2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit4SpaceExploration单元主题训练新人教版必修第三册

UNIT 4 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2022·佛山二模)The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.

Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise.They've developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future.Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.

“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time，” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers.“We currently don't do large, long-duration trips because we can't store fuel long enough in space.”

Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets.The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflower-shaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.

“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this？’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said.“Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami.I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it.Now, I fold constantly.”

Using origami for space purposes isn't new, however.Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.

“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding，” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project, said in a statement.“There are so many patterns to still be explored.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。

1．Which can be the suitable title for the text?

A．Folding into space.

B．The art of paper folding.

C．Space exploration.

D．The origami-inspired projects.

解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The future of ..., the ancient art of paper folding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。

2．How could the “bladder” help in future missions?

A．To protect spacecrafts from extreme weather.

B．To be used to store and supply fuel in spacecrafts.

C．To help rocket engines cut energy consumption.

D．To be used to improve energy efficiency.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“They've developed ...in spacecrafts of the future.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。

3．What can we know about NASA's Starshade?

A．It can be used to get telescopes closer to stars.

B．It can enlarge the view of telescopes in space.

C．It can absorb a star's light before it enters telescopes.

D．It can help telescopes get clearer pictures of objects in space.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agency is ...to view distant objects more clearly in space.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。

4．Which section is this text from?

A．A travel journal.  B．A digest.

C．A science report.  D．An advertisement.

解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。

B

(2022·南京模拟)Starman, the dummy (人体模型) riding a cherry-red Tesla Roadster (特斯拉跑车) through space, has made its closest approach ever to Mars.The electric roadster and its passenger were attached to the top of a Falcon Heavy rocket during the SpaceX rocket's first test launch on 6 February, 2018.

Two years later, the Falcon Heavy rocket and the vehicle at its tip are making their second trip around the Sun.Mr McDowell, a Harvard astrophysicist, found that Starman would be 7.4 million kilometres away from Mars on 7 October, 2020.

The closest recent distance between the Earth and Mars was about 56 million kilometres in 2003, though the planets are often hundreds of millions of miles apart depending on where they are in their orbits.No one can see the Falcon Heavy rocket at its current distance, but orbits over periods of a few years are fairly straightforward to predict, and Mr McDowell used data about how the rocket was moving when it left the Earth's gravity behind to locate its recent movements exactly.

Last time Starman circled the Sun, McDowell said, it crossed Mars' orbit while the Red Planet was quite far away.But this time the crossing would be completed within a fairly close distance, though still not close enough to feel a strong tug from Mars.

At this point in time, if you were able to go look at the Roadster, it would probably look pretty different.The strong solar radiation environment between the planets would probably have destroyed all the exposed organic materials.

Without the Earth's atmospheric and magnetic (磁场的) protection, even the plastics and carbon-fibre materials would start to break up.Over the course of decades or centuries, the car will end up with its aluminium (铝) frame and hard glass parts — that's assuming that none of them get destroyed in impacts with passing space rocks.

语篇解读：本文主要讲述了安装在SpaceX猎鹰重型火箭上的特斯拉跑车和人体模型Starman进行第二次绕太阳飞行，此次飞行已经相当接近火星。

5．What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?

A．Starman is now circling around the Earth in its orbit.

B．Starman has set out on its second trip around the Sun.

C．Starman has travelled 7.4 million kilometres after launch.

D．Starman still has a long way to go before getting to Mars.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Starman, the dummy (人体模型) riding a cherry-red Tesla Roadster (特斯拉跑车) through space, has made its closest approach ever to Mars”和第二段中的“the Falcon Heavy rocket and the vehicle at its tip are making their second trip around the Sun”可以推断，Starman已经开始了它的第二次绕太阳飞行。

6．How did McDowell manage to locate Starman?

A．By keeping Starman under visual observation.

B．By predicting its future orbit around the Earth.

C．By seeking professional help from SpaceX.

D．By analyzing data about the rocket's movement.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，麦克道尔先生通过分析火箭运行的数据成功定位Starman。

7．The underlined word “tug” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．pull  B．drive

C．resistance  D．pressure

解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“this time the crossing would be completed within a fairly close distance, though still not close enough”可知，尽管这一次Starman穿越火星轨道时，离火星相当近，然而仍旧不够，据此可以推断，这次环绕太阳的飞行仍旧感觉不到来自火星的引力，故A项与画线词tug的意思最为接近。

8．What will happen to Starman in decades or centuries?

A．It is circling around Mars and will finally crash onto it.

B．It will finish its mission and return to SpaceX on the Earth.

C．Starman is likely reduced to at most its frame and glass.

D．SpaceX will try to recover it during its next space mission.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，几十年或几百年以后，Starman很可能只剩下框架和玻璃。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2022·泸州诊断)The Cassini-Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.__9__ The different colours show exactly what the rings are.The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.__10__ That's why it is so light and it could float on water — if a big enough ocean could be found!

__11__ It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons.It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.

Scientists say the spacecraft's four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed.__12__

The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including Phoebe and Titan.Phoebe has a strange shape.___13__ Saturn's biggest moon, Titan, is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.

A．Saturn itself is made of gases.

B．The pictures are hard to take in space.

C．The probe is an international space project.

D．They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.

E．The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red.

F．It will also study the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.

G．Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassini-Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。

9．选E　根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。

10．选A　根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。

11．选C　根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中The probe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。

12．选F　根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。

13．选G　根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。

Ⅲ.完形填空

In September 2016, six people came out from a small solar-powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii.They were __14__ of a simulated (模拟的) mission to Mars, and they had been living in the building for nearly one year, __15__ from the rest of the world.

This mission to Mars was part of an ongoing __16__ to see how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet.Based on the __17__ of the experiment so far, here are four abilities you would need to __18__ on Mars.

The first is Resourcefulness (足智多谋)．When the water system broke, the group had two __19__.They could figure out how to fix it or they could __20__ months for supplies to be delivered from “Earth” — by which point they would be dead.So they __21__ it themselves.

The second is Imagination.The group members have said boredom was a major __22__.On Mars, you wouldn't have Netflix or Xbox, so you'd have to __23__ other forms of entertainment.

The third is Tolerance.The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court.If you're __24__ annoyed by people, life on Mars might not be for you.Whether eating, working, exercising, or relaxing, you would hardly be __25__.

The last is Independence.During a mission, there is no real-time __26__ between the group and anyone on “Earth.” They have email, __27__ messages are on a 20-minute delay, simulating how long it would take messages to __28__ between Earth and Mars.So you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on Earth.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。六名成员经过长达近一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”体验，总结了人类移居火星前应该必备的四种能力。

14．A.captains  B．directors

C．astronauts  D．members

解析：选D　由上文中的“six people came out from a small solar-powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii”和下文中的“The group members”可知，这六个人是一项模拟火星任务的成员。

15．A.pulled  B．cut off

C．protected  D．kept free

解析：选B　由最后一段提到的“you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on Earth”可知，六名成员是在与世隔绝的状态下参与此次模拟火星任务。cut off (切断) 符合语境。

16．A.explanation  B．holiday

C．experiment  D．game

解析：选C　由上文中的“a simulated (模拟的) mission to Mars”和下文中的“the experiment so far”可知，这项模拟任务是一项正在进行的“实验(experiment)”的一部分。

17．A.wishes  B．origins

C．results  D．requirements

解析：选C　由上文中的“six people came out”可知，该模拟体验火星生活的实验已经结束；再由该空所在句可知，下文中提及人类移居火星前应该必备的四种能力是基于实验“结果(results)”而得出的结论。

18．A.survive  B．copy

C．argue  D．refuse

解析：选A　由上文中的“how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet”可知，下文提到的足智多谋、想象力、容忍度、自立都是人类在火星上“生存(survive)”所必备的能力。

19．A.tasks  B．choices

C．dreams  D．conditions

解析：选B　由下文可知是参与模拟实验的小组成员面临的两种“选择(choices)”。

20．A.spread  B．wait

C．prepare  D．leave

解析：选B　由常识可知，从地球运送物资到火星需要很长时间；再由本空后的“by which point they would be dead”可知，当供水系统出现故障时，他们可以选择等待来自“地球”的援助，但那时他们可能早就死了。

21．A.planted  B．watered

C．called  D．fixed

解析：选D　由上文可知，为了避免等待时间过长，这些参与者选择自己维修供水系统。

22．A.desire  B．habit

C．ability  D．challenge

解析：选D　由下文中的“you wouldn't have Netflix or Xbox”可知，无聊是此次模拟实验中参与者遇到的主要困难。

23．A.limit  B．find

C．forget  D．leap

解析：选B　由本段总结的能力Imagination可知，他们需要发挥想象力，“找到(find)”其他形式的娱乐活动。

24．A.easily  B．hardly

C．secretly  D．suddenly

解析：选A　由本段所说的“容忍”是人类在火星生活必备的能力之一和下文中的“life on Mars might not be for you”可知，此处是说如果你“容易地(easily)”被别人激怒，那么火星生活就不适合你。

25．A.alone  B．polite

C．successful  D．normal

解析：选A　由上文中的“The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court”可知，此次模拟实验的房屋并不大，因此与世隔绝的六个人生活在同一屋檐下，基本没有“独处(alone)”的时候。

26．A.meeting  B．system

C．teaching  D．communication

解析：选D　由下文中的“messages are on a 20-minute delay”可知，在此次模拟实验中，参与者与“地球”上的人类没有实时的“通信(communication)”。

27．A.so  B．but

C．if  D．unless

解析：选B　“有邮件来往”与“信息延迟20分钟”之间是转折关系，故选but。

28．A.escape  B．walk

C．travel  D．change

解析：选C　本空所在部分是对a 20-minute delay的解释，说明20分钟的信息延迟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传输所需的时间。

Ⅳ.语法填空

The 500-metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, also known as China's Tianyan or “Sky Eye”， has__1__ (official) opened to global scientists since March, 2021.

As we know, radio telescopes __2__ (design) to “listen” or “receive” signals emitted from the universe.With specialized antennas (天线) and radio receivers, these telescopes can detect radio waves from stars, galaxies and black holes.The data collected in turn help scientists  __3__  (good)  explore the universe.It will also be used occasionally to search for alien life.

The giant radio telescope will also help find more pulsars (脉冲星), which send out steady signals and waves in a regular rhythm.Scientists use pulsars __4__  (study) the extreme states of matter, measure cosmic (宇宙的) distances and track time in an ultra-precise (超精密) way.So far, it __5__ (discover) more than 240 pulsars.

__6__  (locate) in southwest China's Guizhou Province，__7__ largest single-dish radio telescope of the world was completed in 2016.It was put to use __8__ January 11, 2020.FAST is now the only “Sky Eye” __9__ humans can use to observe cosmic waves.It has immense potential to detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves, __10__  (provide) data support for research into the physical process of the Big Bang, according to experts at the NAO.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。

1．officially　考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。

2．are designed　考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语 radio telescopes (复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。

3．better　考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收集到的数据会促进科学家“更好地”研究宇宙，因此这里使用比较级的形式。

4．to study　考查动词不定式。此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了做某事”。

5．has discovered　考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“so far”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语it为单数意义，故填has discovered。

6．Located　考查过去分词。主语 telescope与locate是被动关系，应填locate的过去分词作状语。(be)located in “位于”。

7．the　考查冠词。由“of the world”和“largest”可知，该单碟射电望远镜是世界范围内最大的，这是形容词的最高级形式。

8．on　考查介词。此处表示“在具体的某一天”，应使用介词on。

9．that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词Sky Eye(指物)在从句中作宾语并且先行词前有the only限制，因此应用关系代词that而不能使用which引导定语从句。

10．providing　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，provide在句中作非谓语动词，它与前面的“detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves”在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Carson写邮件与你探讨太空探索的未来。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：

1．表示对该话题感兴趣；

2．探讨太空探索的未来；

3．期待更多交流。

注意：写作词数应为80左右。

参考范文：

Dear Carson，

I am interested in discussing the future of space exploration with you.

In the future, more and more private companies from around the world will invent new generations of spaceships, which will reduce the cost of sending humans into space.We will see the next generation of moonwalkers, as well as the development of new technology that will help us better explore outer space.Nations should join hands in space exploration.

I hope we will further our discussions about the topic and share the latest news and information.Looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours，

Li Hua