2023英语高考命题总复习----完形填空（议论文）

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考点四 议论文
第一步 精准刷题
Passage 1
(2021·河北邯郸市高三三模）It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected. In this respect, digital technologies have 1 our life.
The possibility to be connected all the time has brought our personal space to a(n) 2 as we've known it. People have become so 3 in the world of networks that one can often be contacted even if they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text and e-mail, not only from our 4 , but from our mobile phones as well.
Most people have become 5 on digital technology simply because it has become a necessary part of life, and at this point not 6 it would make them an social outsider. 7 , many jobs and careers require people to be connected. From this point of view, being reachable might feel like a 8 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
But solitude (独处） still can be possible for those who 9 want it. Computers can be 10 and mobile phones can be turned off. Of course, the choice to be “off” and “on” has many 11 as well as disadvantages. When travelers end up 12 in mountains, and mobile phones can mean life or death, although they can also make people feel 13 and forced to answer unwanted calls.
Actually, attitudes towards digital technologies as a society 14 widely. Some find them a gift. Others consider them a curse. Whether you like it or not, it's hard to imagine what life would be like without the 15 in digital technologies.
1.A.reshaped
B. respected
C. ignored
D. preserved
2.A.alarm
B. stage
C. end
D. balance
3.A.sensitive
B. intelligent
C. considerate
D. reachable
4.A.neighbors
B. computers
C. friends
D. monitors
5.A.impressed
B. hard
C. dependent
D. focused
6.A.finding
B. using
C. protecting
D. changing
7.A.Also
B. Instead
C. Otherwise
D. Therefore
8.A.pleasure
B. benefit
C. burden
D. shame
9.A.slightly
B. barely
C. merely
D. really
10.A.sold out
B. broken up
C. shut down
D. joined in
11.A.aspects
B. advantages
C. weaknesses
D. exceptions
12.A.hidden
B. lost
C. relaxed
D. deserted
13.A.trapped
B. excited
C. confused
D. amused
14.A.vary
B. arise
C. spread
D. exist
15.A.hopes
B. tests
C. interests
D. achievements
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述数字技术在给我们带来了方便的同时也几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会。
1.A [reshape“重塑”；respect“尊敬”；ignore“忽视”；preserve“保存”。根据上文“It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected.”可知，数字技术几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会，所以从这方面来看，数字技术重塑了我们的生活。故选A.]
2.C [根据上文“It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world”可知，数字技术几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会，所以这种无时无刻不在的连接终结了我们的私人空间。bring... to an end意为“使······结束”。故选C.]
3.D [sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“聪明的”；considerate“体贴的”；reachable“触手可及的”。此处与下文“From this point of view, being reachable might feel like a 8 ”相呼应，表示无处不在的网络让我们变得触手可及。故选D.]
4.B [neighbor“邻居”；computer“电脑”；friend“朋友”；monitor“监视器”。根据语境可知，此处表示人们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机交谈、发短信和电子邮件。故选B.]
5.C [impressed“印象深刻的”；hard“艰难的”；dependent“依赖的”；focused“集中的”。根据下文“because it has become a necessary part of life”可知，因为数字技术已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分，所以许多人已经非常依赖它了。故选C.]
6.B[上文提到许多人已经非常依赖数字技术了，如果不使用数字技术，他们就会成为这个社会的局外人。故选B.]
7.A [句意：另外，许多的工作和职业也需要人们保持联系。根据下文“many jobs and careers require people to be connected”可知，此处讲述另一个让我们保持紧密联系的原因，所以应用表示补充说明的副词。故选A.]
8.C [pleasure“快乐”；benefit“利益”；burden“负担”；shame“羞耻”。根据下文“who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可知，无处不在的连接对于那些希望不被打扰的人来讲确实是个负担。故选C.]
9.D［slightly“轻微地”；barely“几乎不”；merely“仅仅”；really“真正地”。根据语境可知，此处表示对于那些真正希望独处的人来讲，独处还是有可能的。故选D.]
10.C [sell out“卖完”；break up“打破”；shut down“关闭”；join in“加入”。此处和下文“and mobile phones can be turned off”意思并列，表示如果真的想要独处，可以关掉电脑和手机。故选C.]
11.B [aspect“方面”；advantage“优点”；weakness“缺点”；exception“例外”。根据下文“as well as disadvantages”可知，此处表示选择“开机”或“关机”各有优缺点。故选B.]
12.B [hidden“隐藏的”；lost“迷路的”；relaxed“放松的”；deserted“遗弃的”。根据常识和“mobile phones can mean life or death”可知，如果有人在大山里迷路了，手机有可能会决定生死。故选B.]
13.A [trapped“被困的”；excited“激动的”；confused“迷惑的”；amused“被逗乐的”。根据下文“forced to answer unwanted calls”可知，如果被迫接听那些不想接的电话，人们会感到被束缚。故选A.]
14.A [vary“不同，变化”；arise“上升”；spread“传播”；exist“存在”。根据下文“Some find them a gift. Others consider them a curse.”可知，人们对于数字技术的态度也是千差万别的，有人视之为福音，有人视之为诅咒。故选A.]
15.D[根据常识可知，数字科技给人们的生活带来了很多好处，这些是它的成就，由此可知，此处表示没有数字技术成果的生活是很难想象的。故选D.]

Passage 2
(2021·湖南长沙市长郡中学高三月考）A famous theorist once said, “I don't divide the world into the weak and the strong, or the successes and the failures ... I divide the world into the learners and the nonlearners.”
What on earth would make someone a non-learner? Everyone is born with an intense 1 to learn. Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for 2 tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like leaning to walk and talk. They never decide it's too hard or not worth the 3 . Babies don't worry about making mistakes or 4 themselves. They walk, they fall, they 5 .
What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges. They worry about not being 7 . My research team have studied thousands of people from preschoolers on, and it's breathtaking how many 8 an opportunity to learn.
We offered four-year-olds a 9 :they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图） or try a harder one. Even at this young age, children with a fixed mindset stuck with the 10 one. They believe smart kids don't make 11
Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 12 choice. Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 13 ? They chose increasingly difficult ones instead.
Believing that success is about learning, children with a growth mindset seized the chance. But those with a fixed mindset didn't want to expose their 14 . This is how a fixed mindset makes people into 15 .
1.A.fear
B. drive
C. competition
D. concentration
2.A.crucial
B. mental
C. ordinary
D. particular
3.A.attention
B. effort
C. interest
D. time
4.A.confusing
B. behaving
C. punishing
D. hurting
5.A. get up
B. give up
C. show up
D. shut up
6.A.afraid
B. ashamed
C. confident
D. ignorant
7.A.adorable
B. curious
C. modest
D. smart
8.A.seize
B. ruin
C. reject
D. require
9.A.lesson
B. choice
C. gift
D. game
10.A.challenging
B. interesting
C. new
D. simple
11.A.decisions
B. jigsaws
C. mistakes
D. predictions
12.A.strange
B. promising
C. profitable
D. difficult
13.A.repeatedly
B. unwillingly
C. automatically
D. properly
14.A.secrets
B. thoughts
C. preferences
D. weaknesses
15.A.theorists
B. perfectionists
C. non-learners
D. risk-takers
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了导致习得者和非习得者存在区别的原因，总结出是固定型思维模式导致了非习得者的形成。
1.B［句意：每个人生来就有强烈的学习动力。fear“恐惧”；drive“内驱力”；competition“竞争”；concentration“专心”。故选B.]
2.C [句意：不仅是为了普通任务，而且为一生中最困难的任务，像走路和说话。crucial“重要的”；mental“精神的”；ordinary“普通的”；particular“特别的”。上下文出现连词“not just...but（also)”意为“不仅，而且”，表示并列关系，后半句提到了“最困难的事”，因此该题与“困难的”是同一范畴的词。故选C. ]
3.B [attention“注意力”；effort“努力”；interest“兴趣”；time“时间”。此处表示婴儿生来就会学习，他们不会意识到这些任务是不是太难或者这些任务值不值得尽力去完成。故选B.]
4.D [confuse“使困惑”；behave“表现”；punish“惩罚”；hurt“使受伤”。根据下文的“They walk, they fall”可知，此处表示婴儿会受伤。故选D.]
5.A [get up“站起来”；give up“放弃”；show up“露面”；shut up“闭嘴”。根据常识和该句子的顺承逻辑，婴儿走路、跌倒，然后再站起来。故选A.]
6.A [afraid“害怕的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；confident“自信的”；ignorant“无知的”。根据上文“What puts an end to this fearless learning?”可知，孩子一开始是不害怕学习的，但是这个过程被终结了，所以一些孩子开始害怕挑战。故选A.]
7.D [adorable“可爱的”；curious“好奇的”；modest“谦虚的”；smart“聪明的”。根据上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves”可知，孩子会评估自己，下一段“They believe smart kids don't make 11 .”提到一些孩子把自己与聪明孩子做对比，因此他们担心自己不够聪明。故选D.]
8.C [seize“抓住”；ruin“毁灭”；reject“拒绝”；require“要求”。根据上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges.”可推知，一些孩子开始害怕学习，因此拒绝学习的机会。故选C.]
9.B [句意：我们提供给四岁的孩子一个选择：他们可以重新做一个简单的拼图，或者尝试一个更困难的拼图。lesson“教训”；choice“选择”；gift“礼物”；game“游戏”。故选B.]
10.D［challenging“富有挑战性的”；interesting“有趣的”；new“新的”；simple“简单的”。根据下一段中的“Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 12 choice.”和“They chose increasingly difficult ones instead.”可推知，成长型思维模式的孩子会选择困难的拼图任务，因此固定型思维模式的孩子会选择简单的任务。故选D.]
11.C [decision“决定”；jigsaw“拼图”；mistake“错误”；prediction“预测”。根据上文“A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges. They worry about not being 7 .”可推知，固定型思维模式的孩子由于害怕自己犯错误而选择简单的任务，是因为他们认为聪明的孩子不会犯错误。故选C.]
12.A [strange“奇怪的”；promising“有希望的”；profitable“有益的”；difficult“困难的”。根据下文“Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 13 ？”可推知，成长型思维的孩子会选择困难的任务，觉得没必要做简单的任务，所以对于为什么有这两种选择而感到奇怪。故选A.]
13.A [repeatedly“重复地”；unwillingly“不情愿地”；automatically“自动地”；properly“恰当地”。根据上文“keep doing the same puzzle”可知，这个任务是一直在做相同的事情。故选A.]
14.D [secret“秘密”；thought“想法”；preference“偏爱”；weakness“弱点”。根据上文可知，固定型思维模式的孩子害怕挑战，担心自己不够聪明，所以不想暴露自己的不足。故选D.]
15.C [theorist“理论家”；perfectionist“完美主义者”；non-learner“非习得者”；risk-taker“风险承担者”。根据第一段内容与第二段首句“What on earth would make someone a non-learner?”可知，通篇文章讲述的是什么导致了习得者和非习得者的区别，文章最后一句总结了固定型思维导致了非习得者的形成。故选C.]

Passage 3
(2022·江苏省南京市第一中学高三摸底考试）I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse 1 me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my 2 and gives me a(n) 3 . I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being. This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasn't happened 4 yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of 5 . I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter. But I am writing this because I don't want machines to 6 .
When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am 7 . And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like 8 ,“When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) 9 ,please!”
After all, human cashiers sometimes 10 you a store coupon for items you are buying.
Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can 11 young mothers' day. A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 12 to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be 13 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. 14 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is 15 no machine will ever have. It is human being that encourages us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
1.A.tears
B. directs
C. follows
D. separates
2.A.signals
B. symptoms
C. sculptures
D. symbols
3.A.description
B. assumption
C. prescription
D. subscription
4.A.at most
B. at last
C. at least
D. at intervals
5.A.commerce
B. agriculture
C. literature
D. technology
6.A.cut in
B. pass by
C, take over
D. go away
7.A.annoyed
B. thrilled
C. discouraged
D. disappointed
8.A.cursing
B. laughing
C. shouting
D. weeping
9.A.machine
B. human
C. animal
D. plant
10.A.give
B. remind
C. bargain
D. purchase
11.A.brighten
B. darken
C. strengthen
D. widen
12.A.turning
B. happening
C. describing
D. struggling
13.A.urgent
B. efficient
C. frequent
D. consistent
14.A.But
B. Because
C. Otherwise
D. Therefore
15.A.everything
B. nothing
C. anything
D. something
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文中作者想象了未来机器人接管一切的场景，感觉是噩梦。作者认为机器人虽然效率高，成本低，能很好地完成工作，但它们缺少人类才有的灵魂。
1.B [句意：在那里，一个机器人护士指导我站到秤上，然后给我。量血压。tear“撕开”；direct“指导”；follow“跟随”；separate“分开”。根据后文“me onto the scales”可知，此处指机器人护士指导作者称体重。故选B.]
2.B [signal“信号”；symptom“症状”；sculpture“雕塑”；symbol“象征”。根据上文“in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my”可知，作者去体检，机器人医生记下作者的症状。故选B.]
3.C [description“描述”；assumption“假设”；prescription“药方”；subscription“订阅”。根据上文“He notes down my 2 and gives me a(n）”可知，机器人医生记下作者的症状，然后给作者开药方。故选C.]
4.C [句意：这是我对未来的噩梦般的想象，至少现在还没有发生。at most“至多”；at last“最后”；at least“至少”；at intervals“不时”。根据上文“This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasn't happened”可知，这些是作者对未来的幻想，所以至少现在还没有发生。故选C.]
5.D [句意：我应该说我真的很喜欢科技的很多方面。commerce“贸易”；agriculture“农业”；literature“文学”；technology“技术”。根据下文“I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.”可知，作者喜欢空调、加热器，即作者喜欢现代技术。故选D.]
6.C [句意：但我写这篇文章是因为我不想让机器接管一切。Cut in“插嘴”；pass by“经过”；take over“接管”；go away“走开”。根据下文可知，作者不想和机器人通话也不想让机器人给自己结账，故可推测作者不想机器接管日常生活的一切。故选C.]
7.B [句意：当我往我的牙医办公室打电话，发现是一个人在（接听）电话时，我很激动。annoyed“恼怒的”；thrilled“激动的”；discouraged“沮丧的”；disappointed“失望的”。根据上文“I don't want machines to 6”可知，作者不想机器人接管一切，所以当电话是人类接听的时候，作者很激动。故选B.]
8.C [curse“诅咒，咒骂”；laugh“笑”；shout“叫喊”；weep“哭泣”。根据下文“please”可知，作者对于自助结账情绪激动，shout符合语境。故选C.]
9.B [根据上文“I don't want machines to 6”可知，作者不喜欢机器接管一切，所以作者希望人类给自己结账。故选B.]
10.A [句意：毕竟，人类收银员有时会给你一张你所购买商品的商店优惠券。give“给予”；remind“提醒”；bargain“交易”；purchase“购买”。根据下文“you a store coupon”可知，此处指给作者一张商店优惠券。故选A.]
11.A [brighten“（使）快活起来，点亮”；darken“变黑”；strengthen“加强”；widen“扩宽”。根据上文“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知，人类收银员喜欢可爱的孩子，这可以让年轻妈妈们开心。故选A.]
12.D [句意：收银员也可能会对一个挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人表示同情。struggle“努力，挣扎”。根据下文“to get that last penny out of his purse”可知，此处指挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人。故选D.]
13.B [句意：机器效率高，成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作。urgent“紧急的”；efficient“有效率的”；frequent“频繁的”；consistent“一致的”。根据下文“and cost-effective”可知，此处在介绍机器的优势。故选B.]
14.A [句意：但它们缺少日常生活中非常重要的元素。上文提到了机器的好处，下文则说它们缺少重要元素，上下文为转折关系，应用but连接。故选A.]
15.D [句意：这是任何机器都不会有的东西。根据上文“Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.”可知，作者认为机器缺少灵魂，这是任何机器都不会有的东西。故选D.]

Passage 4
(2021·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三期中检测）To a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment rather than yesterday or tomorrow. However, many of us are spending much of our lives 1 about a variety of things. We allow past problems and future concerns to 2 our present moments, so much so that we 3 frustrated and depressed.
On the other side, we also 4 our gratification(满足感)and our happiness, often 5 ourselves that “someday” will be better than today. But the truth is that such a “someday” never 6 arrives.
John Lennon once said, “Life is what's happening 7 we're busy making other plans.” When we're busy making “other plans", the people we love are moving away and dying, our bodies are getting out of 8 , and our dreams are slipping away. 9 , we missed out on life.
Many people live as if life were a dress rehearsal for some 10 date. It isn't. In fact, no one has a 11 that he or she will be here tomorrow. Now is the only time we have, and the only time that we have any 12 over. When our attention is in the 13 moment, we push fear from our minds.
Fear is the concern over events that might happen in the future. To fight it, the best 14 is to learn to bring your attention back to the here and now. Keep practicing. Your efforts will 15 in time.
1.A.worrying
B. working
C. thinking
D. dreaming
2.A.promote
B. dominate
C. prevent
D. explore
3.A.end up
B. grow up
C. turn up
D. block up
4.A.accumulate
B. advance
C. forget
D. postpone
5.A.encouraging
B. congratulating
C. doubting
D. convincing
6,A.hastily
B. hopefully
C. actually
D. thankfully
7.A.after
B. before
C. until
D. while
8.A.order
B. shape
C. mind
D. date
9.A.In addition
B. In contrast
C. In general
D. In short
10.A.later
B. earlier
C. better
D. worse
11.A.response
B. demand
C. guarantee
D. resolve
12.A.advantage
B. concern
C. control
D. victory
13.A.present
B. precious
C. distant
D. awkward
14.A.lesson
B. promise
C. strategy
D. reference
15.A.build up
B. pay off
C. go away
D. add up
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了活在当下的必要性和重要性，以及把注意力放在此时此刻，也能帮助我们克服不必要的担忧和恐惧心理。
1.A [根据下文“past problems and future concerns”可知，此处表示我们中的许多人担心各种各样的事情。故选A.]
2.B [promote“促进”；dominate“控制，支配”；prevent“阻止”；explore“探索”。根据上文“many of us are spending much of our lives 1 about a variety of things”可知，我们中的许多人由于经常担心过去和未来的问题，以至于受到这些问题的控制。故选B.]
3.A [end up“以······而结束”；grow up“成长，逐渐形成”；turn up“调大，出现”；block up“阻碍”。根据上文“We allow past problems and future concerns to 2 our present moments, so much”可知，此处表示由于各种各样的担忧，最终以挫折和沮丧告终。故选A.]
4.D［accumulate“积累”；advance“提前，使前进”；forget“忘记”；postpone“延迟”。根据下文“that' someday' will be better than today”可知，此处表示推迟满足感和幸福。故选D.]
5.D [encourage“鼓励”；congratulate“祝贺”；doubt“怀疑”；convince“使确信，说服”。此处表示我们常常会说服自己有朝一日满足感和幸福会到来。故选D.]
6.C [hastily“匆忙地，仓促地”；hopefully“有希望地”；actually“事实上”；thankfully“感谢地，感激地”。根据上文“But the truth is that such a' someday' never”可知，此处表示事实上这一天不会真的到来。故选C.]
7.D [句意：约翰·列依曾经说过：“生活就是当我们忙于制定别的计划时发生的事。”此处表示两件事情同时发生。故选D.]
8.B [此处与上文“the people we love are moving away and dying”和下文“our dreams are slipping away”并列，表示身材走样了。Out of shape“变形”。故选B.]
9.D [句意：简而言之，我们在生活中错过了许多。in addition“另外，此外”；in contrast“相反”；in general“一般，大体上”；in short“简言之”。故选D.]
10.A [句意：许多人的生活就像是为将来某一天彩排。later“以后的，后来的”。故选A.]
11.C [response“回应”；demand“需求”；guarantee“保证”；resolve“决心，决定”。根据下文“that he or she will be here”可知，此处表示没人能保证未来发生的事情。故选C.]
12.C [句意：现在是我们唯一拥有的时间，也是我们唯一能掌控的时间。advantage“优点”；concern“关心，忧虑”；control“控制”；victory“胜利”。故选C.]
13.A [句意：当我们将注意力放在此时此刻时，我们就将恐惧抛诸脑后。present“现在的，目前的”；precious“珍贵的”；distant“遥远的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”。根据上文“Now is the only time we have”可知，此处表示“现在的时刻”。故选A.]
14.C [lesson“课，教训”；promise“承诺”；strategy“策略”；reference“参考”。根据下文“is to learn to bring your attention back to the here and now”可知，此处表示战胜恐惧的策略。故选C.]
15.B [build up“逐步建立，增进”；pay off“还清，取得回报”；go away“离开”；add up“加起来”。根据上文“Keep practicing.”可知，只要保持练习，努力就会有所回报。故选B.]

第二步 精深学习
Passage 1
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住)customers, It sounds 1 and achievable. But, 2 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 3 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become 4 . They forget what they regard as the boring side of business- 5 that the customer remains a customer.
6 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 7 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 8 in its performance, Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的）customers led to 9 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
The logic behind cultivating customer 10 is impossible to deny.＂In practice most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 11 them", says Adrian Payne," Research suggests that there is a 12 relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 13 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 14 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 15 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
1.A.simple
B. difficult
C. tough
D. complicated
2.A.in particular
B. in reality
C. at least
D. first of all
3.A.emphasize
B. doubt
C. overlook
D. believe
4.A.carried away
B. carried back
C. carried on
D. carried through
5.A.denying
B. ensuring
C. arguing
D. proving
6.A.Moving
B. Hoping
C. Starting
D. Failing
7.A.culture
B. social
C. financial
D. economical
8.A.promise
B. plan
C. mistake
D. difference
9.A.cost
B. opportunity
C. profit
D. budget
10.A.beliefs
B. loyalty
C. habits
D. interest
11.A.altering
B. understanding
C. keeping
D. attracting
12.A.close
B. distant
C. deep
D. shallow
13.A.Assumed
B. Respected
C. Established
D. Unexpected
14.A.agreeable
B. flexible
C. friendly
D. sensitive
15.A.unfair
B. difficult
C. essential
D. convenient
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。很多公司把精力放在了吸引顾客上，而很少去关注如何留住老客户，文章说明了留住老客户的重要性。
1.A [根据“achievable”可知，此处表示听起来简单易行。故选A.]
2.B [根据上文“Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住） customers.”以及设空前的“But”可知，事实上并不那么简单。故选B.]
3.C [根据下文“They forget”可知，成功吸引顾客之后，常常会忽略故事的另一部分。故选C.]
4.A [根据上文“In the excitement of beating off the ...managers tend to”可知，此处表示经理会忘乎所以。carry away“使激动得失去控制”；carry back“运回；使回想起”；carry on“继续”；carry through“（常指不顾困难）完成”。故选A.]
5.B [句意：他们忘记了他们认为是无聊的一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。故选B.]
6.D [句意：如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客户，每年都会给企业带来巨额损失。故选D.]
7.C [根据上文可知，很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户，所以会对财务产生影响。financial implication“财务影响”。故选C.]
8.D [句意：公司减去失去的客户数量会对它的业绩产生很大的影响。这里指对业绩有很大的影响。故选D.
9.C [根据常识可知，顾客少流失会带来公司利润的增加。故选C.]
10.B [根据上文可知，留不住老客户让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润，所以要培养客户忠诚度。故选B.]
11.C [根据上文“focused on getting customers, with little attention paid”可知，此处表示应留住顾客。故选C.]
12.A [根据下文“customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers”可知，留住老客户，与客户维护好密切的关系非常重要。故选A.]
13.C [根据下文“than new customers”可知，这里指已建立的顾客，也就是老顾客。故选C.]
14.D [根据常识和购物经验可知，老顾客往往对价格不太敏感。price sensitive“价格敏感性”。故选D.]
15.B[根据上文“Retaining customers”和下文“increase their share of a market”可知，留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。故选B.]
Passage 2
People are said to learn from their experiences and their mistakes made in life. We agree with this because life 1 us what is correct to do.
Let's think of a student who didn't 2 for his exam, as a result, he received a bad mark. Maybe he didn't really 3 it, but later his teacher began to take him as a bad 4 in front of his classmates, the student would surely feel very 5 . He'd think that everybody saw him as a(n) 6 student. So he began to study hard and gradually he was 7 of getting a good mark, too.
Then, let's consider a mistake we have made while learning how to drive. As a beginner, it's common to 8 mistakes; but after doing something wrong once, twice, it is impossible to make the 9 mistake again. Everyone tries their best in order to 10 things.
On the other hand, 11 one is successful in everything, they cannot know what failure really 12 . They would only see the best part of things and they could 13 learn from the difficulties.
In the end, we can say that a person 14 to make mistakes in order to better appreciate things. They should know how to 15 people around them, how to behave well in the family.
1.A.cheats
B. teaches
C. forces
D. provides
2.A.wait
B. thank
C. choose
D. study
3.A.deal with
B. work out
C. care about
D. get to
4.A.example
B. memory
C. grade
D. challenge
5.A.helpful
B. upset
C. proud
D. surprised
6.A.talented
B. naughty
C. excellent
D. stupid
7.A.afraid
B. aware
C. capable
D. fond
8.A.make
B. avoid
C. find
D. accept
9.A.common
B. formal
C. same
D. simple
10.A.remember
B. improve
C. experience
D. save
11.A.so
B. if
C. though
D. because
12.A.wants
B. happens
C. forgives
D. represents
13.A.often
B. sometimes
C. never
D. always
14.A.needs
B. pretends
C. hates
D. regrets
15.A.guess
B. respect
C. refuse
D. meet
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了犯错误对于一个人的成长过程有着积极的影响，即人们在自身的经验和错误中不断认识自己和改正自己。
1.B [根据前文“People are said to learn from their experiences and their mistakes”以及后文“what is correct to do”可推知，此处表示生活教（teach)我们什么是对的。cheat“欺骗”；force“强迫”；provide“提供”。故选B.]
2.D [根据后文“he received a bad mark”可推知，此处指该学生没有好好学习，为考试做准备。study for the exam/test“为考试做准备”。故选D.]
3.C [此处指也许该学生并不在意考试成绩。deal with“处理；对付”；work out“计算出；锻炼”；care about“关心；在意”；get to“到达；开始”。故选C.]
4.A [对于分数考得差的学生，老师通常会作为不好的例子（example),当着全班的面批评。故选A.]
5.B [根据前文可知，这位成绩差的学生被老师作为反面教材，当众批评后，肯定会觉得很难过（upset).故选B.]
6.D [根据前文可知，这个学生成绩差，所以在同学面前被批评了之后，该学生担心其他人会将他视为笨（stupid)学生。talented“有才能的，有天赋的”；naughty“顽皮的，淘气的”；excellent“杰出的，优秀的”。故选D.]
7.C[此处指该学生开始努力学习，渐渐地也能够考得高分。Be afraid of“害怕”；be aware of“意识到，察觉到”；be capable of“能够，胜任”；be fond of“喜爱”。故选C.]
8.A [此处指作为初学者，犯错误很正常。“犯错误”的固定表达为 make mistakes.故选A.]
9.C [根据后文中的“again”可知，此处表示犯同样的（same)错误。故选C.]
10.B [根据前文可知，在做错同一件事情一次、两次之后，就不可能再犯同样的错误。此处意为“每个人都尽自己所能去改进（improve)”。故选B.]
11.B［此处是if引导的条件状语从句。故选B.]
12.D［句意：如果一个人做任何事都会成功，他们就不会知道失败代表着什么。represent“表示，代表”。故选D.]
13.C [根据前文“successful in everything”可推知，此处表示如果一个人做任何事都成功，那么他们就永远不会（never)从困难中吸取教训。故选C.]
14.A [根据前文“In the end”可知，本段是对前文的总结，前文提及了一个人总是成功的弊端，此处是指人需要（need)犯错。故选A.]
15.B [根据后文中的“behave well”可知，此处指好的方面，即尊重身边的人。故选B.]
Passage 3
Children and young people tend to have certain role models-people they want to be like when they grow 1 . Though at first children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a(n) 2 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famous people or popular 3 .
People have different opinions about 4 popular stars or other famous people are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 5 by young girls. This is the biggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to 6 the concept that success is achieved through hard work and 7 rather than an attractive looking.
Most people tend to grow up to be those who are 8 home-their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favorite teacher. A child who loves to 9 may want to grow to be the next Picasso or Van Gogh; someone who loves to 10 might imagine themselves as a famous writer; if a child enjoys dancing, he or she may well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the 11 . A lot of dance students wish to be like their dance teacher.
Therefore, the job of a teacher is 12 just providing knowledge of a given subject. They should be able to 13 their students' trust and communicate with them well. Helping youngsters to learn from models, to learn how to accept 14 with grace and losing with dignity, is central to any parent's or teacher's job. Manners are very important and a dance teacher can 15 his or her position and influence to introduce good behaviors to youngsters.
1.A.younger
B. stronger
C. older
D. taller
2.A.generous
B. humorous
C. ordinary
D. favorite
3.A.fans
B. singers
C. stars
D. dancers
4.A.that
B. whether
C. why
D. if
5.A.caught up with
B. looked down upon
C. thought highly of
D. made fun of
6.A.hold
B. encourage
C. receive
D. ignore
7.A.luck
B. effort
C. imagination
D. creativity
8.A.similar to
B. far from
C. close to
D. different from
9.A.read and write
B. sing and dance
C. draw and paint
D. listen and speak
10.A.dance
B. think
C. sing
D. read
11.A.case
B. trouble
C. matter
D. deal
12.A.better than
B. more than
C. rather than
D. less than
13.A.accept
B. lose
C. receive
D. gain
14.A.challenging
B. failing
C. winning
D. falling
15.A.take charge of
B. lose control of
C. get rid of
D. make use of
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了很多青少年都将名人或明星作为自己的偶像。作者认为，教师或家长的中心任务是要引导青少年正确地向偶像学习，以正确的态度对待成功和失败。
1.C [句意：孩子和年轻人都有自己的偶像，他们长大之后想成为那样的人。grow older意为“长大，年龄增长”。故选C.]
2.D [孩子把亲戚作为自己的偶像，由此可以推知，这个亲戚肯定是他最喜欢的（favorite).故选D.]
3.C [根据后文的“popular stars or other famous people”可知，逐渐地，孩子的偶像就会变成名人或明星（star).故选C.]
4.B [句意：人们对于以明星或名人作为偶像是否（whether)对孩子们好持不同观点。故选B.]
5.C [此处和前面的“admire”并列，年轻的女孩子们对她评价很高（think highly of),经常赞美她，以她为偶像。故选C.]
6.B[句意：父母希望鼓励（encourage)孩子这样的观念：成功是通过努力获得的，而不是迷人的外表。故选B.]
7.B [此处和前面的“hard work”并列，成功是通过努力（fort)获得的。故选B.]
8.C [根据后文的“their parents or family friends”可知，大部分人长大之后往往倾向于成为和自己离得近的人。故选C.]
9.C [根据后文的“Picasso or Van Gogh”可知，此处表示喜欢画画（draw and paint)的孩子希望成为下一个毕加索或梵高。故选C.]
10.D [根据后文的“writer”可知，此处表示喜欢阅读（read)的人希望自己成为一名作家。故选D.]
11.A［此处表示但情况（case）并非总是如此。故选A. ]
12.B［句意：因此，老师的工作不仅仅(more than)只是向学生传授知识。故选B.]
13.D [句意：他们应该能够获得（gain)学生的信任，与学生们很好地交流。故选D.]
14.C [句意：教师或者父母的中心职责就是要帮助青少年向偶像学习，学习如何优雅地接受胜利（winning),如何在失败的时候保持尊严。winning和后文的losing对应。故选C.]
15.D [句意：礼貌非常重要，舞蹈老师可以利用（make use of)自己的职位和影响将好的行为介绍给青少年。故选D.]
Passage 4
These days everyone wants to “get rich" overnight. We all 1 marrying someone from a wealthy family, making a lot of 2 , or winning the lottery(彩票).But do these things really make us happy? Many of the richest celebrities(名人)happen to be some of the most 3 people. They buy expensive houses and clothes that the 4 use. They may become 5 and even become addicted to 6 . They have become so focused on money and material things that they forget about the people and activities they 7 .
Now, more young people have the opportunity for a better education, and better chances of making a high 8 .These are great achievements, 9 will they make you happy? In the US, many young people believe that being rich and being happy are two 10 things. When attending university, they often choose to study subjects that they are 11 rather than subjects that will get them 12 jobs. Instead of majoring in “business” or “management", many American students today have majors like “theater” or “modern dance”. The 13 is that making a lot of money doesn't mean that you will be satisfied with your 14 .Nowadays, young people are 15 careers that they love doing rather than careers that pay well.
1.A.think of
B. dream of
C. care about
D. insist on
2.A.changes
B. friends
C. efforts
D. money
3.A.unhappy
B. happy
C. lucky
D. unlucky
4.A.always
B. really
C. never
D. personally
5.A.annoyed
B. depressed
C. satisfied
D. injured
6.A.work
B. games
C. adventures
D. drugs
7.A.love
B. hate
C. enjoy
D. know
8.A.salary
B. goal
C. degree
D. fame
9.A.so
B. and
C. but
D. or
10.A.difficult
B. different
C. pleasant
D. important
11.A.used to
B. familiar with
C. related to
D. interested in
12.A.high-paying
B. prize-winning
C. trouble-saving
D. long-enjoying
13.A.point
B. purpose
C. result
D. question
14.A.health
B. future
C. life
D. major
15.A.creating
B. avoiding
C. missing
D. choosing
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了拥有财富和拥有幸福是有本质区别的。现在的年轻人更倾向于选择自己感兴趣的职业，而不是一份高薪的工作。
1.B[根据上文提到每个人都想一夜暴富和下文可知，这些想法都是梦想。dream of意为“梦想做···..·”。故选B.]
2.D [根据语境可知，要快点富起来，要赚到一大笔钱。make a lot of money“赚大钱”。故选D.]
3.A [根据下文提到的那些有钱人的做法可知，他们中有些人并不幸福（unhappy).故选A.]
4.C [句意：他们购买永远不会（never)用的昂贵房子和衣服。故选C.]
5.B[此处和下文“become addicted to...”是并列关系，因此选择 depressed“郁闷的，沮丧的，消沉的”。故选B.]
6.D [become addicted to ...常用来指“沉迷于”一些不良的嗜好。结合选项可知，drug“毒品”符合语境。故选D.]
7.A [根据最后一句中的“that they love doing”以及上文的“people and activities”可知，只能用love,而不能用enjoy“喜欢”。故选A.]
8.A[本文主要讲对财富的追求，这里和文章开头呼应，指现在的年轻人有更好的获得高薪的机会。故选A.]
9.C [这里是转折关系，应用转折连词but.故选C.]
10.B[根据上下文可知，富有和幸福是不同的（different).故选B.]
11.D [根据下文“rather than"和“get them 12 jobs”可知，此处指选择他们感兴趣的专业。be interested in 意为“对······感兴趣”。故选D.]
12.A[此处指不选择与高薪工作相关的专业。high-paying“报酬高的”。故选A.]
13.A[此处指“问题的焦点”，point“要点”。故选A.]
14.C［此处指有钱并不意味着对生活（life)感到满意。故选C.]
15.D［根据“rather than”可知，此处表示年轻人选择那些他们喜欢做的而非高薪的职业，choose career“择业”。故选D.]

在语篇中提升
1.attract(Passage 1第一段）
→attraction n.____________
be attracted by____________


attract one's attention____________

attract vt. ____________



be attractive to sb____________

attractive adj. ____________



单句语法填空
The Great Wall is an____________ ,whose scenery is very____________ ,and it____________ a large number of tourists every day.(attract)
2.appreciate vt. ____________ (Passage 2最后一段）
→____________ n.欣赏；感激
appreciate(one's)doing sth____________


I would appreciate it if... ____________

appreciate




单句语法填空
①I would appreciate____________ if you would come to attend my wedding ceremony.
②Children rarely show any____________ (appreciate) of/for what their parents do for them.
③I don't appreciate____________ (treat) like a second-class citizen.
3.achieve(Passage 3第二段）
achieve success____________


achieve one's dream____________


vt. ____________


achieve one's goal____________


achieve one's purpose____________


achieve


a sense of achievement________

make achievements/an achievement________

achievement n. [C] ________[U] _________



achievable adj. ____________





翻译
I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone says I should feel a sense of achievement.
我________________了原本希望做的一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的________,尽管每个人都说我应该有________.
4.rather than________________________________(Passage 4 第二段）
more than________ (尤用于强调实际数多么大）




no more than________ (相当于________).(用于强调并不重要或数量少)




than的其他常用短语



nothing more than________



no less than________ (表示数目的惊人之多）






用than的相关短语完成句子
①You are buying direct, ________ through an agent.
②The guide contains details of________115 hiking routes.
③Lucille's home was very grandly called a chateau, though in truth it was________ a large farm.
④The company employs________ a couple of dozen people.
⑤It's worth a damn sight________ I thought.
答案:
1.喜爱；喜欢；吸引（力） 吸引，使喜爱，招引；引起（反应）被······所吸引 吸引某人的注意力 有吸引力的；吸引人的 对某人有吸引力
单句语法填空
attraction; attractive; attracts
2.感激；欣赏 appreciation 欣赏／感激（某人）做某事 如果·····,我将不胜感激
单句语法填空
①it ②appreciation ③being treated
3.取得；获得；实现；成功 取得成功 实现某人的梦想 实现某人的目标 达成某人的目的成就，功绩 完成，达到 取得成就 成就感 可实现的
翻译
完成；成就；成就感
4.而不是；宁可·····也不愿 超过；不仅仅 只不过／仅仅；最多不超过；不到 little more than 不比···复杂；仅仅；只不过是 不少于／不低于；多至／多达
用than的相关短语完成句子
①rather than ②no less than ③nothing more than ④no more than ⑤more than