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牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Welcome to the unit优质学案
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这是一份牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Welcome to the unit优质学案，共12页。
Period Two Welcome to the unit & Reading —Language points
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn the following language points：absence；occupy；in/under the circumstances；vital；there is no such...(as...)(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language point：That/This/It is why...(重点)
Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.(教材P16)
absence n．缺乏；不存在；缺席
(1)in/during the absence of sb.＝in/during one’s absence某人不在时
(2)absent adj.不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的
be absent from...不参加……；缺席……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Furthermore，I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father，a famous astronaut.
②Tom is absent from the barbecue because the sun is always beating down in summer.
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①Every time I returned after an absence(absent)，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
②In view of his ability，the young man will be in possession of the administration in my absence.
→In view of his ability，the young man will be in possession of the administration in/during the absence of me.
The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.(教材P16)
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于某事；专心做某事
(2)occupied adj.忙于……的；从事……的；使用中的
be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事
be occupied with sth.从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n．占领；职业；工作
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Harry occupied himself in doing his homework，sitting in front of his old cupboard.
②Helen was fully occupied with business matters，so we didn’t want to bother her.
③After graduation，the man decided to regard becoming an astronaut as his occupation.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①After entering senior high school，you should set aside some time to participate in some out-of-class activities although occupied(occupy) in studying.
②May I have your address，telephone number，age and occupation(occupy)，please?
③虽然年轻，但她一整天忙于家务。
→Young as she was，she occupied herself with housework all day.(occupy oneself with)
→Young as she was，she was occupied with housework all day.(be occupied with)
→Young as she was，she occupied herself in doing housework all day.(occupy oneself in)
→Young as she was，she was occupied in doing housework all day.(be occupied in)
In the circumstances，it’s time for a spacewalk.(教材P17)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under no circumstances绝不(放句首时句子用倒装语序)
in/under any circumstances在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit如果条件允许的话
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
②As an astronaut，he will never give up his dream of exploring space in/under any circumstances.
③If circumstances allow/permit，I will spare no effort to help you find a suitable accommodation.
[完成句子]
①In/Under the circumstances，it seems better not to tell him the truth.
既然如此，不告诉他实情似乎更好。
②In/Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。
Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.(教材P17)
vital adj.必不可少的；对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
be vital to/for...对……极为重要的
It is vital to do...做……很重要
It is vital that...(should) do sth.……是十分重要的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①As far as we all are concerned，consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us.
②As for the work，it is vital to cast new light on its details immediately.
③If we are to make a difference in life，it’s vital that we (should) begin with small things.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①What’s more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians(行人) do not think it vital to obey(obey) traffic rules.
②As we all know，water is vital to/for keeping every creature alive，without which the world would be a dead place.
③重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。
→What’s vital is that we should learn something from failure.(主语从句)
→It’s vital that we should learn something from failure.(it作形式主语)
However，because of the near absence of gravity in space，there is no such thing as “up” or “down”．(教材P19)
there is no such...(as...)
(1)there is no such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。
(2)such...as...像……这样的……，as 在句中引导定语从句。
(3)such...that引导结果状语从句。
(4)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.
②There is no such (＝not such a) man in our territory.
③The blooming flowers were so awesome that they left a permanent impression on us.
[单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级]
①It’s such a difficult problem as we can’t work out.
②It’s such a difficult problem that we can’t work it out.
③It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.
它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。
④The pen writes so smoothly that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
→So smoothly does the pen write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.(倒装)
That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(教材P17)
That/This/It is why...
(1)That/This/It is why...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why 引导表语从句。
(2)It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……
①That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water—the former is warmer.
那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。
②Maybe it’s because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our thoughts and feelings.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
③The reason why he wasn’t admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a skilled worker，he is occupied(occupy) with the maintenance of the cars every day.
2．It comes as no surprise that racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances (circumstance)
3．The case was dismissed in the absence (absent) of any definite proof.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is vital to make children realize the importance of protecting themselves from radiation.
让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。
2．There is no such/not such a student as you have described in our class.
我们班没有你描述的那样的学生。
3．Almost everyone at all ages can enjoy music.This is why music is so popular.
几乎所有年龄段的人都能欣赏音乐，这就是音乐如此受欢迎的原因。
课时跟踪练二
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Because of the absence of gravity，the astronauts have to attach themselves in space.
2．After the flood，some cupboards(衣柜) were floating around the valley.
3．Don’t bother(花费时间精力) to help him and he will be able to manage the mission
4．How to evaluate the statue’s value was concerning the experts in this research center.
5．The big mosquito was flying around the depth of the valley and bit me all of a sudden.
6．Without the aid of a microscope some germs can not be seen by us.
7．We need to find more creative ways to discipline(严格要求) our students and to maintain control in the classroom.
8．Staring at the broken ceiling(天花板)，one of my nieces decided to make her way to next hotel for accommodation.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have been so occupied(occupy) with the mission that I don’t have time for social activities.
2．We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted(hunt)．
3．What annoyed me was that he was always absent(absence) from my class.
4．Strong as you may be，you cannot carry the heavy box by yourself.
5．It is visible that taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit(beneficial)．
6．In view of the weather，a minority of my classmates decided to cancel the barbecue.
7．It is a pity that you should miss(miss) such a good chance to make your way to the Arctic.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．随着截止日期的来临，我工作得更勤奋了。(as)
As the deadline came near，I worked harder.
2．令我们高兴的是，会议半个小时就结束了。(come to an end)
To our delight，the meeting came to an end after half an hour.
3．他频繁的缺课使我们进一步了解他的家庭状况。(cast new light on)
His frequent absence from class cast new light on his family circumstances.
4．那就是那个宇航员喜欢在太空站履行任务的原因。(That is why...)
That is why the astronaut likes performing tasks inside the space station.
5．如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送往医院是至关重要的。(vital)
If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the injured to the hospital at once.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike.Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere.Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge，it can be destructive and deadly.European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year.For this reason，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods.The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data，related to four main surface conditions：air pressure，air temperature，relative humidity and wind speed，was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法)，which compared it to records of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times.They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time.“It can now be used anywhere，” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program.The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity，transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground.They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes.Possible uses could be at stations，airports or places where large crowds gather.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。
1．Why was the system developed?
A．To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
B．To show the power of lightning.
C．To keep track of lightning deaths.
D．To protect people from lightning.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第二段最后两句可知，欧洲研究人员估计，全世界每年有6 000到24 000人死于闪电。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。故选D项。
2．What was special about the system?
A．It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B．It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C．It used an effective method of collecting data.
D．It required low cost of predicting lightning.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，与四个主要表面条件即气压、气温、相对湿度和风速相关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，这种算法将数据跟闪电袭击记录作比对。由此可见，这个系统的独特之处在于它独特的算法。故选B项。
3．What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A．Monitor lightning activity.
B．Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C．Direct energy from lightning.
D．Generate electricity with lightning.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段第三句可知，参与该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术，希望有一天这种技术可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层转移到地面。利用技术将闪电的电荷转移到地面另做他用，减少危害。换句话说就是控制和利用闪电能量，用作其他用途。故选C项。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A System of Controlling Lightning
B．A Method of Forecasting Lightning
C．A Theory of Employing Lightning
D．A Model of Creating Lightning
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。由第一段第一句可知，科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。也就是一种预测闪电的方法，而且下文主要就是围绕这一点来讲的，故选B项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it? That’s a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she’d be able to 6 in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 .But she didn’t 10 .“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February，when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13 by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language 14 .
Trujillo’s own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Trujillo作为一名女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。
1．A.astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
答案 C
解析 astronaut宇航员；pilot飞行员；engineer工程师；guide指导，向导。根据下文“Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知，她成为美国宇航局工程师，所以此处表示她是航天“工程师”，故选C。
2．A.eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
答案 B
解析 eager 渴望的；responsible负责任的；concerned担心的；grateful感激的。此空是前面laboratory的后置定语，根据句意以及选项意思，可知此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for“负责……”，故选B。
3．A.actually B．hardly
C．precisely D．repeatedly
答案 A
解析 actually事实上；hardly几乎不；precisely准确地；repeatedly 重复地。此空对应此句中的“dreaming about”，表示的是“从梦想变成了现实”，在现实中真正地探索宇宙。故选A。
4．A.innocence B．kindness
C．perseverance D．sympathy
答案 C
解析 innocence无辜，无罪；kindness善良；perseverance毅力；sympathy 同情。根据文章开头“For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”可知，对于一个女孩来说，要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这个女孩做到了，结合选项，所以此处表达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力和坚持的故事。故选C。
5．A.certain B．tolerant
C．afraid D．fond
答案 A
解析 certain确信的；tolerant容忍的，宽容的；afraid害怕的，担心的；fond喜爱的。根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，再结合此句中的even，可知此处表达甚至在她还很小的时候，她就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，故选A。
6．A.respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
答案 B
解析 respond回应；rise上升，地位提高；invest投资，投入；apply申请，应用。根据空后“in a male-dominated field”并结合句意以及选项可知，此处表达在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道她的努力和坚持能让自己走多远，地位能提高多少，故选B。
7．A.made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
答案 D
解析 make up编造；turn up出现，调大；pick up捡起，学会；take up接受(建议或主意)，占据。上文提到她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。
8．A.measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
答案 C
解析 句意为：Trujillo做了许多家政工作，使自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。measure措施；activity活动；job工作；course课程。故选C。
9．A.studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
答案 A
解析 study学习，研究；purchase购买的东西；recreation休闲活动；trip旅行。上题分析提到她做家政工作帮助她读完大学，结合选项可知，此处表示她打扫浴室帮助她完成学业，故选A。
10．A.skip B．panic
C．reform D．complain
答案 D
解析 skip 略过；panic 惊慌；reform 改革；complain 抱怨。上文提到为了完成学业，她要做家政工作，此句用到转折词“But”，再根据空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”可知，此处表示，尽管完成学业不易，但是她不抱怨，故选D。
11．A.applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
答案 B
解析 apply申请，应用；admit承认，准许……进入；assign分配，分派；introduce介绍。根据上文“Then came another life-changing moment.”可知，此处表示她被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的转折点，be admitted to“被……录取”，故选B。
12．A.originated B．sank
C．landed D．waited
答案 C
解析 originate起源；sink下沉；land降落，着陆；wait等待。根据此空的主语、空后地点状语以及选项可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆，故选C。
13．A.accompanied B．restricted
C．enhanced D．teased
答案 A
解析 accompany陪伴，伴随；restrict限制；enhance增强；tease取笑，戏弄。结合上文以及空后“by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s...”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语解说，故选A。
14．A.theory B．broadcast
C．criticism D．performance
答案 B
解析 theory 理论；broadcast 广播节目；criticism 批评；performance 表演，表现。参考上题解析，故选B。
15．A.enterprise B．information
C．competence D．proof
答案 D
解析 句意为：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意全力以赴去够星星的人。enterprise 公司；information 信息；competence 能力，胜任；proof 证据，证明。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2021·四川射洪模拟)
China’s successful space mission which involved sending into space the core module(核心模块) of its Tianhe space station lit up Chinese social media on Thursday.
The Long March-5B Y2 rocket,1. (carry) the Tianhe module，was sent up from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan Province around 11 am on Thursday.Video clips of the launch soon became a hit on Chinese social media and received more than 2 million views within one hour on China’s Twitter-like Weibo.
Weibo 2. (flood) with excitement and national pride.“I burst into 3. (tear) watching the launch video—We Chinese will have a ‘home’ in space！” one user wrote.More users shared videos 4. (express) their love and ambitious expectations for China’s space industry.
Before Tianhe’s launch，audio of 5. collection of pulsar signals(脉冲星信号) recently captured by FAST—also known 6. China’s “Sky Eye”—was seen to spread widely on social media 7. (early) on Thursday by excited Chinese netizens.
The launching of Tianhe and the pulsar signals captured by FAST gave Chinese people strong 8. (encourage)．In today’s world filled with epidemics and disasters，those 9. insist on looking up at the stars and exploring the universe are 10. (definite) the light of hope and civilization to mankind.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述中国成功将天河空间站核心舱送入太空，这在中国社交媒体上引起了轰动。
1．答案 carrying
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，句子谓语动词为was sent up，和carry之间无连词，所以空处为非谓语，且和逻辑主语The Long March-5B Y2 rocket之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填carrying。
2．答案 was flooded
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，空处为句子谓语，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，且Weibo和flood之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，Weibo为单数第三人称，谓语用单数。故填was flooded。
3．答案 tears
解析 考查名词复数。burst into tears意为“泪流满面”，为固定短语。故填tears。
4．答案 to express
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，句子谓语动词为shared，和express之间无连词，所以此处用非谓语，且作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to express。
5．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。a collection of表示“一组”，为固定短语，所以要用冠词a。故填a。
6．答案 as
解析 考查介词。表示“被称为”用固定短语be known as，故填as。
7．答案 earlier
解析 考查副词比较级。根据Before Tianhe’s launch可知，此处描述的事情是在周四之前，所以是早于周四，要用early的比较级。故填earlier。
8．答案 encouragement
解析 考查名词。分析可知，形容词strong后修饰名词，encouragement为不可数名词，意为“鼓励”，符合题意。故填encouragement。
9．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用who引导。故填who。
10．答案 definitely
解析 考查副词。分析可知，空处为副词作状语，修饰系表结构，definitely意为“肯定地”，符合题意。故填definitely。
Period Two Welcome to the unit & Reading —Language points
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn the following language points：absence；occupy；in/under the circumstances；vital；there is no such...(as...)(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language point：That/This/It is why...(重点)
Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.(教材P16)
absence n．缺乏；不存在；缺席
(1)in/during the absence of sb.＝in/during one’s absence某人不在时
(2)absent adj.不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的
be absent from...不参加……；缺席……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Furthermore，I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father，a famous astronaut.
②Tom is absent from the barbecue because the sun is always beating down in summer.
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①Every time I returned after an absence(absent)，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
②In view of his ability，the young man will be in possession of the administration in my absence.
→In view of his ability，the young man will be in possession of the administration in/during the absence of me.
The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.(教材P16)
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于某事；专心做某事
(2)occupied adj.忙于……的；从事……的；使用中的
be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事
be occupied with sth.从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n．占领；职业；工作
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Harry occupied himself in doing his homework，sitting in front of his old cupboard.
②Helen was fully occupied with business matters，so we didn’t want to bother her.
③After graduation，the man decided to regard becoming an astronaut as his occupation.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①After entering senior high school，you should set aside some time to participate in some out-of-class activities although occupied(occupy) in studying.
②May I have your address，telephone number，age and occupation(occupy)，please?
③虽然年轻，但她一整天忙于家务。
→Young as she was，she occupied herself with housework all day.(occupy oneself with)
→Young as she was，she was occupied with housework all day.(be occupied with)
→Young as she was，she occupied herself in doing housework all day.(occupy oneself in)
→Young as she was，she was occupied in doing housework all day.(be occupied in)
In the circumstances，it’s time for a spacewalk.(教材P17)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under no circumstances绝不(放句首时句子用倒装语序)
in/under any circumstances在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit如果条件允许的话
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
②As an astronaut，he will never give up his dream of exploring space in/under any circumstances.
③If circumstances allow/permit，I will spare no effort to help you find a suitable accommodation.
[完成句子]
①In/Under the circumstances，it seems better not to tell him the truth.
既然如此，不告诉他实情似乎更好。
②In/Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。
Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.(教材P17)
vital adj.必不可少的；对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
be vital to/for...对……极为重要的
It is vital to do...做……很重要
It is vital that...(should) do sth.……是十分重要的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①As far as we all are concerned，consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us.
②As for the work，it is vital to cast new light on its details immediately.
③If we are to make a difference in life，it’s vital that we (should) begin with small things.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①What’s more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians(行人) do not think it vital to obey(obey) traffic rules.
②As we all know，water is vital to/for keeping every creature alive，without which the world would be a dead place.
③重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。
→What’s vital is that we should learn something from failure.(主语从句)
→It’s vital that we should learn something from failure.(it作形式主语)
However，because of the near absence of gravity in space，there is no such thing as “up” or “down”．(教材P19)
there is no such...(as...)
(1)there is no such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。
(2)such...as...像……这样的……，as 在句中引导定语从句。
(3)such...that引导结果状语从句。
(4)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.
②There is no such (＝not such a) man in our territory.
③The blooming flowers were so awesome that they left a permanent impression on us.
[单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级]
①It’s such a difficult problem as we can’t work out.
②It’s such a difficult problem that we can’t work it out.
③It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.
它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。
④The pen writes so smoothly that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
→So smoothly does the pen write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.(倒装)
That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(教材P17)
That/This/It is why...
(1)That/This/It is why...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why 引导表语从句。
(2)It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……
①That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water—the former is warmer.
那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。
②Maybe it’s because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our thoughts and feelings.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
③The reason why he wasn’t admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a skilled worker，he is occupied(occupy) with the maintenance of the cars every day.
2．It comes as no surprise that racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances (circumstance)
3．The case was dismissed in the absence (absent) of any definite proof.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is vital to make children realize the importance of protecting themselves from radiation.
让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。
2．There is no such/not such a student as you have described in our class.
我们班没有你描述的那样的学生。
3．Almost everyone at all ages can enjoy music.This is why music is so popular.
几乎所有年龄段的人都能欣赏音乐，这就是音乐如此受欢迎的原因。
课时跟踪练二
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Because of the absence of gravity，the astronauts have to attach themselves in space.
2．After the flood，some cupboards(衣柜) were floating around the valley.
3．Don’t bother(花费时间精力) to help him and he will be able to manage the mission
4．How to evaluate the statue’s value was concerning the experts in this research center.
5．The big mosquito was flying around the depth of the valley and bit me all of a sudden.
6．Without the aid of a microscope some germs can not be seen by us.
7．We need to find more creative ways to discipline(严格要求) our students and to maintain control in the classroom.
8．Staring at the broken ceiling(天花板)，one of my nieces decided to make her way to next hotel for accommodation.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have been so occupied(occupy) with the mission that I don’t have time for social activities.
2．We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted(hunt)．
3．What annoyed me was that he was always absent(absence) from my class.
4．Strong as you may be，you cannot carry the heavy box by yourself.
5．It is visible that taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit(beneficial)．
6．In view of the weather，a minority of my classmates decided to cancel the barbecue.
7．It is a pity that you should miss(miss) such a good chance to make your way to the Arctic.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．随着截止日期的来临，我工作得更勤奋了。(as)
As the deadline came near，I worked harder.
2．令我们高兴的是，会议半个小时就结束了。(come to an end)
To our delight，the meeting came to an end after half an hour.
3．他频繁的缺课使我们进一步了解他的家庭状况。(cast new light on)
His frequent absence from class cast new light on his family circumstances.
4．那就是那个宇航员喜欢在太空站履行任务的原因。(That is why...)
That is why the astronaut likes performing tasks inside the space station.
5．如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送往医院是至关重要的。(vital)
If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the injured to the hospital at once.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike.Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere.Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge，it can be destructive and deadly.European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year.For this reason，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods.The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data，related to four main surface conditions：air pressure，air temperature，relative humidity and wind speed，was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法)，which compared it to records of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times.They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time.“It can now be used anywhere，” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program.The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity，transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground.They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes.Possible uses could be at stations，airports or places where large crowds gather.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。
1．Why was the system developed?
A．To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
B．To show the power of lightning.
C．To keep track of lightning deaths.
D．To protect people from lightning.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第二段最后两句可知，欧洲研究人员估计，全世界每年有6 000到24 000人死于闪电。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。故选D项。
2．What was special about the system?
A．It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B．It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C．It used an effective method of collecting data.
D．It required low cost of predicting lightning.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，与四个主要表面条件即气压、气温、相对湿度和风速相关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，这种算法将数据跟闪电袭击记录作比对。由此可见，这个系统的独特之处在于它独特的算法。故选B项。
3．What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A．Monitor lightning activity.
B．Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C．Direct energy from lightning.
D．Generate electricity with lightning.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段第三句可知，参与该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术，希望有一天这种技术可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层转移到地面。利用技术将闪电的电荷转移到地面另做他用，减少危害。换句话说就是控制和利用闪电能量，用作其他用途。故选C项。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A System of Controlling Lightning
B．A Method of Forecasting Lightning
C．A Theory of Employing Lightning
D．A Model of Creating Lightning
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。由第一段第一句可知，科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。也就是一种预测闪电的方法，而且下文主要就是围绕这一点来讲的，故选B项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it? That’s a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she’d be able to 6 in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 .But she didn’t 10 .“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February，when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13 by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language 14 .
Trujillo’s own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Trujillo作为一名女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。
1．A.astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
答案 C
解析 astronaut宇航员；pilot飞行员；engineer工程师；guide指导，向导。根据下文“Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知，她成为美国宇航局工程师，所以此处表示她是航天“工程师”，故选C。
2．A.eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
答案 B
解析 eager 渴望的；responsible负责任的；concerned担心的；grateful感激的。此空是前面laboratory的后置定语，根据句意以及选项意思，可知此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for“负责……”，故选B。
3．A.actually B．hardly
C．precisely D．repeatedly
答案 A
解析 actually事实上；hardly几乎不；precisely准确地；repeatedly 重复地。此空对应此句中的“dreaming about”，表示的是“从梦想变成了现实”，在现实中真正地探索宇宙。故选A。
4．A.innocence B．kindness
C．perseverance D．sympathy
答案 C
解析 innocence无辜，无罪；kindness善良；perseverance毅力；sympathy 同情。根据文章开头“For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”可知，对于一个女孩来说，要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这个女孩做到了，结合选项，所以此处表达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力和坚持的故事。故选C。
5．A.certain B．tolerant
C．afraid D．fond
答案 A
解析 certain确信的；tolerant容忍的，宽容的；afraid害怕的，担心的；fond喜爱的。根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，再结合此句中的even，可知此处表达甚至在她还很小的时候，她就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，故选A。
6．A.respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
答案 B
解析 respond回应；rise上升，地位提高；invest投资，投入；apply申请，应用。根据空后“in a male-dominated field”并结合句意以及选项可知，此处表达在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道她的努力和坚持能让自己走多远，地位能提高多少，故选B。
7．A.made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
答案 D
解析 make up编造；turn up出现，调大；pick up捡起，学会；take up接受(建议或主意)，占据。上文提到她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。
8．A.measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
答案 C
解析 句意为：Trujillo做了许多家政工作，使自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。measure措施；activity活动；job工作；course课程。故选C。
9．A.studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
答案 A
解析 study学习，研究；purchase购买的东西；recreation休闲活动；trip旅行。上题分析提到她做家政工作帮助她读完大学，结合选项可知，此处表示她打扫浴室帮助她完成学业，故选A。
10．A.skip B．panic
C．reform D．complain
答案 D
解析 skip 略过；panic 惊慌；reform 改革；complain 抱怨。上文提到为了完成学业，她要做家政工作，此句用到转折词“But”，再根据空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”可知，此处表示，尽管完成学业不易，但是她不抱怨，故选D。
11．A.applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
答案 B
解析 apply申请，应用；admit承认，准许……进入；assign分配，分派；introduce介绍。根据上文“Then came another life-changing moment.”可知，此处表示她被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的转折点，be admitted to“被……录取”，故选B。
12．A.originated B．sank
C．landed D．waited
答案 C
解析 originate起源；sink下沉；land降落，着陆；wait等待。根据此空的主语、空后地点状语以及选项可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆，故选C。
13．A.accompanied B．restricted
C．enhanced D．teased
答案 A
解析 accompany陪伴，伴随；restrict限制；enhance增强；tease取笑，戏弄。结合上文以及空后“by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s...”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语解说，故选A。
14．A.theory B．broadcast
C．criticism D．performance
答案 B
解析 theory 理论；broadcast 广播节目；criticism 批评；performance 表演，表现。参考上题解析，故选B。
15．A.enterprise B．information
C．competence D．proof
答案 D
解析 句意为：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意全力以赴去够星星的人。enterprise 公司；information 信息；competence 能力，胜任；proof 证据，证明。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2021·四川射洪模拟)
China’s successful space mission which involved sending into space the core module(核心模块) of its Tianhe space station lit up Chinese social media on Thursday.
The Long March-5B Y2 rocket,1. (carry) the Tianhe module，was sent up from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan Province around 11 am on Thursday.Video clips of the launch soon became a hit on Chinese social media and received more than 2 million views within one hour on China’s Twitter-like Weibo.
Weibo 2. (flood) with excitement and national pride.“I burst into 3. (tear) watching the launch video—We Chinese will have a ‘home’ in space！” one user wrote.More users shared videos 4. (express) their love and ambitious expectations for China’s space industry.
Before Tianhe’s launch，audio of 5. collection of pulsar signals(脉冲星信号) recently captured by FAST—also known 6. China’s “Sky Eye”—was seen to spread widely on social media 7. (early) on Thursday by excited Chinese netizens.
The launching of Tianhe and the pulsar signals captured by FAST gave Chinese people strong 8. (encourage)．In today’s world filled with epidemics and disasters，those 9. insist on looking up at the stars and exploring the universe are 10. (definite) the light of hope and civilization to mankind.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述中国成功将天河空间站核心舱送入太空，这在中国社交媒体上引起了轰动。
1．答案 carrying
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，句子谓语动词为was sent up，和carry之间无连词，所以空处为非谓语，且和逻辑主语The Long March-5B Y2 rocket之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填carrying。
2．答案 was flooded
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，空处为句子谓语，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，且Weibo和flood之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，Weibo为单数第三人称，谓语用单数。故填was flooded。
3．答案 tears
解析 考查名词复数。burst into tears意为“泪流满面”，为固定短语。故填tears。
4．答案 to express
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，句子谓语动词为shared，和express之间无连词，所以此处用非谓语，且作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to express。
5．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。a collection of表示“一组”，为固定短语，所以要用冠词a。故填a。
6．答案 as
解析 考查介词。表示“被称为”用固定短语be known as，故填as。
7．答案 earlier
解析 考查副词比较级。根据Before Tianhe’s launch可知，此处描述的事情是在周四之前，所以是早于周四，要用early的比较级。故填earlier。
8．答案 encouragement
解析 考查名词。分析可知，形容词strong后修饰名词，encouragement为不可数名词，意为“鼓励”，符合题意。故填encouragement。
9．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用who引导。故填who。
10．答案 definitely
解析 考查副词。分析可知，空处为副词作状语，修饰系表结构，definitely意为“肯定地”，符合题意。故填definitely。
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