2022年中考英语非谓语动词专讲（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语非谓语动词专讲（含答案），共10页。试卷主要包含了疑问词＋不定式，不定式的被动式如，分词形式，语法功能，现在分词和过去分词的区别，过去分词的基本用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

语法功能： 1）主语：T master a freign language is very imprtant.
2）表语：My jb is t drive them t the cmpany every day.
3）宾语：D yu want t visit the Great Wall? Can yu give us sme advice n what t d next?
4）宾补：The teacher advised us t have a rest first. I didn´t ntice them cme in.
5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Wh was the first ne t set t the tp f the hill yesterday? /He is the man t depend n/t believe in.
6）状语： A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day in rder t/ s as t /t imprve her English.
注：in rder t 可以位于句首或句中，s as t 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： I’m glad t see yu .
C．结果状语：They lived t see the liberatin f their hme twn.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“t…t…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is t weak t d the wrk.
注：t之前如果有nly, nly t 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are nly t lucky t g abrad fr a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，t后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was t happy t meet her ld friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enugh＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strng enugh t d the wrk .
4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。
如：Hw t finish the wrk in time is a prblem.（主语）We dn’t knw when and where t g .（宾语）
6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：
1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如：
She hpes t g there again.（在谓语动作之后）
It is necessary and imprtant t read English every day.（无时间限制）
The factry t make radis is ver there.（无时间限制）
2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如：I’m srry t have kept yu waiting. /She seems t have been a teacher fr many years.
3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.
如：She happened t be writing a letter in the rm when I cme in.
7．不定式的被动式如：What is t be dne is unknwn. /The bridge t be bulit there is very lng.
分词
1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：
一般主动式ding, 一般被动式being dne, 完成主动式having dne,完成被动式having been dne
2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。
3．现在分词和过去分词的区别：
1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the mving film 动人的电影，the mved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器， a stlen car 一辆被盗的汽车
2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。
如：a develping cuntry 发展中的国家，a develped cuntry发达的国家
4．现在分词的基本用法：
一般主动式用法：
A．作定语：The sleeping child is nly five years ld.(＝The child wh is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl wh is writing a letter can…)
The factry making TV sets is very large.(＝The factry which makes TV sets is very large.)
B．作表语：The stry sunds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
如：We can see steam rising frm the wet clthes. /I saw Tm cming ut f the huse. /Dn´t keep the students ding hmewrk all day.
注：例如：I heard them singing in the rm when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) D yu ften hear them sing in the rm ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. d sth. 与have sb. ding sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“emply（雇用）”意。如：
I’ll have him g with me.我将让他和我一块去。
I’ll have him wrking in my cmpary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Dn’t have the machine wrking all day .不要让机器整天工作。
D．作状语：
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I culdn’t help thinking f my schl life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didn’t g t schl yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary std at the schl gate waiting fr Betty.
2）完成主动式用法：这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.如：Having finished her hmewrk, she went t bed. /Nt having received his letter, she wrte t him again.
3）一般被动式用法：表示正在发生的被动动作
如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car can’t be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.)
完成被动式用法：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作
如：Having been praised a secnd time ,I decided t make still greater prgress.
5．过去分词的基本用法：
1）作定语：The stlen car was fund by the plice last week.
2）作表语：The glass is brken. /When I gt t the classrm,the dr was lcked.
3）作宾补：Yu must have/get yur hair cut.
4）作状语：Given mre time ,we can d the wrk much better.
6．独立主格结构：当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。
如：The bell ringing, we all stpped talking.(＝When the bell rang,we all stpped talking.)
There being n bus, we had t walk hme. (＝There was n bus ,s we had t walk hme.)
7．使用现在分词的几个注意点：
作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：
Standing n tp f the tall building, we culd see the whle city.（正） (Standing＝When we std)
Standing n tp f the tall building, the whle city culd be seen.（误）
<2>现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：
现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：
D yu see the hspital being built / built there?
The cntinent cnnected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。
作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：
Being led(＝Led )by the Party, the Chinese peple have wn great victries.
作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。
如：The sldiers lay n the grund, cvered with nthing.
作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。
如：Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the prblem was settled at last.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。如： Nt having been invited, she had t stay at hme.
(5)在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。如：I’ll have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut) He gt his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或t be repaired)
8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式
已学的心理状态动词有：astnish, bre, delight, disappint, discurage, encurage, excite, frighten, interest, mve, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, shck, tire ,truble, upset ,wrry它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a bring reprt,a tiring walk。
它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,/I’m tired.但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expressin一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened vice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。
动名词
动名词的基本用法：
作主语：Talking is easier than ding. /it isn’t necessary explaining t him. /It’s n use waiting here.
作表语：My hbby（爱好）is cllecting stamps . /His jb is washing and cking.
作宾语：He has given up smking. /We ften d ur cleaning n Saturday afternn. /Are yu fnd f dancing?作定语：This is her father´s walking stick.
动名词的复合结构：his/him wrking there, Wang Dng’s/Wang Dng wrking there
语法功能：
作主语：Yur smking t much will d harm t yur health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Yur不可改为Yu。）
作宾语：I dn’t like his/him staying with us.
作表语：My jy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）.
在remember, frget, regret, excuse, aplgize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。
如：I remember lending/ having lent him sme mney befre.
He frgt prmising /having prmised me that. /After finishing his hmewrk,he went ut fr a walk.
动名词的被动式
如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。
如：The prblem is far frm being settled.
动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较
作主语：(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝T see is t believe.
Talking is easy and ding is difficult.＝T talk is easy and t d is difficult.
(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：It tk him tw hurs t finish the wrk. T be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：Getting up early is a gd habit.
<2>作宾语：有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多：begin, start, cntinue, lve, prefer等。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hpe, expect, demand, refuse, decide.有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist n,enjy, escape, cnsider, can´t help, admit, avid, mind, miss, practise, put ff（延迟）＝delay, suggest. feel like, lk frward t, devte…t(ding),be wrth.
(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：frget, remember, regret, stp, mean, try, want, need, require, g n
A.frget t d sth. 忘记要做某事
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事＝frget having dne sth.＝frget t have dne sth.
B.remember t d sth. 记住要做某事 remember ding sth.记住做过某事
C.regret t d sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret ding sth. 懊悔做了某事
D.stp t d sth. 停下（原事）去做某事stp ding sth. 停止做某事
非谓语动词专练
1.______ mre attentin,the trees culd have grwn better.
A.T give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving
2.The first textbks ______ fr teaching English as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
A.t be written B.written C.being written D.having written
3.The missing bys were last seen ______ near the river.
A.t play B.play C.t be playing D.playing
4.______ in thught,he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
A.T lse B.Lst C.Having lst D.Lsing
5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.
A.t see B.nt having seen C.t have nt seen D.nt t have seen
6.The children insisted ______ there n ft.
A.they ging B.they wuld g C.n their ging D.ging
7.He still remembers ______ t Shanghai when he was very yung.
A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken
8.______ the railway statin,we had a break,nly ______ the train had left.
A.Arriving at;t find B.Cming t;discvering that
C.On arriving at;finding ut D.Hurrying t;t have fund ut
9.With the by ______ the way,we had n truble ______ the way ______ t Zhngshan Park.
A.leading;finding;leading B.t lead;fund;t lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;fund;led
10.______ these pictures,I culdn´t help thinking f thse days when I was in Being and ______ frm the tp f a thirty-streyed building,Beijing lks mre beautiful.
A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen
11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)
A.t have sailed B.t sail C.sailing D.sail
12.If yu wave yur bk in frnt f yur face,yu can feel the air ______ against yur face.(MET)
A.mved B.mving C.mves D.t mve
13.______ is knwn t all,China will be an ______ and pwerful cuntry in 20 r 30 years´ time.
A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing
14.While shpping,peple smetimes can´t help ______ int buying smething they dn´t really need.
A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded
15.There was terrible nise ______ the sudden burst f light.(MET)
A.fllwed B.fllwing C.t be fllwed D.being fllwed
Ⅰ. 填空, 填入动名词的适当形式.
1.Can yu imagine yurself ______ in a lnely island? (stay)
2.I can't understand yur ______ at that pr child.(laugh)
3.She didn't mind _______ vertime.(wrk)
4.T make a living, he tried _______, ________,and varius ther things,
but he had failed in all .(write; paint)
5.We are lking frward t Mary's________ . (cme) .
6.She was praised fr _______ the life f the child.(save)
7.She ught t be praised instead f ______ (criticize).
8.Is there any pssibility f ur ______ the champinship?(win)
9.He came t the party withut _______(invite)
10. Dn’t keep me __________(wait) fr a lng time.
Ⅲ．根据句意改写句子
1．The ld man is s ld that he can’t wrk.
The ld man is t ld .
2. I dn’t knw hw I can get t the TV factry.
I dn’t knw t the TV factry.
3. Mr. Green went back t England fr a hliday.
Mr. Green went back t England a hliday.
Mike hpes he can visit the Great Wall n day.
Mike hpes the Great Wall ne day.
Des he say anything fr himself at the meeting?
Des he have anything fr himself at the meeting?
He is s strng that he can carry the heavy bx.
He is strng the heavy bx.
He spent tw hurs ding the wrk.
It him tw hurs the wrk.
8. It’s time fr schl.
It’s time schl.
（I）根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的单词，使短文的意思完整，需填单词的第一个字母已经给出。
Are yu able t send a letter with pictures and sunds t smene anywhere in the wrld withut putting a stamp n it? W______(1) e-mail yu can just d that. Using a c______(2) yu can send e-mail quickly and easily. The pst is much s______(3) than e-mail. E-mail can send i______(4) message t the ther side f the wrld in secnds.
E-mail is easy t use and it s______(5) time and mney. The differences in time in different parts f the wrld, d nt matter w_______(6) sending e-mail. It is twenty-fur-hur service that yu can send e-mail at any time f the day r n_______(7). N ne has t be t_______(8) t receive e-mail. It d_______(9) matter if yur friends are in bed when yu send e-mail t them, r yu are seeing a f_______(10) at the cinema when they send e-mail back.

非谓语动词专练答案
1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A 21―25 A D B C A
参考答案I、(B) 1.staying 2.laughing 3.wrking
4.writing; painting 5.cming 6.having saved
7.being criticized 8.winning 9.being invited
10. waiting 11. cutting 12. reading
13. perating 14.talking 15. helping
16.eating 17. listening 18.buying
19.laughing 20. ging
Ⅲ.1. t wrk 2. hw t get 3. t have 4. t visit 5. t say 6. enugh t carry
7. tk, t d
I【答案与解析】
本文介绍了发e-mail的优点。
1. With。把问题和答语结合起来考虑可知，要表达的是“有了e-mail，就可以做得到这点了”。此处介词with意为“有”。
2. cmputer。能够发e-mail的当然是电脑了。
3. slwer。根据下文用e-mail可以在几秒钟内就可将信息可发往世界各地，可见邮局邮寄比发email要慢得多。
4. its。指e-mail所邮件所携带的信息。
5. saves。又快又不用贴邮票当然是节省时间和金钱了。
6. when。由下文24小时都可发，可见无论何时发都没关系。
7. night。24小时当然包括白天和黑夜。
8. there。由后文可知，无论你发给朋友或者朋友发给你，你或他可以在别的地方，而不必在电脑旁。
9. desn’t 由后文可知，是没有关系。另外，matter用作动词时，一般只用于疑问句或者否定句，此处不是疑问句，那就应是否定句了。
10. film。由at the cinema可知是在看电影了。