2023英语高考命题总复习----代词和介词

这是一份2023英语高考命题总复习----代词和介词，共17页。试卷主要包含了 wn， view n husewrk等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点二 代词和介词
第一步 精准刷题
（一）单句语法填空
1.(2021·全国乙卷）Ecotourism has________ （it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
2.(2021·浙江高考）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of________（she),everything in good taste and in perfect order.
3.(2021·全国甲卷）Only a few choose to deal with the problems on________（they) own.
4.(2021·全国乙卷）That's________（I) view on housework.
5.(2021·全国甲卷）It was built originally to protect the city________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复）。
6.(2021·全国乙卷）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot________ doing some housework.
7.(2022·江苏省宿迁青华中学高三第二次月考）Wang Ge, a paper-cutting artist, runs a market stand where impressive examples of her work, are________ display in the popular tourist destination.
8.(2022·重庆市第八中学高三期中考试）________ took a long time for Mahendra to find the land where the shelter could be set up.
9.(2022·福建省厦门第一中学高三月考）Another reason is that studying Chinese provides access________ the wonderful Chinese history and culture.
10.(2022·广东省东华高级中学高三联考）The first time in print, this book served as a unique window to display the past 40 years' change________ not only Xiamen but the whole of China.
11.(2021·辽宁省六校协作体高三联考）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
12.(2021·山东省济南市莱芜一中高三月考）Water is a very important natural resource because we all need________ to stay alive.
13.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大联考）Sun's teacher said the assignment served________ a good example of life education.
14.(2022·江苏省泰州中学高三检测）Laughter is a feature that we share________ other great apes such as the chimpanzee and gorilla, which suggests that it is an ancient behavior.
15.(2022·山东省日照市高三摸底考试）My neighbour saw me fall so she stopped her car and rushed out to help
________（I).
16.(2022·重庆市巴蜀中学高三月考）Such training is aimed at improving parents' capabilities in________（they) parenting skills and knowledge.
17.(2021·浙江省诸暨市高三模拟）Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide________2050.
18.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三联考）In the same year, ________（it) habitats in Sichuan Province gained a UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
19.(2021·山东新高考质量测评联盟高三联合调研监测）The search is________ for the remaining five: a dog, a rooster, a dragon, a sheep and a snake.
20.(2022·浙江省桐庐中学高三阶段性测试）I had no special training in this, and introducing________ (I) to strangers was not my natural talent.
21.(2021·辽宁省高三联合调研）I expected that he would ask me________ money, but he didn't.
22.(2022·广东省高三联考）Tianwen-1,named after an ancient Chinese poem, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23,2020 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in the southernmost island province of Hainan; ________ kick-started China's first mission to another planet.
23.(2022·河北省级联测）As part of its plans to have a fully crewed space station by December 2022,China launched the first core module, known________ Tianhe or Harmony of the Heavens, on April 29.
24.(2022·重庆西南大学附属中学高三测试）She catapulted________（she) into the world's attention.
25.(2022·重庆西南大学附属中学高三测试）Not in the teams, but rather like individual projects, working________ training, mentoring or appearances in public.
26.(2022·浙江名校协作体高三联考）Between January and May of 2021,the number of cases involving the illegal destruction of forest resources in the prefecture has declined________ 76.6 percent compared with the same period last year.
27.(2022·广东广州外国语学校高三第一次联考）Today Riyue Bay, north of Houhai, is home________ the national surfing team's academy, set up after the International Olympic Committee accepted as an Olympic sport in 2016.
28.(2022·江苏苏州高三学期学情调研）Certainly, in all forms of communication, humor is a natural way to win
________（someone) heart.
29.(2022·辽宁省东北育才学校高三第三次模拟考试）He has taught me________ example that gratitude builds hope.
30.(2022·湖南长沙长郡中学高三月考）Yes, misleading children might not help their development, but there may also be deeper problems that are responsible________ their difficulty with attention or behaviour.
答案:
1.its [句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据设空后名词 origin可知，此处用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin.故填its.]
2.hersel［句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，应用反身代词。故填 herself.]
3.their [句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。on one's own“独自，依靠某人自己”，为固定用法。故填their.]
4.my [句意：这是我对家务的看法。此处表达“我的看法”，修饰后面的名词view,应用形容词性物主代词。故填my.]
5.in [句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”用介词。故填in.]
6.from [句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。benefit-from...“从·.中获益”，为固定短语。故填from.]
7.on [句意：剪纸艺术家王戈经营着一个市场摊位，在这个热门的旅游目的地展示着她的作品，令人印象深刻。be on display“展示”，为固定短语，故填on.]
8.It [此处为固定句型It takes/took some time for sh to do sth“某人花费多少时间做某事”，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语。故填It.]
9.to [句意：另一个原因是，学习汉语可以接触到精彩的中国历史和文化。access to...“接近。·,通向··的入口”，为固定短语。故填to.]
10.of [句意：第一次出版这本书就成为一个独特的窗口，展示了过去40年厦门乃至整个中国的变化。the change of“．的变化”，为固定搭配。故填of.]
11.one [句意：在这么多年后见到我的叔叔是一个令人难忘的时刻，一个我将永远珍惜的时刻。设空处作 an unforgettable moment的同位语，表示泛指，设空后是省略了关系代词的定语从句。故填one.]
12.it [句意：水是非常重要的自然资源，我们都需要它来保持活力。此处指代上文中的water,应用代词it.故填it.]
13.as [serve as“用作，充当”为固定短语。故填as.]
14.with [句意：笑是我们和其他类人猿，如黑猩猩和大猩猩，共有的特征，这表明笑是一种古老的行为。share with“分享，共有”，为固定短语。故填with.]
15.me［句意：我的邻居看到我摔倒了，就停下车冲过来帮我。根据句意可知，此处指邻居冲过来帮我。在动词 help后面，应用人称代词的宾格。故填me]
16.their [句意：这样的培训旨在提高家长的育儿技能和知识。根据句意可知，提高“他们的”育儿技能和知识，应用形容词性物主代词。故填 their]
17.by [句意：科学家们表示，到2050年，全球将再生产26.5万亿磅。此处表示“到“之前”应用介词by，故填by.]
18.its [句意：同年，它在四川省的栖息地获得了联合国教科文组织世界遗产的称号。根据设空后的名词habitats可知，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its.]
19.on [根据语境可知，这里指正处于寻找中的状态，此处应用介词on,表示正在进行的状态。故填on.]
20.myself［句意：我在这方面没有受过特殊训练，向陌生人介绍自己并不是我的天赋。设空处与主语指代同一个人，作宾语，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词。故填myself]
21.for [句意：我原以为他会向我要钱，但他没有。ask sb for sth“向某人要某物”。故填for.]
22.it[此处指代上文的“天间一号”探测器，应用代词故填it]
23.as [句意：作为到2022年12月建成全载人空间站计划的一部分，中国于4月29日发射了首个核心舱，被称为天河。Be known as..“被称为。。。；“著称”，为固定短语。故填as]
as. 24.herself [句意：她一下子引起了全世界的注意。catapult into“使突然处于”，设空处作宾语，表示“她自己”，故填 herself.]
25.on [句意：不是在团队中，而是在个人项目中，致力于培训、指导或公开露面。固定搭配work on,意为“致力于”。故填on]
26.by［句意：2021年1月至5月，该县涉及非法破坏森林资源的案件数量比去年同期下降76.6%.decline by表示“下降．．．”。故填by.]
27.to [句意：今天的日月湾，位于后海北部，是国家冲浪小组的家园，在2016年国际奥林匹克委员会认可冲浪为奥运会项目以后建立的。be home to“是·的家园”，故填to.]
28.someone's［句意：当然，在所有形式的交流中，幽默是赢得人心的自然方式。someone 与后文名词 heart 构成所属关系，应用所有格。故填 someone's]
29.by [句意：他以身作则教给我感激建立希望。by example“以身作则”，故填by.]
30.for [句意：是的，误导孩子可能不会帮助他们的发展，但也可能有更深层次的问题导致他们难以集中注意力或行为。be responsible for“对···负责”，为固定短语。故填for.]
（二）单句表达
1.(2022·重庆市西南大学附属中学高三摸底考试）奥运会真正的精神体现在一个默默无闻的失败者身上。
________________ was embodied by an unknown underdog.
2.(2021·广东珠海市二模）对这些文物的元素分析表明，它们的来源与长江沿岸的其他文化相似。
Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources similar to________________
3.(2022·山东师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试）有些人可能在批判性思维和分析方面非常强，这可能表明他或她有成为科学家的天赋。
Someone could be very strong at critical thinking and analysis, which may indicate he or she has________________
4.(2022·广东省广州市第五中学高三月考）人们开始给他寄明信片、其他物品和电子邮件来诉说他们的秘密。
People then began to send him postcards, other objects and emails________________
5.(2022·重庆市第八中学高三摸底考试）如果你想在下次锻炼中最大限度地燃烧脂肪，可以考虑在开始锻炼前半小时喝杯咖啡一项新的研究表明，咖啡对燃烧脂肪有显著的作用，尤其是在一天的晚些时候。
If you're looking to maximize the amount of fat burned in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started-as a new study suggests________________ to fat burning, especially later on in the day.
6.(2022·江苏省南京市秦淮区中华中学高三摸底考试）它表示，最近的进步主要惠及了企业主，而不是通过改善工资和工作条件惠及全体劳动者。
It said recent progress had mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce________________
7.(2022·湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三月考）在这项研究中，莫泽和他的同事给参与者布置了一项很容易出错的任务。
For this study, Moser and his colleagues gave participants a task that was________________ easy to
8.(2022·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三月考）这意味着每一个新的发展都必须是好的，但逻辑上肯定不是这样的。
This would suggest that every new development________________ and surely that cannot logically be the case.
9.(2022·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三摸底考试）有史以来中国首次在火星上安全着陆一艘宇宙飞船，也是第一次尝试，成为除美国之外唯一一个实现这一壮举的国家。
China safely landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time________________ and________________，becoming the only other nation besides the US to achieve such a feat.
10.(2022·江苏省南京市第一中学高三摸底考试）你可以让你的环境为你工作，而不是与你作对。
You can make your environment work for you________________.
11.(2022·江苏省南京市第一中学高三上学期考试）他总是在寻找生活的意义，从青年时代起就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
He________________ a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy.
12.(2022·山东青岛市第五十八中学高三期中考试）但是埃尔曼说，失明帮助她专注于寻找成功。
But Elman says that losing her sight helped her________________.
13.(2022·河北省邯郸市高三摸底考试）然而，在悲痛中，他意识到，看到周围的人感到悲伤，对他来说是多么困难。
However, in his grief he realized________________ to see others around him feeling sad.
14.(2022,辽宁省名校高二第二次联考）最近，互联网上出现了越来越多的网络错误评论。
Recently, more and more online wrong comments have appeared________________.
15.(2022·广东广州高三月考）因为我从他那里得到了冒险精神，所以他很赞成。
Because I get my adventurous spirits from him, he was________________ it.
答案:
1.The true spirit of the Olympics
2.those of other cultures along the Yangtze River
3.an aptitude for becoming a scientist
4.telling their secrets
5.it can make a significant difference
6.through better wages and working conditions
7.make a mistake on
8.must be a good one
9.in its history; in its first attempt
10.instead of against you
11.was always searching for
12.focus on finding success
13.how difficult it was for him
14.on the Internet
15.in favor of
（三）翻译
1.(2022·浙江省百校高三联考）长时间坐着对你的健康、注意力和工作效率都有负面影响。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2022·山东师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试）三个求职者在面试一家大公司的人力资源经理职位。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2022·辽宁省铁岭市高三摸底考试）跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·江苏省南京市秦淮区中华中学高三摸底考试）我们必须确保明天的工作不会比今天的差。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三月考）在无数个小时的工作和付出之后，推动自己通过一个又一个的训练，我最不想做的事情就是成为一个拉拉队长。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.Sitting for long periods has negative effects on your health, concentration, and productivity.
2.Three applicants were interviewing for the job of human resource manager at a big company.
3.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
4.We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's.
5.After endless hours of work and devotion, pushing myself through drill after drill, the last thing I want is to be a cheer leader.

第二步 精深学习
［精讲］
一、代词
1.人称代词
主格：I, you, he, she, it; we, you, they
宾格：me, you, him, her, it; us, you, them
2.物主代词
形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its; our, your, their
名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its; ours, yours, theirs
3.反身代词
（1)反身代词多在句中作宾语、表语或同位语：myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves; oneself 也是反身代词
（2)含有反身代词的习惯用语
①与介词连用
by oneself 独自地 for oneself 亲自 in oneself 本质上；本身 of oneself 自动地
②与动词连用
come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉
dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
behave oneself 举止规矩有礼
apply oneself to 专心致志于
help oneself to 随便吃／用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
make oneself at home 别客气
seat oneself 就座；人席
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
teach oneself 自学
speak to oneself 自言自语
think for oneself 独立思考
4.指示代词
this, that, these, those
5.(1)疑问代词
who, whom, whose, which(也可指人），what,常可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或后跟of短语
（2)常用what的疑问句型
What is the height/weight/depth/length/width/size of...?··的高度／重量／深度／长度／宽度／尺寸是多少？
What is the population?人口是多少？
What is the distance?距离是多少？
What is the price?价格是多少？
What is your address?你的地址是什么？
What is your attitude?你的态度是什么？
（3)what的其他常见句型：
What about...?··怎么样？（用于提出建议或询问对方的情况）
What(...)for?为什么（·····)?(用于询问原因或目的）
What if...?如果······怎么办？（用于引出条件）
So what?那又怎样？（表示某人对某事无所谓或认为某事不重要）
6.不定代词
（1)both/neither/either/all/none/any
（2)each/every
（3)other/the other/others/the others
（4)a few/few/a little/little
【特别注意】复合不定代词
something anything nothing everything;
someone anyone no one everyone;
somebody anybody nobody everybody
复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配：
nothing but 仅仅；只是 anything but决不 or something 诸如此类的人或物
something of 有几分；略微 something else 别的东西；另外一件事 for nothing 免费；徒然
7.it的用法
（1)指代提到过的或正在谈论的动物或事物，及已知或正在发生的事实或情况等
Some of my friends who had been there before said it was wonderful holiday destination.
我的一些朋友之前去过那里，说那是一个度假的好去处。
（2)指代时间、距离、日期、天气、温度等，用作主语
It is six miles from here to the nearest hospital.
这离最近的医院有六英里。（指距离）
It is early spring, but it is already very hot.
现在是早春，但天气已经很热了。（第一个It指代时间，第二个it指代天气）
（3)指代说话者不清楚对方是谁或不清楚说话对象的性别时
－Someone is knocking at the door.
－Who can it be?
－有人在敲门。
－会是谁呢？
（4)作形式主语或形式宾语
①代替不定式、v.-ing形式、名词性从句
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊明确地告诉我她希望自己有新的生活。
（it是形式宾语，that she wished to...是真正的宾语）
It felt very funny watching myself on TV.
在电视上看到自己非常有趣。（It作形式主语，watching myself on TV是真正的主语）
②常用it作形式主语的句式有：
It is a pity/shame that.....··真可惜／遗憾
It is no wonder that....·.···不足为奇
It seems/appears that...似乎／看来··...
It looks/seems as if/as though...看起来好像·...
It happens that...碰巧···..·
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb...that...某人突然想起······
It is said/reported that...据说／据报道···...
It is certain that....··.··是一定的
It is no use/good doing ...做······没有用／好处
It takes sb some time to do 做······花费某人一些时间
（5)表示“喜欢”“恨”等情感倾向的动词后面接it,构成固定结构“动
词＋it+ that/if/when...”这类动词有：enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate 等
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人满嘴食物时说话。
I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果能提前告诉我你是否能来，我将不胜感激。
（6)用于强调句型
“It is/was+被强调部分＋that/who(指人）。。。”
“Success is success but that is all that it is,＂Dr Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
彼得罗斯基博士写道：“成功就是成功，但也就只有这些了。”正是失败带来进步。
（7)常用短语或句型
make it 获得成功；达到预定目标；（病痛等）好转
see to it that...确保·.
count on/rely on/depend on it that ...相信····.
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
When it comes to...当涉及／谈到···.··
I can't help it.我没办法／情不自禁。
I take it that...我认为··...·
It's (high) time that sb should do/did sth 是某人该做某事的时候了。
It's the first/second/...time that sb have/has done sth 这是某人第一次／第二次／第······次做某事了。
It is/ has been...since...自从······已过了······时间了。
It will be/was...before...要过······时间才／在······之前已过了······时间。
See to it that you're ready on time!
请你务必按时准备好！
You can depend on it that he is helpful to you.
他对你有帮助，你可以相信这一点。
I'm also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants.
当涉及孩子们的鞋子和衣服以及昂贵的餐厅时，我也会很小气。
二、介词
1.表示时间的介词
（1)for, from, since
①for后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久；
②from后接时间点，表示时间或状态的起始点，不涉及其持续时间的长短；
③since后接时间点，不仅表示时间或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直延续说话的时刻，常与延续性动词的完成时或完成进行时连用。
（2)in, on, at
①in
a.表示在某段较长的时间内（例如：星期、月份、年代、世纪或泛指的上午、下午和傍晚），如：in the 1980s,in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening;
b.后接时间段，表示多少时间之后，如：in two weeks两周之后。
②on
a.表示具体某一天或具体的某一天的上午、下午或傍晚，如：on October the first, on a rainy day, on a sunny morning, on the morning of January the third.
b. on time 准时
③at表示时刻，如 at 12:00,at noon, at night, at dawn/daybreak(在黎明），at sunrise/sunset(在日出／日落），at dusk(在黄昏）
【特别注意】 当时间名词前被 this, that, last, next, some, every 等限制时，通常不用介词。
（3)during(在··.·期间）表示某个动作或状态在某个时间段内或整个过程中断断续续发生过多次，或在整个时间的某一时间点发生过。
2.表示地点和方位的介词
（1)in, at
①in表示在城镇以上的地点或表示“在·····里面”，如：in China, in the world;
②at用于较小很具体的地点，如：at the school gate.
（2)through, across, past, over
①through 表示从内部“穿过”，与“i”相关；
②across表示从表面“穿过”，与“o”相关；
③past 表示从旁边“经过”；
④over表示从上方“跨过，越过”。
3.表示范围的介词
between, among二者都意为“在······之间”，between一般用于两者范围，among常用于三者或三者以上范围或数目不确定的事物之间。
4.表示“除·····之外”的介词
（1)except和 but 表示其后的宾语是被排除在外，侧重同类事物的排除。
搭配：except/but to do 除了做······之外（当前句中有行为动词do的任何形式时，to要省略）
（2)besides 表示其后的宾语是被包含在内的。
（3)except for 表示被排除的内容与主语不是同一类的。
（4)apart from 意为“除···之外”，可包括 except 和 besides 两者的含义。
5.表示工具、手段、方式的介词
（1)交通方式
①by+交通工具名词单数
He often goes to school by bike/car/train/plane/boat.
他经常骑自行车／开车／乘火车／坐飞机／乘船去上学。
②by+ sea/air/land/water 表示交通方式
Tom went to Africa by sea/air/land/water last week.
上周汤姆乘船／坐飞机／走陆路／走水路去了非洲。
③on/in+冠词／物主代词／指示代同等＋交通工具名同
go to school on the bus/in a ear/on his bike
④on foot 步行
（2)with/in/on表示“用”
①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词修饰。
write with a pencil 用铅笔写字
cut the apple with a knife 用刀切苹果
②in用于语言、字体、墨水、体裁、现金等。
in English 用英语，in ink用墨水，in cash用现金
③on表示“以··..方式”，多用于与无线电有关的固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通过收音机／电视学英语。
④其他表示“用”的短语
by hand用手工，by doing 通过做。。
in this way=by means of =with this method用这种方法／方式

［检测］
（一）单句语法填空
1.(2022·重庆市南开中学高三月考）Roommate conflicts do harm_________ students' psychological health and cause depression.
2.(2022·广东省高三阶段性质量检测）In Indonesia, India, Vietnam and China, kite flying is_________ sport and recreation.
3.(2022·广东省珠海市高三摸底测试）Their tireless efforts eventually led to Rick graduating from Boston University_________ a degree in Special Education in 1993.
4.(2022·河北五校联盟高三摸底考试）Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist who developed many high-yield rice varieties that helped feed people around the world, passed_________ on Saturday at a hospital in the southern city of Changsha.
5.(2022·河北百师联盟高三联考）AirCar CEO Professor Stefan Klein flew and landed the vehicle_________ its test flight.
6.(2022·湖北荆门高三摸底考试）The heartbroken Lady Meng Jiang killed herself_________ jumping into the sea.
7.(2022·湖北武汉高三联考）This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code; but only one message could go_________ a time.
8.(2022·山东省济南市莱芜一中高三月考）We could do by keeping a minimum distance_________ the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time.
9.(2022·江苏南京师范附属中学高三摸底测试）After the company made the announcement on_________（it) social media platform, Sina Weibo, on Wednesday, it received widespread support.
10.(2022·重庆实验外国语学校摸底测试）However, the name_________（it) was not coined until the 19th century by Ferdinand von Richthofen.
答案:
1.to [句意：室友冲突对学生的心理健康有害，导致抑郁。Do harm to“对···“有害”，为固定短语。故填
to.]
2.both [句意：在印度尼西亚、印度、越南和中国，放风筝既是运动也是娱乐。both...and..表示“·和··两者都”。故填both.]
3.with [句意：他们不懈的努力最终使Rick(里克）于1993年从波士顿大学毕业，获得特殊教育学位。后跟名词 degree作宾语，表示“获得“学位”，应用介词with.故填with.]
4.away [句意：中国科学家袁隆平于周六在中国南部城市长沙的一家医院去世，他曾培育出许多高产水稻品种，帮助养活了世界各地的人们。pass away“去世”。故填away.]
5.on [句意：AirCar的首席执行官 Stefan（斯坦芬·科兰奈）教授在试飞时飞行并降落了飞机。on+adj./n.+flight
为固定搭配，意为“在···的飞行中”。故填on.]
6.by [句意：心碎的孟姜女跳海自杀。根据设空后的动词－ing形式和句意可知，此处应用介词by,表示方式。故填by]
7.at [句意；这条原始电报用莫尔斯电码远距离发送信息；但一次只能发送一条信息。at a time“一次”，为固定短语。故填at.]
8.between [句意：我们可以通过保持动物和船之间最小的距离，以及限制每一次在水面上的船的数量来做到这一点。between...and...“。·和·之间”，为固定短语。故填 between.]
9.its [句意：周三，该公司在其社交媒体平台新浪微博上宣布这一消息后，得到了广泛的支持。修饰名词 platform 应用形容词性物主代词，表示“它的”。故填its.]
10.itself [此处指代主语 the name,应用反身代词。故填 itself.]
（二）语法填空
（2022·山东青岛高三摸底测试）Xi'an, or Chang'an as it was called for many centuries, has been a built-up urban area for over 3,000 years, and once 1 (serve) as capital for 13 dynasties. It is home 2 many immovable cultural heritages, three of 3 are on the UNESCO's world cultural heritage list.
These days, the city has made 4 (effect) exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy(遗产）。A recent piece of news 5 (announce) by Shaanxi's cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention, that a ruin of ancient capital dating back to Qin Dynasty was unearthed during the construction of the Xi'an Metro Line 5. In order to protect the ruin, the metro line may have to change 6 (it) route.
7 (face) the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction, Xi'an made active 8 (attempt). Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 meters underground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are 9 (usual) buried in the layer within 5 meters from the surface level. Besides, the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories, presenting 10 visual feast for citizens.
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西安这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时，对建筑现代化进行了有效的探索。
1.served [考查动词的时态。句意：西安，又称长安，已有3,000多年的历史，曾是13个朝代的都城。根据“once”可知，and之后的句子为一般过去时。故填served.]
2.to[考查介词。句意：这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产，其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。be home to“（某地）是。·的所在地”。故填to.]
3.which [考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 immovable cultural heritages,作of的宾语，应用关系代词which.故填 which.]
4.effective [考查词性转换。句意：如今，这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时，对建筑现代化进行了有效的探索。形容词修饰名词exploration.故填 effective.]
5.announeed [考查非谓语动词。句意：陕西省文物局最近公布的一则消息引起了全国的关注，在西安地铁5号线的建设过程中，发现了一处可以追溯到秦朝的古都遗址。设空处为非谓语动词，recent piece of news 与announce 在逻辑上是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 announced.]
6.its［考查代词。句意：为了保护遗址，地铁线路可能不得不改变路线。形容词性物主代词修饰名词route.故填it]
7.Facing [考查非谓语动词。句意；面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任，西安作出了积极的尝试。设空处为非谓语动词，Xi'an与face在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填 Facing]
8.attempts [考查名词attempt 为可数名词，无不定冠词修饰和限定，应用复数。故填 attempts. ]
9.usually [考查词性转换。句意：为了保护通常埋在地下5米以内的古墓，地铁系统的轨道铺在地下15~20
米的地方。副词修饰动词 buried.故填usually.]
10.a［考查冠词。句意；此外，地铁施工人员还在车站内的墙壁上绘制了历史故事，为市民提供了一场视觉盛宴。feast为可数名词，此处泛指“一场视觉盛宴”，visual的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a. ]