高中英语上教版必修二 情态动词（原卷+解析卷）

第一讲情态动词一、情态动词基本用法二、情态动词表推测can/could用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性As we all know, an experienced teacher can make mistakes. 众所周知，一位有经验的老师也会犯错。You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。You must be hungry now, aren’t you?He must be watching TV, isn’t he ?Tom must have lived here for a long time, hasn’t he ?She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she?三、情态动词表虚拟例1. 选择题My sister has gone abroad, so you __________ meet her at tonight’s party here. 【2020浦东期末】A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. might not D. mustn’tThey __________ by air this morning for all flights were canceled due to the heavy fog.【2020交大附中期末】A. shouldn’t have left B. mustn’t have left C. can’t have left D. might not have leftWho is knocking at the door? __________ it be your guest?【2020交大附中期末】A. Can B. Shall C. May D. MustTo get a short tour by subway __________ sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during the rush hour.A. must B. can C. shall D. should—What’s the matter with you? —Oh, I am sick. I __________ so much ice cream just now.A. shouldn’t eat           B. mustn’t eat          C. couldn’t have eaten        D. shouldn’t have eatenDays later, my brother called to say he was all right, but __________ say where he was. A. mustn’t           B. shouldn’t      C. wouldn’t           D. mightn’tThe school rules state that no child __________ be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.A. shall B. should C. will D. canI wonder what makes TikTok popular among people of all ages. People have devoted most of their energies which __________ for other more significant things.A. would be saved B. could have been saved C. must have been saved D. should be savedThe weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I __________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. shouldn’t have taken B. couldn’t have takenC. mustn’t have taken D. needn’t have takenThis project __________ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it __________ finished on time.A. must be; may be B. should be; can beC. may be; must be D. can be; should be【难度】★★一、填空According to the law, people under eighteen __________ not drink or smoke.It is taken for granted in China that children __________ __________ support their parents.You __________ not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he __________ see me.I can’t find Mr Smith anywhere in the office building. Where __________ he have gone?We __________ have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.They __________ have missed the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.I didn’t hear the phone. I __________ have been asleep.The regulations state that no one __________ be allowed to smoke in public places.He had known the matter before you told him, so you __________ not have told it to him.【难度】★★★一、翻译由于那条狗，小女孩不敢一个人去上学。(dare)________________________________________________________________________________你原本应该警告我们那里有危险但你却没有。(warn...of...)________________________________________________________________________________到去年年底前他肯定已看完教授推荐的所有的书目。(must)________________________________________________________________________________她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)【2018春考】________________________________________________________________________________对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare) ________________________________________________________________________________我每次尝试同表弟讨论他的婚姻问题时，都不得不以吵架告终。(end up)________________________________________________________________________________多吃水果蔬菜，你就不必担心维生素缺乏。(lack of)________________________________________________________________________________【难度】★★★★二、语法填空Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Much Food Do You Waste?If all the food that’s thrown away in three American cities could be saved, it would provide 68 million meals for people who don’t have enough to eat, according to a recent study.A team of researchers in the United States spent a week looking through the garbage bags of 1,151 people (21) __________ (live) in Denver, New York and Nashville. The researchers wanted to know what kind of food was being thrown away, how much there was, and (22) __________ it was being dropped into the trash.By asking these questions, the researchers hoped to find ways (23) __________ (reduce) the amount of food we throw away, and to give some of that food to people who need (24) __________.The researchers found that, in the cities they surveyed, more than a kilogram of edible food per person is wasted each week. (Edible food is food you (25) __________ eat. It doesn’t include things like apple cores, egg shells, or bones from meat.) In Canada, about $31 billion worth of food ends up in landfills each year, (26) __________ it produces methane, a gas that contributes to global warming. Fruits and vegetables were (27) __________ (common) edible foods found in the trash, followed by food leftover from meals.The people taking part in the survey gave several reasons (28) __________ throwing edible food away. Most said the food was spoiled. Some said they weren’t interested in eating leftovers. A few said the food (29) __________ (pass) the “Best Before” date printed on the label.A lot of food is wasted (30) __________ it even reaches the grocery store. Fruits and vegetables that have bruises or that don’t look attractive enough don’t even get put onto the shelves because most people won’t buy them. The researchers suggest that grocery stores should donate any food that is still okay to eat to food banks or homeless shelters, instead of throwing it away.【难度】★★★一、填空We __________ __________ be careful when we are making friends on the Internet.Our holidays were ruined by the weather, we __________ just as well have stayed at home!“You __________ not smoke in the bedroom.” Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the room.The importance of saving gas __________ not be stressed too much. Automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman __________ be so rude to a lady.—I can hear the water running in the bathroom.—Yes, Bira __________ be taking another shower.You __________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She __________ not have spoken at the meeting.You __________ __________ have adopted different approaches to the problem, but you didn’t.Since you have made such good preparations, there __________ not be any problem about passing the coming exam.【难度】★★★二、六选四Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.How Ordinary Beehives Could Reverse Our Plastic Waste DisasterBees support life in so many ways, from helping farmers grow your favorite fruit to pollinating (授粉) feed crops for the cows that provide you with milk, cheese, and meat.________57________. First, scientists have noticed that some bees produce a substance that feels similar to plastic. Imagine a natural, non-toxic plastic alternative coating your fast-food packaging. ________58________. Second, some bees have begun using waste plastics in their nests. This instinctual reusing and recycling could help clean up urban areas that are already dealing with heavy plastic pollution.A few years ago, scientist Veronica Harwood-Stevenson went on the hunt for a natural alternative to plastic. She found the Australian Hylaeus nubilosus masked bee. These bees create nesting material that is “non-toxic, waterproof, flame-resistant, and able to withstand heat.” Harwood-Stevenson founded a company called Humble Bee to reverse-engineer this natural plastic. ________59________.At her TEDx talk in November 2019, Harwood-Stevenson said, “We hope that one day soon our product will be used to safely coat the fabrics of your clothes and the furniture that you sit on.”Last year, Smithsonian Magazine was filled with news that bees were using plastics as nesting materials. ________60________. But it could also mean that bees, whose populations are already shrinking, are putting themselves in harm’s way. “Microplastics are known to threaten a wide array of marine animals, even those that don’t swallow the plastics directly,” the article reported.【难度】★★★★三、词汇背诵情态动词基本用法例句can/could1、表示能力，可译为“能，会”。2、表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。The cinema can seat 1,000 people. Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?How can you be so careless? You can’t be too careful when driving.may/might在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。1、表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you?May you succeed!must/have to1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。3、mustn’t表示“禁止”；don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。Everyone must obey the rule. My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone.You don’t have to tell me the secret.Truth must be out.When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door. shall1、表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。2、表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。3、表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。Shall they wait outside? He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心）The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.should1、表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）。2、常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等，意为“竟然”。One shouldn’t be selfish.How should I know?He should be taking a bath now.It’s a pity that you should be so careless.ought to1、表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。2、表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。We ought to defend our country.Prices ought to come down soon.will1、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。2、表请求，用于疑问句。3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。I will do anything for you.Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. The door won’t open.would1、表意愿。2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. Would you like another glass of beer? Every time she was in trouble, shewould go to him for help. used to1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。2、否定：usedn’t to/didn’t use to。区别：used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的习惯动作，与现在无关，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there.Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.need1、作情态动词：need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must，have to，ought to，或 should代替。否定：needn’t do2、作实义动词：后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化。肯定：need to do 否定：don’t need to doYou needn’t come so early.He needs to finish it this evening.He doesn’t need to finish it this evening. dare1、作情态动词：主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。2、作实义动词：在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带 to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面的不定式可以不带to。肯定：dare to do 否定：don’t dare (to) do—He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?—Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t.How dare you say I’m unfair?If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.结构时态例句must dobe doinghave doneHe must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.It’s midnight now. He must be sleeping.The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.may/might may/might not Your math teacher may/might (not) be in his office. I might have lost my watch in the bath room.can/could can/could notcan/could...?John walked past me without speaking. He can’t/couldn’t have seen me.He cannot be at home. Can the story be true? / Where can (could) they have gone?结构所用句式意义例句should/ought to have done肯定/否定/疑问句本来(不)应该We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. They shouldn’t have left so soon.could/might have done肯定句本来能够/可以I could have run 100 meters in 12 seconds.You might have made greater progress. But you didn’t.need have done否定句本不必要I need not have got up so early.A. This discovery means bees are adapting to a changing worldB. Bees are playing a vital role in saving the worldC. The company works with researchers to figure out how to recreate the material in a cost- effective wayD. It could change the future of our oceans and diminish (减少) pollution worldwideE. The company has discovered many other bees which are able to produce similar materialsF. When it comes to plastic waste, bees could assist in two ways下节课十一选十高频词acknowledgebottle upconsequence demandingfinancialfurther vt承认；答谢；告知收到克制n后果；重要性a要求高的，费力的a财政的，金融的a/adv进一步v促进handleinappropriatelynegativeneglectunresolved debtv处理n把手adv不合适地a消极的；否定的；负的v/n忽视a未解决的n债务loanstateoccurentirerecognizetendencyn/v贷款n状态；州；国家vt陈述，声明vi发生；出现a全部的，整个的vt认出；认可；赞赏n趋势unsettled destructive patternviolentemergehatreda未解决的a破坏的，毁灭性的n模式；图案a暴力的；猛烈的vi出现，浮现n憎恨victimspecificn受害者，牺牲者a特定的；具体的