2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT 4 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Transportation shapes the world: along with communications, it forms a global net that connects person to person, city to city, and country to country.Transportation routes as well as vehicles are vital to the functioning and spread of every civilisation.

A country's economy depends on reliable transportation.Cities spread out along roads, rivers, and rails；so does information. Until the 20th century, these routes were confined to land or water.With the invention of the powered flight, the air became an open road as well.The earliest way of travelling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans' earliest means of transporting goods was carrying loads on their backs or shoulders.By 4000 BC, people were using domesticated animals for transport, a method greatly improved in some parts of the world by the invention of the wheel, probably first developed around 3500 BC.

Until the 19th century, animals were the engines of land transportation.But with the invention of the steam engine and the internal combustion engine,  railroads and automobiles revolutionized travel and trade.Millions of cars and trucks travel the world today.

Water transport has always been a fast and efficient mode of travel, and even today it remains a primary way of transportation of heavy goods.The importance of waterways to human civilisation can be seen on any map：almost all of the world's major cities are located on coastlines or rivers.As early as 7000 BC, people were building canoes. Until the 1950s,  ships were the chief means of overseas passenger travel.

Although the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of the powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903.Within ten years, the commercial air transportation business began.

Since the 20th century, high-speed rail has become another convenient way of travel.By 2019, more than two-thirds of the world's operation length of high-speed rail was in China, which measured 35,000 km, and Chinese operation length of high-speed rail is expected to reach 38,000 km by 2025.

语篇解读：本文主要介绍了世界交通运输业的发展历史。人类最早的运输方式是人力运输，随着技术的进步，逐渐发展成为水运、空运、铁路运输等多位一体的综合运输体系；中国高铁的发展更为世界交通运输史增添了新的篇章。

1．What is the passage mainly about?

A．Technological advancements in transport over time.

B．The influence of economic activities on transportation.

C．The relationship between transportation and the information flow.

D．Reasons why land and sea transportation routes were important.

解析：选A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了世界交通运输业的发展历史，故A项正确。

2．Why does the writer mention the location of the world's major cities?

A．To encourage more people to move  to big cities.

B．To explain why boats and ships continue to be irreplaceable.

C．To recommend water transport as a convenient and cheap form of transportation.

D．To emphasize the contribution of water transport to human development.

解析：选D　写作意图题。根据第四段内容可知，水运一直是一种快捷高效的旅行方式，即使在今天，它仍然是重型货物的主要运输方式；水路对人类文明的重要性可以在任何地图上看到：几乎世界上所有的主要城市都位于海岸线或河畔。据此可知，作者提及世界主要城市的位置是为了强调水运对人类的发展作出的贡献，故D项正确。

3．What was the total operation length of high-speed rail in the world by 2019?

A．About 57,000kms.　　 B．About 52,500kms.

C．About 38,000kms.  D．About 35,000kms.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据本文尾句可知，截至2019年，世界上超过三分之二的高速铁路运营里程在中国，其运营里程达到3.5万千米。据此可以推算出截至2019年世界高铁运营里程约为5.25万千米，故B项正确。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Travel Is Good for Your Health

Travel means lots of opportunities to force yourself to be active. __4__ So you're more likely to attempt a new extreme sport, walk on sand, or hike to get the best views of your surroundings. So you see that travel is really good for your health.

__5__ This one might not come as a big surprise to you, but it's been scientifically proved that travel will increase your happiness, decrease your depression, and remove your pressure. A study found that three days after vacation, travellers felt well-rested, less anxious, and in a better mood.

Travel improves your brain health. Travel expands your mind. You meet new people all over the world. You adapt to new cultures and situations. __6__ This is all good for your mental health because new experiences increase cognitive flexibility, keeping your mind sharp.

Travel will decrease your risk of heart disease. That's because people who wander away from their homes for a little vacation are generally less stressed and anxious or at least they're willing to take a break from their stresses. __7__

Travel will let you live longer. It's true. __8__ Whether local or global, all forms of travel improve our life and can actually increase our life expectancy. Research shows that travel reduces stress, keeps your body healthy inside and out, and improves brain health. This adds to the chance of living longer and having fun.

A．Travel lowers stress levels.

B．Pay attention to your health during your trip.

C．Those who travel tend to increase the length of their lives.

D．As a result, you become more globally and culturally aware.

E．Don't travel too long or you'll burn yourself and may not get to your destination.

F．When you travel, you want to try a new form of exercise and see all worth seeing.

G．It's proved that people who travel annually are less likely to suffer from a heart attack.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅行给身体带来的四个益处，分别是：旅行意味着你有很多机会强迫自己变得积极，可以降低压力，可以改善你的大脑健康和降低患心脏病的风险，以及会让你更长寿。

4．选F　根据空后一句可知，因此，你更有可能尝试一种新的极限运动，在沙滩上行走，或徒步旅行，以获得周围环境的最佳景观。由此可知，当你旅行时你更有可能去尝试一些新的东西，或去看周围的风景。故选F。

5．选A　根据空后一句可知，对你来说，这一次也许不是什么大惊喜，但科学证明，旅行会增加你的快乐，减少你的抑郁，消除你的压力。由此可知旅行可以减少抑郁，降低压力。故选A。

6．选D　根据上文可知，旅行可以改善你的大脑健康。旅行使你的思想开阔。你在世界各地遇到了新朋友。你要适应新的文化和环境。由此可知，本句承接上文说明旅行让你在世界各地结识新朋友，因此你会变得更全球化，更有文化意识。D选项中的culturally对应上文中的cultures。故选D。

7．选G　根据本段内容可知，旅行会降低患心脏病的风险。这是因为离家度假的人通常压力更小，焦虑更少，或者至少他们愿意从压力中解脱出来。由此可知，旅行的人患心脏病的可能性更小。故选G。

8．选C　根据上文“Travel will let you live longer. It's true.”可知，旅行会让你更长寿。这是真的。由此可知旅行的人会寿命更长。故选C。

Ⅲ.完形填空

　　Adventure is in my blood. And I had been considering how I was going to __9__ my high school graduation. I didn't just want a small party in the backyard. I started thinking about doing a solo __10__somewhere out of the ordinary. I took out maps and drew the 1,500-mile route along which I would be __11__ from the northernmost point in Norway to the southernmost section of Sweden. When I shared my plans with my dad, he __12__ as I thought he would. Because I get my adventurous spirits from him, he was __13__ it.

I had only been away from my home three days now, but there was an inner __14__ going on inside of me. Part of me was  __15__ and doubting whether I really could make it. The other part of me was ready to __16__ to myself and my family that I could do it by myself.

On the road, I met another bicyclist who was quite a bit older than I was. He had started his journey alone by bike at the southern part of Norway and had just finished. I could tell he had a great sense of __17__. It encouraged me not to __18__.

As I listened to my __19__artists on my MP4 player, I pedaled (踩踏板) with my feet. There was __20__ around me for miles. __21__， that wasn't entirely true. There were mosquitoes — millions of them. My arms were so dotted with bites that they looked like a topographical (地形) map.But, however __22__ it would be, nothing could stop my advance __23__ the destination. As you know, adventure is in my blood.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以一种特殊的方式来庆祝自己高中毕业——骑自行车旅行。

9．A.celebrate　　　　　　　 B．finish

C．spend  D．organise

解析：选A　根据空后一句“I didn't just want a small party in the backyard.”可知，“我”不想只在后院举行一个聚会。由此可推知，此处指“我”正在考虑如何庆祝高中毕业。故选A。

10．A.flight  B．activity

C．performance  D．trip

解析：选D　根据后文的描述可知，“我”打算独自一人去旅行。故选D。

11．A.walking  B．flying

C．biking  D．jogging

解析：选C　根据第三段中的“I met another bicyclist”可知，“我”是骑自行车去旅行的。故选C。

12．A.agreed  B．sighed

C．teased  D．obtained

解析：选A　根据第三、四段可知，作者独自骑自行车去冒险了，故此处指父亲同意了“我”的想法。故选A。

13．A.in fear of  B．in charge of

C．in favor of  D．in need of

解析：选C　根据“Because I get my adventurous spirits from him”可知，“我”的父亲很赞成。故选C。

14．A.battle  B．dilemma

C．request  D．discussion

解析：选A　根据后文中的“Part of me”以及“The other part of me”可知，“我”的内心还处于斗争中。故选A。

15．A.stubborn  B．ambitious

C．homesick  D．astonished

解析：选C　根据前文“I had only been away from my home three days now”可知，“我”离家已经三天了，因此推测“我”是很想家的。故选C。

16．A.submit  B．turn

C．prove  D．adapt

解析：选C　根据前后文内容可知，一部分“我”怀疑自己是否真的能成功；另一部分“我”想向自己和家人证明自己能做到。prove to sb. that ... 意为“向某人证明……”。故选C。

17．A.humor  B．direction

C．balance  D．satisfaction

解析：选D　根据前文中的“He had started his journey ... and had just finished.”可知，作者可以断定他有一种满足感。a sense of satisfaction意为“满足感”。故选D。

18．A.calm down  B．break down

C．keep on  D．give up

解析：选D　根据“He had started his journey ...had just finished.”可知，此处指“我”骑自行车旅行途中遇到的另一个骑自行车的人，他已经成功的经历鼓励“我”不要放弃。故选D。

19．A.personal  B．favourite

C．professional  D．grateful

解析：选B　结合生活常识可知，“我”在用MP4听自己最喜欢的艺术家的歌。故选B。

20．A.nobody  B．everybody

C．anything  D．everything

解析：选A　根据前文可知，“我”独自骑自行车去旅行，在途中只遇到另一个独自骑自行车在挪威南部旅行的人。由此可推测，周围几英里没有人。故选A。

21．A.Simply  B．Actually

C．Eventually  D．Fortunately

解析：选B　根据“There was ________ around me for miles ... There were mosquitoes — millions of them.”可知，周围几英里没有人，但有数百万只蚊子。因此，“我”说“实际上这并不完全是真的”，这是一种幽默的表达。故选B。

22．A.boring  B．confusing

C．complex  D．tough

解析：选D　 根据后文“nothing could stop my advance”可知，“我”有冒险精神，不管有多艰难，没有什么能阻止“我”朝目标前进。故选D。

23．A.from  B．with

C．in  D．toward

解析：选D　参见上题解析。表示“朝，向”，用介词toward。故选D。

Ⅳ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

We were three thousand miles away from home on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip. We were short of money, so we had two goals today：

1．Try out our new “Smile！” signs and see how much kindness and joy we could spread in Pike Place Market.

2．Raise at least D|S80 by doing street performances. Singing, drawing or storytelling. This would be enough for gas to Portland and a small hotel room.

We weren't sure how people would react to our signs. It was so easy to walk past a busy crowd, lost in your own world, refusing to make eye-contact with strangers, and feeling alone despite being surrounded by hundreds of people just like you. Finally, I gathered courage to raise our signs and shouted, “Hi, here！” to a young couple. They looked over, confused for a moment，read my sign and broke into smiles. Then we saw more smiling faces in the crowd.

Before long, our signs were wildly popular. Tourists wanted photos with us. Strangers stopped to ask us about our signs. We told them the story of our acts of kindness road trip and listened to their stories, too.

Sometimes I'd see unfriendly faces and feel particularly nervous to show them my bright sign. But I was always rewarded with a big smile whenever I did so. Suddenly they were no longer faces of strangers but those of neighbours and friends. This world is full of good people we just don't know yet. We got so wrapped up in our wonderful “Smile！”  project that we forgot the other goal. Before we knew it, the sun was setting, and we had no money for our trip to Portland.

注意：1.写作词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式作答。

Paragraph 1：

We sat down to watch a musician play the guitar while we thought about our second goal. 　

Paragraph 2：

Our little band of five attracted a large audience.　

参考范文：

Paragraph 1：

We sat down to watch a musician play the guitar while we thought about our second goal. It seemed that it was tough to achieve. Now we didn't have much time to lose. Suddenly, a good idea flashed through my mind. I gathered my courage and walked straight toward the musician and asked him to do us a favor. To our great delight, he enthusiastically supported our money project and agreed to form a band with us. With an empty hat on the ground in front of us, we began our performance.

Paragraph 2：

Our little band of five attracted a large audience.We received a storm of applause. A gentleman in his fifties was the first to put some change into our hat. His act of kindness was soon followed by more donations. A little boy, holding his mum's hand, carefully dropped a coin and gave us the most beautiful smile in the world. Before it was dark, we were sure we had made it. The amount of money gathered totalled $92. What a sweet victory! We thanked the musician and went on with our journey. In the depth of my heart, I would keep these heartwarming moments forever.