北师大版高中英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册导学案+PPT课件

这是一份北师大版高中英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册导学案+PPT课件PPT课件主要包含了基础回顾·自主排查，urgent，incredibly，extinct　，hunt　，illegally，switch，threat　，recycle，item等内容，欢迎下载使用。

►核心词汇——写其形1．_______ adj. 紧急的，急迫的2．__________ adv. 非常地，极端地3．__________ adj. 灭绝的，绝种的4．__________ vi. & vt. 猎取，猎杀5．__________ adv. 非法地，违法地6．__________ vi. & vt. 转换，改变7．__________ n. 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能8．__________ vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用9．__________ n. 一项，一条10．_________ vt. 破坏；毁掉11．__________ adj. 塑料制的12．__________ n. 保护
►阅读词汇——知其意1．cutlery n. _________2．swallw vi. & vt. ____________3．innvative adj. ___________________4．ccnut n. _________5．slar adj. _____________6．packaging n. ___________________7．chpsticks n. ________8．cartn n. _______________9．cuncil n. ________________10．hatch vi. & vt. ___________11．packet n. ____________
新颖的，创新的，革新的
包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
►拓展词汇——通其变1. cnserve v. 保护→____________ n. 保护2．increase v. 增加→________ vi. & vt. 减少 n. 减少；减少的量3．ppse vt. 反对→________ adj. 对面的；另一边的；相反的 n. 对立面；对立的人/物→________ n. 反对者；对手，敌手4．cllect v. 收集；收藏→________ n. 收集；收藏品；专辑5．cnsume v. 消费→________ n. 消费者→_________ n．消费6．instance n. 例子，实例→________ (adj. 立即的)→________ adv.立刻，马上7．destry vt. 破坏，毁坏→________ n. 破坏，毁坏8．stre v. 贮存→________ vt. (使)恢复9．chemistry n. 化学→________ n. 化学品 adj. 化学的10．danger n. 危险→________ adj. 危险的→________ vt. 使遭危险；危害；危及→________ adj. 濒危的
►高频短语——记得牢1．______________ 起某种作用2．______________ 彻底毁灭3．____________ 开始做某事，着手进行4．____________ 与……有关联5．_____________ 尽自己的职责6．____________ 把……归咎于7．traffic jam _________8．fr instance ________9．die ut ________________10．be at risk ________________11．stressed ut ________12．sum up ___________
be related t
d ne's part
►典型句式——懂其用1．it作形式主语替代that引导的主语从句________________ human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants.显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。2．as引导各类状语从句Traffic is ne f the majr causes f glbal warming and climate change, ______________________________________________．交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。3．while引导并列句，表对比Up t 90 peple can travel in ne bus, ___________________ will need at least 18 cars.一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小汽车这些人至少需要18辆车。
It is clear that
as car engines prduce varius types f greenhuse gases
while the same number
►第一版块|重点单词1．threat n．[C]构成威胁的人，形成威胁的事物；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能；[C，U]威胁，恐吓pse a threat t... 对……构成威胁under threat 受到威胁threat vt. 威胁到，危及；威胁，恐吓threatened adj. 受到威胁的threatening adj. 带有威胁的
◎单句语法填空①Wildlife has been greatly ________ (threat) in the mdern age.②Flating ice arund Iceland was becming a threat ____ navigatin.③Sme cultures see direct eye cntact as implite r ________ (threaten) behavir, while Americans see it as a sign f hnesty.④Bats are ______ threat in many areas f the wrld. The number f them has gne dwn t such a level that the remaining members may nt be enugh t keep the species.
threatening
2．switch vt.& vi.(使)改变；vt.交换，转换，对调　n．[C](电路的)开关，闸，转换器；改变，转变switch (frm A) t B (由A)转变成Bswitch ff/n 关/开(电灯、机器等)switch ff 不再关注，不再理睬switch ver 换台，换频道a light switch 电灯开关a plicy switch 政策的转变
◎单句语法填空①After dinner, we ften switch ____ the TV t watch the news, then switch _____ftball games. At 10 'clck we switch _____ the TV and g t bed.②Nt nly is biking gd exercise, but switching ______ a car t a bike als reduces the amunt f pllutin in the air.◎翻译句子③我妈妈让我在离开房间前记得关灯。________________________________________________________
My mum asked me t remember t switch ff the lights befre leaving the rm.
3．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的It is urgent that... 急需……(从句谓语用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可省略)urge sb.t d sth. 敦促/力劝某人做某事urge that... 主张……(从句谓语用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可省略)◎单句语法填空①Researchers have fund that red can bring a sense f ________ (urge) int ur minds.②It is urgent that we ___________ (carry) ut the alternative plan.③Parents shuld actively urge their children ______ (take) advantage f the pprtunity t jin sprts teams.
(shuld) carry
4.hunt vi. & vt.打猎；猎杀；搜寻；搜索；追踪；追捕　n．搜寻；寻找；打猎hunt fr sth. 搜寻某物hunt fr sb./sth. 搜寻/寻找某人/某物hunter n. [C]猎人；搜集某种东西的人◎单句语法填空①The kids were _______(hunt) fr shells n the beach while I was reading a newspaper.②The fx ran away befre the ______ (hunt) sht it.③Jhn set ut that day _______ (hunt) fr wrk.④Plice have launched a natinwide hunt ____ the killer.
5．mass adj.大批的，数量极多的，广泛的。仅用于名词前。　n．[C]堆，团，块；[C，usually sing.]大量，许多；[pl.]大量的东西　n．[U](物理学中的)质量　the masses [pl.]群众mass prductin 批量生产a mass f 一堆……；大量的……masses f 成堆的……；大量的……a land mass 陆块，地块
◎判断下列句子中mass的词性及含义①The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland._______②Recent develpment has made pssible machines that print, ck, and serve fds n a mass scale.____________③Plut (冥王星) and Tritn (海王卫一) have nearly the same size, mass, and density (密度).________④The gvernment cares much abut the interests and well­being f the masses._________◎单句语法填空⑤A mass f wrk ____________ (d) t prevent the river frm being plluted up t nw.⑥The yung dancers lked s charming in their beautiful clthes that we tk ________ (mass) f pictures f them.
has been dne
6．decrease n．[C，U]减少，降低　vi. & vt.(使大小、数量等)减少，减小，降低a decrease in... 在……方面减少n the decrease 在减少decrease by... 减少了……(表示减少的量)decrease (frm...) t... (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)decrease in... 在……方面减少
◎单句语法填空①In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases _____ bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing.②The accidents have decreased ____ 20% since the measures were taken.③The crime rate in this area has decreased ____ the lwest level nwadays.④Tea is still a large part f daily life in the UK tday, but it seems t be _____ the decrease.⑤Fd prices increased ____ 10% in less than a year.
7．blame vt.责怪，指责，把……归咎于　n．[U]责任，责备 (ding) sth. 因(做)某事责备……blame sth. n sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事be t blame fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)take/bear the blame fr sth. 承担某事的责任lay/put the blame (fr sth.) n... 把(某事的)责任归咎于……
◎单句语法填空①Sme peple blame the smartphne _____ the tragedy, yet in fact peple's weakening self­cntrl and self­discipline are ________ (blame).②Lts f peple find it hard t get up in the mrning, and put the blame _____the alarm clck.◎翻译句子③不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人。你自己应该对其负责。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④科学家认为该疾病的暴发应归咎于被污染的水。______________________________________________________
Dn't always blame yur wn failure n thers. Yu yurself shuld take/bear the blame fr it.　
The scientist thught that the plluted water was t blame fr the illness.
8．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的vary v. 存在不同之处；使多样化vary frm... t... 在……到……的范围内变化varius adj. 各种各样的variety n. 品种；种类；多样化；变种a variety f sth. 各种各样的某事/物
◎单句语法填空①The quality f their prducts never _____ (vary); it is always excellent.②These pinins change with time, and vary _______ place t place.③The supermarket ffers ___________ (vary) gds t chse frm, s mre and mre peple prefer t shp there.◎翻译句子④人们对这部新剧发表了各种各样的意见。(varied)____________________________________________________⑤大学所学的课程往往与当今工作所需要的各种知识和技能不相匹配。(varied)___________________________________________________________________________________
varius/varied
Varied pinins were expressed abut the new play.
The curses studied in universities ften d nt match the varied knwledge and skills required fr wrk tday.
9．quantity n．[C，U]数量，数额，数目；大量；[U]量 ◎单句语法填空①In the picture we can see that there ____ quantities f apples in the basket and there ____ a large quantity f milk in the bucket. (be)◎完成句子②若是你大量订购的话，我认为有可能会打折。If yu rder it ________________________， I think a discunt will be pssible.
in quantity或in large quantities
10．aware adj.意识到的，明白的 　(1)be/becme aware f...(＝be cnscius f..) 知道……；察觉到……；意识到……be aware that... 知道……；察觉到……make sb. aware f/that... 使某人知道……(2)unaware adj. 不知道的；未意识到的；未察觉到的be/becme unaware f... 不知道……；未意识到……be unaware that... 不知道……；未察觉到……(3)awareness n. 意识；认识raise/increase awareness f... 提高对……的意识
◎单句语法填空①He didn't realise he was in danger and was _______(aware) f what was ging n arund him.②The prgramme is aimed at raising public ________ (aware) f the danger f drug abuse.③Thugh fully aware ____ his dilemma, Mary cntinued her relatin with Clancy.④Have yu been aware _____ under the tree are a schlar and tw assistants.
11.cllectin n．收集；收藏品；专辑　cllectr n．收藏家；收集者；收票员(1)a cllectin f... 一批……(2)cllect v. 聚集；收集；搜集；收藏；领取；领走；征收；募集cllect ne's thughts 使集中思想(3)cllective adj. 集体的；共有的◎单句语法填空①We ___________ (cllect) fr the fld victims nw.②He became a ticket ________ (cllect) at Waterl Statin after graduatin.③He made arrangements fr the ________ (cllect) f his baggage frm the airprt.④There was a cllectin ____ dust in the crner.⑤The cuntry's pliticians are giving a ________ (cllect) sigh f relief.
are cllecting
12．anxius adj.焦虑的，不安的be anxius abut sth./fr sb. 为某事/某人担心be anxius t d sth. 渴望做某事be anxius fr sth. 渴望得到某物be anxius fr sb. t d sth. 渴望某人做某事◎单句语法填空①Parents are anxius _______ ur health and safety.②There is grwing public _______ (anxius) ver levels f air pllutin in ur cities.③He caused his parents great ________ (anxius) by cming back hme late.④It was a clse match and she watched ________ (anxius) at the screen.⑤We're anxius ________ (hear) frm anyne wh can help.⑥I am anxius _____ her t d as little as pssible.
13．stick vt. (stuck, stuck); n．棒，棍(1)stick vt. 粘贴；刺，插；放置；伸出stick sth. n sth. 把一物贴在另一物上stick sth. in sth. 把一物刺入/插入/放进另一物里(2)stuck adj. 卡住的，陷住的，无法移动的。常与in连用
◎完成句子①她在信封上贴了一张邮票。She ________ a stamp n the letter.②护士把针扎进他的胳膊里。The nurse ________ (stick) a needle in his arm.③她把书放入抽屉里。She _______ (stick) her bk in the drawer.④他把头伸出公交车窗外。He ________ his head ut f the bus windw.⑤车陷入泥里了。The car was ______ (stick) in the mud.⑥别走开，我过一会儿需要你帮助。______ arund. I'll need yu t help me later.
14．annyed adj.生气的，烦恼的(表示人自身的感受)(1)be annyed with sb. 生某人的气be annyed at/abut sth. 因某事生气be annyed t d/that... ……使人恼火(2)anny vt. 使生气，使恼怒；打扰(3)annyance n. [U]恼怒，烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事t sb.'s annyance 让某人生气的是(4)annying adj. 使恼怒的，使生气的，使烦恼的(表示事或物的性质)
◎单句语法填空①Being annyed _____ ther peple easily is harmful t yur health.②She stayed awake till midnight because f her ________ (anny) sleeping prblem.③Whenever the yung animal is frightened r _______ (anny), it always rushes t its mther.④T ur ________ (anny), the air cnditiner brke dwn n the httest night f the year！
15.relate vt.把……联系起来　vi.相联系，有关联　vt.讲述，叙述 把……和……联系起来be related t... 与……有关联relate t 涉及，与……相关，谈到；能够理解并同情relate sth.(t sb.) (向某人)讲述……
◎单句语法填空①Nt nly is likability related ____ psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t.◎完成句子②他说的那些与我们现在讨论的有什么关系吗？Hw d his remarks __________________________？◎一句多译你应该写下与这个问题有关的所有信息。③Yu shuld write dwn all the infrmatin _________the prblem.④Yu shuld write dwn all the infrmatin ____________ the prblem.
relate t what we are discussing nw
in relatin t
16．invlve vt.包含，需要；涉及；使参与invlve sb. in (ding) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事be/get invlved in/with 参与；卷入；投入invlvement n. 参与；卷入；牵连◎用invlve的正确形式填空①It is reprted that there are many health prblems ________ with smking.②Thanks t yur __________， we succeed in cmpleting the prject.◎翻译句子③父母应当参与子女的教育。_________________________________________________________④不要把我牵扯到解决你的问题里。_________________________________________________________
invlvement　
Parents shuld invlve themselves in their children's educatin.　
Dn't invlve me in slving yur prblems.
17.claim vt.声称；主张　vt. & vi.(根据权利)要求；索要　vt.认领；对……宣示所有权　n. [C]主张；声称；断言；所有权；索赔；索要claim t d/be... 声称做/是……claim t have dne sth. 声称做过某事claim (that)... 声称……It is/was claimed that... 有人主张……have a claim n sth. 拥有……的所有权make a claim fr sth. 对……提出要求/索赔
◎单句语法填空①Tw yung girls claimed __________ (see) the fairies.②The lawyer claimed ______ the defendant was nt guilty.③It __________ (claim) that sme dctrs were wrking 80 hurs a week.◎翻译句子④The plice said that if nbdy came t claim the watch, yu culd keep it.___________________________________________________⑤He shuld be able t claim back his mney.___________________________________________________
t have seen
was claimed
警察说如果没有人来认领这块手表，你可以保管它。
他应该可以要回他的钱。
18.memrial adj.纪念的　n．[C]纪念物；纪念碑
◎单句语法填空①An actr must be able t ________ (memry) his lines.②He had ___ gd memry fr faces, and he was sure he hadn't seen her befre.③The church was a ________ (memry) t the disaster victims.④He funded the charity ____ memry f his late wife.
►第二版块|重点短语1．cut dwn 削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)，可作及物短语动词和不及物短语动词；(自根基部分)砍倒，为及物短语动词。 (t...) 减少……(至……)cut dwn n... 减少……cut in 插嘴cut ut 剪下cut up 切碎cut ff 停止，中断(供给)cut ff 使……与外界隔绝
◎用cut的相关短语完成句子①The cmpany has ________ the gas supply temprarily t repair the damaged gas pipe.②It's rather implite t _______ when ther peple are talking.③Evidence suggests that they kept the fire burning all winter and used sharpened stne tls t _______ the meat.④Experts think the amunt f hmewrk fr the students shuld be ___________．
2．in danger意为“处于危险中”，其后接f可构成in danger f...“处于……的危险中”。danger n. [U]危险in danger 处于危险中ut f danger 脱离危险dangerus adj. 危险的endanger vt. 使处于险境，危及endangered adj. 濒危的
◎选词填空：endanger/endangered/dangerus/结合danger的用法完成句子①We shuld d what we can t save thse ________ species, including tigers which are cnsidered ________ because they can ________ peple's lives.②The ld man is still _________. He is n better than he was yesterday.③I heard Jack had a car accident and was ___________ lsing his life, but luckily, he is ____________ nw.
endangered　
in danger f
ut f danger
3．die ut 灭绝，消失die ff 相继死去die frm/f 死于be dying fr sth. 渴望某物，极想要某物be dying t d sth. 渴望做某事die dwn (t becme gradually less strng, lud, nticeable, etc.) 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息die away (t becme gradually weaker r fainter and finally disappear) 逐渐减弱，逐渐消失
◎用die的相关短语完成句子①With mre and mre birds _________， sme day sme species will ________. In additin, sme f them have ___________ envirnmental pllutin.②Dn't wrry. The strng wind will _______________ sn and we can g ut t have a baseball match as planned.③Nw I'm thirsty and _________ a glass f water. I have walked fr a lng time.
die dwn/away
4．at risk 意为“有危险，冒风险”at the risk f ding sth. 冒着做某事的风险take a risk/risks (t d sth.) 冒险(做某事)run the risk (f sth./f ding sth.) 冒……的风险；冒险(做某事)run risks 冒险risk ding sth. 冒险做某事
◎结合risk的用法完成句子①He gt well prepared fr the jb interview, fr he culdn't ________________________ (冒险失去这次良好的机会).②If yu _______________________ (冒险不系安全带), yu will be ________ (处于危险中).③In spite f great danger, the sldier jumped int the river and _____________________________________________________ (冒着生命危险救那个女孩).④Thugh it is fun t play n the frzen river, _________ (这有危险).
risk lsing this gd pprtunity
risk nt wearing a seat belt
risked his life t save the girl/tk the risk f lsing his life t save the girl
it is risky
5.set ut (t d sth.)开始做某事，着手进行……be set in... 以……为背景set abut (ding sth.) 开始(做某事)；着手(做某事)set aside 留出(时间、钱等)；把……置于一旁set dwn 写下；记下；制订；规定set ff 出发；引起；触响(警报等)；使(炸弹等)爆炸set up 建立；创立；建起；竖起
◎完成句子①她开始打扫屋子。She ____________ cleaning the huse.②妈妈每个月都想存点钱。Mther tries t ________________ every mnth.③开门会引发警报。Opening the dr will _______ the alarm.④他们成功地完成了他们打算做的事。They succeeded in what they have ________ t d.⑤警察在出城的路上设置了路障。The plice _______ radblcks n rutes ut f the city.⑥标准由管理机构制定。The standards were _________ by the gverning bdy.
set/sets abut
set aside sme mney
6.end upend up ding sth. 结果是做某事(表示伴随动作，强调结果)end up in... 以……告终/结局(强调结果)end up with... 以……方式结束(强调方式)end up as... 最终成为……end up＋adj. 以……状况而告终end in... 以……收场/结束/告终(多指以不好的结局收场)frm beginning t end 从头到尾in the end 最后；终于
at the end f... 在……末端/尽头；在……结尾by the end f... 到……为止(常与完成时连用)be at an end 结束cme t an end 结束make (bth) ends meet 使收支相抵；勉强维持生计put/bring an end t sth.(＝put/bring sth. t an end) 结束某事
◎单句语法填空①At the dinner we usually begin with sup and end up ______ fruit.②At first they hated each ther, but they ended up ________ (becme) gd friends.③She has always wanted t be a writer but ended up ____ a teacher.◎完成句子④Her tried varius jbs and _________ (最后) became a musician.⑤Everyne wishes that the war wuld ____________(结束) sn.⑥The final decisin f the three imprtant leaders f the cuntry ________________ (结束) the war.⑦I was wrried she wuld walk ut r ________ the interview __________ (使……结束).
cme t an end
put/brught an end t
⑧We dn't need t d extra wrk this evening. The day's wrk is almst _________ (结束) nw.⑨___________ (到……为止) the hliday I had spent all my mney.⑩___________ (在……末) the 16th century, abut five t seven millin peple spke English.11__________ (最后), the headmaster rse t indicate that the cnversatin was _________ (结束).
By the end f
At the end f
7.g up (价格、温度等)上涨，上升；近义词有rise和increase，反义词(组)有reduce, decrease, g dwn；被兴建，被建造，主语是事物。g up by... 上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)g up t... 上升到……(表示上升后的结果)g by (时间)流逝g ahead 先走；开始做，着手干g in fr 爱好；参加考试(或竞赛)g thrugh 仔细察看；检查；经历，遭受g ver 仔细检查g int 开始做；(金钱、时间等)用于g against 反抗；违反；不利于g dwn (物价等)下跌；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落下
◎选出能替换画线部分的词语①A crss­sea bridge is ging up nt away frm my hmetwn. (being built/being designed)________②It is predicted that fd prices will cntinue t g up in the next few mnths. (raise/rise)________◎用g的相关短语完成句子③Tall buildings are ________ alng the new rad leading t the dwntwn area.④I didn't ________ petry befre, but nw I'm beginning t take an interest in it.⑤As time ________，he finds it imprtant t learn anther freign language.⑥—The wman bilgist had stayed in Africa studying wild animals fr 13 years befre she returned.—She must have ____________ a lt!
being built
8．stressed ut adj.因压力而累垮的(1)under stress 在压力之下under the stress f... 在……的压力下lay/place/put stress n/upn... 强调……；给……压力(3)stressful adj. (指物)压力重的；紧张的(4)stressed adj. (指人)焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的
◎单句语法填空①Mre stress shuld be placed ________ the cultivatin f creativity.②________ the stress f bad weather the ship had t return.◎完成句子③We must ______________ (强调) n self­reliance.④Wrrying ver his jb and his wife's health ______________________ (使他处于极大的压力之下).◎句型转换⑤Our teacher ften places stress n gd educatin.→Our teacher ften ___________________ gd educatin.
lay/put/place stress
put him under great stress
stresses the imprtance f
9．ppnent f...……的反对者/对手ppnent n. [C] 对手；反对者the ppnent f... ……的反对者ppnent at/in sth. ……方面的对方/对手sb.'s ppnent 某人的对手a plitical ppnent 政敌◎完成句子①我们星期六比赛对手很强大。Our ppnents ____ Saturday's game are very pwerful.②强烈反对核武器的人将在会上提出一个新法案。A fierce ppnent _____ nuclear arms will put frward a new bill at the cnference.
10.result in导致result in...(＝lead t或cntribute t...) 导致……result vi. 发生，由……导致result n. [C，U]结果，成果result frm... 由……造成result in... 导致……as a result f...＝because f 作为……的结果；由于……as a result 因此；所以；结果
◎完成句子①他犯了错误。因此，他丢了工作。He made ne big mistake. __________， he lst his jb.②由于这场雨，野餐被取消了。__________ f the rain, the picnic was cancelled.③他考试不及格是由于粗心大意。His failure in the exam resulted ______ his carelessness.④他的粗心大意导致了他考试不及格。His carelessness resulted ____ his failure in the exam.
As a result
11．turn n sb.突然攻击某人turn n sb. 突然攻击某人turn n sth. 以某事为主要议题turn n sth./ding sth.(＝depend n sth.) 依某事物而定turn sb. n 使某人激动或兴奋(尤指异性方面)turn sth. n 扭开(烤箱、收音机、电灯等)turn ut 结果是turn up 把声音调大；露面，到场turn dwn 把声音调小；拒绝turn ff 关掉turn arund 转身
turn t 转向……；求助于turn ver 把……翻过来wait in turn 排队等候wait ne's turn 等待某人的顺序It's sb.'s turn t d sth. 轮到某人做某事了turn t sb. fr help 向某人求援
◎完成句子①有胡子的男子每每引起她的兴趣。She's ften _________ by men with beards.②打开煤气开关，点燃烤箱。_________ the gas and light the ven.③是否去郊游依天气而定。Whether ging fr an uting r nt ________ the weather.④由于人类对地球的非善意的行为，大自然已经开始惩罚我们了。As a result f unkind behaviur humans t the earth, nature is beginning t _________ us.⑤今天的讲座主题是地球各种类型的污染。Tday's lecture is t ________ the pllutin f all kinds n the earth.
►第三版块|典型句式1．reasn后接定语从句的用法[教材原句]There is a lng list f reasns why s many species are dying ut: air and water pllutin, frests being destryed, factry farming and verfishing.导致这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化养殖和过度捕捞。[句式分析]reasn作先行词，后接定语从句时：(1)若关系词在从句中作状语，要用why或fr which引导定语从句。(2)若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，要用which或that引导定语从句，其中作宾语时关系词可省略。
There's a reasn why/fr which peple dn't read this stuff: it's nt funny.人们不读这种东西是有原因的：它并不逗趣。The reasn why/fr which he was late was that he gt up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。He gave us a reasn that/which sunded reasnable.他给了我们一个理由，这个理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作主语)The reasn (which/that) he has given sunds reasnable.他给出的理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略)
[基础练习]单句语法填空①The reasn ______ I admire him is _____ his psitive attitude t life has a great influence n me.②Is this the reasn ________ he explained at the meeting fr his carelessness in his wrk?③Anther reasn ____ crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ________ (imprve) water quality.
2．“withut＋名词”引导含蓄条件句[教材原句]Withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe, and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。[句式分析]虚拟条件句的条件有时不通过条件从句来表示，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现出来，这种虚拟条件句叫作含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句的具体用法如下：(1)含蓄条件的常见表现方式a.将条件隐含在介词短语中。常见的(短语)介词有withut，but fr等。b.将条件隐含在某些连词中。常见的此类连词有r，but，but that等。c.将条件隐含在某些副词中。常见的副词是therwise。d.将条件隐含在特定的上下文中。
(2)谓语的形式wuld/might/culd/shuld＋动词原形(与现在或将来事实相反的假设)wuld/might/culd/shuld＋have＋过去分词(与过去事实相反的假设)They wuldn't have reached the agreement s easily withut that cmmn grund.没有共同的立场，他们是不会那么容易达成协议的。But fr yur help, we culdn't have succeeded.要不是你帮忙，我们不可能成功。I gt up very early yesterday mrning, r I culd nt have caught the early bus.昨天早上我起床很早，否则就赶不上早班车了。I was t busy at that time. Otherwise, I wuld have called yu.我那时太忙了，否则我就给你打电话了。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①Withut his supprt, we wuldn't ____ (be) where we are nw.②—D yu have Betty's phne number?—Yes. Otherwise, I wuldn't ________ (be) able t reach her yesterday.[能力提升]完成句子③飞机晚点一个多小时才起飞，否则我就不会让你等这么久了。There was a delay f ver an hur befre the plane tk ff; therwise I _____________________ (keep) yu waiting fr such a lng time.
wuld/culd nt have kept
3．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句[教材原句]Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern.尽管物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但它目前的发生速度令人担忧。[句式分析](1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语。若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句；此结构中的关系代词可为which(先行词指物)，whm(先行词指人)。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定在“介词＋which(先行词是物)/whm(先行词是人)/whse(所有格，既可指人又可指物)”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用有以下三种方式：①根据定语从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配确定②根据与先行词的搭配确定③根据主从句的逻辑关系而定(通常是with/withut)The fficial t whm we applied fr a permit was very kind.给我们申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。Have yu fund the bk n which I spent ￡10?你找到那本我花了10英镑买的书了吗？
He was the man by whm Master f the Game was translated.他就是翻译《谋略大师》的那个人。(be translated by)The tw things f which they felt prud were Jim's gld watch and Della's hair.他们感到骄傲的两样东西是吉姆的金表和德拉的头发。 (be prud f)I will never frget the day n which I first met him.我永远也忘不了第一次见他的那一天。(n the day)Rse helped me a lt, withut whse help I wuld nt have passed the exam.罗丝帮助了我很多，没有她的帮助我不会通过考试。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①The fellw, ________ whm I spke made n answer at first.②The West Lake, _____ which Hangzhu is famus, is a beautiful place.③In his rm, I saw a big desk ____ which there were all kinds f bks.④Yesterday we had a meeting ____ which we discussed many prblems.⑤Air, ________ which man culdn't live, is really imprtant.⑥This bk has pened a windw, ___________ which we can see a wnderful wrld.⑦Yesterday we paid a visit t the huse ____ which Lu Xun nce lived.⑧Wh is the persn with ______yu shk hands just nw?⑨Mr Li has tw sns, bth f _______ are cllege students.
4．it作形式主语[教材原句]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants.很明显，人类活动已经对地球上其他所有物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。[句式分析]主语从句充当主语时，为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置，主语从句可用that，what，wh，whether，why等词引导。常见的此类句式有：(1)It＋be＋名词＋从句It＋be＋a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……It＋ be＋ n wnder that...难怪……It＋be＋n surprise that...……不足为奇
(2)It＋be＋形容词＋从句It＋be likely that...可能……It＋be clear/bvius that...显而易见的是……(3)It＋动词的被动语态＋从句It＋be said that...据说……It＋be reprted that...据报道……It＋be believed that...人们相信……It＋be suggested/rdered/demanded that...(shuld) d...建议/命令/要求……(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用shuld d, shuld可以省略)(4)It＋特殊动词＋从句It ccurs t sb. that...某人突然想到……It happens that...碰巧的是……It desn't matter＋wh/why/what... ……无所谓/没关系
It is a pity/shame that yu have missed such a wnderful lecture.你错过了这么精彩的演讲，真遗憾。She is hard­wrking, s it is n surprise that she has wn first prize.她学习努力，所以她获得一等奖不足为奇。It is bvius that the way cffee is grwn affects many aspects f life.很明显，咖啡的种植方式影响了生活的很多方面。It is said that abut 20% f 25­34­year­lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.据说在25到34岁的人群中大约有20%和父母住在一起，而在1991年这一比例是16%。
It is generally believed that a balanced diet is a key t peple's health.人们普遍认为均衡的饮食是健康的关键。It is demanded by my vilin teacher that I (shuld) practise playing the vilin every day.我的小提琴老师要求我每天练习拉琴。It ccurred t him that his farm had much ptential.他突然想到他的农场还是很有潜力的。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①It desn't matter ______ he says.②It is nt clear _____ will attend t this matter.③It desn't interest me ________ r nt yu succeed.[能力提升]根据括号内提示，用it作形式主语单句写作④很显然，地球是圆的。(bvius)__________________________________________⑤我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。(an hnur)__________________________________________
It is bvius that the earth is rund.　
It is an hnur that I was invited t yur birthday party.
⑥许多学生认为英语是一门有趣的学科。(cnsider)________________________________________________________⑦他在这次坠机事件中幸免于难真是奇迹。(wnder)________________________________________________________⑧人们常常建议生病时要多喝水。(suggest)_________________________________________________________⑨我们已经决定将会议推迟到下周一。(decide)________________________________________________________
It is cnsidered by many students that English is an interesting subject.　
It is a wnder that he survived the plane crash.　
It is ften suggested that ne (shuld) drink plenty f water when he/she is sick.　
It is decided that the meeting has been put ff until next Mnday.
5．It/That sunds like...听起来好像……[归纳拓展]
That sunds like a gd idea.那听起来像是一个好主意。The stne lks like a mnkey.这石头看上去好像是只猴子。Jack seems like an hnest by.杰克似乎像个诚实的男孩儿。The stry sunds exciting.这故事听起来很刺激。It sunds as if/thugh yu had a great time in Paris.听起来好像你在巴黎玩得很开心。
[基础练习]翻译句子①听起来是个好主意。___________________________________________________②它看起来就像一个飞机模型。___________________________________________________③他的话听起来是真的。____________________________________________________④听起来好像他去过美国。____________________________________________________
It sunds like a gd idea.
It lks like a mdel f plane.　
What he said sunded a true stry.
It sunded as if/thugh he had been t America.
6．It feels gd ding...做……感觉真棒/真好It feels gd knwing that there are s many ther peple wh are cmmitted t cntributing t a better future fr ur planet.知道还有那么多人在为地球的美好未来做出贡献，感觉真好。[句式分析]句型中It为形式主语，真正主语是动名词短语ding...。另外，It feels gd t d sth.(做某事感觉真好)是不定式短语作真正主语，而it是形式主语。如：It feels gd t be back hme.回到家感觉真好。
[基础练习]翻译句子①在乡村小路上散步感觉真棒。_______________________________________________________②跟你在一起感觉真好。________________________________________________________③有机会帮别人的忙感觉真棒。________________________________________________________
It feels gd walking alng a cuntryside rad.
It feels gd t get tgether with yu.
It feels gd t have a chance t help thers.
7.“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构[教材原句]Plastic packaging keeps the prduct fresh.塑料包装使产品保持新鲜。[句式分析]“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、分词等，用法如下：(1)keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词(2)keep＋宾语＋介词短语(3)keep＋宾语＋现在分词(短语)Everybdy must keep yur clthes clean.每个人都必须保持衣服干净。Please keep yur hands behind yur back.请把你的双手放在背后。Remember t keep the engine running, fr it is difficult t start.记着让发动机不停地运转，因为把它发动起来很困难。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①The questin kept me ________ (wnder) fr the rest f the night.②It can prevent us frm getting shrt­sighted and it can keep us physically ________ (health).③Dn't keep them ________ (wrk) day and night.[能力提升]翻译句子④请把门开着。________________________________________________________⑤对不起让你久等了。________________________________________________________
Please keep the dr pen.　
I'm srry t have kept yu waiting fr such a lng time.
8.It takes sb. sme time t d sth. 某人花费……时间做某事[教材原句]“This mrning, it tk me 40 minutes t g dwntwn. Mre radwrks n the A10！”“今天早上，我去市中心花了40 分钟。A10公路上的道路工程比之前更多了！”[句式分析]It takes/tk sb. sme time t d sth.表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”。其中It为形式主语，后面的不定式结构为真正的主语。可与It takes/tk sme time fr sb. t d sth. 互换。It tk him ten years t write the bk.写这本书花费了他十年时间。It tk a lng time fr her t change her attitude.她用了很长时间才改变了态度。
[知识归纳]表“花费”的几个句式(1)sb. spends mney n sth.sb. spends mney (n) dingsb. spends time in sme placesb. spends time n sth.sb. spends time (in) ding sth.(2)sth. cst sme mney某物花了……钱sth. cst sb. sme mney某物花了某人……钱It cst (sb.) sme mney t buy sth.买某物花了(某人)……钱(3)sb. pay sme mney fr sth.(4)It takes sb. sme time t d sth.某人花费……时间去做某事
[基础练习]单句语法填空①It tk him nly a few minutes _______ (draw) the picture.②____ will take a lng time fr her t recver frm the illness.③Hw lng des it take _______ (g) there n ft?
9．形容词(短语)作状语[教材原句]Hw ften d we arrive at wrk r schl, stressed ut, tired and angry？我们有多少次抵达工作地点或学校时感到焦虑、疲惫和愤怒？[句式分析]在英语句子结构中，形容词(短语)可充当状语，用来描述谓语动作(或分词短语中的宾补动作)发生的时间、原因、条件、伴随状态等。当形容词(短语)作状语时，通常用逗号与主句分开，位置可在句首、句中或句末。The survivrs lay n the beach, shcked and exhausted.幸存者躺在海滩上，心有余悸，疲惫不堪。(表状态)
Hungry (＝Because he was hungry), he hurried t the kitchen.因为太饿了，他匆忙跑到厨房。(表原因)Eager fr an immediate reply (＝Because he was eager fr an immediate reply), he sent me anther e­mail. 由于渴望立刻得到回复，他又给我发了一封电子邮件。(表原因)He apprached us，full f aplgies.他向我们走来，并连声道歉。(表伴随状态)Wet r fine (＝Whether it was wet r fine), he gt up at six and tk a walk in the park.不管下雨天还是晴天，他总是六点钟起床到公园里散散步。(表让步)
[基础练习]完成句子①________________ (既惊奇又高兴), Tm came t the frnt and accepted the prize.②________________(沉浸在阅读中), he didn't ntice smene slide int the rm.③His meal lay n the table, _________ (没吃).④__________ (无论生病与否), the yung man always studied very hard.⑤Every natin, __________ (无论大小), shuld be equal.⑥________________ (愿意做这件事), the girl ndded her agreement.
Surprised and delighted
Lst/Deep in reading
big r small
Willing t d this
10．the number f...作主语时的主谓一致[教材原句]In the last 20 years, the number f cars n the rads has gne up by 25%.在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。[句式分析]the number f 的主谓一致“the number f＋名词”作主语，中心词是the number，谓语动词用单数形式；a number f意为“若干；许多”，相当于many，和复数名词连用，“a number f＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number f undergraduates has increased ver the years.本科生的人数这几年已经增加了。A number f wmen want t be language teachers.许多女性想成为语言教师。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①With a rise in ______ number f cars, traffic has becme increasingly heavier.②____ gd number f bks in the market are examinatin­riented.③Nwadays the number f cllege graduates in a cuntry ________ (reflect) its cultural standard.④A number f highly qualified schlars ________ (wrk) in Singapre till nw.
【跟踪演练】　　　Ⅰ.短语汉译英1．目前，现在 ________________2．在危险中 ________________3．过着……的生活 _____________4．尽自己的职责 _______________5．起某种作用 ________________6．对……热情 ________________7．削减，减少 ________________8．采取措施 ________________9．由于，幸亏 ______________10．总之 _____________11．处境危险，受到威胁 __________12．依赖，依靠 ____________
be passinate abut
take steps/actin
13．由于 ________________14．负有责任 ________________15．毁灭；抹去 ________________16．消失；绝迹，灭绝 __________17．对某物有影响 ________________18．扔掉 ______________19．从今往后 _____________20．废除；结束；去掉 _____________21．同意；和……意见一致 __________22．以……告终 ________________23．充满了 ______________24．几个；一对 __________25．中途停留 ____________
have an impact n sth.　
d away with
end up ding/with
Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．When the whle area was cut ____ by the fld, the gvernment sent fd there by helicpter.2．The class is discussing a newspaper article that urges citizens ________ (help) reduce the nise and air pllutin in the city.3．The chairman asked me t cut _____ the reprt, because he didn't want t speak fr t lng at that meeting.4．One­fifth f the animals and plants in this regin are ________ threat f ________ (extinct).5．Nises, typically caused by ships r cnstructin, d pse a threat ____ marine animals, disturbing their ability t lcate fd.
6．Withut yur help, I wuld nt ________ (win) the first prize in the cntest last term.7．The reasn _____ he resigned his pst was _______ there was a mre attractive and challenging jb fr him.8．Bilgists warned that changes caused by a warming planet were behind the bears' ________ (usual) behavir and culd affect the entire ecsystem.9．My brther lent me the mney, therwise I culdn't __________ (affrd) the trip.10．But fr the sldiers wh set up defence against the flds in time, the cities n the lwer part wuld ________ (fall) int a bigger mess.
have affrded
have fallen
Ⅲ.单句写作1．我的建议是我们应该告诉他真相。___________________________________________________2．虽然有雾，但是飞机还是照常起飞了。___________________________________________________3．这所大学建于1900年，是世界上最著名的大学之一。___________________________________________________________4．他父母死了，给他留下了许多钱。____________________________________________________
My suggestin is that we shuld tell him the truth.
The plane tk ff as usual despite the fg.
Funded in 1900, this university is ne f the mst famus universities in the wrld.
His parents died, leaving him a lt f mney.
5．无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。_______________________________________________________6．昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。_______________________________________________________7．我有一本封面是红色的故事书。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．她永远忘不了她结婚的那一天。_________________________________________________________
We can wrk ut whatever difficulties we meet.
Yesterday I helped an ld man wh/that lst his way.
I have a strybk whse cver is red./I have a strybk, the cver f which is red./I have a strybk, f which the cver is red.
She will never frget the day when (＝n which) she gt married.