2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（科学发展与信息技术）

这是一份2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（科学发展与信息技术），共14页。
考点十一 科学发展与信息技术第一步 精准刷题阅读A(2022·T8联考)When asked what his father did for a living, Mike explained to his kindergarten teacher that “he steals things, but it's OK, because he gets paid to do it.”He isn't wrong. His father is a hacker (黑客)，who is proud of his job, just like doctors are proud of the work they do. Thanks to security researchers' hacking practices, leaks in a new version of the most common Wi-Fi code standard (WPA3) were found before criminals could use them to break into home and business networks. In another case, criminals found an unknown weakness in Google's Android operating systems before security researchers did, giving the bad guys full control of more than a dozen phone models.However, finding Mike's father's personalized plates for his car with the word. “HACKING”， an employee of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles quickly took them away, claiming that a license plate displaying “HACKING" publicized criminal activity. While this reaction really isn't the fault of the well-intentioned employee, it's a sign of how a deeply rooted misrepresentation of his profession has created a fixed wrong image. It seems that the way that hackers are described in Hollywood has contributed to the word “hacker" paralleling “criminal”， where hackers are often referred to as figures in dark rooms engaged in illegal activity while tapping at keyboards.But actually, hacking is just an activity. What separates any activity from a crime is, very often, permission. People are free to drive, but they do not have permission to drive 150 miles per hour, which is a criminal offense. Since a driver just a driver, why must a hacker be a criminal? Someone who engages in the illegal use of hacking should not be called a “bad hacker" but a “cybercriminal”. Contrary to popular belief, most hackers like Mike's father undoubtedly play an important role in keeping companies and people safe.1.What did Mike think of his father's job?A. Admirable.B. Amazing.C. Acceptable.D. Annoying.2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about concerning the hackers' job?A. Its weakness.B. Its importance.C. Its variety.D. Its security.3.Why does the writer mention “Hollywood” in Paragraph 3?A. To entertain the readers.B. To question the employee's claim.C. To clarify the concept of hacking.D. To trace the wrong image of hackers.4.What message does the author really want to convey in the text?A. Hacking mostly counts.B. Hacking is actually a crime.C. Hacking is popular with people.D. Hacking needs licenses. 答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章作者就“黑客”问题向大家阐明：黑客是否应被单纯的归为罪犯。1.C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“steals things, but it’s OK, because he gets paid to do it”可推知，Mike(迈克)认为他爸爸的工作是可以接受的。故选C.] 2.B [推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是第三句可知，多亏安全研究人员的黑客攻击行动，发现了最常用Wi-Fi加密标准一个新版本存在的漏洞，使罪犯无法利用这些漏洞侵入家庭和商业网络。由此可推知，第三段主要是谈论黑客工作的重要性。故选B.]3.D [推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，好莱坞对黑客形象的描述通常是在黑暗的房间通过电脑从事非法活动的人，促使“黑客”这个词成为“罪犯”的同义词，导致了人们对黑客的误解。因此作者提到好莱坞是为了追溯为什么会有这种误解。故选D.]4.A [主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据最后一句可推知，作者主要是为了说明大多数像Mike的父亲一样从事这份职业的黑客是非常重要的，因为他们保障人们和公司的安全。故选A.] B(2022·衡水六调)If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline. At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn't do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of websites. They rarely check it, though.Today's instant electronic memos-such as texting and online messages-are more direct, more concentrated, and more efficient. They go without the salutation(称呼语)and the signoff(签收)；we already know the “to” and “from”. Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read-and respond to-on the go.The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convenience to people. They can deal with them at about any time; before a movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they're suitable for smart phone typing.Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily, E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral-you read them, and then they're gone, into an endless string. E-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. It's easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, and longer explanations.So, e-mail won't go away completely. Remember, we've been through a transition(过渡) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That's not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old ones completely; it just adds new alternatives.5. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?A. Check bank accounts.B. Send short messages.C. Fill in some formD. Communicate with their colleagues.6.Which of the following is mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4?A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation.C. The rapid development of e-communication channels.D. Evidence of the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.7. What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Automatically-sending.B. Randomly-written.C. Hardly-recognized.D. Short-lived.8.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. It's too early to determine the decline of e-mail.B.E-mail has reasons to exist with its own advantages,C. E-mail, just like postal mail, has come to its end.D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了电子邮件是否会消亡的问题。通过分析，我们知道电子邮件不太可能会完全从这个世界舞台退出。5.C [细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They use it only as...the sign-up requirements of websites. They rarely check it, though. ”可知，新一代年轻人可能会用电子邮件来填写一些表格。故选C.]6.A [推理判断题。第三段主要谈论了短信和在线消息更直接、更集中、更高效，第四段谈论了智能手机的便利，由此可推知，第三、四段主要谈论了电子邮件衰落的原因。故选A.]7.D [词义猜测题。根据下文“you read tem, and then they're gone”可知，画线词意为“短暂的”。故选D.]8.B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段谈电子邮件的优势及最后一段中的“e-mail won't go away completely”可知，电子邮件不会彻底消失，它有理由凭自己的优势继续存在。故选B.] 七选五(2022·重庆市西南大学附属中学高三摸底考试)You may have recently heard of NFT technology, which permits digital works of art to be collected and sold for millions of dollars. But why would people pay so much money for something they cannot even touch? And what is driving the current rise in NFTs  1  ?What is an NFT?NFT stands for non-fungible token(非同质化代币).  2  It is based on a technology called blockchain(区块链)，which is also used with digital currency systems known as cryptocurrency.What kinds of things are NFTs?3  They are usually bought with electronic money. The form of digital currency mainly used with NFTs is called ether. NFTs have been used to sell sports videos, pieces of land in worlds that only exist on computers and even the first-ever tweet by Twitter's founder.What do critics say about NFTs?Critics note that traditional art, like a painting, can be placed on a wall and looked at.  4  They point out that even though an artist can “own” a digital piece, others can easily save a copy of the same work as a file on their computer.What are some prices for NFTs?In February, a 10-second video showing an image of former US President Donald Trump sold on an NFT marketplace for over $ 6 million. The first-ever published tweet from Twitter founder Jack Dorsey recently sold for nearly $ 3 million.5  It is too early to say if NFTs are good investments. But so far, many people have items that are worth more than what they paid for them, This is no guarantee, however, that such buyers will be able to sell their digital objects for a profit.A. But digital art is different.B. Why do people like NFTs?C. Are NFTs good investments?D. It is something that only exists in the digital world. E. NFTs can exist in the form of images, video, music and text.F. Here are some basics to help you understand the technology.G. An NFT can be attached to other things existing in the digital form.1.___________     2. ___________     3. ___________     4. ___________     5. ___________     答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。NFT(非同质化代币)是用于表示数字资产的唯一加密货币令牌。NFT可以买卖，就像有形资产一样。1.F [根据上文“And what is driving the current rise in NFTs?(是什么推动了当前NFT的增长？)”以及下文“What is an NFT?(什么是NFT?)”可知，此处为过渡句。F项(这里有一些基础知识帮助你理解这项技术。)承上启下，符合语境。故选F.]2.D [根据上文“NFT stands for non-fungible token,(NFT代表不可替代的非同质化代币。)”可知，D项中的“h”指代上文中的“NFT”。D项(它是只存在于数字世界中的东西。)承接上文。故选D.]3.E [根据本段标题“What kinds of things are NFTs?"可知，本段介绍NFT的具体所指。再根据下文“They are usually bought with electronic money.(它们通常是用电子货币买的。)”的主语＂They"可知，They 指代E项中的“NFTs”。E项(NFT能以图像、视频、音乐和文本的形式存在。)符合语境。故选E.]4.A [根据上文“Critics note that traditional art, like a painting, can be placed as a wall and looked at.(评论家指出，传统艺术，就像一幅画，可以放在墙上并观看。)＂和下文＂others can easily save a copy of the same work as a file on their computer(其他人可以很容易地将相同的作品的副本保存在他们的电脑上)”可知，上文叙述的是传统的艺术形式，下文叙述的是数字艺术，上下文形成对比。A项(但是数码艺术是不一样的。)承上启下，符合语境。故选A.] 5.C [根据下文“It is too early to say if NFTs are good investments.(现在说NFT是否是好的投资还为时过早。)”可知，C项(NFT是好的投资吗？)为本段最佳标题，符合语境。故选C.] 第二步 精深学习阅读(2022·河北省级联测高三第一次考试)If Siri had any feelings, she would know she was being teased. When 10-year-old Belinda and her friends play, they sometimes ask Siri questions in the hope she will say something random and make them laugh. “Do a rap,” they urge Siri, “Tell us a bedtime story.”Belinda and her friends have grown up interacting with artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Siri, Alexa and Google. They were born into a world of portable devices.In 2010 when the first of their generation were born, Apple released the first iPad, Internet activist Julian Assange published thousands of classified documents, Mark Zuckerberg was Time's person of the year.Mark McCrindle, Sydney-based social researcher, first coined the term Generation Alpha to describe those born between about 2010 and 2024 in his book Generation Alpha. He said this generation have access to more technology, information and external influences than any generation before them, and at a younger age.Belinda has had an iPad since year 3 and is allowed to use her iPad after doing violin and piano practice. “It's always Can I use my iPad, I'll do that afterwards and the afterwards never happens,” Catherine says, “Change the order and it gets done.” Belinda is on guard against "stranger danger" and ensures her privacy settings, which mean that only her friends can join her in games. On occasion Belinda has wiped all her apps off her iPad, worried that she has disclosed too much, such as her date of birth and photo. When she downloads apps now she doesn't use her real date of birth.In his book, MeCrindlle says, "In some ways, Generation Alpha are part of an unintentional global experiment in which screens are placed in front of them from the youngest age so we should pay attention to the addictive nature of devices and Internet security."1.Why is Siri mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To prove Siri is very intelligent.B. To point out kids often feel bored.C. To indicate Siri needs to be improved.D. To show Al is part of Belinda's life.2.What distinguishes the Generation Alpha from other generations?A. They are more independent.B. They are more willing to help others.C. They are exposed to more technology.D. They are more devoted to social activities.3.Which word can best describe Belinda?A. Adaptable.B. Caring.C. Shy.D. Cautious.4.What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?A. MeCrindle's book.B. MeCrindle's concern.C. The harm of screens.D. Ways to deal with devices,答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。“阿尔法一代”指的是出生于2010至2024年的孩子，文章同时还介绍了作为“阿尔法一代”的一员Belinda(贝琳达)从小接触电子产品的情况。1.D [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Belinda和朋友会不时戏弄Siri,让Siri来段说唱或讲睡前故事。根据第二段“Belinda and her friends have grown up interacting with artificial intelligence(AI) in the form of Siri, Alexa and Google. They were born into a world of portable devices.(贝琳达和她的朋友们在成长过程中一直与Siri、Alexa和谷歌等人工智能互动。他们出生在一个便携式设备的世界。)”可推知，作者提到Siri的目的是表明人工智能已经渗透到Belinda的生活，成为了她生活的一部分。故选D.]2.C [细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，悉尼社会学家Mark McCrindle(马克·麦克兰登)在他的著作《阿尔法一代》中首次提出了“阿尔法一代”这个词，用来描述2010年至2024年出生的人。他说，这一代人比之前的任何一代人都能接触到更多的技术信息和外部影响，而且年龄更小。由此可知，阿尔法一代的孩子们出生在一个便携式设备的世界，他们比其他代的孩子们更多地接触到科技。故选C.]3.D [推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，Belinda 警惕“陌生人危险”，并确保自己的隐私设置，这意味着只有她的朋友才能加入游戏。有时候，Belinda会把iPad上所有的应用程序都删掉，因为她担心自己泄露了太多信息，比如出生日期和照片。现在，当她下载应用程序时，她不用自己的真实出生日期。由此可推知，Belinda是谨慎的。故选D.]4.B[主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，在他的书中，McCrindle 说：“在某些方面，阿尔法一代无意中成为全球实验的一部分，在这个实验中，从孩子最小的时候起，屏幕就摆在他们的面前，所以我们应该注意设备的成瘾特性和网络安全。”由此可知，最后一段主要讲述了MoCrindle的担忧。故选B.] B(2022·广东省广州市第五中学高三月考)Each of Apple's products such as the iPhone and the iPad sounds cool and has become a fashion. Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i”， and many other brands are following suit. The BBC iPlayer, which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet, used the title in 2008. A lovely bear-popular in the US and the UK-that plays music and video is called iTeddy. A simplified version of The Independent was launched in 2010 under the name“i”。In general, single-letter prefixes(前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use. Most “i" products are aimed at young people and considering the major readers of The Independent's sister paper “i”， it's no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name.But it's hard to see what's so special about the letter “i”。 Why not use “a”， “b”，or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, former Director of the Language Centre at King's College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become unclear. “ When Apple uses 'I', no one knows whether it means the Internet, information, individual or interactive,” Thorne told BBC Magazines, “Even when Apple created the iPad, it seems it didn't have one clear definition," he said.“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now connected with portability(轻便)，＂added Thorne. Clearly the letter "i" also agrees with the idea that the Western world is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and they love personalized products for this reason. Along with “Google" and “blog", readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.But as history shows, people grow tired of fashion. From the 1900s to the 1990s, products with “2000"in their names became fashionable as the year was connected with all things advanced and modern.However, as we entered the new century, the trend unavoidably disappeared.5.Why do people use iPlayer?A. To listen to music.B. To make a call.C. To watch TV programs online.D. To read newspapers.6.What is The Independent's sister paper “i” aimed at?A. Engineers.B. Young readers.C. Fashionable women.D. Old readers.7. Nowadays, the term “i” often makes people think of the products which are_________.A. easy to carryB. environmentally friendlyC. advancedD. personalized8.What is implied in the last paragraph?A. "i" products are often of high qualityB. Actually nobody likes products with“2000C. Fashion is closely connected with time.D. The popularity of "i" products may not last long.答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广泛存在的以“i”开头的电子产品的情况，并分析了其背后的原因和发展的趋势。5.C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的＂The BBC iPlayer, which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet”可知，人们使用iPlayer 在网上看电视节目。故选C.]6.B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的＂Most 'i' products are aimed at young people and considering the major readers of The Independent’s sister paper 'i'”可知，大多数“i”产品都是针对年轻人的。款选B.]7.A［细节理解题。根据第五段中的＂thanks to Apple, the term is Bow connected with portability(轻便)”可知，这些产品都是方便携带的。软选A.]8.D［推理判新题。根据最后两段可知，作者用名字中带有“2000”的产品的例子说明，这样的时尚经常很快就过时了。由此可推知产品的流行可能不会持续太久。故选D.] 七选五(2022·山东省济南市高三月考)Have you ever seen a rushing car without a driver?  1  Companies like Google and Tesla have been designing and testing these cars.So how do they work? The cars have sensors all around which can detect other cars and obstacles in the road. Sensors on the wheels also help when parking, so the car knows how far it is from the kerb(马路牙子)or other parked cars. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems are used so the car knows how to get to your destination.  2  Sound like your idea of heaven? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film or reading a book while “driving" would be possible with this new technology.  3  They would drive more safely than people and they have quicker reaction time in case of an emergency.4  For example, computers would have difficulties making ethical(伦理的) decisions: if a child ran into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or swerve(突然转向) and potentially kill the car's passengers?Although being driven around by a machine would perhaps mean that no one needs a driving license, saving money for everyone, many people would be put out of a job by the dawn of driverless cars.  5  I'm not convinced I'd want a driverless car-but it's only a matter of time before they'll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads.A. All you have to do is type in the address!B. There would also be many legal decisions to be made.C. However, there are many drawbacks of driverless cars.D. Driverless cars have many advantages as well as disadvantages.E. It sounds crazy, but driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you.F. In addition, computers are generally more efficient drivers than humans.G. Bus, taxi, train and tram drivers as well as driving instructors would be made unnecessary. 1.___________     2. ___________     3. ___________     4. ___________     5. ___________   答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人驾驶汽车的优缺点，并预测了它即将被广泛使用的趋势。1.E [根据前文“Have you ever seen a rushing car without a driver?(你见过无人驾驶的疾驰汽车吗？)”可知，E项中的It指代前文“a rushing car without a driver”，E项(这听起来很疯狂，但无人驾驶汽车很快就会在你附近的道路上出现。)承接前文，符合语境。故选E.]2.A [根据前文“satellite navigation systems are used so the car knows how to get to your destination(卫星导航系统也被使用，所以汽车知道如何到你的目的地)”可知，无人驾驶汽车通过使用卫星导航系统确定目的地。A项(你所要做的就是输入地址！)承接前文，符合语境。故选A.]3.F [前文提到乘客在乘坐时的舒适，而后文表示无人驾驶技术在安全性和处理应急问题时的优势。F项(此外，计算机通常是比人类更有效率的驾驶员。)符合语境。故选F.]4.C [根据后文“For example, computers would have difficulties making ethical(伦理的)decisions(例如，计算机很难做出道德决策)”可知，本段说明了无人驾驶汽车的缺点。C项(然而，无人驾驶汽车也有很多缺点。)引出后文，符合语境。故选C.]5.G[前文表示许多司机会因为无人驾驶汽车而失业。G项(公共汽车、出租车、火车和有轨电车司机以及驾驶教练将不再需要。)承接前文，符合语境。故选G.] 在语篇中提升1.release(A篇第三段)         写出下列句中release的词性及含义①Police have released no further details about the accident. ___________②The movie goes on general release next week. ___________③The accident caused the release of radioactivity into the atmosphere. ___________④Perhaps one day your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy. ___________⑤She burst into tears, releasing all her depressed emotions. ___________2.take advantage of___________ (B篇第一段)      单句语法填空①A man who can speak English fluently has an advantage___________ others.②The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage___________ the college's chances and resources.3.aim n. ___________ vi.& vt. ___________ (B篇第三段)→aimless adj. ___________→aimlessly adv. ___________      单句语法填空①Marked on22 April, Earth Day is an annual event___________ (aim)to raise public awareness about environmental protection.②All our plans aim___________ (promote) the development of poor and remote communities.③It shows that local governments should have a professional and qualified team, which can offer scientific project evaluation and investment suggestions, to avoid___________ (aim) development.4.case n. ______________________ (七选五第三段)     (1)用case的相关短语完成句子①You don't like your job? ___________why don't you leave?②It may rain; you'd better take an umbrella just___________.(2)句型转换We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.→In no case___________ that goes against the interests of people.答案:1.发布，释放；松开；发泄 把(从·..·)释放／放走 发行电影／书 释放压力／发泄情感 释放；发行；排放；泄露 公开发行 最新发行的产品 轻松感，解脱感写出下列句中 release的词性及含义①vt.发布  ②n.发行；上映  ③n.排放；泄露  ④vt.释放  ⑤vt.发泄2.利用 利与弊 胜过，优于 make use of make the most of单句语法填空①over  ②of3.目的，目标 力争做到；目的是；针对 漫无目的的；没有目标的 漫无目的地；没有目标地 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标 以····为目标；意在／旨在···意图／企图／旨在做某事单句语法填空①aiming  ②to promote  ③aimless4.状况，场合；事例，实例 假使；以防万一 假如发生；万一发生 无论如何 决不(位于句首部分倒装)这是常有的事 假使这样／那样的话(1)用case的相关短语完成句子①In that case  ②in case(2)句型转换should we do anything