2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（生命的意义与价值）

考点五 生命的意义与价值

第一步 精准刷题

阅读

A

(2022·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三月考卷(一))Besides Marie Curie, these women devoted their lives to science and made significant advances.

Caroline Herschel(1750-1848)

Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society.

Barbara McClintock(1902-1992)

While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s,Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. She continued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of com kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983.

Maria Goeppert Mayer(1906-1972)

A German immigrant to the US who studied at Johns Hopkins during the Great Depression, Maria Goeppert Mayer, born in 1906, continued her studies even when no university would employ her and went on to become a chemical physicist. Her most famous contribution to modern physics is discovering the nuclear shell of the atomic nucleus, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.

1. Who might Caroline Herschel be most grateful to for her achievements in astronomy?

A. Her parents.

B. Her brother.

C. The Royal Society.

D. Astronomers of her time.

2. How did Barbara McClintock draw the final conclusion?

A. By tasting corn kernels.

B. By making rough guesses.

C. By making careful observations.

D. By researching at universities.

3.Who was the first woman Nobel Prize winner?

A. Caroline Herschel.

B. Barbara McClintock.

C. Maria Goeppert Mayer.

D. Marie Curie.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了科学界三位伟大的女性以及她们所做出的巨大贡献和成就。

1.B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Later, her brother switched careers from singing…Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right.(后来，她的哥哥改变了职业，不再唱歌，而是进入了天文学领域。Caroline卡罗琳)紧随其后。除了协助她哥哥进行观测和建造望远镜外，Caroline 自己也成为一名出色的天文学家。)”可推知，Caroline Herschel(卡罗琳，赫歇尔)在天文学方面的成就可能最要感谢她的哥哥。故选B.]

2.C [细节理解题。根据 Barbara McClintock(芭芭拉·麦克林托克)部分中的“It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes.(就是在那里，在观察了几代玉米粒的着色模式之后，她确定基因可以在染色体内部和染色体之间移动。)”可知，Barbara McClintock是通过仔细的观察而得出最终结论的。故选C.]

3.D [细节理解题。根据 Maria Goeppert Mayer(玛丽亚·格佩特·梅耶)部分中的“She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.(她是继居里夫人之后第二位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。)”可知，居里夫人是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选D.]

B

(2022·河北省省级联测高三第一次考试)After the recent storms, many Texans have been in desperate need of a plumber(管道工)。 Unfortunately, with pipes burst all over the state, and plumbing materials difficult to find, many families have been left without water and with their homes flooded.

In response to the cry for help from overwhelmed plumbers in the south, Andrew Mitchell and his family loaded up their car with $ 2,000 worth of materials and drove down to Texas to help.

The plumber, his wife, Kisha Pinnock, their two-year-old son, and brother-in-law, also his apprentice(学徒)，Isiah Pimnock, made the 22-hour journey from their home in New Jersey with all the materials they could financially afford. Their first stop was to help Pinnock's sister in Humble, Texas.

From there, Mitchell and his apprentice-who is actually a college senior-went to other homes to help. Mitchell's wife said that the pair would come in at 2 am and head back out at 7:30 in the morning.

“It's really a blessing to be a blessing to other people and Andrew truly enjoys the work,” she explained, adding, “plumbing is his passion”。The family has been in Texas for nearly a week, and they wish to continue helping others as long as they have the materials to do so. “There's a huge need for their services lot of the people we've helped were telling us they either can't get a plumber on the phone or-if they do get one on the phone-the wait to be serviced is three to four weeks out, so they can't have water during that entire time," Pinnoek pointed out.

Mitchell has said that he might make a return trip, so that he can comtinue to be the blessing he truly has been to his southern neighbors.

4.What is a challenge in repairing the pipes?

A. The damage is too serious.

B. The area is too large.

C. The lack of materials.

D. The place is too remote.

5.At whose request did Mitchell come to Texas to help?

A The plumbers in Texas.

B. The residents in Texas.

C. The government of Texas.

D. The members of his family. 6.What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

A. Isiah Pinnock is a college graduate.

B. Mitchell has only a few hours to sleep.

C. It's boring to repair the damaged pipes.

D. Mitchell's wife doesn't want him to do it.

7. Why did Mitchell say that he might make a return trip?

A. To get more blessings.

B. To get some relaxation.

C. To fetch more materials.

D. To find more people in need.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了暴风雨之后，管道工Andrew Mitchell(安德鲁·米切尔)千里驰援，帮助得克萨斯州的居民们修理水管的感人故事。

4.C[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“plumbing materials difficult to find(管道材料很难找到)”可知，受灾地区的困难之一是修理需要的材料短缺。故选C.]

5.A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In response to the cry for help from overwhelmed plumbers in the south”可知，Mitchell 是为了回应不堪重负的得克萨斯州管道工们的求助而来的。故选A.]

6.B [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the pair would come in at 2 am and head back out at 7:30 in the morning(这两个人会在凌晨2点进来，然后在早上7点半离开)”可推知，Mitchell每天只有几个小时的睡眠时间。故选B.]

7.C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“and they wish to continue helping others as long as have the materials to do so(他们希望继续帮助别人，只要他们有材料)”可推知，Mitchell回去是为了取更多的材料。故选C.]

七选五

Slash(斜杠)Careers

What is your job? Are you a teacher or a businessperson? Or maybe you are a lawyer/writer or a teacher/photographer.  1  The term“ slash career” comes from the punctuation mark (标点符号)－a slash that comes between job titles.

People with slash careers often have a primary job that provides for most of their needs. The primary job usually comes before the slash.  2  This secondary job can help supplement income.

Why would anyone want more than one job? Some people look to their jobs for opportunities to develop their interests. But most people have too many interests for one job. Secondary jobs can be enjoyable if they include interests that the primary job doesn't touch, Some people who encourage slash careers say they actually help with work-life balance.  3 

On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous for work-life balance.  4  One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one's family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about how they use their time. This includes knowing when to stop working.

The clear advantage of slash careers is the extra income that secondary jobs provide. It's always helpful to have a little extra money to spend or to save.

5  With a slash career, losing one's job does not mean losing one's entire income. Or a secondary job may be so successful that it can turn into one's primary job.

If your interests stretch beyond your ordinary job, a slash career may work for you.

A. Slash careers provide extra money.

B. Slash careers also make one's life more stable.

C. Taking more than one job can fill up all of your time.

D. If you have more than one job, you have a slash career.

E. It shows the person is creative and willing to work hard.

F. The job after the slash is often based on a person's interests.

G. That's because they can give people an opportunity to express themselves.

1.___________     2. ___________     3. ___________     4. ___________     5. ___________    

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。“斜杠职业”中的斜杠来自标点符号，而“斜杠职业”则指有除自己主业之外的其他工作，用来增加自己的收入。然而，“斜杠职业”有利有弊。

1.D [根据设空后一句中的The term“ slash career”并结合语境可知，此处意在为slash career下定义，D项(如果你有不止一个职业，那你就是有“斜杠职业”承前启后，符合文意。故选D.]

2.F [根据设空前一句中的“before the slash”可知，本段前两句是在介绍斜杠前的主业，F项介绍斜杠后的副业，与设空后一句街接。故选F.]

3.G [设空前一句指出，一些支持从事斜杠职业的人认为斜杠职业可以帮助实现工作与生活的平衡。设空处应是对该内容进一步的解释。故选G.]

4.C [本段主要论述斜杠职业的弊端，即；它会打破工作和生活之间的平衡。结合设空后一句可知，一个人会因为从事斜杠职业而放弃自己的娱乐，锻炼及与家人在一起的时间，C项(从事不止一份工作能占满你的时间。)符合语境。故选C.]

5.B [设空处为段首句，应是对本段内容的概括。设空后的内容表述拥有斜杠职业的话，失业不代表失去了所有的收入来源，副业成功的话甚至可以转为主业。由此可知，斜杠职业可以使人的生活更加稳定。故选B.]

第二步 精深学习

阅读

A

(2021·重庆八中高三期中)Some of my earliest memories of Mother come from the time we lived in Prairie Village. I was about 3 years old. Mother would take me on nature hikes along the small river's banks.

In the bushes we found insects, cocoons(茧) and butterflies. She made a butterfly net for me. While running after a butterfly in our back yard, I put the net down. Mother and I built snowmen, much taller than I, and we laughed aloud after a snowball fight. In the season of rain and flowers, singing birds and sunny mornings, the cocoon broke open, and a brilliant white butterfly came out.

One of our favorite books was “The Tale of Mr Jeremy Fisher.”I would sit at Mother's side as she read the story. I consider the years spent with Mother “On the River” a foundation to a lifelong interest in science, inspiring me, in part, to choose a career in medicine. I recall sitting with Mom on the front of the house in Baldwin late one June evening. Dad's taillights were disappearing quickly as he drove off to see his Dad, who was dying in Garnett.

Mom said, “Oh, kids, we're only here for such a short time ...”Her words were also kind of scary to me at the time, because what I heard her say was that we are all destined (注定) to die, and she had told me once before that she was afraid to die. I guessed her message was more than “Our life on earth is short and we are all destined to die”。 She meant that “Make the most of life while you can, here on earth. Reach for the stars!” Mother also said "Oh, kids! We'll have the stars!” She had 5 of the stars she'd brought onto this earth. In 1963,6th star was added, named Kip.

All of us did well in our life. 1971 found me attending Baker University, and I found a star and married her in the middle of medical school. I have added four more stars: Dean, Christine, Dan, and Dave. Dean found a star and married her. He and Shakeena now have 3 stars: Demetrius, Olivia, and Maxwell. Mom loved babies, children, and youth so much ...We have the stars!

1.When the writer was three years old, his mother___________.

A. taught him a lot of knowledge

B. taught him how to enjoy himself

C. took him to get close to nature

D. let him catch butterflies every day

2.What has a great effect on the writer's career later?

A. His mother's words.

B. His grandfather's death.

C. The book his mom read.

D. His life in his childhood.

3.What is the writer's understanding of his mother's message?

A. Live a happy life and try your best.

B. Make full use of your time and aim high.

C. Enjoy yourself and be a star in the future.

D. Enjoy your life to the full length and be happy.

4.We can learn from this passage that___________.

A. the writer's mother was not afraid to die at all

B. the writer's grandpa died on that late night in June

C. Shakeena is the writer's daughter-in-law

D. Olivia must be the writer's mother's grandchild

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者小时候，他的妈妈总是带他亲近大自然，这对他后来的职业生涯有很大影响。妈妈的话让他明白了人活在世上要充分利用时间，树立远大目标。

1.C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“I was about 3 years old. Mother would take me on nature hikes along the small river's banks,”可知，作者三岁时，妈妈带着作者走进自然界，接近自然。故选C

2.D [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“I consider the years spent with Mother other 'On the River' a found foundation to a lifelong interest in science, inspiring me, in part, to choose a career in medicine.”可知，作者认为童年时期和妈妈在河边远足，走进自然的记忆对自己的职业生涯有巨大的影响。故选D.]

3.B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I guessed her message was more than 'Our life on earth is short and we are all destined to die'. She meant that 'Make the most of life while you can, here on earth. Reach for the stars!'”可知，作者理解母亲的意思是充分利用生命，并且树立远大的目标。故选B.]

4.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四、五句“I have added four more stars: Dean, Christine, Dan, and Dave. Dean found a star and married her. He and Shakeena now have 3 stars: Demetrius, Olivia, and Maxwell.”可推知，Dean(迪恩)是作者的儿子，Shakeena(沙吉娜)是迪恩的妻子，所以Shakeena是作者的儿媳妇。故选C.]

B

(2022·湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三月考)After spending years competing as a marathon mountain runner and cross-country skier, Gudrun Pflueger devoted herself to tracking wolves as a field biologist in Canada's backcountry.

And her research and encounters with the Canadian coastal wolves led to the 2010 Smithsonian Channel documentary(纪录片)A Woman Among Wolves.

Less than a month after filming along British Columbia's islands, Pflueger, then 33, was diagnosed with a brain tumor(瘤) and told she might have only 18 months to live.

Surgeons removed a golf ball-size tumor, and Pflueger, now promoting her Smithsonian Channel follow-up, Running With Wolves, credits wolves with helping inspire her recovery.

“I really believe the encounter with the wolves in the wilderness was a powerful medicine. They gave me strength,” says Pflueger, now 37,whose life-threatening encounter with a coastal wolf pack was highlighted in the earlier film.

“Most people see them as bad, as killing machines. But they are part of nature. They have some of the same characteristics as we do-determination, courage, a strong will to live.”

Running With Wolves was filmed over parts of 2011-2012, while Pflueger was regaining her physical strength. It tracks her inspirational but hard return to Canada's coast.

“It's rare for filmmakers to go back, but people can relate to this story on all sorts of levels," says Smithsonian Channel's chief programmer, David Royle. “Gudrun was a world-class athlete who is fun and energetic. She's enthusiastic about a species that's been misrepresented. And you come away feeling inspired by her courage and bravery recovering from cancer.”

“We want to draw attention to women scientists. They're underrepresented at the top level," he says. “ We also wanted to challenge stereotypes(成见)that women scientists are unimportant."

5.In A Woman Among Wolves, Pflueger is shown as a person who___________.

A. fights against dangerous wolves in the wild

B. recovers from cancer by living among wolves

C. is a marathon runner and cross-country skier

D. studies the behavior of wolves in the wild

6.What was Plueger's main purpose in returning to Canada's coast?

A. To help to film the documentary.

B. To compete as a marathon runner.

C. To protect the wolves from being hunted.

D. To beat cancer by finding inspiration among wolves.

7.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 indicates that the filmmakers___________.

A. seldom go back when making a film

B. had great trouble filming the documentary

C. filmed another documentary about Pflueger

D. have no plan to film another documentary

8.What does David Royle really mean by what he says in the last paragraph?

A. Pflueger is brave.

B. Pflueger is energetic.

C. Pflueger is outstanding.

D. Pflueger is enthusiastic.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。野外生物学家 Gudrun Pflueger(古德伦·普吕格尔)致力于在加拿大的偏远地区追踪狼，后来身患癌症，又投身于野生狼的研究，她认为狼帮助她恢复了健康，文章还介绍了 Smithsonian Channel(史密森频道)的电影制片人为她拍摄的两部电影纪录片。

5.D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Gudrun Pflueger devoted herself to tracking wolves as a field biologist in Canada's backcountry(Gudrun Pflueger作为一名野外生物学家，致力于在加拿大的偏远地区追踪狼)”以及第二段“And her research and ... A Woman Among Wolves.(她的研究和与加拿大海岸狼的接触促成了2010年 Smithsonian Channel的纪录片《狼群中的女人》。)”可知，在《狼群中的女人》中，Pflueger被描绘成一个研究野生狼行为的人。故选

6.D[推理判断题。根据第四段“Surgeons removed a golf ball-size tumor...credits wolves with helping inspire her recovery.(外科医生切除了一个高尔夫球大小的肿瘤，正在宣传 Smithsonian Channel 后续节目《与狼同行》的Pflueger 认为是狼帮助她恢复了健康。)”可推知，Pllueger回到加拿大海岸的主要目的是通过在狼群中寻找灵感来战胜癌症。故选D.]

7.C [句意理解题。根据第二段“And her research and encounters with...A Woman Among Woles.”以及第四段“Surgeons removed a golf ball-size tumor.. with helping inspire her recovery.”可知，Smithsonian Channel的电影制片人已经拍摄了有关Pflueger的纪录片 A Woman Among Wolres,此次又拍摄了同一题材的纪录片Running With Wolees,这类情况很少见，其目的是让人们多层面地了解有关Pflueger与狼打交道的经历。由此可推知，画线句“It's rare for filmmakers to go back”表示电影制作人很少重复拍摄同一内容的影片。故选C.]

8.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We want to draw attention to women scientists. They're underrepresented at the top level(我们希望引起人们对女科学家的关注。她们在高层没有话语权)”以及“We also wanted to challenge stereotypes(成见)that women scientists are unimportant.(我们也要挑战女科学家不重要的成见。)”可推知，David Royle(大卫·罗伊尔)认为Pflueger是杰出的。故选C.]

七选五

(2022·广东省广州市广雅中学期中考试)I had introduced the octopus award early in the school year,  1  The class was curious as I called him forward. I was holding a paper in one hand and an octopus in the other.

I said, "You did very well on this math test. For showing so much improvement, you've earned the very first octopus award. But there's one more thing," Not being sure what this was all about, he asked, "What?"I held out his paper and added,"  2  " h meant there was no paper to take home to show his parents. Instead, he would have the admiration of his classmates as the first winner of this world.

By the end of the year, only the quiet little girl had not won an octopus. I knew I couldn't make up a reason to reward her.  3 

One Friday afternoon, I gave a simple assignment. “Draw any picture of your choice.  4  " I collected their papers and took them home to review. When I saw the little girl's paper, I got excited. She had drawn a simple blue sky and green grass by a pond. On a path nearby were three people side by side. One was using crutches, one was in a wheelchair, and one had no obvious physical need.

Above her drawing she had written:“ The sky is blue. The grass is green. And all the people are different.”Bingo! I couldn't wait to get to class to make a trade-an octopus for this drawing. The look of joy when I called her forward was worth the wait.

5  What has remained is her simple wisdom, treasured in my heart. It helped me develop a variety of relationships that I enjoy, just because “all the people are different.”

A. Are you willing to let me keep this test paper?

B. My second-graders were so smart for that.

C. My first winner was a little boy.

D. Do you want to get any of other awards?

E. Write a few words to tell me about it.

F. I'm retired now, and her paper was lost in one of my many moves.

G. These small kids were a little easier to take in.

1.___________     2. ___________     3. ___________     4. ___________     5. ___________    

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。身为老师的作者讲述了自己和班里最后一个获得章鱼奖的小女孩的故事。

1.C [根据上文“I had introduced the octopus award early in the school year.(我在学年初就推出了章鱼奖。)”和下文“The class was curious as I called him forward.(当我叫他上前时，全班同学都很好奇。)”可知，获奖者是一个男生，C项中的“winner”和“a little boy”与下文“him”相呼应，C项(我的第一个获奖者是个小男孩。)承上启下，符合语境。故选C.]

2.A [根据下文“It meant there was no paper to take home to show his parents.(这意味着他不能把试卷带回家给父母看。)”可知，作者想要留下他的试卷，A项(你愿意让我留着这张试卷吗？)符合语境。故选A.]

3.B [根据上文“By the end of the year, only the quiet little girl had not won an octopus. I knew I couldn't make up a reason to reward her.(到年底，只有那个安静的小女孩没有赢得章鱼奖。我知道我无法编造一个理由来奖励她。)”可知，设空处解释原因，即：学生很聪明，如果作者编造理由的话，就会被识破，B项(我的二年级学生很聪明。)符合语境。故选B.]

4.E [根据上文“One Friday afternoon, I gave a simple assignment.＇Draw any picture of your choice.'(一个星期五的下午，我布置了一个简单的作业。“画任何你喜欢的东西。＇)”可知，作者布置的任务是画一幅画，设空处在引号里，也是任务的内容。E项中的“it”指代上文的“picture”，E项(写几个字告诉我关于画的内容。)符合语境。故选E.]

5.F[根据下文“What has remained is her simple wisdom, treasured in my heart.(她纯朴的智慧仍在，珍藏在我的心中。)”可知，此处说明这幅画现在已经不在了，F项中的“lost”与下文的“remaine”形成对照，F项(我现在退休了，她的卷子在我多次搬家中丢失了。)符合语境。故选F.]

在语篇中提升

1.inspire vt. ______________________(A篇第三段)

→inspiring adj. ____________→inspiring adj. ____________→inspiration n. ___________

(1)单句语法填空

①As a general, he inspired great loyalty____________ his troops.

②Dreams can be a rich source of____________ (inspire) for an artist.

③He tried to inspire them____________ (make) greater effort.

(2)一句多译

那位父亲激发了儿子的信心。

The father________________________.

＝The father________________________.

2.determinationn. ________________________ (B篇第六段)

(1)单句语法填空

①He was determined____________ (build) a new life out of the ruins of his career.

②Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more ____________ (determine).

③It's heartening to see the____________ (determine) of these young people.

④From the____________ expression on his face, we knew that he was to take up the job, which needed great patience and____________ (determine)

(2)翻译

She's sure to get the job she wants-she's a very determined person.

她一定能得到她想要的工作-________________________.

3. admiration n. ________________________ (七选五第二段)

→admirable adj. ____________→admire vt____________.

(1)单句语法填空

①Through the exhibition, not only can you____________ (admirable)wonderful pictures, but also enable you understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.

②We all____________ you for your____________ communication skills; besides, your kindness has also won the

____________ of us. (admire)

(2)翻译

We stopped on the mountain pass to admire the scenery.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. obvious adj. ________________________ (七选五倒数第三段)

→obviously adv. ____________.

(1)单句语法填空

When she got up from the table, it was____________ (obvious) the signal for us to leave.

(2)翻译

①There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

②很明显，我们不想花太多的钱。

____________________________________________________________________________________________

答案:

1.激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，激发(想法)受···影响的；能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的 鼓舞人心的 鼓舞；灵感 激励某人做某事 激发某人产生·感觉／情感

(1)单句语法填空

①in   ②inspiration   ③to make

(2)一句多译

inspired confidence in his son; inspired his son with confidence

2.决定；毅力 坚定的，坚决的 决定做某事(使)决定 决定做某事

(1)单句语法填空

①to build   ②determined   ③determination   ④determined; determined; determination

(2)翻译

她是一个非常坚定的人3.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 令人钦佩的；极其出色的 钦佩；欣赏

(1)单句语法填空

①admire   ②admire; admirable; admiration

(2)翻译

我们在山口停下来欣赏风景。

4.明显的，显然的，明白的 显然，明显地

(1)单句语法填空

obviously

(2)翻译

①东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。

②Obviously, we don't want to spend too much money.