湖南省衡阳市部分校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份湖南省衡阳市部分校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了15， B， What is Mrs等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 考试听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例: Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C.
1. Where des the cnversatin mst prbably take place?
A. In a bank. B. At a dry-cleaning shp. C. At a restaurant.
2. What time des the train leave?
A. At 8:25. B. At 8:15. C. At 8:50.
3. Hw did the man break his leg?
A. He had a fall at the pl. B. He fell jumping ver a tennis net. C. He had an accident while skating.
4. What is the man's favurite free-time activity?
A. Listening t music. B. Reading a bk. C. Watching TV.
5. What might have happened?
A. A gas accident. B. An earthquake. C. A fire.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6，7题。
6. What is Mrs. White expecting?
A. Mrs. Brwn's call. B. Mr. Brwn's call. C. Mr. White's return.
7. What will happen in a cuple f hurs?
A. Mrs.Brwn will make a call. B. Mrs.White will send an e-mail. C. The pstcards will be sent ff.
听第7段材料、回答第8、9题。
8. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Dctr and patient. C. Emplyer and emplyee.
9. What des the man advise the wman t d befre ging t bed?
A. Drink sme cffee. B. Have a cld bath. C. Read a bring bk.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What des the wman think f surfing the Net at first?
A. It is a waste f time. B. It can save time. C. It is fun.
11. What is Tm ding?
A. Reading the news.
B. Ding shpping.
C. Lking fr infrmatin fr his hmewrk.
12. What des Tm recmmend t his mther?
A. E-shpping. B. E-mail. C. E-card.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the wman?
A. A travel agent. B. A shpkeeper. C. A teacher.
14. What des the man plan t d?
A. G traveling. B. Bk a train ticket. C. Buy new sunglasses.
14. What des the man plan t d?
A. G traveling. B. Bk a train ticket. C. Buy new sunglasses.
15. What will the man d in Hawaii?
A. Bk sme lessns. B. G swimming. C. Surf the Internet.
16. Why is May the best time t visit Hawaii?
A. The number f the turists is the largest.
B. The weather is pleasant.
C. The scenery is the mst beautiful.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What d scientists want t d abut the desert?
A. Change it int gd land. B. Raise crps and animals there. C. Build a hydrpwer statin there.
18. What can we knw abut the desert?
A. It gets very little rain.
B. It can be turned int gd land sn.
C. It never has any plants r animals in it.
19. Why are small green plants very imprtant t dry places?
A. They prmte the water recycle.
B. They ffer fd fr the animals.
C. They can keep the water and earth.
20. What makes land becme desert little by little?
A. The little rain. B. The few plants and animals. C. The bad things that peple d.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Fr centuries peple have wndered wh was the mdel fr Lenard d da Vinci’s Mna Lisa and what was the reasn fr her smile. But the Mna Lisa is just ne f the many mysteries in the art wrld. Here are sme ther ntable unslved art mysteries that might be a little less familiar.
Mystery 1: Wh Is the girl in Jhannes Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring?
Arund 1665, Dutch artist Jhannes Vermeer painted a charming prtrait f a yung girl. Peple arund the glbe have lng wndered wh this fetching yung lady was. Many say she must have been Vermeer’s daughter r girlfriend. Others think she wasn’t a real persn, but rather an intentinally mysterius, timeless figure. The painting, referred t as the “Mna Lisa f the Nrth”, has been part f The Hague’s permanent cllectin since 1903. But it draws recrd-breaking crwds whenever and wherever it turs arund the wrld.
Mystery 2: Where Is Raphael’s Prtrait f a Yung Man?
Prtrait f a Yung Man is cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant pieces f art t g missing during Wrld War II. The painting was created arund 1513 by Raphael, a famus Italian Renaissance artist, and stlen frm Pland’s Princes Czartryski Museum in 1939.
The prtrait had traveled t Germany and Austria befre it was gne in 1945.
Mystery 3: Was Van Ggh Murdered?
One f the main things peple knw abut Vincent van Ggh is that he cut ff his ear. That was likely because the Dutch pst-impressinist painter suffered frm mental illness, prbably severe depressin. The fficial cause is suicide frm a gun sht at clse range.
That certainly seems plausible (貌似有理的), given his pr mental health. Hwever, n gun was fund near his bdy, and lcals reprted tw teenage bys bullying him shrtly befre his death.
1. What d Prtrait f a Yung Man and Girl with a Pearl Earring have in cmmn?
A. They are bth gne.B. They are bth prtraits.
C. They were created at the same perid.D. They are bth related t Wrld War II.
2. Wh prbably suffered frm mental illness?
A. Lenard da Vinci.B. Jhannes Vermeer.C. Vincent van Ggh.D. Raphael.
3. Wh is likely t be mre interested in this selectin?
A. Art lvers.B. Bk reviewers.C. Tur guides.D. Music cmpsers.
One f the three astrnauts wh made up the histric Apll 11 crew, NASA veteran Michael Cllins passed away tday, April 28, 2021, at the age f 90.
Cllins was brn n Oet. 31, 1930, in Rme, Italy. His father, a career fficer in the US, Amy wh’d g n t retire as a majr general, was statined there at the time. After his family returned stateside, Cllins earned a Bachelr f Science degree frm the US. Military Academy at West Pint, graduating with the class f 1952. He then became an Air Frce test pilt, which pened sme interesting drs. In 1962, Jhn Glenn became the first American t rbit the Earth. Glenn’s achievement was an inspiratin fr Cllins. “I certainly had n childhd dream f flying t the mn r anywhere else, but the idea was extremely appealing.” Cllins wrte in his autbigraphy Carrying the Fire: An Astrnaut’s Jurneys. He was selected t jin NASA’s third class f astrnauts the fllwing year. His first extraterrestrial (地球外的) adventure came in 1966, when Cllins set abut n a three-day spaceflight with fellw astrnaut Jhn Yung. Knwn as Gemini X, their missin was ne fr the recrd bks; the tw men reached the then-unprecedented (前所未有的) altitude f 475 miles (764kilmeters).
Of curse, Michael Cllins is best remembered fr his rle in Apll 11. On July 16, 1969, at 8:32 AM (Eastern Standard Time), Cllins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrng were launched ut f the Kennedy Space Center in Flrida. They were the three explrers NASA had chsen fr the first missin that wuld ever put a man n the mn. Fur days int their adventure, n July 20, Cllins parted ways with his crewmates. Seated in the Eagle landing craft, Armstrng and Aldrin made their landing nt the lunar surface. An American flag was planted; phts were taken; Armstrng said the immrtal wrds, “ One small step fr man, ne giant leap fr mankind.”
Meanwhile, Cllins stayed behind in the crew’s cmmand mdule (舱), rbiting the mn as his clleagues explred it.
4. What mtivated Cllins t dream f flying t the mn?
A. His father’s encuragement.B. Jhn Glenn’s achievement.
C. His childhd experiences.D. His favrite bk.
5. What can we learn abut Cllins frm paragraph 2?
A. He became the first American t rbit Earth.
B. He dreamed f flying t the mn in his childhd.
C. His first space explratin was accmplished by himself.
D. He nce wrte an autbigraphy.
6. Why is Cllins best-knwn many peple until nw?
A. He was praised by Armstrng.B. He became an Air Frce test pilt.
C. He participated in the wrk f Apll 11.D. He reached the then-unprecedented altitude f 475 miles.
7. Which wrd can be best used t describe Cllins?
A. Ambitius.B. Lucky.C. Warmhearted.D. Humrus.
Half f all Australian teens nw spend mre time, r as much tine, nline with their friends rather than seeing them in persn. This is despite the fact that ne third f by’s and 42 per cent f girls say scial media makes hard times even mre tugh. Teenagers wh went frm using scial media weekly t daily had a higher risk f depressin and anxiety, the researchers fund. New research frm the Australian Institute f Family Studies has renewed cncerns abut the impact f screen time n teenagers’ mental health.
The findings shwed 46 per cent f 16-year-lds and 36 per cent f 14-year-lds spent the same time cntacting friends via Snapchat, vide gaming, Instagram r TikTk as seeing then face-t-face. The findings als shwed 7 per cent f 16-year-lds and 5 per cent f 14-ycar-lds mainly interacted with friends electrnically. The highest percentage f children wh cmmunicated with friends mstly via scial media were 16-year-lds with autism (自闭症), the researchers fund. The study, which has fllwed 10,000 children since 2004, surveyed 14 and 15-year-lds and 16 and 17-year-lds abut the time they spent nline.
Australian Institute f Family Studies researcher Pilar Risec said, “The platfrms yung peple are using t cmmune have changed significantly and digital devices such as mbile phnes have becme mre readily available t adlescents.”
“The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way that many yung peple cnnect, with many having t rely heavily n digital technlgies t keep in tuch with friends and family.” Dr Risec als fund that a quarter f teens were victims f cyber-bullying, including threats and name calling. A quarter f thse with autism said being nline made it easier t be themselves and almst half said being nline helped them feel better during difficult times.
Dr Risec said nline cnnectin “appears t have benefits fr sme yung peple in terms f helping scial cnnectin and prviding supprt during difficult times”. “Prviding yung peple with the skills t cmmunicate safely nline and deal with cyber-bullying is critical,” she added.
8. What des the new research shw?
A. 36% f 14-year-lds mstly cmmunicated with friends nline.
B. 46% f 16-year-lds mstly cmmunicated with friends nline.
C. 7% f 16-year-lds spent equal time with friends nline and ffline.
D. 36% f 14-year-lds spent equal time with friends nline and ffline.
9. What can best replace the underlined wrd “cmmune” in paragraph 3?
A. Update.B. defend.C. cnnect.D. learn.
10. What may ne furth teenagers with autism think f nline cnnectin?
A. It makes them at ease.B. It is a main threat t them.
C. It cures them f the disease.D. It makes them experience mre difficult times.
11. Hw can we help the teenagers accrding t Dr Risec?
A. By allwing them t cnnect mre nline.
B. By teaching them t prtect themselves nline.
C. By prviding them with mre Internet languages.
D. By ffering them mre platfrms t cmmunicate.
Water shrtage is ccurring in sme f the US’ biggest freshwater reserves and it is als evident in ther parts f the planet, accrding t a research study published in the jurnal Nature last mnth.
The research study was cnducted by Xander Huggins, a PhD candidate at the University f Victria and his fellw researchers.
The Earth has less than 3% freshwater with nly 1% is accessible t the grwing human ppulatin. Bth natural freshwater reserves and freshwater in reservirs may be at risk if their amunt cntinues t drp and the ppulatin cntinues t increase. In 2021, there are apprximately 7.9 billin peple by January 31, accrding t the United States Census Bureau. The research study fund 34 trends in terrestrial (地面上的) water reserves bserved by the Gravity Recvery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites frm 2002 t 2016. These trends were acquired when the researchers examined 1,024 basins acrss the wrld with the gal f understanding hw water availability cuples with scial prcesses in the cmmunity.
Accrding t Huggins, the main factr they studied were freshwater stress, which is related t the amunt f H2O that naturally leaves the watershed r basin per year. The higher the stress r exit f water frm the basin means that there will be less water available fr ecsystems and fr peple’s demands, Huggins explains. The significance f the study can be f interest nt nly t water specialists and water cnservatrs but als t gvernment plicy-makers. Huggins stated that after mapping the mst high-risk freshwater surces and creating a framewrk t identify htspt basins, plicy makers will be able t priritize a specific lcatin.
Huggins shws that while the US scre highly in terms f scial adaptiveness based n the study’s freshwater stress factr, the cuntry has many freshwater cncerns that ges be-ynd between freshwater stress and freshwater strage. The states f Illinis and Ohi have the highest levels f lead (铅) pipes carrying water frm freshwater basins t residential husehlds. Meanwhile in Clrad, an estimate frm the Clrad Water Center predicts there will be a 20% t 30% less water f the Clrad River Basin by 2050.
12. Why did Huggins and his team examine the basins all ver the wrld?
A. T settle the shrtage f freshwater in the USA.
B. T figure ut the number f basins acrss the wrld.
C. T learn its pllutin f the recent years acrss the wrld.
D. T understand hw water availability is related with scial prcesses.
13. What des Huggins base his framewrk fr high-risk freshwater surces n?
A. Freshwater stress.B. Peple’s demands.
C. His team’s assumptin.D. Plicy makers’ requirements.
14. What can be inferred abut the freshwater in Illinis and Ohi?
A. The water pipes are t expensive.
B. The strage f freshwater decreases mst sharply.
C. The water carried t husehlds may be plluted by lead.
D. The cnsumptin f freshwater gives threats t fd security.
15. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. These Are the Mst Threatened Freshwater Reserves
B. The US Is Lsing Sme f Its Biggest Natural Reserves
C. Water Crisis: Planet’s Freshwater Reserves Are Seriusly Plluted
D. We Are Facing Terrible Water Shrtage n Sme Biggest Freshwater Reserves
第三部分 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Average Results frm a Student Survey
Student surveys prvide a lt f infrmatin that schl administratrs can learn frm. ____16____ The students’ attitude twards their prgrams and services can be measured by averaging the results frm the survey. Here’s hw t average these results.
____17____ The student survey must be purpseful and shuld acquire specific respnses frm students abut specific schl prgrams r services. If the survey is well designed t persuade hnest answers frm students, then the survey will achieve the best results.
After all the survey questinnaires have been filled and returned, the results can nw be tabulated (制成表格). ____18____ T get the average frm the student survey results, each answer must be added and the sum shuld be divided by the ttal number f student frms. This is the average number f respndents wh answered a certain way.
On a survey questin that prvides levels f satisfactin, respndents can answer with numeric values (数值), frm 1 t 10, accrding t hw satisfied they are. If five frms were given and returned values f 2, 2, 5, 5 and 3, the sum wuld be 17 and then dividing that by 5 will get yu an average satisfactin rating f 3.4. ____19____
____20____ In the abve satisfactin level survey, answer chices can be represented with a tick n “Yes” r “N”. Out f fifty students wh were given survey frms, abut 45 students answered “N”, rating 90 per cent, and the remaining 5 answered “Yes”, rating 10 percent.
Using numeric values is a simple way fr respndents t rate questins r statements and wuld be easier t average the results at the end f the survey.
A. Answer chices can be designed in many ways.
B. The gals fr cnducting a survey must be clear.
C. First f all, handut student survey questinnaires.
D. The average can als be expressed as a percentage.
E. Then an average fr each questin can be calculated.
F. It means students aren’t satisfied with the surveyed subject.
G. Schl managements can be imprved thrugh student feedback.
第四部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A friend f mine called me at 2 am. I usually wrked thrugh the ___21___, s I was awake. She was ___22___ sme prblems and wanted t talk t me abut them.
I was ___23___ with wrk, under a lt f pressure. ___24___ my wrk, I als had a lt n my mind. But I ___25___ t stp what I was ding, put it all ___26___ and talked t her. It did the trick because we managed t find sme kind f clarity t the ___27___ after the cnversatin.
I felt happy. I knw that smetimes what really cunts is knwing that when yu are ging thrugh a(n) ___28___ time, yu have a shulder t lean n.
I've ever been in situatins where I've had t ___29___ thrugh things by myself, with n supprt at all. Living like this makes yu very ___30___. But it als makes yu cynical(愤世嫉俗的), and leaves yu feeling like yu can nly depend n yurself.
I have had ___31___ frm peple at times, ttally ___32___ when I have really needed it. And I realise what a(n) ___33___ it can make, having smene t talk t.
I really hpe that I was able t give my friend supprt. Even thugh we did nt ___34___ the prblem, I hpe that I was able t ___35___ her f sme f the weight that she was carrying.
21. A. dayB. nightC. yearD. dusk
22. A. ging thrughB. backing upC. lining in withD. making up fr
23. A. equippedB. cntrastedC. prvidedD. verladed
24. A. GivenB. IncludingC. BesidesD. Withut
25. A. regrettedB. decidedC. hesitatedD. dedicated
26. A. n hldB. ut f cntrlC. at handD. within reach
27. A. prgramB. situatinC. lifeD. frtune
28. A. additinalB. frtunateC. tughD. great
29. A. seeB. putC. struggleD. depart
30. A. independentB. discuragingC. admirableD. reliable
31. A. resultB. advcateC. ignranceD. supprt
32. A. privatelyB. unexpectedlyC. rughlyD. unfairly
33. A. prpsalB. similarityC. differenceD. acknwledgement
34. A. slveB. benefitC. ruleD. keep
35. A. infrmB. relieveC. cnvinceD. remind
第五部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Career training cmes in all frms. As ____36____ imprtant part f career training, nline training has helped raise the skill levels f emplyees and make them better prepared fr the jb market. Gvernment departments have made a series f plicies t inspire wrkers t ____37____ (active) take part in nline career training. Befre April 18, 2020, 31 prvinces ____38____ (set) up websites fr nline training cmpanies. Besides, the Ministry f Human Resurces and Scial Security intended t wrk with sme netwrk cmpanies and intrduce digital curses cvering ____39____ (many) than 100 jbs.
In rder t encurage peple ____40____ (take) nline training, the ministry will prvide subsidies (补助金) fr the wrkers ____41____ receive nline training. Sme prvinces have cme up ____42____ a series f new measures s as t ensure the quality f nline career training.
It is imprtant t build interactive ____43____ (platfrm) fr nline training, such as filming curses in the wrkshp, s that peple can gain access t mre ____44____ (practice) skills. What’s mre, it’s als necessary t ____45____ (strength) the guidance f nline training cmpanies and set standards related t the cntent and duratin f the curses.
第六部分 书面表达（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，最近你校组织大家参观了你市举办的文化展览。请你写一篇报道，并分享在校英文网站上，内容包括：
1. 展览时间、地点；
2. 展览主题：中国书画；
3. 你的感悟。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An exhibitin f Chinese paintings and calligraphy
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第七部分 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had t cme n t UC Irvine’s campus t accmpany a friend t a meeting. In the parking lt, I gave him a smile card and explained my idea. We each were suppsed t make a stranger smile, pass n the card, and meet up t share the stry f what happened.
T cmplete it, we were in a shpping area f the campus surrunded by yung, smiling, mstly rich peple. “N wrries,” I said as I pulled ut my laptp t lk fr a wireless signal that we culd use t hunt fr ideas. The nly prblem was that there was n empty tables t sit at. Just then we sptted an lder man. He was sitting alne and enjying a drink and a cigarette.
“Excuse me, sir, d yu mind if we sit here?” I asked. “Nt at all,” respnded this fellw. I went inside t get a paper napkin t wipe ff the table, as my friend initiated cnversatin. We talked happily with the man. That’s when I tld him ur scheme and handed a smile card t him t. I tld him that spreading smile was my experiment in bridging the gap with what I see missing in s many places. It was an experiment in building mre cnnectivity and happiness in the wrld.
My friend thught that guy was ur mark. He insisted we shuld d it separately. He went ff t his meeting with a card, and I went ff t find my real tag. Then I fund a wman.
Middle-aged and verweight, she lked slightly depressed as she was eating her bxed Chinese lunch amng the yung and the beautiful. I went up with sme candies bught in a dessert shp nearby.
“Hell. Can I buy yu dessert tday?” I asked. “Why?” she asked, laughing with surprise. “I just wanted t make smene’s day tday and felt like it shuld be yu.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Oh, thank yu s much,” she said.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing her bad luck, I smiled and handed her the smile card.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#######################################################################################
【答案】1~5 BACCB 6~10 BCBCA 11~15 CAAAB 16~20 BAACC
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是几个未解的艺术之谜。
1. 细节理解题。根据Mystery 1: Wh Is the girl in Jhannes Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring?部分的“Arund 1665, Dutch artist Jhannes Vermeer painted a charming prtrait f a yung girl.(1665年左右，荷兰画家约翰内斯·维米尔画了一幅迷人的少女肖像。)”和Mystery 2: Where Is Raphael’s Prtrait f a Yung Man?部分的“Prtrait f a Yung Man is cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant pieces f art t g missing during Wrld War II.(《一个年轻人的肖像》被认为是二战期间失踪的最重要的艺术品之一。)”可知，Prtrait f a Yung Man和Girl with a Pearl Earring的共同点在于它们都是肖像。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据Mystery 3: Was Van Ggh Murdered?部分的“One f the main things peple knw abut Vincent van Ggh is that he cut ff his ear. That was likely because the Dutch pst-impressinist painter suffered frm mental illness, prbably severe depressin.(人们对文森特·梵高的主要了解之一就是他割下了自己的耳朵。这可能是因为这位荷兰后印象派画家患有精神疾病，可能是严重的抑郁症。)”可知，文森特·梵高可能患有精神疾病，故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Here are sme ther ntable unslved art mysteries that might be a little less familiar.(这里有一些其他可能不太熟悉的著名的未解艺术之谜。)”可知，本文是讲的未解的艺术之谜，所以艺术爱好者应该对这个节选感兴趣，故选A。
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了美国宇航局资深宇航员迈克尔·柯林斯，也是阿波罗11号机组的三名宇航员之一，与世长辞。文章讲述他如何成为一名宇航员并进行了著名的阿波罗11号载人登月任务。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 1962, Jhn Glenn became the first American t rbit the Earth. Glenn’s achievement was an inspiratin fr Cllins.(1962年，约翰·格里恩成为第一个绕地球飞行的美国人。格里恩的成就鼓舞了柯林斯)”可知，格里恩成为美国第一个绕地飞行的人的成就激励柯林斯。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的““I certainly had n childhd dream f flying t the mn r anywhere else, but the idea was extremely appealing.” Cllins wrte in his autbigraphy Carrying the Fire: An Astrnaut’s Jurneys.(柯林斯在他的自传《传播火种：一个宇航员的旅程》中写道：“我童年时当然没有飞到月球或其他任何地方的梦想，但这个想法非常有吸引力。”)”可知，柯林斯曾写过自传。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Of curse, Michael Cllins is best remembered fr his rle in Apll 11.( 当然，迈克尔·柯林斯最被人们铭记的是他在阿波罗11号中的角色)”以及第三段的第三句“They were the three explrers NASA had chsen fr the first missin that wuld ever put a man n the mn.(他们是美国国家航空航天局选择的第一次载人登月任务的三名探险者)”可知，柯林斯是因为参与了阿波罗11号登月的任务而被世人所牢记。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In 1962, Jhn Glenn became the first American t rbit the Earth. Glenn’s achievement was an inspiratin fr Cllins. “I certainly had n childhd dream f flying t the mn r anywhere else, but the idea was extremely appealing.” Cllins wrte in his autbigraphy Carrying the Fire: An Astrnaut’s Jurneys.( 1962年，约翰·格里恩成为第一个绕地球飞行的美国人。格里恩的成就鼓舞了柯林斯。柯林斯在他的自传《传播火种：一个宇航员的旅程》中写道：“我童年时当然没有飞到月球或其他任何地方的梦想，但这个想法非常有吸引力。”)”可知，正是因为格里恩的成就激励着柯林斯有了他飞向月球的梦想，因此柯林斯是一个很有远大抱负的人。故选A项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员发现，使用社交媒体会增加青少年患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The findings shwed 46 per cent f 16-year-lds and 36 per cent f 14-year-lds spent the same time cntacting friends via Snapchat, vide gaming, Instagram r TikTk as seeing then face-t-face.(调查结果显示，46%的16岁青少年和36%的14岁青少年通过Snapchat、视频游戏、Instagram或TikTk联系朋友的时间与面对面见面的时间相同。)”可知，在14岁的青少年中，36%的人在线上和线下与朋友相处的时间相同。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段的“digital devices such as mbile phnes have becme mre readily available t adlescents(像移动电话这样的数字设备对青少年来说已经变得更加容易获得)”可知，移动电话是用来和他人沟通和联系的，因此“The platfrms yung peple are using t cmmune”意为“年轻人用来交流的平台”，因此划线词cmmune的意思是“联系，连接”，和cnnect意思相近，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“A quarter f thse with autism said being nline made it easier t be themselves and almst half said being nline helped them feel better during difficult times.(四分之一的自闭症患者表示，上网让他们更容易成为他们自己，近一半的人表示，上网帮助他们在困难时期感觉更好。)”可知，四分之一的自闭症青少年认为网络连接让他们感到轻松。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Prviding yung peple with the skills t cmmunicate safely nline and deal with cyber-bullying is critical(为年轻人提供在线安全沟通和应对网络欺凌的技能至关重要)”可知，根据Dr Risec的说法，我们应该通过教他们在网上保护自己来帮助青少年，故选B。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是《自然》杂志上月发表的一项研究表明，美国一些最大的淡水储量正在出现缺水问题，地球上其他地方也明显存在缺水问题。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“These trends were acquired when the researchers examined 1,024 basins acrss the wrld with the gal f understanding hw water availability cuples with scial prcesses in the cmmunity.(研究人员调查了全球1024个盆地，目的是了解水资源可获得性与社区社会进程之间的关系。)”可知，哈金斯和他的团队要研究世界各地的盆地是为了了解水资源可得性与社会进程的关系。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Accrding t Huggins, the main factr they studied were freshwater stress, which is related t the amunt f H2O that naturally leaves the watershed r basin per year. The higher the stress r exit f water frm the basin means that there will be less water available fr ecsystems and fr peple’s demands, Huggins explains.(据哈金斯说，他们研究的主要因素是淡水压力，这与每年自然离开分水岭或盆地的水的数量有关。哈金斯解释说，从盆地流出的水的压力越高，就意味着生态系统和人类需求的可用水越少。)”可知，哈金斯的高危淡水资源框架是建立在淡水压力的基础之上的。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The states f Illinis and Ohi have the highest levels f lead (铅) pipes carrying water frm freshwater basins t residential husehlds.(伊利诺斯州和俄亥俄州从淡水盆地向居民家庭输送水的铅管含量最高。)”可知，伊利诺斯州和俄亥俄州的输送到家庭的水可能会被铅污染。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Water shrtage is ccurring in sme f the US’ biggest freshwater reserves and it is als evident in ther parts f the planet, accrding t a research study published in the jurnal Nature last mnth.(《自然》杂志(Nature)上月发表的一项研究表明，美国一些最大的淡水储量正在出现缺水问题，地球上其他地方也明显存在缺水问题。)”可知，本文主要讲的是美国一些最大的淡水储量正在出现缺水问题，地球上其他地方也明显存在缺水问题，因此最好的题目是D选项“We Are Facing Terrible Water Shrtage n Sme Biggest Freshwater Reserves(一些最大的淡水储备正面临严重的水资源短缺)”，故选D。
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何平均学生调查结果。
1. 空前说“Student surveys prvide a lt f infrmatin that schl administratrs can learn frm.(学生调查提供了许多学校管理者可以借鉴的信息。)”，空格处应说到这些信息对学校管理有什么好处，G选项“Schl managements can be imprved thrugh student feedback.(学生的反馈可以改善学校的管理。)”说明了从调查得来的信息的作用，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
2. 根据空后的“The student survey must be purpseful and shuld acquire specific respnses frm students abut specific schl prgrams r services.(学生调查必须是有目的的，应该获得学生对特定学校项目或服务的具体反应。)”可知，本段是要讲调查的目的，B选项“The gals fr cnducting a survey must be clear.(进行调查的目标必须明确。)”说明了要明确调查的目的，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选B。
3. 空前说“After all the survey questinnaires have been filled and returned, the results can nw be tabulated (制成表格).(在填写并返回所有调查问卷后，现在可以将结果制成表格。)”，空格处应该说下一步该干什么，E选项“Then an average fr each questin can be calculated.(然后可以计算出每个问题的平均值。)”说明在完成空前说的制成表格的下一步要做的事情，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
4. 空前说“If five frms were given and returned values f 2, 2, 5, 5 and 3, the sum wuld be 17 and then dividing that by 5 will get yu an average satisfactin rating f 3.4.(如果给出五种形式，返回值为2、2、5、5和3，那么总和将是17，然后除以5将得到平均满意度为3.4。)”，空格处应说这个结果意味着什么，F选项“It means students aren’t satisfied with the surveyed subject.(这意味着学生对调查对象不满意。)”说明了前面“平均满意度为3.4”这个结果的意义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
5. 根据空后的“In the abve satisfactin level survey, answer chices can be represented with a tick n “Yes” r “N”. Out f fifty students wh were given survey frms, abut 45 students answered “N”, rating 90 per cent, and the remaining 5 answered “Yes”, rating 10 percent.(在上述满意度调查中，选择的答案可在“是”或“否”上打勾。在收到调查表的50名学生中，45名学生回答“不”，占90%，其余5名学生回答“是”，占10%。)”，说明本段主要说的是可以用百分数来表示平均满意度，D选项“The average can als be expressed as a percentage.(平均值也可以用百分比表示。)”说明了用百分数来表示平均满意度，因此引起下文内容，符合语境，故选D。
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深夜和身处困境的朋友交谈，谈话结束后，她们对情况有了一些清晰的认识。这让作者认识到朋友的支持可以带来一些深刻的影响，减轻一些负担。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我通常工作到深夜，所以我醒着。A. day天；B. night夜晚；C. year年；D. dusk黄昏。根据上文“A friend f mine called me at 2 a.m.”可知，是工作到深夜所以能接到朋友的电话。故选B。
2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她正在经历一些困难，想和我谈谈。A. ging thrugh经历；B. backing up支持；C. lining in with友好相处；D. making up fr补偿。根据后文“sme prblems and wanted t talk t me abut them”可知，朋友正经历困难，故选A。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作负担过重，压力很大。A. equipped装备；B. cntrasted比较；C. prvided提供；D. verladed超载。根据后文“under a lt f pressure”可知作者的工作负担过重，故选D。
4. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了我的工作，我也有很多心事。A. Given鉴于；B. Including包含；C. Besides除……以外还；D. Withut没有。根据后文“my wrk, I als had a lt n my mind”可知，作者除了工作压力大，也有很多心事。应用besides。故选C。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我决定停下手头的工作，暂停一切，和她谈谈。A. regretted后悔；B. decided决定；C. hesitated犹豫；D. dedicated致力于。But表示转折，结合后文“t stp what I was ding”可知，作者决定停下手头的工作，暂停一切，和她谈谈。故选B。
6. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：但我决定停下手头的工作，暂停一切，和她谈谈。A. n hld暂停；B. ut f cntrl失控；C. at hand在手边；D. within reach伸手可及。呼应上文“t stp what I was ding”指暂停工作，故选A。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这招很管用，因为谈话结束后，我们对情况有了一些清晰的认识。A. prgram项目；B. situatin情况；C. life生活；D. frtune运气。根据上文“we managed t find sme kind f clarity t the”可知经过交谈，她们对情况有了一些清晰的认识。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道有时候真正重要的是当你经历艰难时刻的时候，你知道你有一个肩膀可以依靠。A. additinal附加的；B. frtunate幸运的；C. tugh艰难的；D. great棒的。呼应第一段“sme prblems and wanted t talk t me abut them”指经历艰难时刻，故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经遇到过这样的情况，我必须努力独自应对这些事情，没有任何支持。A. see看见；B. put放；C. struggle挣扎，努力；D. depart分开。根据后文“thrugh things by myself, with n supprt at all”可知，指必须努力独自应对这些事情，没有任何支持。故选C。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样的生活让你非常独立。A. independent独立的；B. discuraging令人沮丧的；C. admirable可敬的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“with n supprt at all”可知，没有任何支持意味着你会很独立。故选A。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有时会得到人们的支持，在我真正需要的时候，这是完全出乎意料的。A. result结果；B. advcate拥护；C. ignrance无知；D. supprt支持。呼应后文“I really hpe that I was able t give my friend supprt.”指得到朋友的支持。故选D。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我有时会得到人们的支持，在我真正需要的时候，这是完全出乎意料的。A. privately私人地；B. unexpectedly意外地；C. rughly大概地；D. unfairly不公平地。根据后文“when I have really needed it”可知，在需要支持的时候就能得到支持，这让作者很意外。故选B。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，有个人可以聊天，会带来多大的影响。A. prpsal提议；B. similarity相似性；C. difference差异、影响；D. acknwledgement承认。根据后文“it can make, having smene t talk t”可知为短语make a difference表示“有影响”。故选C。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有解决这个问题，但我希望我能减轻她的一些负担。A. slve解决；B. benefit受益于；C. rule管理；D. keep保持。根据宾语the prblem指解决问题，应用slve。故选A。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有解决这个问题，但我希望我能减轻她的一些负担。A. infrm通知；B. relieve减轻；C. cnvince说服；D. remind提醒。根据后文“her f sme f the weight that she was carrying”可知朋友的支持可以减轻一些负担。故选B。
【答案】36. an 37. actively 38. had set 39. mre 40. t take 41. wh/that 42. with 43. platfrms 44. practical 45. strengthen
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是职业培训的好处和形式，以及国家为了鼓励人们参加在线培训所作的努力。
1. 考查冠词。句意：作为职业培训的重要组成部分，在线培训有助于提高员工的技能水平，使他们更好地为就业市场做好准备。part是可数名词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，imprtant是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
2. 考查副词。句意：政府部门已经制定了一系列政策，鼓励员工积极参加在线职业培训。空格处用副词actively修饰动词短语take part in，actively意为“积极地”，故填actively。
3. 考查时态。句意：截至2020年4月18日，全国已有31个省份为在线培训公司建立网站。根据Befre April 18, 2020可知，句子时态用过去完成时，表示一个在过去的过去完成的动作，故填had set。
4. 考查比较级。句意：此外，人力资源和社会保障部打算与一些网络公司合作，推出覆盖100多个岗位的数字课程。由than可知，空格处用比较级mre。故填mre。
5. 考查不定式。句意：为了鼓励人们参加在线培训，工信部将为接受在线培训的工人提供补贴。encurage sb. t d意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填t take。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：为了鼓励人们参加在线培训，工信部将为接受在线培训的工人提供补贴。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词wrkers是人，因此空格处用关系代词wh/that。故填wh/that。
7. 考查固定短语。句意：一些省份已经出台了一系列新措施，以确保在线职业培训的质量。cme up with是固定短语，意为“提出”，故填with。
8. 考查名词的复数。句意：建立在线培训的互动平台很重要，比如在工作坊中提供拍摄课程，让人们获得更多实用技能。platfrm是可数名词，此处表示不止一个平台，因此空格处用复数platfrms，故填platfrms。
9. 考查形容词。句意：建立在线培训的互动平台很重要，比如在工作坊中提供拍摄课程，让人们获得更多实用技能。空格处用形容词practical作定语，修饰名词skills，practical意为“实用的”，故填practical。
10. 考查不定式。句意：此外，还需要加强网络培训公司的指导，对课程的内容和时长制定标准。it’s necessary t d是固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，strength的动词是strengthen，意为“加强”，故填strengthen。
【答案】参考范文：
An exhibitin f Chinese paintings and calligraphy
Recently, ur schl rganized us t visit a city cultural exhibitin. The exhibitin was held n Friday afternn and lasted tw hurs in the city cultural hall.
The exhibitin whse theme was “Chinese painting and calligraphy” attracted many masters and amateurs at hme and abrad. Many artwrks including Chinese handwriting and landscape painting frm ancient and mdern times were n shw. The hst explained every artwrk n the spt.
The exhibitin left a deep impressin n me. In my pinin, it nt nly prmted the inheritance f Chinese traditinal culture but als strengthened ur natinal pride as well.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于报道，要求考生写一篇关于你校组织大家参观了你市举办的文化展览的报道，并分享在校英文网站上。
1. 词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
展览：exhibitin→display
现场：n the spt→n the scene
在我看来：in my pinin→as far as I am cncerned
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Recently, ur schl rganized us t visit a city cultural exhibitin. The exhibitin was held n Friday afternn and lasted tw hurs in the city cultural hall.
拓展句：Recently, ur schl rganized us t visit a city cultural exhibitin which was held n Friday afternn and lasted tw hurs in the city cultural hall.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] The exhibitin whse theme was “Chinese painting and calligraphy” attracted many masters and amateurs at hme and abrad. (运用了whse引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In my pinin, it nt nly prmted the inheritance f Chinese traditinal culture but als strengthened ur natinal pride as well. (运用了nt als引导的并列句)
【答案】
“Oh, thank yu s much,” she said. Her laughter changed frm surprised t pleased and grateful. “It culdn’t have cme at a better time. I was having such a bad day. I had my wallet stlen when ging t wrk in the mrning. Wrse still, I made a big mistake in my jb, which made me fined $100 fr that.” Pausing fr a while, she cntinued, “But yur act f kindness spirits me up, and I feel better nw.”
Hearing her bad luck, I smiled and handed her the smile card. “What’s this? ”she asked. After I explained t her what the smile card was, she cried with jy. “Oh, it is a great idea! Can I d smething fr smene else t? I am sure that there is smene wh is suffering tugh thing like me! Thank yu s much. I hpe yu have a fantastic day,” she said her farewell and I waited fr my friend t return and shared ur stries.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去加州大学欧文分校陪一个朋友参加一个会议，在停车场，作者给了他一张微笑卡片，并解释了自己想让陌生人微笑的想法。于是他们来到购物区，遇到了一个沮丧的妇女，作者提出请她吃甜点，妇女受到了善举的鼓舞，决定也做同样的事情。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘哦，非常感谢，’她说”可知，第一段可描写妇女描述自己糟糕的经历。
②由第二段首句内容“听到她运气不好，我笑了，把微笑卡片递给她。”可知，第二段可描写妇女收到微笑卡后的反应。
2. 续写线索：感谢——讲述——受鼓舞——给微笑卡——感动
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①鼓舞：spirit up/lift up
②递给：hand/ pass n
③返回：return / g back
情绪类
①高兴：pleased / glad
②感谢：grateful / thankful
【点睛】
[高分句型1] I had my wallet stlen when ging t wrk in the mrning. (运用了状语从句的省略)
[高分句型2] Wrse still, I made a big mistake in my jb, which made me fined $100 fr that. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)