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所属成套资源:外研新标准英语初二上学期练习题全套
Module 2(精讲)-2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语上册单元重难单词短语句型语法精讲精炼
展开讲解本八年级英语外研社版 Module 2 My home town and my country【学习导航】交际话题:表达建议重点单词:1. hill n.小山;小丘2.population n.(某一地区的)人口,全体居民3.million nun.百万4.pretty adv.[主口]相当地;非常;很5.than prep.比6.get v.变成;成为7.mountain n.山;山岳8.countryside n.农村地区;乡下重点短语 1. pretty good相当好;很好2.be famous for因…而闻名3.in fact事实上4.in the east of在……的东部5.lots of=a lot of=plenty of许多6.on the coast在海边核心句型 1. What’s the population of Shenzhen?深圳有多少人口? 句型:What’s the population of …?......的人口数是多少?2.表示“比较”的句型: = 1 \* GB3 ①It’s getting bigger and busier.它正变得更大、更繁华。 = 2 \* GB3 ②Some day it will become as busy as Hong Kong, I’m sure.我相信,有一天它会变得和香港一样繁华。 = 3 \* GB3 ③Let’s taller than many other buildings in Shenzhen.它比深圳的许多其他建筑物都高。核心语 法 主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。教材新知讲解Unit1 It’s taller than many other buildings.学点1. population的用法小结 What’s the population of Shenzhen?深圳的人数是多少?(P.10)population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错。 ① population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 e.g.The world’s population is increasing faster and faster. ② 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. ③ 有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。 e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion. =There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。 e.g.India has a large population. Singapore has a small population. ⑤ 询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much...?”,而用“How large...?”。在问具体人口时用“What...?”。 e.g.—What is the population of Canada? = How large is the population of Canada? 例:The population of Canada _____ about 29 ______.A. is millions B. is million C. are millions解析:population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式,且在million前有确切数值时,不加-s.故选B。答案:B. is million学点2. million用法小结—What’s the population of Shenzhen?深圳的人口有多少?(P.10)— It’s over ten million.大约一千多万。million是数词,意思是“百万”。它的用法如下:① 当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且后也不接介词of。e.g.Four million people 四百万人 但是,后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of。e.g.About three million of them have left there. 他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。 ②当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of,然后才能接名词。 e.g.The history cost them millions of pounds.那个工厂花费了他们数百万英镑。例:They spend _______ yuan building the school.A. millions B. millions of C. million解析:数词million,意思是“百万”当与具体数字连用时,常用单数,而且后也不接介词of,当不与具体数字连用时,表示泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of,然后才能接名词。故选B。答案:B. millions of学点3. Pretty的用法Pretty good!相当好!(P.10) pretty此处用作副词,意为“相当地;非常;很”,常用于口语中。pretty good意为“相当好;很好”。It’s pretty cold.天气相当冷。(2018•西安)What do you think of the house?—It’s ____ comfortable.A. too B. pretty C. much解析:much“很多”常表示数量意义,或跟其他副词联用very“很”,常表示程度。但没有感情色彩。而pretty“相当”,表示程度,常修饰形容词或其他副词,有感情色彩。相比较来说,pretty应该比较好。故选B。答案:B. pretty 学点4. than的用法So it’s a newer city than Hong Kong?这么说它是一个比香港还新的城市?(P.10)than此处用作介词,意为“比”。than之前要用形容词或副词的比较级。如:Sally is quieter than before.萨莉比以前更文静了例如:A journey by train is ____ than by bus.A. more relaxing B. relaxing C. most relaxing D. the most relaxing 解析:由题干中的关键词than可知,本句是比较级句型,故此处用比较级。relaxing是多音节形容词,其比较级是more relaxing。故选A. more relaxing。答案:A 学点5. 辨析:get,become,turn,grow与goIt’s getting bigger and busier.它正变得更大、更繁华。(P.10)get在句子中的意思是“变得”。下面看一下它与其他词的区别运用。He got happy after hearing the good news.听到那条好消息后他变得高兴了。Tom became a teacher at the age of 24.汤姆在24岁时成了一名老师。When she saw me, her face turned red.当她看到我时,她的脸变红了。The old man is growing healthier and healthier.这位老人越来越健康了。Milk soon goes bad in hot weather.牛奶在热天很快变坏。学点6. as…as的运用Some day it will become as busy as Hong Kong,I’m sure.我相信,有一天它会变得和香港一样繁华。(P10)as…as 意为“和……一样,两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级,其否定形式是 not as/ so…as。如:My younger sister is as tall as me.我妹妹和我一样高。Tom doesn't sing as/so well as Lucy.汤姆不如露西唱得好。例如:Everyone knows the Yellow River isn’t so ____ as the Yangtze river.A long B longer C. longest解析:not so…as是as…as…的否定形式,so与as中间应用形容词或副词的原级,故选A。答案:A long学点7. much在比较级中的运用Its streets are much wider and cleaner too.它的街道也更宽、更干净。(P10)much用于比较级前,表示程度,以加强语气。用于修饰比较级的副词(短语)还有even,far,rather,a little,a lot,a bit等。It's much hotter today than yesterday.今天比昨天热得多。例如:—Peter, would you like to watch a movie with me?. —I'd love to. But I am _____ busier these days. I have lots of work to do.A. much B. quite C. very D. too解析:由空格后的 busier可知,此处需要一个可以修饰比较级的副词(短语),常见的修饰比较级的副词(短语)有much,even,a little,a bit等,而quite,very,too不可以修饰比较级。故选:A。答案:A. much学点8. 辨析: remember to do sth.与remember doing sth.Remember to visit the Diwang Tower.记得去参观一下地王大厦。(P10)Remember既可以接带to的不定式,也可以接动名词,但所表达的意义不一样。 remember to do sth.记得去做某事(事情还未做);remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)如:I remembered to meet him at the airport.我记得要去机场接他。I remembered meeting him at the airport.我记得去机场接他。例题:Tom, please remember _____ the lights when you leave.A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off解析:remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事,remember to do sth.意为“记得要去做某事”。由句意“汤姆,你离开的时候请记得关灯”知此处表示“还没去关灯”,应用 remember to do sth.结构。故选C。答案:C. to turn off Unit 2 Cambridge is a beautiful city in the east of England.学点9. 介词in表达方位的用法Cambridge is in the east of England.剑桥在英格兰东部。(P12) in the east of意为“在……的东部”,指在某一地域范围之内的东部。若两地在地域上是包含关系,表示两者位置关系时用“ in the+方位名词+of”。注意;in/ on/ to the east of… 都表示“在…东面”。但in表示范围之内;on表示与领土接壤;to表示隔海相望,在范围之外。如:Shanghai is in the east of China.North Korea is on the east of China.Japan is to the east of China.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city ____ the east of England.A. between B. with C. in D. under解析:between“在两者之间”;with“和”;in“在……里”;under“在……下方”。由句意“剑桥是英格兰东部的一个小城市”可知,此处表示位置。由地理常识知 Cambridge属于 England,所以用in the+方位名词+of。”表示位置关系。故选C。答案:C. in 学点10. be famous for的用法 My home town is especially famous for its university.我的家乡尤其因它的大学而闻名。(P12)辨析:be famous for与be famous asbe famous for“因……而闻名”,后接闻名的原因。be famous as“作为……闻名”,而后接表示职位、名称、身份等的词。China is famous for the great wall.中国因长城而闻名。Mo Yan is famous as a writer.莫言作为一名作家而闻名。例题:(2017石家庄)根据所给中文完成句子翻译。菊花岛以它的美丽而闻名。Juhua Island ____ its beauty.解析:英文部分缺少的是“因……而闻名”,be famous for意为因……而闻名”,为固定短语;主语 Juhua Island为第三人称单数形式,时态为一般现在时,be动词应用is。故填is famous for。学点11. enjoy的用法。Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat.学生和游客喜欢乘船沿河游览。(P12)enjoy及物动词,意为“喜欢”。enjoy后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。My elder sister enjoys music.我姐姐喜欢音乐。Children enjoy playing the game.孩子们喜欢玩这个游戏。【拓展】enjoy oneself意为“过得愉快,玩得开心”,相当于have a good time或have fun。We're enjoying ourselves very much in Shanghai now.我们现在在上海玩得很开心。例如:(2022·济南) — Did you enjoy in Chengdu last week?— Yes, I had great fun there.A. myself B. yourself C. ourselves D. themselves解析:enjoy oneself为固定短语,意为“玩得高兴;开心”。由主语you“你”可知用反身代词 yourself,故选B。myself是I的反身代词;ourselves是we的反身代词;themselves是they的反身代词。答案:B. yourself Unit 3 Language in use学点12. “比较级+ than any other+单数可数名词+in …”的用法New York is more famous than any other city in the US。纽约比美国其他任何一个城市都出名。(P16)比较级+ than any other+单数可数名词+in …意为“在某一范围内……比其他任何一个都……”。此结构形式上是比较级,实际上表达最高级的意义,故可与最高级进行同义句转换。Tony is taller than any other boy in his class.= Tony is the tallest boy in his class.【拓展】比较级+ any other + 单数可数名词,表示同一范围内比较。than any + 单数可数名词,表示不同范围内比较。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河流都长。(同一范围内比较)The Yangtze River is longer than any river in India.长江比印度的任何一条河流都长。(不同范围内比较)例如(济南)Tom is ____ than any other player in the school team.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall解析:“比较级+ than any other+单数可数名词+in …”为固定结构,可用来表示同一范围内的最高级意义。tall比较级为taller,故选B。句意是:汤姆比校队中的其他任何队员都高。答案: B. taller学点13. 辨析:how many和how much How many people work there?多少人在那里工作?(P17) how many意为“多少”,后接可数名词复数,对可数名词的数量进行提问。How many girls are there in your class?你们班有多少名女生?how much意为“多少”,后接不可数名词,对不可数名词的量进行提问;也可对物品的价格进行提问,意为“多少钱”。How much money have you got?你有多少钱?例如:(2022·上海) — _____ Disney amusement parks are there in china?—Two.A. How many B. How often C How soon D. How long 解析:how many意为“多少”,对可数名词的数量进行提问; how often意为“多久一次”,对表示频率的词或短语进行提问;how soon意为“多久之后”,对“in+一段时间”进行提问; how long意为“多长;多长时间”,对物体的长度或时间段进行提问。由答语“Two。(两个)”可推知此处提问数量,故选A。问句句意为“在中国有多少个迪士尼游乐园?”。答案: A. How many 【单元语法盘点】1.形容词比较本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。 (1)规则变化: (2)形容词比较级用法 ① 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。 e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.② 有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。 e.g.I feel even worse now.③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。 e.g.I am two years older than he.④表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。 e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. ⑤表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。 e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.⑥ 表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。 e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels. 提升 核心素养英国最美丽的城市,伦敦 伦敦是世界时尚、美丽之都,在伦敦,令人惊讶的是,这座城市在其悠久的历史中,一直是世界上最现代,最具吸引力的城市之一。今天的伦敦文化结合了来自不同国家的人们,拥有蓬勃发展的青年文化,与周围的古老建筑形成鲜明对比。历史悠久的美丽城市——伦敦,欢迎你!Welcome to London!London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is a wonderful city, It’s the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people. It sits by the River Thames with a history of more than 2,000 years. Many people from around the world moved to London. They have brought with them their own languages and cultures. London is known for its museums. And it’s also home to arts, such as theatre and music. There are many interesting places in London, such as the Big Ben,Buckingham Palace. Besides, Hyde Park is the largest open area in central London. Come here, Welcome to London!根据短文内容,选择正确答案。 1. It’s _____ (big) city in Western Europe with over 7 million people.A. big. B. bigger. C. . 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. The location of London. B. The food in London.C. The interesting places in London. D. The history of London.答案:1. C 2.B解析:1. “in Western Europe”是比较范围,根据句意,“它(伦敦)拥有七百多万人口,是西欧的最大城市”可知,选C。2.根据句子“London…It sits by the River Thames with a history of more than 2,000 years.”可知对应的A、D均被提到;根据“London has many wonderful places to visit. For example,….”对应C;只有B没有提到。 get表示进入或变为某种状态,常接形容词或分词。become多用于书面语,强调状态或身份的转变,可接名词或形容词。强调状态或身份的转变。turn强调变得和以前完全不一样,尤其指颜色的变化,后多接形容词。grow指渐渐地变成,强调变化的过程。后可接形容词。go多用来表示进入某种状态,多指不好的状态。其后多接bad,mad,hungry,wrong等令人感到不好的形容词。类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-erlongtalllongertaller不发音的e结尾时加-rlatelargelaterlarger辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-erbighot biggerhotter
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