2022年中考英语语法复习定语从句语法专项讲义

定语从句1.基本概念【考点一】句子结构简单句（只有一套主谓结构）（1）主 + 谓例：I sleep.（2）主 ＋ 谓 ＋ 宾例：I study English.（3）主 ＋ 谓 ＋  间 宾  ＋ 直 宾例：例：He gave me a offer.（4）主 ＋ 谓 ＋ 宾 ＋ 宾 补例：He makes me delighted.（即双宾语结构，人一般为间接宾语,物为直接宾语）（5）主 ＋ 系 ＋ 表例：I am a teacher. 并列句 ①表递进：and, not only...but also...., neither...nor...例：She not only dances well but also sings well.Neither do I know his address, nor do my parents.②表选择：or, either...or.....例：You can stay here, or you can leave.Either you leave or I leave.③表转折：but, yet例：He tried his best, but he failed.④表因果：so, for例：I must be off now, for my sister is waiting for me.I work hard, so I was able to pass the exam.复合句①定语从句：The ∧ girl (who has long hair）is beautiful.划线部分作用相同，即定语从句起到形容词的作用②状语从句：(时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、 方式、比较)例：I always want to eat something tasty recently.I always want to eat something tasty when I’m hungry.作用相同，即状从起副词作用③名词性从句：（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 例：The news made me crazy.（What he said）made me crazy.名词the news 和主语从句作用相同，皆充当主语,即名词性从句起名词作用 【考点二】定语从句基本概念定语：是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“…… 的”表示。定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即一个句子充当定语。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词：where, when, why 基本构成：The girl （who has long hair）is beautiful.先行词 关系词关系词作用：（1）连接作用（2）替代作用（替代先行词）（3）作句子中的成分【注意】：定从的关系词没有what 和 how，在定从中，它们就像过街的老鼠，人人喊打，出现就将其pass 【考点三】定语从句和先行词的判断方式定语从句： n. + (  + V1) + V2V1 + n. + (  + V2) 【注意】：根据动词划分句子是三大从句的基本判断方法先行词 ：能够放入到从句中构成一句话（可加介词和所有格） 2.限定性与非限定性定语从句1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限制修饰作用，是不可缺少的成分，去掉之后主句意义不完整。2.非限制性定语从句：先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，是对主句的补充说明，如果去掉，应该对整个句意没有影响。非限定定语从句相当于并列句，状语从句等。例：This is the house which we bought last month.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 3.关系代词的辨别 关系代词 指人 指物 subject (主语) object (宾语) attribute（定语） That √ √ √ √  Which  √ √ √  Who √  √ √  Whom √   √  whose √ √   √【考点一】who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语例：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.【考点二】whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略例：Green is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.【考点三】whose 指谁的，做先行词的定语例：He is the boy whose name is Jack.【考点四】which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略例：Football is a game which is liked by most boys. （注：填which、that）Football is a game which most boys like. （注：which/that/不填都可）【考点五】that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略例：Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.【注意】：（1）只用 that，不用which 的情况（最序不表疑,  免重人物重）：a、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时用that例：This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. b、当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时用that例：This train is the last that will go to Beijing. c、当先行词既有人又有物时用that例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about.d、先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时例：Tom told his mother all that had happened.e、先行词前面有the only, the very, the last 等修饰时例：This is the only book that I can find.【注意】：最常考的是“代高序+恰恰”,前提条件：先行词是“物”、缺宾语时可省略 4.关系副词的辨别【考点一】when 指时间, 在定语从句中做时间状语I still remember the day （when     I  first came to this school）.先行词  时间状语 主语  谓语  宾语I will never forget the days when we stayed together last yearwhich/that/不填 we spent together last year【考点二】where 主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语例 ：This is the village where he was born.that/which/不填 he visited last year【考点三】why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。（先行词是the reason）例：Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 5.解题方式【考点一】选用哪个关系词，关键看它在定从中做什么成分① He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.② He worked in the factory where his father had worded.③ I like the school which is near to my home.④ I like the school where my sister studies. 【考点二】选用关系词的方法：一断二找三放断：n. + (  + V 从)找：先行词、关系词① 找先行词，确定是人还是物② 在从句充当的成分，做主宾表定，关系代词放：从句 + 先行词还原成一句话分别是例：I once studied at the school.The school is the most famous in the city. 直接放入用关代,加介词用关副My father teaches English at the school.