四川省成都市新都区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末测试英语试题含解析

这是一份四川省成都市新都区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末测试英语试题含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了 答非选择题时，必须使用0， 考试结束后，只将答题卡交回，15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。第I卷（选择题）1至8页，第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）9-10页，全卷共10页；满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4、所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5. 考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
第I卷（满分100分）
第一部分 考试听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有1秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案：C。
1. Where shuld the by lk?
A. In the ty bx. B. In the drawers. C. On the cunter.
2. What des the wman think f the table?
A. It is nt very ld. B. It is very valuable. C. It is well kept.
3. Hw much will the wman pay in ttal?
A. $400. B. $200. C. $125.
4. What is the man prbably wrried abut?
A. Having t pay fr the shirt.
B. Talking t the salesman.
C. Letting smene think they were stealing.
5. What will the speakers prbably d tnight?
A. Watch a game. B. Eat at a restaurant. C. G shpping.
第二节（15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers discussing?
A. When t watch the mvie. B. Hw t watch the mvie. C. Where t watch the mvie.
7. What d we knw abut the mvie?
A. It is an English film.
B. It is a freign film t the speakers.
C. It is an award-winning film.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why des the flr need cleaning?
A. A dg made a mess. B. Jack played ftball. C. The wman spilled sup.
9. Where is the smell cming frm?
A. The sup. B. The flwers. C. The flr cleaner.
10. Wh is the man prbably talking with?
A. His secretary. B. His gardener. C. His wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What did the man just get?
A. A ring. B. A plane ticket. C. An electrnic device.
12. Where wuld the wman prbably like t get married?
A. On an island. B. In her hmetwn. C. In a nice freign cuntry.
13. When des the wman hpe t be married?
A. Next spring. B. Next summer. C. Next winter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. When was the last time the speakers saw each ther?
A. Ten years ag. B. Five years ag. C. Three years ag.
15. What is different abut the man?
A. He has a beard. B. He grws his hair lng. C. He gains sme weight.
16. What d we knw abut the wman?
A. She is pregnant. B. She has children. C. She will get married.
17. Why did the man mve int a new place?
A. His previus apartment was t ld.
B. His previus apartment was t small.
C. His previus apartment was t expensive.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Which part f France did the skier g t?
A. The nrth. B. The east. C. The suth.
19. Which sprt will the class study first?
A. Track and field. B. Swimming. C. Skiing.
20. What shuld students d if their sprt isn’t mentined?
A. Send a nte t the teacher. B. Learn abut it n their wn. C. Tell the teacher at the end f the class.
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
Stries Behind Famus Cmpany Names
1. Which cmpany name has a clse relatinship with literature?
A. Pepsi.B. Cadillac.
C. Starbucks.D. Rlex.
2. Which f the fllwing statements is True?
A. Caleb Bradham aimed t cure dyspepsia with Pepsi.
B. Hans Wilsdrf intended Rlex t be universally accepted.
C. Cadillac was named after the funding father f the cmpany.
D. Starbucks was used due t the c-funder’s lve fr his hmetwn.
3. Frm the passage, we can learn that ______.
A. a famus cmpany name is easy t spell
B. a special stry can make a cmpany famus
C. a cmpany name usually has a special meaning in it
D. a cmpany name is related t the funder’s prfessin
In British Bristl, 70 English wmen at nce entered int legal “marriage” with dzens f trees in prtest (反对，抗议) against their being cut dwn. They “married” the trees in an attempt (试图) t prevent them frm being cleared fr cnstructin (建造) f residential buildings wrth £55 millin in the frest. The British cnstructin cmpany has applied fr the cnstructin f 166 huses in Bristl, including luxury (奢华的) cttages. At the same time, the twnspeple were especially angry at the fact that the applicatin did nt shw the exact number f trees that are planned t be cut dwn. S, in rder t attract the attentin f the gvernment, the activists rganized an unusual wedding ceremny t save the frest.
The event tk place at a park n Spike Island. The wmen wh went there, dressed in wedding dresses, held phtgraphs f the “suitrs” in their hands. The celebratin itself tk place accrding t the classic stryline — with grmsmen and wedding vws (誓词). The rganizer was Jhn Tarletn, a prfessr at the Bristl Veterinary Schl. Accrding t him, this actin was suppsed t suggest that tees are partners f peple thrughut their life.
The idea t hld such a ceremny came frm Sibhan Kierans, wh admitted that she came up with it by the stry f wmen frm the envirnmental mvement Chipk, wh chained (链在一起) themselves t trees in the 1970s t save them frm destructin by lgging cmpanies.
The prtesters said that Bristl needs trees mre than luxury private husing. One f the “brides”, Suzan Hackett, said, “T get married t a tree is a real hnr. It's nt a shw. It's highly significant (imprtant) and symblic.”
4. Why did the wmen marry trees?
A. T prtect the trees frm ging extinct (dying ut).
B. T appeal t (呼吁) peple t plant mre trees.
C. T draw the gvernment's attentin t save the frest.
D. T blame the cmpany fr damaging trees.
5. What des the underlined wrd “suitrs” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The men t marry.B. The cmpanies t build huses.
C. The buildings t be pulled dwn.D. The trees t be saved.
6. What inspired Sibhan Kierans t create such an event?
A. A previus (以前的) envirnmental campaign.
B. Cruel behavir f lgging cmpanies.
C. Mvements f wmen fighting fr rights.
D. Wmen chained t trees fr their faults.
7. What des Suzan Hackett think f the event?
A. Interesting.B. Meaningful.
C. Pineering.D. Emtinal.
Whether in the hme r the wrkplace, scial rbts are ging t becme a lt mre cmmn in the next few years. Scial rbts are abut t bring technlgy t the everyday wrld in a mre humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the rbt cmpany Jib.
While husehld rbts tday d the nrmal husewrk, scial rbts will be much mre like cmpanins than mere tls. Fr example, these rbts will be able t distinguish when smene is happy r sad. This allws them t respnd mre apprpriately t the user.
The Jib rbt, arranged t ship later this year, is designed t be a persnalized assistant. Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it t perfrm different tasks. The rbt desn’t just deliver general answers t questins; it respnds based n what it learns abut each individual in the husehld. It can d things such as reminding an elderly family member t take medicine r taking family phts.
Scial rbts are nt just finding their way int the hme. They have ptential applicatins in everything frm educatin t health care and are already finding their way int sme f these spaces.
Fellw Rbts is ne cmpany bringing scial rbts t the market. The cmpany’s “Oshbt” rbt is built t assist custmers in a stre, which can help the custmers find items and help guide them t the prduct’s lcatin in the stre. It can als speak different languages and make recmmendatins fr different items based n what the custmer is shpping fr.
The mre interactin the rbt has with humans, the mre it learns. But Oshbt, like ther scial rbts, is nt intended t replace wrkers, but t wrk alngside ther emplyees. “We have technlgies t train scial rbts t d things nt fr us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
8. Hw are scial rbts different frm husehld rbts?
A. They can cntrl their emtins.
B. They are mre like humans.
C. They d the nrmal husewrk.
D. They respnd t users mre slwly.
9. What can a Jib rbt d accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. Cmmunicate with yu and perfrm peratins.
B. Answer yur questins and make requests.
C. Take yur family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey yur rders and remind yu t take pills.
10. We can learn frm the last paragraph that scial rbts will ______.
A. train emplyees
B. be ur wrkmates
C. imprve technlgies
D. take the place f wrkers
11. What des the passage mainly present?
A. A new design idea f husehld rbts.
B. Marketing strategies fr scial rbts.
C. Infrmatin n husehld rbts.
D. An intrductin t scial rbts.
Anyne watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China ver the last few days has seen man-made snw. Since the area gets little natural snw, the Winter Olympics tk place n almst 100% man-made snw fr the first time. This year’s Winter Olympics were held in Beijing, China, and in tw areas nrthwest f Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiaku. The areas get cld in the winter, but they dn’t get a lt f snw. That’s because they’re nt far frm the Gbi Desert, and are generally very dry.
China tk water frm a reservir (水库) which helped supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it t a nearby river. T carry the water t the muntains fr making snw, China ran miles and miles f pipes. China says making the snw tk abut 49,000 gallns ( 185,500 liters ) f water. China hired a cmpany called TechnAlpin t create the snw. TechnAlpin created man-made snw at several earlier Winter Olympics. Fr the snw in this year’s Olympics, TechnAlpin laid ver 40 miles ( 64 kilmeters ) f pipes and brught in hundreds f snw-making machines. With all equipment, making the snw fr this year’s Games tk seven weeks.
Man-made snw isn’t the same as natural snw, which has mre air and less water. Still, the advanced machines can make several different kinds f snw depending n what’s needed fr each sprt. China says that the snw at this year’s Winter Olympics was prduced by using wind and slar energy.
Man-made snw was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because f warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyengChang, Suth Krea, apprximately 90% f the snw was als made by machine.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The classificatin f skiing.B. The necessity f creating artificial snw.
C. The significance f the Olympics.D. The characteristics f the Gbi Desert.
13. What is needed fr transprting water?
A. Reservirs.B. Machines.C. Equipment.D. Pipes.
14. What can we infer abut man-made snw?
A. Its types vary in every sprt.
B. It has n difference frm natural snw.
C. It became uncmmn in winter sprts events.
D. It can’t be made in envirnment-friendly ways.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Dry CnditinsB. Snw-making Methds
C. The Artificial SnwD. China’s Winter Olympics
第三部分 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Be a gd turist
Turism can be gd r bad. Yes, it brings in mney fr the lcal ecnmy and creates lts f jbs fr lcals, but it may als bring sme prblems.
_____16_____ Turists have used paint, rcks r even keys t write n the Luxr Temple in Egypt, the Clsseum in Rme, Stnehenge in the UK, memrial stnes at the bttm f Qmlangma, and many, many ther places. Thusands f turist sites are being destryed by turists wh “lve them t death”. _____17_____ If yu want t leave a mark n the wrld, d it by changing smene’s life with kindness and lve. Pass kindness alng t future generatins, nt destructin.
Anther big prblem in sme places has been turists disturbing the lcal peple and life. _____18_____ Fr example, Chang Mai University in Thailand and Ynsei University in Suth Krea have great numbers f turists visiting their campuses and walking thrugh their libraries and ther public areas, taking pictures f students and disturbing their studies. I have three wrds fr turists like this: please be cnsiderate. _____19_____
The number f prblems frm turists is endless: walking in large grups withut cnsidering thers wh need t walk by, crssing rads withut bserving lcal traffic laws, and many mre. The nly way t slve the issue f the terrible turist is t make sure that yu nt the ne! _____20_____
Remember, whenever yu step utside yur cuntry’s brders, yu are representing yur cuntry t the rest f the wrld.
A. Just think frm ther aspects.
B. When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.
C. Have fun in a way that des nt disturb thers.
D. Be the best, kindest, mst plite turist pssible.
E. I have three wrds fr peple like this: please stp it.
F. One grwing prblem is turists wh want t prve that they have visited smeplace.
G. Sme turists wander arund and take pictures f lcal peple withut asking fr their permissin.
第四部分 完型填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑（满分30分，共20小题，每小题1.5分）
I was a yung newspaper reprter, and I wanted t succeed. My first ____21____ was in Latin America. It was almst my last jb. I had nt planned t stay in the village f Zacate, ____22____ it had been raining hard fr a whle day. S I had t stay there.
I fund peple there full f ____23____. This village was at the ft f a vlcan (火山). It was becming mre ____24____. Men, wmen and children came t the square. A few ____25____ each ther and went ut f twn t get as far away frm the vlcan as pssible, with large and full ____26____ in their hands. Suddenly, I felt a strng ____27____. The villagers in the square ran away as ____28____ as they felt the earthquake.
At the right time, I saw black smke ____29____ dwn the side f the muntain twards the village. Trees and grass burned up in a secnd. The vlcan eruptin was cming s _____30_____ that in less than a minute the rads t the villages were _____31_____. All I culd d was watching and _____32_____. Suddenly, my landlrd (房东) cried ut, “Lk!” He _____33_____ t a small hill. The lava (岩浆) was nt cming ver it but _____34_____ n each side f the village, _____35_____ the village center undamaged. Luckily, fr a time, at least, we were _____36_____.
My landlrd gave me a _____37_____ blanket t cver myself t avid the _____38_____ and we pured water ver ur heads t cl urselves. We culd hardly breathe because f the heat and the _____39_____ f the burning huses. Thanks _____40_____ my landlrd, I survived the vlcan.
21. A. friendB. jbC. tripD. shpping
22. A. sB. ifC. rD. but
23. A. happinessB. fearC. decisinD. pwer
24. A. cmfrtableB. weakC. activeD. calm
25. A. helpedB. sawC. caughtD. fund
26. A. flwersB. umbrellasC. bksD. packs
27. A. fldB. earthquakeC. cldD. fire
28. A. fastB. quicklyC. snD. quietly
29. A. rllingB. disappearingC. lyingD. settling
30. A. graduallyB. frequentlyC. strnglyD. hardly
31. A. put ffB. cut ffC. built upD. fixed up
32. A. waitingB. shutingC. cmplainingD. crying
33. A. returnedB. addedC. gtD. pinted
34. A. recveringB. restingC. seekingD. flwing
35. A. leavingB. makingC. lettingD. getting
36. A. dangerusB. warmC. safeD. healthy
37. A. dryB. newC. smallD. wet
38. A. lightB. heatC. fearD. cldness
39. A. smkeB. smellC. sightD. sund
40. A. frB. fC. tD. with
第Ⅱ卷（50分）
注意事项：用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第五部分 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Friday, dctrs at the University f Maryland Medical Center successfully replaced ____41____ heart f a very sick man with a specially-grwn pig’s heart. It is the first time that dctrs ____42____ (d) this surgery by nw. After three days, the patient appears t be ding very well. Dr. Bartley Griffith wh is the first surgen ____43____ (perfrm) the peratin, said this had never been dne befre. David Bennett, 57, is the man ffered the heart. He was given special ____44____ (permit) t have the unusual peratin because withut it, he wuld have died.
Transplants (移植) usually cme frm peple wh have died, but want ____45____ (they) rgans t be used t help ther peple live. There are far ____46____ (large) numbers f patients wh need rgans than thse f rgans. Over 3,800 Americans gt heart transplants last year. But there are ____47____ (rugh) 110,000 peple wh are waiting fr sme kind f transplant. Fr years, scientists have tried t figure ut ____48____ they transplant rgans frm ther animals int humans. This is hard because the human bdy almst always rejects smething that isn’t its wn.
Muhammad is ne f the ____49____ (dctr) wh helped perfrm the surgery. He’s been wrking t develp methds t help prevent pig rgans _____50_____ being rejected in humans. Dctrs are watching Mr. Bennett’s recvery.
第六部分 单词拼写
（共10空，共10分，每题1分。）答题卡上请写出完整单词。
51. The pr man made a big ________ (财富) by selling ld things.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52. Watching vilence n TV makes sme children mre ________ (好斗的). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53. Nwadays bicycles are becming an ______(可替代的) means f private cars. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54. The Internet makes it c______ fr us t shp nline in the cmfrt f ur hme. （根据首字母单词拼写）
55. If yur right hand is busy greeting smene, it cannt be hlding a w________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
56. He went t an art schl t study painting and s________ (雕塑).（根据中英文提示填空）
57. The central gvernment is sparing n effrt t help peple ut f p________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
58. The 1987 hurricane was the wrst natural d________ t hit England fr decades. (根据首字母单词拼写)
59. It’s necessary fr us t knw ur wn s________ and weaknesses. (根据首字母单词拼写)
60. Our schl cnsiders it a duty t prepare students t make_______(贡献) t sciety.
第七部分 书面表达
61. 假设你是李华，你校英文校报计划举行“妥善处理口罩，共创卫生校园”的活动，正在针对该活动征集倡议信。请你写一封倡议信投稿。内容包括：
1. 乱扔口罩的现象；
2. 乱扔口罩的危害及应对措施；
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】这是说明文。文章主要介绍了4所著名公司名字背后的故事。
1. 细节理解题。由Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him t think f Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famus nvel, Mby Dick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。由此可见Starbuck的名字和文学作品有关。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
2. 细节理解题。由Rlex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy t say, wrked in different languages, and lked gd n the watches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，Hans Wilsdrf想要的名字应该是让人容易说，不同语言也可以表示它，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
3. 推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi介绍中的最后一句“He claimed the drink culd help with digestin(消化), r dyspepsia, the term frm which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.”，表示的是他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语Bradham改编了这个名字Pepsi。Cadillac介绍中的最后一句“The cmpany was named after the French explrer Antine Laumet de la Mthe Cadillac, wh funded the city f Detrit in 1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险家Antnie Laumet De La Mthe Cadillac命名的，这位探险家在1701年发现了底特律市。Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him t think f Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famus nvel, Mby Dick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。Rlex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy t say, wrked in different languages, and lked gd n the watches.”表示的是他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。在英国布里斯托尔，70名英国妇女与数十棵树结成合法的“婚姻”，以抗议树木被砍伐。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“S, in rder t attract the attentin f the gvernment, the activists rganized an unusual wedding ceremny t save the frest.（因此，为了吸引政府的注意，活动家们组织了一个不寻常的婚礼来拯救森林。）”可知，妇女要嫁给树的原因是提醒当局注意拯救森林。故选C。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“In British Bristl, 70 English wmen at nce entered int legal “marriage” with dzens f trees in prtest against their being cut dwn.（在英国布里斯托尔，70名英国妇女立即与数十棵树结成合法的“婚姻”，以抗议树木被砍伐。）”中女性与树结婚以及划线词前文“The wmen wh went there, dressed in wedding dresses, held phtgraphs f（那些穿着结婚礼服的女人们手里拿着照片…）”可知，婚礼现场新娘拿着的应该是“新郎”，即树，的照片。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The idea t hld such a ceremny came frm Sibhan Kierans, wh admitted that she came up with it by the stry f wmen frm the envirnmental mvement Chipk, wh chained themselves t trees in the 1970s t save them frm destructin by lgging cmpanies.（举行这样一个仪式的想法来自Sibhan Kierans，她承认她是通过环保运动Chipk的妇女们的故事想出来的，她们在20世纪70年代把自己锁在树上，以免被伐木公司毁坏。）”可知，正是之前的一个环保运动启发Sibhan Kierans创造了这样一个活动。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“One f the “brides”, Suzan Hackett, said, “T get married t a tree is a real hnr. It's nt a shw. It's highly significant and symblic.”（其中一位“新娘”Suzan Hackett说：“和一棵树结婚是一种真正的荣耀。这不是演出。这是非常重要和具有象征意义的。”）”中的significant and symblic可知，Suzan认为这项活动很有意义。故选B。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。
1. 细节理解题。根据文中第二段While husehld rbts tday d the nrmal husewrk, scial rbts will be much mre like cmpanins than mere tls. Fr example, these rbts will be able t distinguish when smene is happy r sad. This allws them t respnd mre apprpriately t the user.可知，社会机器人更像人，比如这些机器人被设计能够分辨人的心情是高兴还是悲伤。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it t perfrm different tasks.和It can d things such as reminding an elderly family member t take medicine r taking family phts.可知，此机器人可以听您的指令，提醒家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal的话“We have technlgies t train scial rbts t d things nt fr us, but with us”可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。选D。
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是北京冬奥运赛场的人造雪的制造方法。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Since the area gets little natural snw, the Winter Olympics tk place n almst 100% man-made snw fr the first time.(由于该地区几乎没有天然雪，冬奥会首次几乎100%是在人造雪上举行的。)”和“The areas get cld in the winter, but they dn’t get a lt f snw. That’s because they’re nt far frm the Gbi Desert, and are generally very dry.(这个地区在冬天很冷，但是他们没有很多雪。这是因为它们离戈壁沙漠不远，而且通常都非常干燥。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是人造雪的必要性。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“T carry the water t the muntains fr making snw, China ran miles and miles f pipes.(为了把水运到山上用来造雪，中国铺设了数英里长的管道。)”可知，运输水需要管道，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Still, the advanced machines can make several different kinds f snw depending n what’s needed fr each sprt.(尽管如此，这些先进的机器可以根据每种运动的需要制造几种不同的雪。)”可知，人造雪的类型在每种运动中都不同。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Anyne watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China ver the last few days has seen man-made snw. Since the area gets little natural snw, the Winter Olympics tk place n almst 100% man-made snw fr the first time.(在过去的几天里，在中国北京观看冬奥会的人都看到了人造雪。由于该地区几乎没有天然雪，冬奥会首次几乎100%是在人造雪上举行的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是北京冬奥会的赛场几乎100%采用人造雪以及人造雪的制造方法，因此最恰当的题目是C选项“The Artificial Snw(人造雪)”，故选C。
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. C 20. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出了游客在景区的一些不文明的行为，并呼吁我们要杜绝这些行为，尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。
1. 根据下文“Turists have used paint, rcks r even keys t write n the Luxr Temple in Egypt, the Clsseum in Rme, Stnehenge in the UK, memrial stnes at the bttm f Qmlangma, and many, many ther places.”（游客们在埃及卢克索神庙、罗马竞技场、英国巨石阵、珠穆朗玛峰底部的纪念石以及许多其他地方用颜料、石头甚至钥匙刻字。）可知，这段主要讲的是游客给景区造成的问题。F项One grwing prblem is turists wh want t prve that they have visited smeplace.（一个日益严重的问题是游客们想证明他们去过某个地方。）能够引起下文，正是因为想证明去过这些地方，才在上面刻字，故选F。
2. 根据下文“If yu want t leave a mark n the wrld, d it by changing smene’s life with kindness and lve. Pass kindness alng t future generatins, nt destructin.”（如果你想在这个世界上留下印记，那就用善良和爱去改变别人的生活。把仁慈传给后代，而不是毁灭。）可知，这里作者对游客刻字的行为表示否定，认为应该停止这种行为。E项I have three wrds fr peple like this: please stp it.（我对这样的人想说三个字：请停止。）能够引起下文，表达了作者对游客在景点刻字的行为的否定态度，故选E。
3. 根据下文“Chang Mai University in Thailand and Ynsei University in Suth Krea have great numbers f turists visiting their campuses and walking thrugh their libraries and ther public areas, taking pictures f students and disturbing their studies.”（泰国清迈大学和韩国延世大学有大量游客参观他们的校园，穿过他们的图书馆和其他公共区域，给学生拍照，扰乱他们的学习。）可知，这里讲述的是游客带来的另外一个问题，他们打扰了本地人正常的生活。G项Sme turists wander arund and take pictures f lcal peple withut asking fr their permissin.（一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照。）能够引起下文，下文正是对这种不文明行为的举例，故选G。
4. 根据上文可知，本段主要讲的是一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照的行为。根据空格前句子“I have three wrds fr turists like this: please be cnsiderate.”（我对这样的游客想说三个字：请体谅。）可知，作者不希望游客打扰到本地人的正常生活。C项Have fun in a way that des nt disturb thers.（以不打扰他人的方式享受乐趣。）符合段落主旨及作者的观点态度，故选C。
5. 根据空格前句子“The nly way t slve the issue f the terrible turist is t make sure that yu nt the ne!”（解决可怕的游客问题的唯一办法就是确保你不是其中之一。）可知，接下来作者应该讲述我们应该成为什么样的游客。D项Be the best, kindest, mst plite turist pssible.（尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。）能够承接上文，不要做行为可怕的游客，要做善良的、有礼貌的游客，故选D。
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名记者在拉丁美洲经历了一场火山爆发，最后幸存下来的故事。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一份工作在拉丁美洲。A. friend朋友；B. jb工作；C. trip旅行；D. shpping购物。根据下文“It was almst my last jb.”可推知，此处指这是作者的第一份工作，也几乎是最后一份工作。故选B项。
2. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我本不打算呆在Zacate村庄，但是大雨下了一整天。A. s所以；B. if如果；C. r否则；D. but但是。通过上文“I had nt planned t stay in the village”可推知，作者没打算停留，下文“I had t stay there”说明，作者因为下雨而不得不停留，前后具有明显的转折含义，应该使用表示转折含义的连词“but”。故选D项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现那里的人们充满恐惧。A. happiness开心；B. fear恐惧；C. decisin决策；D. pwer力量。根据下文“went ut f twn t get as far away frm the vlcan as pssible”可推知，此处指人们充满了恐惧，十分害怕，所以才尽可能远离火山。故选B项。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火山开始变得越来越活跃。A. cmfrtable舒服的；B. weak虚弱的；C. active活跃的；D. calm冷静的。根据下文“Men, wmen and children came t the square.”以及“went ut f twn t get as far away frm the vlcan as pssible”可推知，此处指火山越来越活跃，快要爆发了。故选C项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们互相帮助，带着满满一大包的东西，出城尽可能远离火山。A. helped帮助；B. saw看见；C. caught接住；D. fund建立。根据下文“each ther and went ut f twn t get as far away frm the vlcan as pssible, with large and full ________ in their hands”可推知，此处指人们互相帮助，拿着东西，尽可能地远离火山。故选A项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们互相帮助，带着满满一大包的东西，出城尽可能远离火山。A. flwers鲜花；B. umbrellas伞；C. bks书本；D. packs包裹。根据上文“went ut f twn t get as far away frm the vlcan as pssible, with large and full”以及下文“in their hands”可推知，此处指人们要带着包裹离开镇上，远离火山。故选D项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我感觉到一阵剧烈的地震。A. fld洪水；B. earthquake地震；C. cld寒冷；D. fire火。根据下文“they felt the earthquake”可推知，此处指作者感觉到了地震。故选B项。
8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：广场上的村民一感觉到地震就逃跑了。A. fast快速地；B. quickly迅速地；C. sn马上、不久；D. quietly安静地。根据上文“ran away”以及下文“they felt the earthquake”可推知，此处指村民感觉到了地震后马上逃跑了。固定搭配“as sn as”意为“立刻、一……就……”。故选C项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我看到黑烟沿着山的一侧朝村庄滚滚而来。A. rlling翻滚；B. disappearing消失；C. lying躺着；D. settling安置。根据下文“The vlcan eruptin was cming”可推知，此处指火山喷发了，冒出来的黑烟从山上朝山下村庄滚滚而来。故选A项。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：火山爆发来得如此猛烈，不到一分钟，通往村庄的道路就被切断了。A. gradually慢慢地；B. frequently频繁地；C. strngly强烈地；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“Trees and grass burned up in a secnd.”以及下文“in less than a minute”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得相当猛烈。故选C项。
11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：火山爆发来得如此猛烈，不到一分钟，通往村庄的道路就被切断了。A. put ff推迟；B. cut ff切断；C. built up建立；D. fixed up解决。根据上文“The vlcan eruptin was cming s strngly that in less than a minute the rads”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得极其猛烈，导致村庄的道路被切断了。故选B项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所能做的就是看着和等待。A. waiting等待；B. shuting叫喊；C. cmplaining抱怨；D. crying哭泣。根据上文“the rads t the villages were cut ff. All I culd d was watching”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得相当猛烈，村庄的道路被切断了，而作者无能为力，只能看着，等待火山喷发结束。故选A项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他指向一座小山。A. returned返回；B. added增加；C. gt得到；D. pinted指着。根据上文“cried ut, “Lk!””以及下文“t a small hill”可推知，房东大喊，应该是指着小山，让作者他们看向那里。固定搭配“pint t”意为“指向”。故选D项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：岩浆并没有向这里流过来，而是向村子两侧流去，村子的中心没有被损坏。A. recvering恢复；B. resting休息；C. seeking寻找；D. flwing流动。根据上文“nt cming ver it but”以及下文“n each side f the village”可推知，此处指岩浆并没有朝作者他们流过去，而是向村子的两侧流去。故选D项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：岩浆并没有向这里流过来，而是向村子两侧流去，村子的中心没有被损坏。A. leaving留下、离开；B. making制作；C. letting允许；D. getting收到。根据上文“The lava was nt cming ver it but flwing n each side f the village”以及下文“the village center undamaged”可推知，此处指岩浆向村子的两侧流去，留下了未被损坏的村庄中心。故选A项。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，至少有一段时间，我们是安全的。A. dangerus危险的；B. warm温暖的；C. safe安全的；D. healthy健康的。通过上文“leaving the village center undamaged. Luckily, fr a time”可推知，此处指村庄中心未被破坏，所以作者他们至少有一段时间是安全的。故选C项。
17. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的房东给了我一条湿毯子来盖住自己，以避高温，我们把水倒在头上来给自己降温。A. dry干的；B. new新的；C. small小的；D. wet湿的。根据下文“t cl urselves”可推知，此处指岩浆很热，房东给了作者一条湿毯子盖住自己，给自己降温。故选D项。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的房东给了我一条湿毯子来盖住自己，以避高温，我们把水倒在头上来给自己降温。A. light光；B. heat高温；C. fear害怕；D. cldness寒冷。根据下文“t cl urselves”可推知，此处指岩浆很热，需要用湿毯子盖住自己，给自己降温，避免温度过高，造成烫伤。故选B项。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于燃烧的房屋的热量和烟，我们几乎无法呼吸。A. smke烟；B. smell气味；C. sight视野；D. sund声音。根据上文“I saw black smke”和“culd hardly breathe”以及下文“f the burning huses”可推知，使作者很难呼吸的原因是燃烧时产生的大量热量和烟。故选A项。
20. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：多亏我的房东，我才在火山中活了下来。A. fr为了；B. f属于（某物/某人）；C. t到，向；D. with具有，和。根据上文“My landlrd gave me a wet blanket t cver myself”和“Thanks”以及下文“my landlrd, I survived the vlcan”可推知，此处指多亏了房东，作者才在这次火山喷发事件中得以幸存。固定搭配“thanks t”意为“幸亏、归因于”。故选C项。
【答案】41. the 42. have dne 43. t perfrm 44. permissin 45. their 46. larger 47. rughly 48. hw 49. dctrs 50. frm
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。
1. 考查定冠词。句意：上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。空格处用定冠词the特指“一位重病患者的心脏”，故填the。
2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是医生们第一次做这种手术。It is the first time that...是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中用现在完成时，主语dctrs是复数，因此空格处是have dne，故填have dne。
3. 考查不定式。句意：Bartley Griffith医生是第一个做这个手术的医生，他说这是前所未有的。surgen前有序数词first修饰，其后用不定式作后置定语，故填t perfrm。
4. 考查名词。句意：他得到了做这个不寻常手术的特别许可，因为如果没有手术，他就会死。special是形容词，修饰名词，permit的名词是permissin，意为“允许”，是不可数名词，故填permissin。
5. 考查物主代词。句意：器官移植通常来自那些已经去世但希望自己的器官用于帮助他人生存的人。rgans和they之间是所属关系，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词rgans，故填their。
6. 考查比较级。句意：需要器官的病人远远多于需要器官的病人。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级larger，故填larger。
7. 考查副词。句意：但大约有11万人在等待某种移植。空格处用副词修饰数词110,000，rugh的副词是rughly，意为“大约”，故填rughly。
8. 考查宾语从句。句意：多年来，科学家们一直试图弄清楚他们是如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“科学家们一直试图弄清楚他们是如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上的”，空格处意为“如何”，是hw，故填hw。
9. 考查名词的复数。句意：穆罕默德是协助进行手术的医生之一。“ne f”后跟名词的复数dctrs，故填dctrs。
10. 考查固定短语和介词。句意：他一直致力于研究防止猪器官在人类体内排异的方法。prevent sb. frm ding是固定短语，意为“防止某人做某事”，因此空格处用介词frm，故填frm。
51. frtune
考查名词。句意：这个穷人靠卖旧东西谋生。结合汉语提示及句意，所填空处填财富的名词形式作宾语，frtune意为“财富”，且结合前文a，此处用单数。故填frtune。
52. aggressive
考查形容词。句意：看电视上的暴力镜头使一些孩子更具攻击性。分析句子结构可知，空处放在mre后用形容词原级，作makes宾语的补足语。“好斗的”译为：aggressive。故填：aggressive。
53. alternative
考查形容词。句意：如今，自行车正成为私家车的一种替代方式。根据汉语提示可知，alternative可替代的，形容词作定语修饰空后名词means。故填alternative。
54. cnvenient##nvenient
考查形容词。句意：互联网使我们在舒适的家里网上购物很方便。make it+形容词+ fr sb.+ t d sth.使得某人做某事……。根据首字母提示及句意，故填cnvenient。
55. weapn##eapn
考查名词。句意：如果你的右手忙着和别人打招呼，那它就不能拿着武器。分析可知，不定冠词后需用名词，且为单数形式。结合句意“武器”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词weapn。故填weapn。
56. sculpture##culpture
考查名词。句意：他去了一所艺术学校学习绘画和雕塑。分析句子可知，所填空处填名词作宾语，与painting为并列关系，结合首字母和汉语提示，此处应填名词sculpture。故填sculpture。
57. pverty##verty
考查名词。句意：政府正在不遗余力地帮助人们摆脱贫困。分析可知，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据句意和首字母提示，pverty为不可数名词，意为“贫困”，符合题意。故填pverty。
58. disaster##isaster
考查名词。句意：1987年的飓风是几十年来袭击英国最严重的自然灾害。用单数名词disaster (灾难)作表语，指代单数主语The 1987 hurricane。故填disaster。
59. strengths##trengths
考查名词。句意：我们有必要了解自己的优势和劣势。根据空后“and weaknesses”和首字母s提示可知，strength优势，名词作宾语，符合题意；由空后weaknesses 可知，空处名词也需用其复数形式。故填strengths。
60. cntributins
本题考查名词。解题要点：根据所给出的句子，结合汉语提示，可推出是“cntributin”，make cntributins t“对……做出贡献”是固定短语。结合句意：我们学校认为培养学生对社会做出贡献是一种责任。故答案为cntributins。
【答案】Dear schlmates,
Recently I have nticed that sme students thrw away abandned masks causally and the campus has been littered with discarded masks everywhere. Littering masks may cause unimaginable cnsequences, such as the spread f infectius diseases and great harm t the envirnment.
S hw t deal with the abandned masks is ur tp pririty. First f all, a unified cllectin shuld be carried ut and a fixed recycling can fr masks shuld be placed. Furthermre, it is necessary t disinfect the garbage cans t prevent the spread f harmful germs effectively.
It’s time fr ur schl t launch a campaign t teach students hw t dispse f the masks prperly and keep ur campus clean and tidy. Let's get started!
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校英文校报计划举行的“妥善处理口罩，共创卫生校园”活动写一封倡议信投稿，分析乱扔口罩的现象及危害，给出应对措施。
1. 词汇积累
废弃的：deserted→abandned
结果：result→cnsequence
固定的：settled→fixed
开展一项活动：carry ut an activity→launch a campaign
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Furthermre, it is necessary t disinfect the garbage cans t prevent the spread f harmful germs effectively.
拓展句：In additin, trash cans shuld be disinfected s that the spread f harmful bacteria can be prevented effectively.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Recently I have nticed that sme students thrw away abandned masks causally and the campus has been littered with discarded masks everywhere. (运用了宾语从句)
[高分句型2] First f all, a unified cllectin shuld be carried ut and a fixed recycling can fr masks shuld be placed. (运用了并列句)
Inventr Caleb Bradham had riginally wanted t be a dctr but started wrking in a pharmacy when he returned hme t Nrth Carlina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix f water, sugar, caramel, lemn il, nutmeg, and ther flavrs. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cla. He claimed the drink culd help with digestin(消化), r dyspepsia, the term frm which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.
This luxury car maker cmbined elements frm the Frd and Oldsmbile cmpanies when it was started in 1902 and later became knwn fr its innvatin and high quality. The cmpany was named after the French explrer Antine Laumet de la Mthe Cadillac, wh funded the city f Detrit in 1701.
Cmpany c-funder Grdn Bwker has said that while brainstrming names, smene brught ut a map that featured the ld mining twn f Starb. That may have led him t think f Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famus nvel, Mby Dick. Nt nly the cmpany name but als the rigin f its lg has arused great curisity.
The inventr f Rlex, Hans Wilsdrf, was lking t make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy t say, wrked in different languages, and lked gd n the watches. He settled n Rlex in 1908.