1: bodies 2. heavier 3. After 4. born 5. raising 6. collect 7. available
Passage 2: better 2. hope 3. want 4. about 5. teachers’ 6. clothes 7. harmful
Passage 3: 1. prizes 2. another 3. presented 4. because 5. also 6. later 7. f
课后作业
Passage 4
When I was a child, I like people with blue eyes. I had a few dolls, and I a 1 made their eyes blue. I was really very happy with my dolls with blue eyes. Time went q 2 . Soon I was not a child any m 3 . I finished my studies when I was 20. I liked to drive my father's old car. Once I went to a town nearby. I was busy that day and p 4 my car near the office. In a few minutes I came back and a young policeman was waiting for me n 5 my car. I was not h 6 to see him because I knew I had parked badly. I gave him a few pounds for the fine and just then I saw his beautiful blue eyes. I said to him, "Your eyes are so nice. " He smiled and said good-bye to me. In the evening the blue-eyed policeman telephoned me. The next day we went to the cinema. And what else? My story has a happy e 7 . We married and we now live happily t 8 .
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________
Passage 5
The mobile phone is one of the most popular means of modern communication. As a modern way of communication, it's c 1 and useful. For example, it can be easily carried about about in pockets, so you can take it wherever you go. Your family can keep in touch with you at any time wherever you are. B 2 , with a mobile phone, you can easily contact a police station or a hospital in case of emergency. What' s more, young girls really look smart with a mini phone a 3 their neck.
Recently, engineers have d 4 a new model of mobile phone. With this phone, you do not have to look up the number of the person you want to call. You j 5 say the name of the person. Then, the phone will recognize the name, and dial the wanted number. If you are a forgetful person, this could be the phone for you. You can record up to 20 different numbers. In addition, you can also play games, go on-line or store short information with the new mod el. To many managers, it has become a n 6 office tool.
H 7 , mobile phone users do have to follow certain rules. For example, they should not use their phones on airplanes. They should turn off their phones in public places in order not to disturb o 8 . Only when the rules are followed, can the users avoid dangerous or un pleasant results.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________
Passage 6
Only Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything all h 1 life. When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as p 2 . In your waking h 3 she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night a 4 forgets about herself. When you are growing up day by day, she feels very h 5 . When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind and w 6 for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels worried about you at home. She usually knows about your study and spends much money on your school things. When you do well at school, you will see the brightest s 7 on her face.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h 8 to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother Love for ever!
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________
Passage 7
Even before there was Christmas, people used evergreen plants to d 1 their homes in the winter. Hanging evergreen plants o 2 a door during the cold, dark winter made people feel less cold, because g 3 was a spring color!
It wasn' t until the 16th c 4 in Germany that people started to use trees as decorations around Christmas. Then in the 1 5 1700s some Germans went to Pennsylvania, USA, and brought the first C 6 trees to America.
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _____________ 6. _____________
Passage 4: 1. always 2. quickly 3. more 4. parked 5. near 6. happy 7. ending 8. together
Passage 5: convenient 2. Besides 3. around 4. developed 5. just 6. necessary 7. However 8. others
Passage 6: 1. her 2. possible 3. hours 4. and 5. happy 6. waits 7. smile 8. has
Passage 7: 1. decorate 2. over 3. green 4. century 5. late 6. Christmas
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