2022天津市耀华中学高三下学期一模英语试题含答案

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天津市耀华中学2022届高三第一次校模拟考试
英语试卷
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试时间100分钟，第Ⅰ卷1页至8页，第Ⅱ卷9页至10页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. — Learning a language isn’t easy. It takes time.
— I agree. ________. There’s no shortcut.
A. Strike while the iron is hot B. All roads lead to Rome
C. Where there is a will, there is a way D. Rome wasn’t built in a day
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——学习一门语言并不容易。这需要时间。——我同意。冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。没有捷径。A. Strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁；B. All roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马；C. Where there is a will, there is a way有志者，事竟成；D. Rome wasn’t built in a day冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。结合句意和“There’s no shortcut.”可知要表达的是：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。故选D。
2. Father’s loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ________, putting others first.
A. cautious B. courageous C. considerate D. humorous
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲的慈爱和无私激励着我变得更加富有同情心和体贴，把别人放在第一位。A. cautious谨慎的；B. courageous勇敢的；C. considerate体贴的；D. humorous幽默的。根据“putting others first.”可知，父亲的慈爱和无私激励着自己变得更加富有同情心和体贴。故选C。
3. When Erin found a lost wallet on the bus, she ________ that going to a stranger’s house to return it was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance.
A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当艾琳在公共汽车上发现一个丢失的钱包时，她推测去陌生人家归还钱包是一个冒险的举动，但她决定冒险。A. disagreed不同意；B. complained抱怨；C. calculated预测、推测； D. recommended推荐。由常识可知， 人们可以推测去陌生人家归还钱包是一个冒险的举动。故选C项。
4. ________ there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone’s feet firmly on the ground.
A. While B. As long as C. Since D. In case
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然电子飞机行业已经取得了真正的进步，但仍然存在的技术挑战让每个人都牢牢地站在了地面上。A. While尽管；B. As long as只要；C. Since自从；D. In case以防。结合句意可知，用While引导让步状语从句。故选A项。
5. — What do you think of your journey to the seaside town?
— Everything is very fantastic, especially its fresh air, which is pleasant ________.
A. breathed B. being breathed C. to be breathed D. to breathe
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：——你觉得你去海滨小镇的旅行怎么样？——一切都很美妙，尤其是它的新鲜空气，呼吸起来很舒服。which引导非限制性定语从句指代先行词its fresh air，sth. be adj. + to do，breathe用动词不定式（to do）主动形式表被动形式。故选D项。
6. — Dad, you should have taken me to the football match this morning.
— I had intended to, but I ________ a report and couldn’t spare any time.
A. had written B. wrote C. was writing D. would write
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：——爸爸，今天早上你应该带我去看足球赛的。——我本来想去的，但我当时在写报告，抽不出时间来。根据时间状语“this morning(今天早晨)”可知，此处表示过去的动作，同时结合句意，此处表示今天早晨一直在写报告，因此需使用过去进行时，故选C。
7. The woman felt rather frustrated because her complaint was ________ as of no importance.
A. put away B. turned down C. set aside D. taken off
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位妇女感到相当沮丧，因为她的投诉被认为无关紧要而搁置一旁。A. put away收拾；B. turned down拒绝；C. set aside搁置一旁；D. taken off起飞。应该是“投诉被搁置一旁，无人理会”，这位妇女才感到相当沮丧。故选C项。
8. Angela reasoned with Simon, trying to persuade him to change his mind, but Simon ________ not listen to her.
A. can B. would C. must D. should
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论，试图说服他改变主意，但西蒙不愿听。A. can能、可以；B. would（表达愿望）会，将会；C. must必须；D. should应该。结合句意可知，此处用表达愿望的情态动词would。故选B项。
9. My success has taught me one thing: little steps ________ big dreams.
A. add up to B. catch up with C. throw light on D. give birth to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的成功教会了我一件事：小累积成就大梦想。A. add up to 积累，合计；B. catch up with 追赶上；C. throw light on 阐明；D. give birth to造成。根据“ little steps”以及“big dreams”可知，此处表示点滴积累成就梦想。故选A。
10. To make extra-class education run on the right track, China is tightening _____ of after-school training institutions.
A. application B. regulation
C. adaptation D. cooperation
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让课外教育走上正轨，中国正在加强对课外培训机构的管理。A. application申请；B. regulation管理；C. adaptation适应；D. cooperation合作。根据“To make extra-class education run on the right track”可知，此处表示的是“加强对课外培训机构的管理”。故选B。
11. — Why didn’t you come back last night? I waited all the night!
—________.You were playing games the whole night.
A. Don’t give me that B. Don’t lose your heart
C. Don’t trust to fortune D. Don’t dream away your time
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你昨晚为什么没回来？我等了一整夜！——别以为我会相信你。你整晚都在玩游戏。A. Don’t give me that别跟我来这一套、别以为我会相信你；B. Don’t lose your heart不要灰心；C. Don’t trust to fortune不要相信命运；D. Don’t dream away your time不要虚度光阴。结合说话一方回答“你整晚都在玩游戏”，说明说话一方并不相信另一方“等了自己一夜”。故选A项。
12. Since many former drug abusers have psychological problems, they often need support groups ________ they can talk about their struggles and find new ways to manage in the world.
A. which B. who C. where D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：由于许多前吸毒者有心理问题，他们经常需要支持小组，在那里他们可以谈论自己的斗争，并在世界上找到支撑的新方法。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是support groups，在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where。故选C项。
13. Happiness isn’t about what happens to us; it’s about ________ we see the things that happen to us.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：幸福不在于在我们身上发生了什么；它是关于我们如何看待发生在我们身上的事情。此处about为介词，后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how“如何”引导。故选B。
14. ________ to raise her three daughters, my mother retired from her job and moved to the countryside to enjoy the rest of her life.
A. Struggling B. Having struggled C. To struggle D. Struggled
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词完成式。句意：在努力抚养三个女儿之后，我母亲退休了，搬到农村去享受她的余生。本句已有并列谓语retired和moved且无连词，动词struggle用非谓语形式，逻辑主语my mother与动词struggle是主谓关系，且struggle发生在并列谓语retired和moved之前，struggle用现在分词完成式（having done）表主动，作状语。故选B项。
15. — What do you think of my lecture? I’m always nervous whenever I have to speak in public.
— Anyway, you ________ it off quite well.
A. carried B. would carry C. had carried D. have carried
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你觉得我的演讲怎么样？每当我必须在公共场合讲话时，我总是很紧张。——不管怎样，你做得很好。该空针对“What do you think of my lecture?”已经发生的事情进行提问，carry时态用一般过去时。故选A项。
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ebra Ferrell got the standard well wishes on social media on her 53rd birthday. Meanwhile, she got some ___16___ messages too. One was about a family who had just ___17___ their four-year-old son due to cancer. His older brother was especially ___18___. Could Ferrell help?
That ___19___ and the 30 others like it were exactly what Ferrell was looking for. To celebrate her 53rd, Ferrell had put out a(n) ___20___ on social media. She wanted to ___21___ 53 random acts of kindness by the end of her birth month, and she needed ___22___ on people who could use one. When she got the note about the family, she sent a wind chime (风铃) with the words “Listen to the wind and know that I am near” ___23___ on it. It now ___24___ in the four-year-old’s bedroom, where his brother can go to listen to it whenever he wants.
This is not the first time that Ferrell has decided to give ____25____ for her birthday. For her 47th, she ____26____ Love with Skin On, an organization devoted to doing good deeds in her town and ____27____. Its motto is simple: Be Love, Do Stuff. Over the years, Ferrell has ____28____ and touched well over 100 strangers, some found via social media callouts, others with ____29____ from her grandkids.
Ferrell ____30____ everything herself: gift cards, pay-it-forward purchases, and care packages, as well as the gas it ____31____ to play fairy godmother (仙女玩具). Her family often gives some ____32____ birthday cash to her with their ____33____ not to spend it on anyone else, which she ____34____ ignores. “I got a couple of Amazon gift cards for my birthday this year, and ‘YESSS!’” It’s Ferrell’s party, and she’ll ____35____ if she wants to.
16. A. mysterious B. unusual C. amazing D. embarrassing
17. A. lost B. missed C. cured D. ignored
18. A. eye-opening B. breathtaking C. heartbroken D. absent-minded
19. A. message B. boy C. disease D. victim
20. A. rule B. call C. apology D. reply
21. A. offer B. count C. request D. gather
22. A. agreement B. comment C. restriction D. information
23. A. invented B. carved C. shaped D. painted
24. A. hides B. lies C. hangs D. runs
25. A. treatments B. instructions C. presents D. ceremonies
26. A. founded B. visited C. investigated D. thanked
27. A. upward B. above C. beneath D. beyond
28. A. settled in B. moved on C. slowed down D. reached out
29. A. pension B. help C. account D. insurance
30. A. makes up B. shows off C. pays for D. cares about
31. A. sells B. takes C. generates D. purchases
32. A. extra B. precious C. ideal D. rare
33. A. promise B. command C. alarm D. decision
34. A. accidentally B. fortunately C. hopefully D. naturally
35. A. behave B. give C. agree D. obey
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Ebra Ferrell长期从事社会服务，为了庆祝她53岁的生日，她想要在她出生的那个月结束前做出53个随机的善举，她需要知道哪些人需要这些善举。这些年来，Ferrell已经向100多个陌生人伸出了援助之手，其中一些人是通过社交媒体找到的，另一些人是在她的孙辈的帮助下找到的。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，她也收到了一些不寻常的信息。A. mysterious神秘的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. amazing惊人的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据后文“their four-year-old son due to cancer”可知，这次的信息讲的是一个家庭，他们四岁的儿子刚死于癌症，所以是不寻常的，应用unusual。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个故事讲的是一个家庭，他们四岁的儿子刚死于癌症。A. lost失去；B. missed错过；C. cured治愈；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“their four-year-old son due to cancer”以及Ferrell为这家人提供帮助，可知这家人失去了四岁的儿子。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的哥哥尤其伤心。A. eye-opening惊讶的；B. breathtaking惊险的，惊人的；C. heartbroken心碎的；D. absent-minded心不在焉的。根据全文“One was about a family who had just ___2___ their four-year-old son due to cancer.”，提到这家人失去了四岁的儿子，所以哥哥是十分伤心。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条信息以及其他大约30条类似的信息正是Ferrell想要的。A. message信息；B. boy男孩；C. disease疾病；D. victim受害者。呼应上文“messages too”指收到的信息。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了庆祝她的53岁生日，Ferrell在社交媒体上发出了一个呼吁。A. rule规则；B. call呼吁；C. apology道歉；D. reply答复。根据后文“53 random acts of kindness by the end of her birth month”可知，Ferrell呼吁大家做出随意善举。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想要在她出生的那个月结束前做出53个随机的善举，她需要知道哪些人需要这些善举。A. offer提供；B. count计算；C. request要求；D. gather聚集。根据后文“53 random acts of kindness”可知，此处指提供随意的善举。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她想要在她出生的那个月结束前做出53个随机的善举，她需要知道哪些人需要这些善举。A. agreement同意；B. comment评论；C. restriction限制；D. information信息。根据后文“on people who could use one”可知，此处指知道哪些人需要这些善举的信息。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她收到关于这家人的纸条时，她送了一个风铃，上面刻着“倾听风，知道我就在附近”。 A. invented发明；B. carved雕刻；C. shaped呈……形状；D. painted画着。根据空前“she sent a wind chime (风铃) with the words “Listen to the wind and know that I am near””可知，此处指将这些字刻在风铃上，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，它挂在四岁男孩的卧室里，他的弟弟随时都可以去听。A. hides隐藏；B. lies撒谎；C. hangs悬挂；D. runs奔跑。根据后文“in the four-year-old's bedroom”指风铃挂在四岁男孩的卧室里，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这已经不是Ferrell第一次为她的生日送出礼物了。A. treatments治疗；B. instructions说明；C. presents礼物；D. ceremonies仪式。根据后文“for her birthday”可知，Ferrell为她的生日给别人送出礼物。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她47岁时候，她创立了“Love with Skin On”，这是一个致力于在她所在的小镇和其他地方做好事的组织。A. founded建立；B. visited参观；C. investigated调查；D. thanked感谢。根据后文“Love with Skin On, an organization”可知，此处指创立“Love with Skin On”这个组织。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：在她47岁的时候，她创立了“Love with Skin On”，这是一个致力于在她所在的小镇和其他地方做好事的组织。A. upward向上；B. above超过；C. beneath在……下面；D. beyond超出。根据空前的“in her town and”可知，此处指在她所在的小镇以及小镇以外的其他地方做好事，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些年来，Ferrell已经向100多个陌生人伸出了援助之手，其中一些人是通过社交媒体找到的，另一些人是在她的孙辈的帮助下找到的。A. settled in定居；B. moved on前进，离开；C. slowed down减速；D. reached out伸出。根据后文“and touched well over 100 strangers”可知，此处指向100多个陌生人伸出了援助之手，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，Ferrell已经向100多个陌生人伸出了援助之手，其中一些人是通过社交媒体找到的，另一些人是在她的孙辈的帮助下找到的。A. pension养老金；B. help帮助；C. account账户；D. insurance保险。根据后文“from her grandkids”可知，此处指Ferrell在她的孙辈的帮助下找到需要帮助的人。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Ferrell自己支付所有费用：礼品卡、转帐购物、爱心包裹，以及充当仙女玩具所需的汽油。A. makes up编造；B. shows off炫耀；C. pays for支付；D. cares about关心。根据后文“everything herself: gift cards, pay-it-forward purchases, and care packages, as well as the gas it takes to play fairy godmother”可知，礼品卡、转帐购物、爱心包裹，以及充当仙女教母所需的汽油都是Ferrell自己支付的。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Ferrell自己支付所有费用：礼品卡、转帐购物、爱心包裹，以及充当仙女玩具所需的汽油。A. sells卖；B. takes花费；C. generates生产；D. purchases购买。根据后文“to play fairy godmother”可知，此处指扮演仙女玩具所需的汽油，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的家人经常给她一些额外的生日现金，并警告她不要把这些钱花在别人身上，她自然忽视了这些话。A. extra额外的；B. precious宝贵的；C. ideal理想的；D. rare稀有的。根据后文“birthday cash to her”可知除了生日礼物，家人还会给她一些额外的现金。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的家人经常给她一些额外的生日现金，并警告她不要把这些钱花在别人身上，她自然忽视了这些话。A. promise承诺；B. command命令；C. alarm警告；D. decision决定。根据后文“not to spend it on anyone else”可知，家人警告Ferrell不要把这些钱花在别人身上，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的家人经常给她一些额外的生日现金，并警告她不要把这些钱花在别人身上，她自然会忽视这些钱。A. accidentally意外地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. hopefully充满希望地；D. naturally自然地。结合Ferrell自费帮助他人的行为，可知Ferrell自然忽视了这些警告。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是Ferrell的派对，如果她想，她会给的。A. behave行为；B. give给予；C. agree同意；D. obey遵守。根据上文可知Ferrell乐善好施，所以如果她想，她就会为他人给予善举。故选B。
第二部分： 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Given that October is Mental Health Month, how can we manage our mental health and boost our mood as our second year with the COVID-19 pandemic draws to a close? According to Dr Andrew Thompson, a registered doctor at Instantscripts, even some small, 15-minute acts can play a huge role in improving your mental well-being at a time like this.
1. Reach out to a support network
This network can be made up of friends, family, mental health professionals — anyone you trust who can help support you during this time. Taking 15 minutes out of your day for a quick phone call to a friend can really boost your mood and help reduce those feelings of isolation for a while.
Try setting up a picnic with friends to enjoy some social time with the added bonus of getting outside.
2. Set up a daily schedule / routine
It’s easy to get glued to your work computer during the day, and stay up all hours of the night streaming movies and TV during lockdown (封控). But all of that leads to you getting less sleep and that can contribute to poor mental health. Instead of accidentally overscheduling, take 15 minutes to establish a clear routine each day that allows for plenty of downtime and rest. That means switching off your laptop whenever you finish work, and prioritizing your sleep every night.
Try setting up a Google Calendar to make keeping track of your day easier.
3. Take advantage of telehealth services
One of the big benefits of the pandemic is that many support services are now accessible remotely, meaning you can get help without having to leave home.
Spending just 15 minutes talking through your mental health concerns with a professional can do you a world of good and get you started on the path to better mental well-being.
Try reaching out to services such as BeyondBlue (1300 22 4436), which offer 24/7 counseling (咨询) and support.
4. Get active for 15 minutes
It can be so easy to give up on exercise when you’re struggling mentally, but studies have shown that moving your body really can improve your mood. Setting aside 15 minutes every day for exercise that you actually enjoy — whether it’s a walk, yoga, or a YouTube workout video — can give you a little hit of positive endorphins (安多芬).
Try investing in a smart watch, like a FitBit Inspire 2, which keeps you motivated, tracks your activity and reminds you to keep moving via its fitness applications.
36. What does Dr Thompson advise doing to reduce the feeling of isolation during the lockdown?
A. Watching TV and movies.
B. Exercising 15 minutes each day.
C. Staying in contact with your friends.
D. Keeping track of your day to stay motivated.
37. What is the purpose of creating a daily schedule?
A. To avoid overscheduling.
B. To become more productive.
C. To make time to entertain yourself.
D. To ensure the amount of sleep and rest.
38. If you have trouble keeping exercising every day, it is a good idea to ________.
A. reach out to a support network
B. prioritize your sleep every night
C. talk through your concern with a professional
D. purchase a high-tech device with fitness apps
39. Which of the following would be the best title for the article?
A. Ways to seek support in pandemic.
B. Four 15-minute acts to lift your mood.
C. How to celebrate Mental Health Month.
D. How to stay positive during the lockdown.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。本篇文章主要介绍了疫情期间，四种能改善心情的15分钟的活动。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章1. Reach out to a support network部分的内容“Taking 15 minutes out of your day for a quick phone call to a friend can really boost your mood and help reduce those feelings of isolation for a while.（每天花15分钟和朋友打电话聊天能真正地提升你的心情，帮助减少孤独感。）”可知，Dr Thompson建议，在封城期间，和朋友保持联系可以有效减少孤独感，故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章2. Set up a daily schedule / routine部分的内容“Instead of accidentally overscheduling, take 15 minutes to establish a clear routine each day that allows for plenty of downtime and rest.（为了避免偶尔的过度安排，每天花15分钟做一个清晰的时间表能够保证足够的多的休息时间。）”可知，制作一个每日的时间表的是为了避免过度安排，保证足够多的休息时间，故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章4. Get active for 15 minutes部分的内容“Try investing in a smart watch, like a FitBit Inspire 2, which keeps you motivated, tracks your activity and reminds you to keep moving via its fitness applications.（试着投资一块智能手表，比如FitBit Inspire 2，它能让你保持动力，跟踪你的锻炼并通过其健身应用软件提醒你继续运动。）”可知，如果你无法坚持运动，你最好是买一个带有健身应用软件的设备来追踪你的运动，并提醒你继续运动，故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“According to Dr Andrew Thompson, a registered doctor at Instantscripts, even some small, 15-minute acts can play a huge role in improving your mental well-being at a time like this.（根据Instantscripts的注册医生Dr Andrew Thompson，每天15分钟的活动能够在疫情封城期间让你提升心情。）”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了疫情期间，四个的能提升心情的15分钟的活动，故B项“四个改善心情的15分钟的活动”符合本文标题，故选B。
B
Just like his parents and grandparents before him, Alaska teenager Carl Smith lives off the land, whether it’s catching salmon (鮭鱼) for dinner or collecting wood to keep warm in winter.
But the climate emergency is threatening the way Carl and his Yupik Eskimo family members have lived for generations, prompting (促使) the teenager to step into a role he never imagined he’d have: that of climate activist.
“I wanted to get the word out,” Carl, 18, tells People for the Earth Day special. “Nobody really knows what’s happening out here in rural Alaska.”
For Carl, home is Akiak, a small village of about 400 people who rely on the Kuskokwim River for salmon in the summer, and geese and moose (驼鹿) hunting in the spring and fall to keep their stomachs fed.
But as global temperatures rise, Alaska’s winters are getting shorter, and the permafrost (永冻土层) near Akiak is melting, causing large waves in the river that have been eroding (侵蚀) the shoreline as they crash; Carl estimates they’ve so far lost about 100 feet of land.
Carl’s concerns received national attention in 2019, when he and 15 other teenagers filed a landmark complaint with the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, charging five countries with violating their rights as children by not doing enough to end the climate crisis and the threat it poses to their futures.
The complaint was spearheaded by attorney Michael Hausfeld, who says Carl stood out because climate change is directly affecting his life. “He’s experiencing it firsthand. He is watching his life slowly diminish (缩小) and disappear, M Hausfeld tells People. “Carl could become an icon for the concept of intergenerational equity (公正), which is an obligation of states to secure a living planet for the next generations.”
Carl traveled to New York for the Human Rights Day Summit, where he met fellow activists like Greta Thunberg and Alexandria Villasenor, who are also part of the complaint.
“When I heard the stories from people around the world, I felt like I was with them,” he says. “We’re experiencing different things, but in a way, it’s all the same. I just felt connected to them in some way.”
“I’m going to keep telling everyone that climate’s coming, climate’s changing, and it’s happening everywhere in the world,” he says. “If we don’t do anything about it, we won’t have a home to live in. I just hope everyone listens.”
40. What does the underlined phrase “get the word out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Let people know about something.
B. Conduct research on something.
C. Stop something from happening.
D. Go out for an adventure.
41. Which of the following is true according to this passage?
A. Five countries ignored the climate crisis.
B. The Eskimos lived on what nature gave them.
C. The Eskimos’ overuse of natural resources caused damages.
D. Some countries were charged with violating international obligations.
42. What’s the major problem that Akiak is facing?
A. The population is decreasing.
B. Some species are going extinct.
C. More and more land is being lost.
D. Forests are being destroyed.
43. What is Hausfeld’s attitude toward Carl’s actions?
A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Worried.
44. Why did Carl file the complaint?
A. To call attention to the climate crisis.
B. To protect children from violence.
C. To voice support for Eskimo children.
D. To raise money for his hometown.
45. Which of the following best describes Carl?
A. Optimistic. B. Generous. C. Modest. D. Responsible.
【答案】40. A 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了Carl注意到了气候变化给环境带来了伤害，因此他向他人传递气候变化的消息，并呼吁全世界的人一起保护环境。
【40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段““I wanted to get the word out,” Carl, 18, tells People for the Earth Day special. “Nobody really knows what’s happening out here in rural Alaska.”（Carl告诉人们地球日的特别：“我想要get the word out，因为没人真正知道阿拉斯加的农村的处境。”）”可知，此处get the word out的意思应根据后文内容“Nobody really knows what’s happening out here in rural Alaska.”的解释，后文提到没人知道，故此处应为把消息传出去，让人们知道现在阿拉斯加的处境，故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“For Carl, home is Akiak, a small village of about 400 people who rely on the Kuskokwim River for salmon in the summer, and geese and moose (驼鹿) hunting in the spring and fall to keep their stomachs fed.（对于Carl来说，家就在Akiak，一个400人的村庄，村民夏天以卡斯科奎姆河的鲑鱼为生，春天狩猎驯鹿以备秋天之食。）”可知，阿基亚克的村民以自然的馈赠为生，故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Carl estimates they’ve so far lost about 100 feet of land.（Carl估计，目前他们已经丢失了100英尺的土地。）”可知，Akiak目前面临的问题是流失了越来越多的土地。故选C。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第七段““He’s experiencing it firsthand. He is watching his life slowly diminish (缩小) and disappear, M Hausfeld tells People. “Carl could become an icon for the concept of intergenerational equity (公正), which is an obligation of states to secure a living planet for the next generations.”（ M Hausfeld告诉《人物》杂志：“他正在亲身体验，他正在看着自己的生活慢慢地减少和消失。卡尔可能成为代际公平概念的象征，代际公平是各国为下一代确保一个有生命的星球的义务”。”可知，M Hausfeld认为，Carl的行为是代际公平的象征，且保证了后代拥有一个完整的星球的居住环境，故他是支持的Carl行为的，故选C。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Carl’s concerns received national attention in 2019, when he and 15 other teenagers filed a landmark complaint with the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, charging five countries with violating their rights as children by not doing enough to end the climate crisis and the threat it poses to their futures.（Carl的担忧引起了国家的关注。在2019年，他和另外15名青少年向联合国儿童权利委员递交了一份具有里程碑意义的投诉，指控5个国家在结束气候危机及其对未来构成的威胁方面做得不够，侵犯了他们作为儿童的权利。）”可知，Carl提交这份投诉是因为他认为国家在应对气候变化方面做的还不够，想要引起大家对环境危机的关注，从而采取一定的措施应对环境危机，故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““I’m going to keep telling everyone that climate’s coming, climate’s changing, and it’s happening everywhere in the world,” he says. “If we don’t do anything about it, we won’t have a home to live in. I just hope everyone listens.”（我将要去告诉每个人，全世界气候都在发生变化，如果我们什么都不做的话，我们就会失去我们的家园，我希望每个人都能听到。）”可知，Carl意识到了气候变化会给地球带来伤害，并想要让每个人都意识到，呼吁大家一起行动起来，故可推知，Carl是一个有责任心的，故选D。
C
It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.
“Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的) behaviors, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.”
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can impact adolescent brains. They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.
Meanwhile, teen brains get more buzz (兴奋) from rewards. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable — like eating tasty foods — are fully developed by the teen years.
In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains.
Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. “It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation,” said Reichelt.
Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues (线索). Exercise also triggers the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.
46. What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?
A To figure out what junk food is.
B. To explain the dangers of junk food.
C. To show how junk food affect the brain.
D. To analyze why junk food is hard to resist.
47. What makes it harder for young people to resist junk food according to the study?
A. Processed food makes them sensitive.
B. It is hard to control impulsive behaviors.
C. Their still-developing prefrontal cortex.
D. The low level of dopamine in their brains.
48. What did the study on mice prove?
A. Our mood could suffer from eating junk food.
B. High-fat diets may negatively affect our creativity.
C. The brain of a mouse is similar to that of a person’s.
D. High-fat diets can harm our ability to process information.
49. How does exercise help us according to the last paragraph?
A. It reduces the desire for junk food.
B. It activates the brain’s reward system.
C. It helps the prefrontal cortex work better with dopamine.
D. It makes the body produce a protein that controls our impulses.
50. What column of the newspaper is the article probably taken from?
A. Fashion. B. Technology. C. Health. D. Entertainment.
【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明了垃圾食品对于青春期孩子大脑的伤害。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. (然而，吃太多垃圾食品会伤害你的身体，尤其是如果你的年龄在10到19岁之间)”和第二段““Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的) behaviors, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.”(加拿大西部大学的大脑和营养专家艾米·雷切尔特说：“垃圾食品塑造青少年大脑的方式会削弱他们的思考、学习和记忆能力。垃圾食品还会使他们更难控制冲动行为。垃圾食品甚至可能会增加青少年患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。”)”可知，作者通过前两段意在表明垃圾食品的危害。故选B项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. (他们发现，青少年比任何其他年龄段的人都对含有大量脂肪和糖的加工食品更敏感，因为他们的大脑尚未完全形成)”和第四段中的“The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. (前额皮质是大脑的一部分，它告诉我们不应该一直吃薯条，并帮助我们抵制这种冲动。然而，这个地区是最后一个成熟的地区——直到我们20出头，它才完全发育)”可知，前额皮质能帮助我们抵制一直想吃薯条的这种冲动，但年轻人更难抵制垃圾食品，是因为前额皮质仍在发育中。故选C项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. (Reichelt和她的团队使用老鼠进行了他们自己的研究，老鼠的大脑发育很像我们自己的大脑。他们发现，高脂肪饮食的“青少年”老鼠在记忆测试中的表现比正常饮食的老鼠差。研究人员表示，高脂肪饮食可能会降低小鼠前额叶皮质的工作效率)”可知，老鼠的大脑发育很像我们自己的大脑，而高脂肪饮食会（像损害老鼠一样）损害我们处理信息的能力（如记忆力差）。故选D项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. (那么，对垃圾食品说不的最好方式是什么？研究人员建议进行锻炼)”可知，锻炼有助于人们抵制垃圾食品，减少人们对垃圾食品的欲望。故选A项。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。通过全文可知，本文主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明了垃圾食品对于青春期孩子大脑的伤害，与健康有关，可能出自报纸“健康”版块。故选C项。
D
Smartphones are our constant companions. For many of us, their glowing screens are a ubiquitous (十分普遍的) presence, drawing us in with endless distractions. They are in our hands as soon as we wake, and command our attention until the final moments before we fall asleep.
Steve Jobs would not approve.
In 2007, Jobs took the stage and introduced the world to the iPhone. If you watch the full speech, you will be surprised by how he imagined our relationship should be with this iconic (标志性的) invention. This vision is so different from the way most of us use these devices now.
In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize (应用) its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added. Both lines drew thunderous applause.
The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, there was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. Jobs was convinced that the phone’s carefully-designed native features were enough. He did not seek to completely change the rhythm of users’ daily lives. He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better.
The minimalist (简约主义者) vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today — and that is a shame.
Under what I call the “constant companion model,” we now see our smartphones as always-on portal (通道) to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty (新奇) of the device. It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones.
Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. Otherwise, you simply put it away outside of these activities. This approach removes this gadget (小玩意) from the position of a constant companion down to a luxury object, such as a fancy bike, that gives you great pleasure when you use it but does not dominate your entire day.
Early in his 2007 keynote jobs said, “Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.” What he didn’t add, however, was the follow-up promise: “Tomorrow, we’re going to reinvent your life.” The smartphone is fantastic, but it was never meant to be the foundation for a new form of existence. If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life.
51. According to Steve Jobs, what was the main selling point of Apple’s first iPhone?
A. It allowed its users to have access to the Internet.
B. It was actually an iPod that could make phone calls.
C. It was installed with applications by third-party developers.
D. It could fulfill people’s desire to multitask in their daily lives.
52. According to the article a minimalist smartphone user is likely to ________.
A. expect to reinvent his life with the device
B. buy the latest model of iPhone and see it as a luxury
C. spend more time working than playing with his device
D. remove the unnecessary applications from the device
53. The underlined word “it” in the 7th paragraph probably refers to ________.
A. the native features of smartphones B. the information on the Internet
C. the novelty of the device D. the constant companion model
54. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The minimalism of iPhone helps users bring out the best of the device.
B. Jobs expected iPhone to be the foundation for a new form of existence.
C. Smartphone users have changed their life to enjoy pleasant experiences.
D. The invention of App Store has made smartphones luxury objects.
55. The author’s purpose in writing the article was to ________.
A. tell readers why Steve Job created the iPhone
B. remind readers not to be addicted to their smartphones
C. show readers that smartphones can greatly change their lives
D encourage readers to block Internet access on their smartphones
【答案】51. B 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了智能手机发展带给我们的思考，如果回归乔布斯最初设想的手机极简主义愿景，我们当中很多人都会过得更好；由此可知，作者的意图就是提醒读者不要过分的迷恋智能手机，而是要多回归到正常的生活中。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize (应用) its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added. (在他的讲话中，乔布斯花了很长时间演示用户如何使用触摸屏，然后详细介绍了苹果工程师改进古老的通话流程的许多方法。“这是我们制作过的最好的iPod，”乔布斯一度惊呼道。“杀手级应用正在打电话，”他后来补充道)”可知，使用苹果第一部iPhone打电话的方法很多，这是他们制作过的最好的iPod，可知苹果第一部iPhone的主要卖点是它实际上是一个可以打电话的iPod。故选B项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段中的“The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, there was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. (这次演讲证实了乔布斯想象的iPhone体验比我们十多年后实际拥有的体验更简单。例如，iPhone首次推出时没有应用程序商店，这是经过设计的)”，第六段“The minimalist (简约主义者) vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today — and that is a shame. (2007年乔布斯提供的极简主义iPhone的愿景如今已无法辨认，这是一种耻辱)”和倒数第二段中的“Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. (实际上，要成为一个极简智能手机用户，就意味着只需将你的设备用于少数对你有价值的功能)”可知，2007年发布的iPhone是极简主义智能手机的代表，上面没有应用程序商店，只有少数功能，可得出极简主义智能手机用户很可能会从设备中删除不必要的应用程序。故选D项。
【53题详解】
词句猜测题。由第七段中的“Under what I call the “constant companion model,” we now see our smartphones as always-on portal (通道) to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty (新奇) of the device. (在我所说的“固定伴侣模式”下，我们现在看到我们的智能手机总是在信息门户上。在过去的十年里，我们已经习惯了it，以至于很容易忘记它的新奇之处)”可知，it用于指代上文，此处it指代上文“the constant companion model”。故选D项。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段中的“He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better. (他只是想利用我们已经发现的重要经验——听音乐、打电话、指路——并使之更好)”，第七段中的“It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones. (我似乎越来越清楚，乔布斯可能从一开始就做到了：我们中的许多人最好还是回到他最初对手机的极简主义设想)”和最后一段中的“If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life. (如果你将这项创新（智能手机）回归到原来的角色，你将从你的手机和生活中获得更多)”可知，作者赞成乔布斯利用最少功能、发挥设备最大价值的极简主义智能手机，认为如果智能手机回归到极简模式，用户能从手机和生活中获得更多，可得出iPhone的极简主义帮助用户发挥设备的最佳性能。故选A项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。由第七段中的“Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones. (我们中的许多人最好还是回到他最初对手机的极简主义设想)”和最后一段中的“If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life. (如果你将这项创新（智能手机）回归到原来的角色，你将从你的手机和生活中获得更多)”可知，作者赞成极简主义智能手机，认为如果智能手机回归到极简模式，用户能从手机和生活中获得更多，作者意图就是提醒读者不要沉迷于智能手机，而是更多地回归到正常地生活中去。故选B项。
第II卷
第三部分： 写作
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
They asked Katherine Johnson for the moon, and she gave it to them. With little more than a pencil, a slide rule (计算尺) and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history — making moonwalk, let it return to Earth.
Mrs. Johnson was one of several hundred strictly educated, supremely capable yet largely unrecognized women who, well before the modern feminist (男女平等主义者) movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double separation (隔离): They were kept separate from the much larger group of white women who in turn were separated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers.
Mrs. Johnson broke barriers at NASA. In old age, Mrs. Johnson became the most celebrated of the black women who served as mathematicians for the space agency. Their story was told in the 2016 Hollywood film Hidden Figures, which was nominated for three Oscars, including best picture.
In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor. That year, The Washington Post described her as “the most high-profile of the computers” — “computers” being the term originally used to describe Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues, much as “typewriters” were used in the 19th century to represent professional typists.
She “helped our nation enlarge the frontiers of space,” NASA’s administrator, Jim Bridenstine, said in a statement on Monday, “even as she made huge steps that also opened doors for women and people of color in the universal human quest to explore space.”
As Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley — from 1953 until her retirement in 1986 — was “a time when computers wore skirts.”
56. What did Mrs. Johnson do as a NASA mathematicians, according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 15 words)
57. What barrier(s) did Mrs. Johnson have to break at NASA? (no more than 10 words)
58. How did NASA recognize Mr. Johnson’s contribution? (no more than 10 words)
59. What does the underlined phrases mean in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
60. What do you learn from Mrs. Johnson’s experience? (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. She calculated precise tracks for spaceships/astronauts to land on the moon and return to Earth.
57. Her sex and being a black woman.或 Being a black woman.或That she was a black woman.
58. NASA dedicated a building in her honor.
59. A time when women did all calculation.或 A time when calculation was done by women.
60. I’m convinced that knowledge is powerful enough to wipe out ignorance.或I think we should never be limited by the labels attached by others.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国登月的幕后功臣：101岁的传奇女数学家凯瑟琳•约翰逊的传奇人生。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, let it return to Earth.(享年101岁的Mrs. Johnson于周一逝世，她在1969年计算了能让阿波罗11号着陆于月球以及返回地球的精确轨迹)”可知，作为美国宇航局的数学家，她计算了阿波罗着陆于月球和返回地球的精确轨迹，故答案为：She calculated precise tracks for spaceships/astronauts to land on the moon and return to Earth。
【57题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double separation (隔离): They were kept separate from the much larger group of white women who in turn were separated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers.(但让她长期默默无闻的不仅仅是她的性别。在本世纪中叶的一些年里，黑人女性受到了双重隔离：她们与更大的白人女性群体分开，而白人女性又与该机构的男性数学家和工程师分开)”可知，在美国宇航局，Mrs. Johnson想要获得一席之地，她必须要打破性别和种族歧视两大障碍，故答案为：Her sex and being a black woman.或 Being a black woman.或That she was a black woman。
【58题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor.(2017年，美国宇航员为了纪念她，修建了一栋建筑楼)”可知，美国宇航局为了纪念Mrs. Johnson的成就，修了一栋楼，故答案为：NASA dedicated a building in her honor。
【59题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据文章最后一段“As Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley — from 1953 until her retirement in 1986 — was ‘a time when computers wore skirts.’(正如Mrs. Johnson她自己所喜欢的那个说法一样，她在Langley的那段时期是“电脑穿上裙子的时期”)”可知，从1953年到1986年间，Mrs. Johnson冲破障碍，为女性数学家在宇航局获得了一席之地，故此处的“a time when computers wore skirts”是指在这一时期，宇航局相关的计算都是由女性主导的，其中“skirts”就是指“女性”，故答案为：A time when women did all calculation. 或 A time when calculation was done by women。
【60题详解】
开放性问题，言之成理皆可。全文主要简述了101岁的传奇女数学家凯瑟琳约翰逊冲破性别和种族歧视，为女性在美国宇航局赢得了相应的地位，故从她的事例，我们可以得出“我们可以通过知识的力量来抹去一切歧视”，或者“我们不应该被传统的标签所束缚，要敢于挑战”，故答案为：I’m convinced that knowledge is powerful enough to wipe out ignorance.或I think we should never be limited by the labels attached by others。
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61. 假如你是晨光中学的学生李津，你校英文报向同学们约稿，讨论影响自身成长的因素。请你写一篇英语短文给报纸投稿。
内容提示：
（1）陈述影响你成长的因素，如：家庭、学校、社会、朋友、书籍等（不少于两点）;
（2）谈谈这些因素如何影响了你的成长（需举例说明）。
注意：词数不少于100；文章的开头已给出（不计入词数）。
The process of growing up is complex for every person,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
The process of growing up is complex for every person, for there are many influential factors in a person’s growth as well as the development of his personality. As for me, what has affected me most in both growth and personality are family and friends, the two equally important factors.
My family became my first surroundings when I was born. Since it’s my most direct source of knowledge and experiences, what they say and what they do play a significant role in shaping my character.
On the other hand, friends in some ways influence me more than my family does. Friends have many different opinions and personalities. Discussing with them builds up my personality. Frankly speaking, I get lots of valuable things from my friends.
Family offers me warmth and care. Friends give me strength and horizons. Therefore, both of them are most influential in my growth.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“影响自身成长的因素”写一篇英语短文给报纸投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
复杂的：complex→complicated
影响：affect→have an influence on
在……起重要作用：play a significant role in→play a significant part in
建立：build up→set up
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：On the other hand, friends in some ways influence me more than my family does. Friends have many different opinions and personalities.
拓展句：On the other hand, friends in some ways influence me more than my family does, because friends have many different opinions and personalities.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As for me, what has affected me most in both growth and personality are family and friends, the two equally important factors. (运用了what引导的主语从句)
【高分句型2】Since it’s my most direct source of knowledge and experiences, what they say and what they do play a significant role in shaping my character. (运用了Since引导的原因状语从句和what引导的主语从句)