英语北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 The Underdog教学设计

这是一份英语北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 The Underdog教学设计，共15页。

1．athlete n．运动员→athletic adj．运动的→athletics n．田径运动
2． frequency n．发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj．经常的 → frequently adv．频繁地；经常
3．prefer vt. 较喜欢，更喜欢→preference n．偏好，喜好→preferable adj. 更可取的，更合适的
4．cyclevi．骑自行车→cyclistn．骑自行车的人
5．bwling n．保龄球→ bwl n．碗 v.(草地滚球戏或保龄球运动中)滚球，投球
6．balance n．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balanced adj．保持（或显示）平衡的
8．regularly adv．经常；定期地→regular adj．规律的；规则的→regulatin n．规则→regulatevt．约束；控制；管理
Lessn 1
1．inspiratinn．激励；灵感→inspirevt．鼓励；激励→inspiringadj. 令人鼓舞的→inspired adj. 感到鼓舞的
2．replacement n．替换的人（物）→ replace vt．代替
3．sharply adv．严厉地，毫不客气地；猛烈地→sharp adj．急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；adv．（时间）整点→sharpen vi．&vt．（使）变得锋利→sharpener n．[C] 磨具，削具
4．energy n．精力，活力→energetic adj．有活力的
5．crwdn．人群→crwdedadj．拥挤的
6．clap vt．&vi．鼓掌，拍手→ clapping [现在分词] → clapped[过去式] → clapped[过去分词]
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词 ▲高频词
▲★1. prefer vt. 更喜欢，喜欢……多于…… (preferred , preferred , preferring)
【用法归纳】
prefer ding sth./t d sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. t d sth. 希望某人做某事
prefer A t B 与B相比更喜欢A（t为介词）
prefer ding A t ding B 与做B相比更喜欢做A
prefer t d A rather than (t) d B （=wuld rather d A than d B/
wuld d A rather than d B）宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer + that从句 希望/更喜欢……（从句谓语常用“shuld +动词原形”，shuld可以省略）
▶We can eat ut if yu like, but I wuld prefer staying/ t stay in.
如果你愿意的话我们可以去外面吃饭，但我更倾向于待在家里。
▶I prefer t walk there rather than g by car. =I wuld rather walk there than g by car.
我宁愿步行去那儿而不愿开车去。
▶They preferred the mney (shuld) be used fr building schls and hspitals.
他们更愿意拿这笔钱来建学校和医院。
【注意】
1. prefer意为“更喜欢”，相当于 like better，因此不能再与比较级连用
2. prefer不能用于进行时
3. 要注意区分 prefer的搭配中t为不定式符号还是介词
【拓展】词性拓展
preferable adj. 更可取的，更合适的
preference n. [C,U]偏好，喜好；[C]偏爱的事物，最喜爱的东西
have a preference fr sth. 偏爱某物 in preference t 而不是
[语境串记]I prefer the preferable suggestin yu mentined in the bk in preference t the wrds yu tld me yesterday. 我更喜欢你在书中提到的那个更可取的建议，而不是你昨天告诉我的那些话。
【练习】语法填空
①(浙江高考单项填空改编) We mst prefer saying/t say (say) yes t the requests f smene we knw and like.
②They prefer t put (put) ff the birthday party till next Sunday rather than (t) hld (hld)it withut the presencef their manager.
③(浙江高考单项填空改编) Pepledevelp a preference fr a particular style f learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning. (prefer)
④I am busy preparing fr the finalexaminatin. I prefer that yu(shuld) cme (cme)tmrrw rather than tday.
⑤I prefer the schl unifrm t the traditinal Chinese dress at the welcmeceremny next mnth.
⑥I can’t say which type f tea tastes better. It’s just a matter f persnal preference prefer.
⑦(2018·江苏阅读理解改编) Time ismney, but that principle means differentthings fr different types f restaurants. Unlike fast-fd places, fine dining shpsprefer custmers t stay (stay)lngerand spend.
2. rather than
【用法归纳】rather than意为“而不是……”，常用于连接平行结构，它连接的并列成分可以是动词、动词不定式、名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、v-ing或句子等。
▶He is a sailr rather than an explrer.他是一个海员，而不是一个探险者。(连接两个名词)
▶He is kind- hearted rather than flish.他是好心，而不是傻。(连接两个形容词)
▶He asked me hw I fund the hle rather than hw I escaped.
他问我是怎样发现这个洞的，而不是问我怎样逃出来的。(连接两个句子)
【注意】
l. rather than连接两个不定式时，后一个不定式常省略t，但rather than位于句首时，跟不带t的动词不定式。
▶He wanted t swim rather than play vlleyball.他想去游泳,而不是打排球。
▶Rather than stay here, I prefer t leave.我宁愿离开也不愿待在这里。
2. rather than连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即“就远原则”。具有相同用法的词语还有aswell as,with, besides等。
▶Yurather than I are ging t g camping.要去野营的是你，而不是我。
▶The father rather than the brthers is respnsible fr the accident.为这起事故负责的是那个父亲，而不是那些兄弟。
【练习】语法填空
1.(浙江高考单项填空改编) Facing up tyur prblems rather than running (run) away frm them is the bestapprach t wrking things ut.
2.(2020·四川省南充高级中学月考)Iprefer t stay at hme all night t make upthe lst time rather than watch (watch) TV prgrams.
3. Yu rather than yur sister are (be) t run the shp after yur parents retire.
4.(安徼高考单项填空改编) What weexpect frm yu is wrking hard ratherthan hardly wrking (wrk).
▲★3. diet
【用法归纳】
(1)n.[C,U]日常饮食；[C]规定饮食(为健康或减肥等目的)
a balanced/ healthy diet一种均衡/健康的饮食
be n a diet节食(表状态)
g n a diet节食(表动作)
▶T keep healthy, we must have a balanced diet.为了保持健康，我们必须有一个均衡的饮食。
▶My sister is n a diet, but she can’t resist the temptatin f sweet fd.我的姐姐在节食，但她抵制不住甜食的诱惑。
▶Many peple have cme t realize that they shuld g n a diet and spare sme time frexercise in their daily life.
很多人都已经开始意识到在日常生活中他们应该节食并抽出一些时间锻炼。
(2)v.节食，进行规定饮食
▶She’s always dieting but she never seems t lse any weight.她总是在节食，但体重好像从未减少。
【练习】完成句子
1.(2020·黑龙江哈三中期末) He must ben a diet (节食). He lksmuch thinner than he used t be.
2. Plants need water and sunlight t grwwell. Similarly, healthy bdy requiresa balanced diet(均衡的饮食).
3. As a matter f fact, yu can’t expect tlseweight simply byging n a diet/ dieting.(节食)
4. make it
【用法归纳】
(1)获得成功
▶The little by tried mre than nce and made it at last.小男孩试了不止一次，终于成功了。
(2)能够出席(或到场)。后接宾语时需加介词t。
▶Nice t see yu.I’m glad yu culd make it.见到你真好。我很高兴你能来。
▶I’m afraid I can’t make it t the meeting tmrrw.恐怕我明天不能出席会议了。
(3)(尤指在困难情况下)准时到达，赶上。后接宾语时常带有介词t，后面的宾语通常是表示地点的名词。
▶The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we will never make it.再过二十分钟飞机就起飞了，我们无论如何也赶不上了。
▶Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip.
然而，对于许多到了道森的人来说，这趟艰难的旅程是值得的。(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
【练习】判断下列句子中 make it的含义
①What a strng wind I dn’t think we will make it t the airprt n time. 准时到达
②After s many years f hard wrk in the field f music, she finally made it. 获得成功
③I’m really srry that I wn’t be able t make it n Sunday after all. 能够出席(或到场)
5. try ut fr参加……选拔(或试演)
【用法归纳】
▶These teams are ging t try ut fr the Olympic Games这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。
▶She is trying ut fr the schl play.她正在参加学校戏剧演员甄选。
【拓展】try构成的其他短语：
try n试穿 try fr力争赢得 try ut(nsb.)测试，试验，试用(某人)
try ne’s best尽某人最大的努力
【练习】用try的相关短语完成句子
①While hetried ut frthe freshmanbasketball team in highschl, Michael didn’t make it as a member.
②The by’s dream was t have his wn labratry ttry ut sme f his wn ideas.
③Why nttry nthat suit t see if itmatches yur shirt?
▲★5. desire
【用法归纳】
(1)n. 愿望，渴望，欲望
have a desire fr/ t d sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事
▶He has a strng desire t jin the army. 他非常渴望参军。
▶His desire is that he (shuld) visit the Great Wall smeday.他的愿望是有一天能参观长城。
(2)v. 渴望，期望，想望
desire t d sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. t d sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire + that从句希望……
▶We always desire t live in peace with ur neighbrs.我们一直希望能与我们的邻居和睦相处。
▶She desires that he (shuld) cme at nce. She desires him t cme at nce. 他想让他马上过来。
【注意】当 desire (意为“渴望，期望”)作动词后接宾语从句，以及 desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“shuld+动词原形”，shuld可以省略。
▶He desires that his bk (shuld) reach as many peple as pssible.他期望他的书能引起尽可能多的人的注意。
[语境串记] My daughter is nw a senir high schl student. She desires/has a desire that she (shuld) be admitted t a famus university. Besides, she has a strng desire t majr in English while I desire her t study medicine in the future. But nw she desires t have a gd time in the cming summer hliday. 我的女儿现在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。此外，她非常渴望主修英语，而我希望她将来学医。但是现在她渴望在即将到来的暑假中过得愉快。
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·厦门福建校级月考)Even s, she impressed the wrld with her curage and strng desire t succeed (succeed).
②Fashin is a cmpetitive and hard business where peple’s desire fr new ideas is hard t satisfy.
③Actually, all f us desire t achieve (achieve) success, but smetimes ur actins dn’t crrespnd with(与……一致) what we desire.
④We desire that immediate help (shuld) be given (give) t the lcal villagers wh have been suffering frm the rising fldwater.
2.单句写作
那位老妇人希望她的女儿时常来看她。(desire)
The ld wman desires her daughter t cme and see her frm time t time. 或 The ld wman desires that her daughter
(shuld)visit her nw and then.
6. pay ff
【用法归纳】
(1)取得成功，奏效。为不及物动词短语。
▶With the help f a lt f peple, ur plan paid ff.在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。
▶All his effrts have paid ff and his dream has cme true.他所有的努力都得到了回报，他的梦想实现了。
(2)付清，偿清；付清工资后解雇，遣散。为及物动词短语。
▶The pr cuple wrked hard day and night in rder t pay ff their debts. 这对可怜的夫妇日夜努力工作以偿清债务。
【拓展】pay构成的其他短语
pay back还钱；报复 pay fr...支付……的钱；为……付出代价
【练习】结合pay的相关短语完成句子
①Our teachers ften tell us that every minute we spend n studying will finally pay ff in the near future.
②J.K. Rwling spent many hurs in a warm cafe because she had n mney t pay fr the heating at hme.
[高频短语]7. keep up with
【用法归纳】
(1)跟上，与……齐步前进
▶I had t walk fast t keep up with him. 我要快走才能跟上他。
▶Jack is having truble keeping up with the rest f the class. 杰克很难跟上班里的其他同学。
(2)与(某人)保持联系
▶She still kept up with her classmates after graduatin. 毕业后她仍然与她的同班同学保持联系。
【拓展】keep构成的其他短语：
keep ff (sb./sth.)让开，不接近；使……不接近
keep away (frm) 远离……，避免接近……
keep n (ding sth.) 继续(做某事)
keep sth. back抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露
【练习】用keep的相关短语完成句子
①Tday the students in the cuntryside shuld have easy access t cmputers t keep up with the mdern times.
②Prper physical exercise enables the yuth t wrk effectively and t keep away frm disease.
③Deeply mved by the play, she culd hardly keep back her tears.
▲★8. earn
【用法归纳】
(1)vt. 赢得，博得
earn sb. sth.为某人赢得某物
earn a reputatin赢得声誉
earn the respect/ trust f sb. 赢得某人的尊敬/信任
▶His utstanding ability earned him a place n the team. 他非凡的能力为他在队中赢得了一席之地。
earn ne’s/a living短语中的ne’s和a不能换成the，且 living只能用单数形式。
▶Yur effrts will earn yu a gd reputatin.你的努力将会为你赢得佳誉。
▶As a teacher, she had earned the respect f the students.
作为教师，她赢得了学生们的尊敬。
(2)vt.&vi. 挣得，赚得
earn mney(= make mney)赚钱，挣钱
earn/ne’s living(= make a/ne’s living)谋生
▶My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by selling the fish.
我爷爷说去年夏天他们靠卖鱼赚了很多钱。(2018·全国I卷)
▶The by wanted t earn sme pcket mney by selling newspapers. 这个男孩想通过卖报纸赚一些零花钱。
▶She earns her living by teaching at a language schl. 她靠在语言学校教书维持生计。
【练习】用earn的相关短语完成句子
①他决定通过买卖东西来赚钱。He decided t earn mney by buying and selling things.
②他现在靠写小说谋生。He nw earns his/a living by writing nvels.
重点句型分析
1. Bgues was nly1.6 metres tall, which made him the shrtest player ever in the NBA.
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
Bgues was nly 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shrtest player ever in the NBA.
主句 which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句
【考点提炼】which引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
(2) which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是指物的单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。
(3) which引导非限制性定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，且不能省略。
(4) which引导非限制性定语从句时，不能换成 that。
▶Last night I saw a very gd film, which was abut the Secnd Wrld War.
昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，它是关于第二次世界大战的。(which指代的是 a very gd film, 且在从句中作主语)
▶The manager said nthing, which made him tenser still.
经理什么也没说，这使他更加紧张。( which指代的是前面的整个句子，且在从句中作主语)
▶These apple trees, which I planted three years ag, have nt brne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。( which指代的是apple trees，且在从句中作宾语)
▶She is an artist, which I am nt.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。(which指代的是an artist，且在从句中作表语)
【练习】语法填空
①(2019·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解改编)During the rsy years f elementary schl (小学), I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes,
which allwed me t keep my high scial status.
②(2018·北京单项填空改编) She and her family bicycle t wrk, which helps them keep fit.
③(2017·全国Ⅱ卷短文改错改编)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is n the rftp f their huse.
2. The last quarter was abut t begin, and my team was behind by10 pints. 最后一节即将开始，我们队还落后10分。
【考点提炼】 be abut t d sth.
be abut t d sth. 表示“将要做某事”，一般不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。常用于“be abut t ”结构，意为“正要做……，这时(突然)……”。
▶The train is abut t leave.火车就要开走了。
▶She was abut t leave when the teacher came in.她刚要离开，这时老师进来了。
【练习】语法填空
①As I was abut t give (give) up hpe, a man driving a dirty ld car came t my aid.
②We were abut t climb up t the tp f the muntain when it began t rain heavily.
3. “I dn’t think I can play anymre, cach,”I said quietly as the dctr put an ice pack n my knee.
“教练，我觉得我没法再打了，”当医生将冰袋放在我的膝盖上时，我轻声说。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
“I dn’t think I can play anymre, cach,” I said quietly as the dctr put an ice pack n my knee.
省略that的宾语从句，此处用了否定转移 as引导的时间状语从句
【考点提炼】as引导的时间状语从句
as引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着，当……时”，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
▶As she grew lder, she gained cnfidence.随着年龄的增长她的信心增强了。
▶We all cheered as we watched the natinal flag rising in the Olympic Games n TV.
在电视上看到国旗在奥运会会场上升起的时候，我们都欢呼起来。
【注意】as意为“随着”时，意思同with，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较：
随着时间的流逝，他的记忆力似乎越来越差。
▶As time ges by, his memry seems t get wrse.
▶With time ging by, his memry seems t get wrse.
【练习】单句写作
随着中国的发展，汉语变得越来越重要。
As China develps, Chinese is becming mre and mre imprtant. 或With the develpment f China, Chinese is becming mre and mre imprtant.
4. “Well，”said the cach as he hit Paul n the shulder, “yu’ve just earned yur place n the team, big guy!”
“嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’!”
【句式剖析】本句中的as引导时间状语从句，hit Paul n the shulder属于“动词+sb. +介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构，该结构用来表示接触某人身体的某一部位。
【考点提炼】“动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构
该结构中，若身体部位不同，介词也不同，其具体用法如下：
+sb. +
拍，打：pat, strike,hit,beat
抓：catch, seize, grasp, hld
拉，牵：pull,take
in+the+柔软的部位(如face,eye,leg等)
n+the+坚硬的部位(如head, shulder,back等)
by+the+可牵拉的部位(如 hand,arm,ear等)
▶Dn’t hit him in the face.不要打他的脸。
▶The angry father caught his sn by the arm.那个生气的父亲拽住了儿子的胳膊。
▶The naughty by hit the man n the nse.那个淘气的男孩儿打中了那个人的鼻子。
【练习】单句写作
①小男孩挽着奶奶的胳膊，带她过了马路。
The little by tk his grandma by the arm and walked her acrss the street.
②一个苹果从树上掉下来砸在他的头上。
An apple fell frm the tree and hit him n the head.
③在泰国，你不能碰别人的头，即使是意外。
In Thailand, yu mustn’t tuch smene n the head , even by accident.
5. What d yu think the cach might have learnt frm his experiences with Paul?
你认为教练可能从保罗的经历中学到什么?
【句式剖析】本句为特殊疑问句，句中“might have learnt”为“情态动词+have dne”结构。
【考点提炼】“情态动词+ have dne”结构
(1) shuld/ ught t have dne表示“本来应该做(但实际上未做)”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式 shuld nt/ught nt t have dne表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。
▶Yu are late again. Yu shuld have cme earlier.你又迟到了，你本应该早点来的。
▶Yu shuld have gne t the cncert with us yesterday. What a pity!你昨天本该和我们一起去听音乐会的。太遗憾了!
(2) must have dne表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做过”，只用于肯定句。
▶It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
(3)can/ culd have dne用于表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能做了某事”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(culd have dne还可用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做”)；其否定形式 can’t/culdn’t have dne sth.表示“过去不可能做了某事”，表示一种非常有把握的推测。
▶There is n light in the rm. Can they have gne ut?屋里没有灯光，他们可能出去了吗?
▶Mr Smith can’t have gne t Beijing, fr I saw him in the library just nw.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。
▶He culd have passed the exam, but he was t careless.本来他能够通过考试的，但是他太粗心了。
(4)may/ might have dne表示对过去情况不肯定的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。
▶Yu may have read abut it in the newspapers.你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。
(5) needn’t have dne表示“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”，一般不用 need have dne的形式。
▶Yu needn’t have tld me the news. I have already knwn it.你本不必告诉我这个消息的。我已经知道了。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①—Oh, I just missed the last bus back hme.
—That’s really bad. I’m sure yu culd have caught (catch) it, but yu just didn’t hurry up.
②(2019·江苏阅读理解改编) At sme time in the past Yellwstne must have blwn (blw) up with a vilence far beynd the scale (规模) f anything knwn t humans.
③—Is it Mr Smith?
—There isn’t any Mr Smith here. Yu must have dialed the wrng number.
2.完成句子
①怀特先生本应该上午8:30到达并参加这次会议的，但他没有出席。
Mr White shuld/ught t have arrived at 8:30 am fr the meeting, but he didn’t shw up.
②(浙江高考单项填空改编)乔治不可能已经走远了，因为他的咖啡还是热的。
Gerge can’t/culdn’t have gne t far. His cffee is still warm.
③我已经带了一把伞，你本不必再带一把的。
I have taken an umbrella, s yu needn’t have taken anther ne.
语法
挖教材•语法示例
用适当的关系代词完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征。
1. When we weren’t playing n the curtwhich/thatwas next t urbuilding, we were watching a game n TV.
2. Paul’s favurite player was Tyrne Bgues, a guywh/thatplayed fr the Charltte Hrnets, althugh we actually agree thatthey are bth champins.
3. Everyne knew Paul had real skills, and was smenewhwrked really hard and had a strng desire t play fr the team.
4. This week, The Lins were playing ur main cmpetitrs,TheBears, a teamwhserecrd this seasn had beenperfect.
5. Paul didn’t knw he’d sn get the chancewhich/that he’d beenwaiting fr.
6. And clearly, all the extra hursthathe’d spent practisingalne paid ff.
限制性定语从句( I )——关系代词
【知识点1】定语从句的基本概述
1.定语从句的定义：
在复合句中修饰或限定主句中某一名词或代词的从句定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。限制性定
语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。限制性定语从句不能省略，否则句意就不完整。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系词的作用：
①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当句子成分。
3.关系词的分类：
①关系代词：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as(本单元讲前五个的用法)；②关系副词：when, where, why。
【知识点2】关系代词的基本用法
关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
1.wh指人，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。
▶Here cmes the girl wh wants t see yu.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(wh在从句中作主语)
▶He is the man wh I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的人。(wh在从句中作宾语)
2.whm指人，在定语从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用wh代替。若whm前有介词，则不能用wh代替，也不可省略。
▶Rse is the persn (whm/wh) yu shuld lk after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。
▶When I have truble, he is the nly ne t whm I can g fr help.当我有困难时，他是我唯一可以求助的人。
3. whse指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。
▶They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn. 那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮忙。
4. which一般指物，在定语从句中作主谙或宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。
▶China is a cuntry which has a lng histry.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。(which在从句中作主语)
▶The package (which) yu are carrying is abut t fall.你拿的包快掉了。( which在从句中作宾语)
5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用wh替代，指物时一般可用 which替代。
▶The number f peple that/ wh cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。(that/wh在从句中作主语)
▶The chair (that/which) yu brke yesterday is nw being repaired.
你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修。(that/wh在从句中作宾语)
【知识点3】关系代词的选择
1.宜用that不用 which的情况
(1)当先行词是all, much, anything, smething, everything, nthing, little, nne等不定代词时。
▶She tld me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
(2)当先行词被all, n, few, any, little, sme, much, last, nly, very等修饰时。
▶I’ve read all the bks that were brrwed frm thers. 我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。
▶Mr Smith is the nly freigner that she knws.史密斯先生是她唯一认识的外国人。
(3)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
▶This is the mst exciting ftball game that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。
▶The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
▶I can remember well the persns and sme pictures that I saw in the rm.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。
▶The freign visitrs spke highly f the yung pineers and their perfrmances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
(5)当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。此时句子一般带有类比含义。
▶He is n lnger the star that he was.他不再是过去的那位明星了。
▶Our schl is n lnger the place that it used t be.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
2.宜用which不用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
▶The bkstre prvides us with all the bks we need, which makes us mved.
这家书店给我们提供了所有我们需要的书，这使我们感动。
(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
▶I’m lking fr a cntainer in which I can put all these peaches. 我正在找一个能放下所有这些桃子的容器。
(3)在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个的关系代词是that，那么后一个的关系代词宜用which。
▶Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library which was newly pened.
我给你看看这本从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。
3.宜用wh不用that的情况
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词时，如ne, anyne, n ne, all, nbdy, anybdy, nne等，或先行词为 thse或被 thse修饰且指人时。
▶The student yu shuld learn frm is the ne wh wrks hard and studies well.
你应该向那个努力学习而且学习好的学生学习。
(2)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般用wh
▶The by that yu met last night is the grup leader wh studiesvery hard.
昨晚你遇到的那个男孩是那个学习非常努力的小组组长。
【知识点4】定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
▶The bks that were sld ut in tw weeks were all written byTm. 两周内卖光的那些书都是汤姆写的。
▶I’m fnd f the piece f music which was played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮演奏的那首曲子。
【注意】“ne f the+可数名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；而“the nly/very/ right ne fthe+可数名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
▶ He is ne f the players wh were presented with themedal.他是被授予了奖章的运动员之一。
▶He is the nly ne f the players wh was presented with themedal.他是唯一一位被授予了奖章的运动员。
✎基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：25分钟
Tpic Talk
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1.(2020·广东佛山期末) Nrmally, anathlete (运动员) in sprts like track and field and ball sprts retires in his r her 30s.
2. It’s imprtant t frm a gd habit f taking exerciseregularly(经常地).
3. The elevatr brke dwn. That’s why I chse t climb thestairs(楼梯) instead.
4. Thegym(健身房) is under cnstructin. It wn’t pen t the public until the end f this year.
5. Wuld yu like t play tennis with me in the schlcurt(球场) this weekend?
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1. I must say I have a strngpreference(prefer) fr classical architecture(建筑).
2. In sunny days, he prefers t d/ ding(d) sme utdr activities and enjys the warm sunshine.
3.(2017·天津单项填空改编) Nwadays,cycling(cycle), alng withjgging(jg) and swimming(swim), is regarded as ne f the best all-arund frms f exercise.
4. I prefer ding sprts with thers tchatting(chat) nline in the rm.
5. Tm, rather than Jackie, is (be) ging t speak n behalf f ur class in tmrrw’s meeting.
三、完成句子
1.A balanced diet (均衡的饮食) with prper amunt f physical exercise cntributes t a healthy life.
2. My mther is ntin gd shape (健康状况良好), and has taken up tennis t get fit.
3. The dctr suggested that I take mre exercise rather thang n a diet(节食) t imprve my pr health.
Lessn1
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1. (2020·江苏盐城期末)Thecrwd(人群) cheered widely at the sight f thechampin(冠军), wh was reprted t have brken the wrld recrd.
2. It wn’t be easy tdefeat(战胜) the COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎), but if we hang n, we will succeed in the end.
3. Running a cmpany(公司) is nt a simple matter f hiring peple—they als need t be trained.
4. Histric sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great surce finspiratin(灵感).
5. Wepacked(打包) all the bks in wden bxes s that they wuldn’t get damaged.
6. Bring anextra(额外的) pencil with yu in case smething ges wrng with this ne during the exam.
7. He is always full fenergy(活力) as thught he never knew tiredness.
8. The majrity f the wrkers find it hard t live n the amuntearn(赚得).
9. The yung by always reprts t his mther hw many hme runs(本垒打) he hits and she always claps(鼓掌)and cheers fr him.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2020·黑龙江哈三中期末) I have a strng desire t visit (visit) the ld castle whse dr is painted red.
2. It’s her great desire fr imprvement and willingness t try ut new ideas that have given Drew Faust success in a wrld cntrlled by men.
3.(2017·北京单项填空改编) The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins (inspire) fr great inventins.
4. Several passers-by came t rescue the passengers immediately when the car crashed int the tree n the radside.
5. Keep in mind that yur effrt will pay ff. Dn’t let ne r tw failures get yu dwn.
6. Charles is an expert in repairing bikes. He will nt let yu dwn .
7. In my pinin, the key t air pllutin is t inspire peple t take (take) public transprt in big cities.
三、单句写作
1.我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它忘在超市了，但我不确定。(“情态动词+ have dne”结构)
I can’t find my purse. I can/may/culd/might have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure.
2.我需要减肥，我的衣服都不合适了。()
I need t lse weight. My clthes dn’t fit anymre
3.我正在街上走，突然有人拍了拍我的肩膀，吓了我一跳。(“动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构，which引导的非限制性定语从句)
I was walking in the street when smene patted me n the shulder, which frightened me
4.我正要做晚饭，这时突然停电了。(be abut t d sth.)
I was abut t ck my dinner when the pwer was cut ff.
5.蒂娜经常在课堂上听老师讲课时做笔记，这对她复习很有帮助。(as引导的时间状语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句)
Tina ften takes ntes as she listens t the teacher in class, which helps her a lt when she ges ver her lessns.
语法练｜专项突破｜建议时间：20分钟
一、用适当的关系代词填空
1.(2020·天津河北区模考) Hw medicine wrks in a humanbdy is a questin that/which nt everyne can understandfully.
2.(江苏省扬州中学月考) He was the nly ne f the bys wh was late fr class. [注:先行词是ne指人，宜用wh]
3.(北京四中期末) Please g thrugh the text and underline the wrds whse meanings yu dn’t knw.
4. —D yu knw everybdy wh came t the party?
—N. I dn’t knw the ne wh/whm yu had a lng talk with.
5.(2020·黑龙江哈三中期末) I have seen mst f the greatest buildings in the wrld that are famus n the Internet.
6.(重庆高考单项填空改编) We’ll reach the sales targets in a mnth that/which we set at the beginning f the year.
7. The writer and his nvel that yu have just talked abut are really well-knwn.
8.(2020·上海金山区期末) This nvel is ppular with thse wh were brn in the 1980s.
9. There is n success withut hard wrk; success is smething that is nly earned after much labr.
10. She is the teacher frm whm I have brrwed this dictinary.
11. Accrding t the new plan, students can chse the teacher whse class they wish t take.
12. He spent his Sunday afternn in the library that/which was built f stne.
13.(2020·上海金山区期末) The thught f ging back hme was all that kept him happy while he was wrking abrad.
14. The bk tells stries f the earthquake thrugh the eyes f thse whse lives were affected.
15. Luckily we’d brught a map withut which we wuld have lst ur way.
二、用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening t classical music.
I have a friend that/wh likes listening t classical music.
2. Last week Mary wre the dress. I gave it t her.
Last week Mary wre the dress that/which I gave t her.
3. They live in a rm. Its windw faces suth.
They live in a rm whse windw faces suth.
4. She wants t visit the village. Her mther likes it best.
She wants t visit the village that/which her mther likes best.
5. The ld man likes reading the newspaper every day. Itcntains imprtant infrmatin.
The ld man likes reading the newspaper that/which cntains imprtantinfrmatin every day.
综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间：6分钟
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Paul and I were n the schl basketball team. Paul’sfavurite player was Tyrne Bgues, a guy (1)wh/that played fr theCharltte Hrnets. Guess why? Paul was nly 1.6 metres high, as tall as Bgues. Being (2) shrter (shrt)than ther players meant he had t practise mre and he used Bgues as his (3) inspiratin (inspire). He said if Bgues culd make it, he culd t. Althugh he had a strng desire (4) t play(play) fr theteam, he was still usually n the bench. That’s (5) really (real) tugh n him. This week, he gt the chance he had been waiting fr. I gt (6)injured (injure) in the cmpetitin. Thecach agreed t give him (7) a sht. We were behind by 10pints then and it was nly 15 minutes befre the cmpetitin ended. The extra hurs Paul spent (8) practising (practise) paid ff and he made sht after sht. We (9) wn (win) by 2 pints with Paul’s help. The cach hit him (10) n the shulder and said
he had earned his place.