2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（健康的生活方式，积极的生活态度）

这是一份2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（健康的生活方式，积极的生活态度），共14页。
考点二 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度第一步精准刷题阅读A(2021·浙江高考)We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen-any screen-and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director from Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says."There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “ We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.1. What is the problem with the author's children?A. They often annoy their neighbours.B. They are tired of doing their homework.C. They have no friends to play with.D. They stay in front of screens for too long.2.How did David Bond advocate his idea?A. By making a documentary film.B. By organizing outdoor activities.C. By advertising in London media.D. By creating a network of friends.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts" in paragraph 2?A. fecordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. let Children Have FunB. Young Children Need More Froe TimeC. Market Nature to ChildrenD. David Band: A Role Model for Children答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond(大卫·邦德）为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。1.D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen-any screen-and stare at it for hours.(然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的事情是拿起一个屏幕－任何有屏幕的－盯着它看几个小时。）”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前待的时间太长了。故选D.]2.A [细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people.(他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。）＂可知，David Bond 通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A.]3.A [词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“a fiml“可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文＂the birth of the World Netwonk(世界网络的诞生）”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此可推测，画线词意为“记录；描绘”，与“record”意思一致。故选A.]4.C [标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“He documented his journey...with the common goal of getting children out into nature.”可知，David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可推知，C项（把自然推销给年轻人）适合作本文标题。故选C.] 。 B(2020·新高考日卷)In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway(晃动)。The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly Harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.“Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement. 5.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A. It carried more weight than it could.B. It swayed violently in a strong wind.C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles.D. Its access was blocked by many people.6. Which of the following is Dr Petroski's idea according to Paragraph 3?A. No design is well received everywhere.B. Construction is more important than design.C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.7.What does the last paragraph suggest?A. Failure can lead to progress.B. Success results in overconfidence.C. Failure should be avoided.D. Success comes from joint efforts.8.What is the text?A.A news report.B.A short story.C.A book review.D.A research article.答案;篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了 Dr Henry Petroski(亨利·波卓斯基博士）的书《原谅设计；理解失败》，由此得出工程设计可能会因为某些原因失败，但失败能带来进步。5.A [细节理解题。根据第一段前六句描述的内容可知，金门大桥“50岁生日”郑天，其承重量远超其最大承受能力。故选A.]6.C [推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Dr Petruski考虑到了工程事故背后更多的原因，比如使用穷质材料等，即“不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的”。故选C.]7.A [细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败能带来进步。故选A.]8.C [推理判断题。本文以金门大桥作为切入点，结合著作内容，将书中的主旨呈现于文中。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论。故选C.] 七选五(2020·新高考日卷)Talking with your doctorTalking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she of he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.  1  Stay positive.Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.  2  Think teamwork! Think positive!Keep track of how you are feeling.3  This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状) and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.4  Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic(过敏) to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.Ask questions.Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.  5 Remember-there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.A. This will make getting answers easier.B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work,D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information. 1.___________     2. ___________     3. ___________     4. ___________     5. ___________     答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条与医生谈话的建议。1.B [根据设空前文中的“Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.(不要害怕或不好意思讨论困扰你的事情。）”，再结合下文列举了几条具体建议可知，B项“Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.(这里提供一些与你的医生进行交谈时的建议。）”符合题意，为顺承关系。故选B.]2.E[根据设空后文中的“teamwork”可知，E项“Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.(记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这一边。）”与此呼应。故选E.]3.D [根据设空后文中的“This will make it easier for ... how long you've felt that way.(这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物让你感觉如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种感觉持续了多久。）”可知，本段与感受有关，D项“Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.(在你去看医生之前，记下你的感受。）”与之呼应。故选D.]4.F[根据下文中的“Your medical history is a list .., be sure to mention that to your doctor.(你的病史是你的疾病、治疗过程、医嘱，以及你认为医生应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你有任何药物过敏的话，也要告诉医生。）”可知，本段内容是关于病史和清单的，F项“Bring your medical history, including a list of yourcurrent medicines.(带上你的病史，包括你目前的药物清单。）”适合作本段标题。故选F.]5.A[根据设空处上下文可知，本段主要讲述要向医生提间，A项“This will make getting answers easier.(这将使获得答案更容易。）”符合语境。故选A.] 第二步 精深学习阅读A(2021·湖南高三月考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day. Was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to watch our class walk across that stage. But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.You know that feeling when you wake up and you are just consumed with fear? Fear about something you can't control-that sense of approaching failure that remains over you as you hope that everything that happened to you thus far was just a bad dream? That feeling became a constant in my life. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn't seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity (理智)？I wrote. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer-a little brighter, Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough ...sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I channeled my frustration into a children's book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world-just a lot of hard work and perseverance-I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview with The Walt Disney Company and was hired shortly after.The moral of this story is ... don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change. If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.1.From Paragraph 2,we can learn that the author probably__________.A. was having an exciting graduationB. was getting into financial difficultiesC. missed the life in the universityD. had just applied for the student loans2.How did the author change the frustrating situation?A. By sending applications.B. By offering contracts.C. By keeping writing.D. By publishing books.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A. Unattractive.B. Hopeless.C. Thrilling.D. Promising.4.What is the passage mainly about?A. Success belongs to the persevering.B.A contented mind is a perpetual(长久的)feast.C. A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. 答案:篇章导读；本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后经历了失败和恐惧，然后依靠坚持写作走出困境的励志文章。1.B[推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句“What I thought would take a week ... my student loans was creeping ever closer.”可知，作者在毕业后难以找到工作，而学生贷款还款期限日益逼近，作者无力偿还，由此可推知，作者陷入经济困难。故选B.] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智）？I wrote.”以及第六句“So I channeled my frustration into a children's book.”可知，作者通过坚持写作来改变自己的令人沮丧的处境。故选C.]3.B[词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一、二句“The moral of this story is ... don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give”可推测，能够导致你对一件事情的放弃，这件事可能是无望的或者是糟糕的，所以能够替换bleak的词是hopeless.故选B.]4.A[主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The moral of this story is ...don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change. If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.”可知，本文主要谈论的是成功属于坚忍不拔的人。故选A.] B(2020·新高考I卷)According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?5.What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.6. What does the underlined word “beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.7. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.8.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，就餐同伴会影响人们的食物摄入量。5.D [推理判断题。文章第一段第一句提到，根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究，我们就餐时，同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。再结合下文内容可知，这项研究是有关饮食行为的。故选D.]6.D[词义猜测题。第一段最后一句提到，现有的研究表明，你应该避免和吃得多的比较胖的人一起吃饭。又根据提示词“contrary to existing research”可知，后面提到的内容恰好与前面相反，由此可推测，真正需要避免一起吃饭的是那些大胃口的瘦高个。beanpole 词义与heavier people 相对，意为“瘦高个”。故选D.]7.A [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为了验证社会影响对饮食习惯的效应，研究人员做了两个实验。在实验过程中，研究人员聘请了演员参加。因此聘请演员是为了看她如何影响其他参与者的饮食习惯的。故选A.]8.C [推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit.（如果一个超重的人吃了很多，我会稍微控制一下食量，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但是如果一个瘦人吃得很多，我也会跟着多吃。）”由此可知，我们是通过如何看待他人的饮食习惯来调整对自己的饮食影响的。故选C.] 七选五(2022·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三月考)For the first time in 10 years, the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise people need to stay healthy and when they should start.For children and teensThe new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3 and 5.  1  That could be light activities, moderate activities, or even vigorous(剧烈的)activities.Doctors say it is important to start young. They add that from birth to age 5, a child's brain develops more than at any other time in life.  2  Also, children who start exercising at a young age are more likely to establish healthy behaviors they will continue into adulthood.But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill (跑步机)or other exercise equipment.  3  After all, it's a kid's nature to play freely and happily.4  But it shouldn't be less than one hour a day three times a week. Their activities should mostly be aerobic(有氧的)exercise, such as. biking, swimming or running, which can strengthen the heart and lungs. Such exercise should also include muscle and bone strengthening activities: such as climbing trees or playground equipment and playing sports.For adultsFor adults, the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be walking, gardening, dancing, etc.  5  Experts say that even short amounts of aerobic exercise can provide health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, reducing anxiety and improving sleep.A. Attaining the health benefits from exercise may be harder than earlier thought.B. Aerobic activity works only if it lasts for at least 10 minutes.C. Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise.D. Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do.E. These developments have a lasting effect on a child's ability to succeed in life.F. Children in this age range require about three hours' active activities daily.G. Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough. 1.___________     2. ___________     3. ___________     4. ___________     5. ___________    答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向孩子和成人两个不同年龄段的人提出有关锻炼的建议和注意事项。1.F [根据设空前一句“The new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3and 5.(新的生活指南表明，孩童最重要的培养运动习惯的年龄是3到5岁之间。）”可知，F项中的“this age range”正是指3到5岁，承接上文，且具体指出孩子每天最佳的运动时间。F项（这个年龄阶段的孩子每天需要3个小时的锻炼活动。）符合语境。故选F.]2.E [根据设空后一句“Also, children who start exercising at a young age are more likely to establish healthy behaviors they will continue into adulthood.(并且，从小就开始运动的孩子更有可能将健康的生活习惯延续至成年阶段。）”可知，后文陈述从小培养运动习惯的积极益处，根据并列连词“also”可知，设空处也应表述积极意义。E项（这些发展会对一个孩子未来的成功有深远的影响。）符合文意，故选E.]3.G [根据前文“But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机） or other exercise equipment.(但那并不意味着你要把小孩放在跑步机或其他运动器械上。）”可知，设空处应明确指出孩子应如何运动。G项（给孩子时间和空间让他们开心地玩耍就足够了。）指出让孩子自由地玩耍，而不是强硬地要求他们做具体运动，是帮助孩子培养运动习惯的最好的方式。故选G.]4.C [根据第四段末句“After all, it's a kid's nature to play freely and happily.(毕竟，自由快乐的玩耍是孩子的天性。）”可知，第二、三、四段主要针对0到5岁的孩子关于运动的建议。根据后文“But it shouldn't be less than one hour a day three times a week. Their activities should mostly be aerobic(有氧的）exercise(但日常运动时间不能少于一个小时，且每周不得少于三次。他们应主要以有氧运动为主）”可推知，本段是针对5岁以上的孩子运动时间方面的建议。C项（5岁以上的孩子可以有相应较少的日常锻炼时间。）符合语境。故选C.]5.D [根据设空后一句“Experts say that even short amounts of aerobic exercise can provide health benefits(专家建议说，即使少量的有氧运动都能给健康带来益处）”可知，任何运动形式，哪怕强度不大，也是有益的。D项（任何让人得到锻炼的运动形式都是适合的。）符合语境。故选D.] 在语篇中提升1.contact vt. ___________  n. ___________ (A篇倒数第二段)     翻译①让我遗憾的是，我在毕业后和很多朋友失去了联系。______________________ many friends after graduation.②互联网有助于我和朋友们保持联系。The Internet helps me to______________________ my friends.③我已经设法与那个官员取得了联系。________________________________________________________________________________________2.beyond prep. ______________________ (A篇最后一段)           用beyond的相关短语完成句子①___________why she married such a heavy smoker.②The beauty of the waterfall is___________.③The development of things is___________.④The increase in prices is___________.⑤The lorry was damaged, ___________of repair. 3.effect n. ______________________ (B篇第二段)→effective adj. ___________→effectiveness n. ___________→effectively adv. ___________(1)单句语法填空Traditional culture has a great___________ on us, so in my opinion, some___________ measures should be taken to protect it___________. (effect)(2)翻译Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behaviour.家长们担心___________青少年子女行为___________.4. recommend(七选五最后一段)           (1)单句语法填空①If I had to make just one___________  (recommend) for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.②He recommended___________ (read) the book before seeing the movie.③I can recommend him___________ an extremely good accountant.(2)一句多译他建议我们看这部电影。He______________________ the film.＝He______________________ the film.答案:1.联络；联系 联系；接触 与······保持联系 与···失去联系 和······联系翻译①To my regret, I lose contact with  ②keep/stay in contact with③I have managed to make contact with that official.2.在更远处；迟于；包括；超出（范围）使某人无法想象（或理解等）不可置信 无法控制 难以形容 难以忍受 出乎意料没有指望用beyond的相关短语完成句子①It's beyond me  ②beyond description  ③beyond expectation  ④beyond control  ⑤beyond hope3.效应；影响；结果 有效的；产生预期结果；实际的；生效的效率；有效性 有效地（1)单句语法填空effect; effective; effectively（2)翻译音乐对于；的影响4.推荐；建议；介绍；劝告 推荐某人为．向某人推荐某物建议某人做某事 建议做某事 建议·推荐，建议 在某人的推荐下（1)单句语法填空①recommendation  ②reading  ③as（2)一句多译recommended us to see; recommended that we(should)