（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 必修1-3册学案 新人教版

这是一份（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 必修1-3册学案 新人教版，共295页。

必修1-3册学案

WELCOME UNIT
(主题语境：人与自我——高中新生的学校生活)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_exchange__ n．交换；交流vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
2．_lecture__ n．讲座；讲课；教训vi.(开)讲座；讲课vt.训斥
3．_design__ n．设计；设计方案vt.设计；筹划
4．_campus__ n．校园；校区
5．_annoy__ vt.使恼怒；打扰
6．_senior__ adj.级别(或地位)高的n.较年长的人
7．_guy__ n．小伙子；男人；家伙
8．_experiment__ n．实验；试验
9．_junior__ adj.地位(或职位、级别)低下的n.职位较低者；(体育运动中)青少年
10．_goal__ n．目标；球门；射门
11．_partner__ n．同伴；配偶；合伙人
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．register vt.& vi．_登记；注册__
2．sex n．_性别__
3．outgoing adj．_爱交际的；外向的__
4．awkward adj．_令人尴尬的；难对付的__
5．forward adv．_向前；前进__ adj．_向前的；前进的__
6．flash n．_光；信号__
vi．_闪耀；闪光；发出信号__ vt．_使闪耀；发出(信号)__
7．strategy n．_策略；策划__
8．style n．_方式；作风__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．female adj.女(性)的；雌的n.雌性动(植)物；女子→ _male__ adj.男(性)的；雄的n.雄性动(植)物；男子
2．nation n．国家；民族；国民→ _national__ adj.国家的；民族的→ _nationality__ n．国籍；民族
3．formal adj.正式的；正规的→ _informal__ adj.非正式的；非正规的
4．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→ _anxiously__ adv.焦虑地→ _anxiety__ n．焦虑；不安
5．frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的→ _frightening__ adj.令人恐惧的→ _frighten__ vt.使惊恐；吓唬
6．impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目→ _impression__ n．印象→ _impressive__ adj.给人留下深刻印象的
7．concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神→ _concentration__ n．专心；专注；集中
8．explore vt.& vi.探索；勘探→ _exploration__ n．勘探；探险；探索
9．confident adj.自信的；有把握的→ _confidence__ n．信心；信任
10．organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建vi.组建；成立→ _organised__ adj.有组织的→ _organisation__ n．组织；团体；机构
11．improve vt.& vi.改进；改善→ _improvement__ n．改进；改善
12．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→ _curiously__ adv.好奇地→ _curiosity__ n．好奇心
13．company n．公司；商行；陪伴→ _companion__ n．同伴；伴侣
14．personality n．性格；个性→ _person__人；(语法)人称；身体→ _personal__ adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→ _personally__ adv.亲自地
15．revise vt.& vi.修改；修订；复习→ _revision__ n．复习；温习；修订
1.(2020·全国卷I)One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in _experiments__(experiment)using some common vegetables.
2．(2021·浙江卷)The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature．
3．(2021·3月天津卷)Jiuzhaigou National (nation)Park is a nature reserve in the north of Sichuan Province.
4．(2020·浙江卷)When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my _designs__(design)were.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
5．(2020·全国卷II)There is also the matter of tone(语气)．Who hasn’t received an email so _annoying__(annoy)that it ruined an entire day?
6．(2021·浙江卷)If you ever get the impression (impress) that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something.
7．(2020·天津卷)—What does the example of Galileo tell us?
—Greatness comes from a lasting desire _to explore__(explore)．
8．(2020·天津卷)“I work quickly，” she said.Her voice was soft but _confident__(confidence)as she pointed to the corner near the windows.“If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”
9．(2020·全国卷II) _Organised__(organise)by the student union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend.
10．(2021·3月天津卷)Great improvements (improve)in public health have been brought about by advances in medical science.
11．(2020·全国卷III)Filled with _curiosity__(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
12．(2020·江苏卷)Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your _personal__(person) life.
13．(2019·天津卷)No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face.I’ve never _exchanged__(exchange) words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.
14．(2019·浙江卷)By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s _confidence__(confident), when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.
15．(2019·北京卷)Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and _concentration__(concentrate) of phytoplankton(浮游植物)．
16．(2019·全国卷II)He had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but, _frightened__(frighten), it had run off.

联想积累：
1．“可怕的”高频形容词
①terrifying　　　　 极其可怕的；吓人的
②alarming　　　　 令人惊恐的
③awful 　　　　 可怕的；惊人的
④horrible　　　　 恐怖的
⑤terrible 　　　　 可怕的
2．后缀-ation 高频名词集锦
①inspiration　　　　 鼓舞；灵感
②consideration　　　　 考虑
③celebration　　　　 庆祝；庆典
④appreciation　　　　 欣赏；感激
⑤organisation　　　　 组织；团体；机构
3．负面情绪差异化
①upset　　　　 不安的；心烦的
②depressed　　　　 消沉的；沮丧的
③frustrated　　　　 失意的；挫败的
④down 　　　　 情绪低落的
⑤unpleasant　　　　 不愉快的
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_at the airport__在飞机场
2．_at last__终于；最终
3．_make an impression__留下好印象
4．_what if__要是……会怎么样呢？
5．_concentrate on__集中精力于
6．_leave...alone__不打扰；不惊动
7．_junior high school__(美国)初级中学
8．_not...any more__不再
9．_look forward to__盼望；期待
10．_at the same time__与此同时
11．_come true__实现；成为现实
12．_go down__下降；下落
13．_come out__显现；出来
14．_take notes__记笔记
15．_be curious about__对……好奇
16．_plan to do sth.__计划做某事
17．_either...or...__或者……或者……
18．_be busy doing sth.__忙于做某事
19．_begin with__由……开始
20．_do well in__擅长……，善于……
1．(2021·浙江卷)It was tiring work, but I _looked forward to__ the pay, even though I wasn’t sure how much it would amount to.
2．(2020·山东卷) _At last__， all the runners managed to arrive the finish line, receiving cheers from all the directions.
3．(2020·全国卷I) _What if__ it isn’t a real opportunity.
4．(2020·浙江卷)What should you pay most attention to when _taking notes__？
5．(2019·浙江卷)When giving praise, parents should be sincere and _concentrate on__ the process instead of the result.
6．(2019·全国卷II)It’s about two sisters—Eri, a model who _either__ won’t _or__ can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.
7．(2021·全国甲卷)It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
8．(2021·全国甲卷) Burchill was packing at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.
联想积累：
1．“集中注意力”聚焦
①focus on 集中注意力于
②be absorbed in 全神贯注于
③pay attention to注意
④concentrate on集中精力于
2．“最终；终于”家族
①finally adv.　　　　　　 最后；终于
②eventually adv.　　　　 最后；终于
③in the end　　　　 最后；终于
④at length　　　　 最后；终于
3．to为介词的短语荟萃
①get used to　　　　 习惯于
②be accustomed to　　　　 习惯于
③object to　　　　 反对
④be addicted to　　　　 对……上瘾
Ⅲ．经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．what if要是……会怎么样？
What if no one talks to me?
要是没人跟我说话怎么办？(教材P4)
2．there与动词be连用表示存在
I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and there’s a lot to explore at senior high.
我想念初中的朋友，但是我相信在这儿我将结交新的朋友，并且在高中有很多东西等待我去探索。(教材P4)
3．either...or...或者……或者
If I’m not in class, I’m either in the library or in the computer lab.
如果我没在上课，那么我不是在图书馆就是在计算机实验室。(教材P8)
1．(2020·全国卷I)如果在以后的生活中，他们来到了一个隐喻的门前，比如一个机会之类的，会怎么样呢？
_What if__ later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort?
2．(2020·全国卷III)在乔迁之喜聚会上通常没有游戏之类的计划活动。然而，宴会的主人或女主人可能会带所有的客人参观他们的新家。
_There are__ usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.
3．(2021·浙江卷)研究人员训练了一组11只狗来区分用同一个人做一张快乐或愤怒的脸的图像。
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making _either__ a happy _or__ an angry face．


课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．exchange n．交换；交流vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
教材原句
I’m an exchange student from the UK.(P2)
我是一名来自英国的交换生。
词块必记
(1)exchange sth.for sth. 用……来交换……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
(2) in exchange for 交换
(3)exchange student 交换生
巧学妙记

名师点津
exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①If there had not been _an__exchange programme，he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.
②We students should often exchange ideas _with__ our parents，who are rich in experience，and above all, love us most in the world.
③I’ve offered to paint the kitchen _in__exchange for a week’s accommodation.
④I’d like to exchange some pounds _for__ dollars.
完成句子
⑤在活动中，我们就学习、生活方式和文化交换了意见。
During the activities, we _exchanged our ideas__on learning，ways of life and culture.
2．design n．设计；图案vt.计划；构思
典型例句
They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.
他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。
词块必记
(1)design...for...为……设计/计划……
be designed for..为……而设计
be designed to do sth.意欲做某事，目的是做某事
(2) by design 故意地；蓄意地
(3)designer n．设计者
名师点津
表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结：
故意地：by design；on purpose；deliberately
偶然地：by chance；by accident；accidentally
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The exercises are designed _to strengthen__ (strengthen) your stomach muscles.
②It was a mirror _designed__ (design) in the Song Dynasty and decorated in the fancy style of that time.
③Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or _by__ design?
④My desire is to work in a local computer company as a programme _designer__ (design)．
句式升级
⑤The project, which was designed to help the students in need，didn’t work out as planned.
→The project, _designed__ to help the students in need，didn’t work out as planned.(分词作后置定语)
3．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
教材原句
I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now．(P4)
我并不外向，所以现在有点焦虑。
词块必记
(1)be anxious for sb. 为某人担心
be anxious about sth. 为某事担心
be anxious for sth.想要得到某物
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事
(2)anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
名师点津
名词变形容词的后缀-ous curiosity→curious好奇的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
即学即用
完成句子
①她急于想知道发生了什么事。
She was _anxious to know__what had happened.
②干旱持续了几个月，这使农民感到焦虑。
The drought had lasted several months, which _made__the farmers _anxious__.
③父母对孩子的未来感到焦虑是很自然的。
It’s natural for parents to _be/feel anxious about__ their children’s future.
④所有人都焦急地等待游客平安到来的消息。
All the people were waiting _with anxiety__ for the news of the tourists’ safe arrival.
4．annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的
典型例句
He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.
因为我的粗心，他开始对我很生气。
词块必记
(1)annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼
It annoys sb. that...让某人生气的是……
It annoys sb. to do sth.做某事让某人生气
(2)be annoyed with sb.对某人生气
be annoyed at/about sth.因某事而生气
be annoyed to do/that...……使人恼火
(3)annoying adj.令人恼怒的；令人烦恼的(表示事或物的性质)
annoyance n．[U]恼怒；烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The boss was annoyed _with__ him because he was often late for work this month.
②It was really _annoying__ (annoy); I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended.
③I was annoyed _about/at__ his attitude towards the thing.
完成句子
④说实话，选民有时候感到烦恼，不是因为它们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。
To be honest, voters sometimes _feel annoyed__， not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
5．frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的
教材原句
I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.(P4)
我一点也没觉得尴尬或害怕。
词块必记
(1)be frightened of...害怕……
be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事
be frightened to death被吓得要死
(2)fright n．害怕
(3)frighten vt.& vi.惊恐；害怕
(4)frightening adj.令人惊吓的；恐怖的
名师点津
以-ed结尾的形容词表示“感到……”，以-ing结尾的形容词表示“令人……的”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2018·课标全国Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is _more frightened__(frighten), me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
②She is frightened ＋＋＋__of__the dark and needs to be accompanied.
③She was frightened _to look__ (look) down from the top of a tall building.
用frighten的适当形式填空
④After seeing the _frightening__ film, the _frightened__ boy was too _frightened__to walk home alone in the dark.
6．impression n．印象；感想
教材原句
I want to make a good first impression．(P4)
我想留个好的第一印象。
词块必记
(1)leave/make a(n)....impression on sb.
给某人留下……印象
have/get a(n)...impression of...对……有……的印象
(2)impress vt.使铭记；铭刻；使印象深刻
使某人牢记某事
(3)be impressed by/at/with对……印象深刻
be impressed on one’s mind/memory 被印在脑海里
(4)impressive adj．感人的；给人印象深刻的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①—What’s your _impression__(impress)of the new teacher?
—He is a kind and handsome young man, but what _impresses__(impress)me most is his sense of humour.
②You’ll be _impressed__(impress) with the brightness and the beauty of the colors.
③Your progress in Spanish is really _impressive__(impress)．
④There is no need to buy the most expensive clothes to make a good _impression__(impress)．
句式升级
⑤I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.
→ _Impressed by__ the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.(分词作状语)
7．concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神
教材原句
I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.(P4)
我不能全神贯注于这个实验。
词块必记
(1)concentrate on/upon(doing) sth专心于(做)某事
concentrate...on/upon (doing) sth集中……于(做)某事
concentrate one’s efforts/mind/attention on...致力于/专心于/集中注意力于……
(2)concentration n．集中；专心；专注
concentrated adj.全力以赴的；集中的；浓缩的
名师点津
表示“集中注意力于；专心于”的常用短语还有：
(1)be absorbed in
(2)pay attention to
(3)apply oneself to
(4)devote oneself to/be devoted to
(5)put one’s heart into
(6)be buried in/bury oneself in
(7)be lost in/lose oneself in
(8) fix/focus one’s attention on
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate _on/upon__ our studies.
②He concentrated his energy on _studying__(study)the history of Britain.
③Speaking on the phone requires _concentration__(concentrate) and takes a driver’s attention from the road.
一句多译
你若集中精力学习英语，你会掌握这门语言的。
④ _If you concentrate__ your energy on English，you will master the language.(条件状语从句)
⑤ _Concentrate__ your energy on English, and you will master the language.(祈使句)
⑥ _Concentrating__ your energy on English will enable you to master the language.(动词-ing形式作主语)
8．leave...alone不打扰；不惊动
教材原句
I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone！(P4)
我真的想告诉他，请安静点，别打扰我！
词块必记
leave out遗漏；不考虑；忽视
leave alone不管；不理睬；不干涉
leave aside搁置；不考虑
leave behind忘带；留下；丢弃
leave for 出发去(某地)
即学即用
完成句子
①一些老人被他们的子女单独留在家中，过着无人照料的孤独的生活。
Some old people are _left alone__ by their own children, who lead a lonely life without being looked after.
②我纳闷他们为什么不考虑如此重要的一个问题。
I wonder why they _left aside__ such an important question.
③不要担心！我们中国人都很友好，你不会感到被冷落的。
Don’t worry! We Chinese are friendly and you won’t feel _left out__.
9．look forward to 盼望；期望
教材原句
Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.(P6)
汤姆正盼望着迎接这名新的交换生。
词块必记
look up to 尊敬；仰视
look forward to 盼望；期待
look into 调查；观察
look up 抬头看；查阅
look back on 回忆，回顾
look out(for...) 注意：留意
look through 浏览；仔细查看
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I’m looking forward to _receiving__(receive) your earliest reply.
②He’s a fine teacher．We’ve always looked up _to__ him.
③A good teacher never looks down _on/upon__ slow students.
④He stood up and looked forward _to see__ (see) what was going on outside.
完成句子
⑤春节是中国人全年期盼的日子。
The Spring Festival is a time Chinese people _look forward to__ all year around.
10．curious adj.好奇的
教材原句
I’m curious about everything.(P8)
我对一切事物都感到好奇。
词块必记
(1) be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2) curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv.好奇地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①We were curious _to know__ (know)why he dressed up for such an informal party.
②When I went to the USA for the first time, I was curious _about__everything around me.
③They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our _curiosity__ (curious) about scientific discoveries.
完成句子
④在中学时，我对电脑产生了好奇心，于是装了第一台电脑。
In high school，I _was curious about__the computer，and installed my first computer.
典型句式精析
1．What if...？要是……会怎么样呢？
教材原句
What if no one talks to me? (P4)
要是没人和我说话怎么办？
考点必记
What if常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“要是……会怎么样呢？”，后面经常用一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以用虚拟语气。
知识拓展
What for...？为……目的？为……理由？
What about.../How about...？……怎么样？(用来征求对方的意见或提出建议)
How come？怎么会呢？
So what？那又怎样？
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2019·天津)What _if__ they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in?
②_What__ if it rains tomorrow?
完成句子
③今天晚上去看电影怎么样？有一部新电影正在上演。
_What/How about going__to the cinema tonight? A new film is on show.
2．find＋宾语(n./pron.)＋宾语补足语
教材原句
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(P4)
我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好而且乐于助人。
考点必记
句中“most of my classmates and teachers”为宾语，“friendly and helpful”为宾语补足语。find＋宾语(n./pron.)＋宾语补足语，意思是“发现……处于……状态”。常用下列形式：
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Dick found himself _walking__ (walk) in the direction of Mike’s place.
②I found myself _surrounded__(surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
③Some students find it difficult _to learn__(learn) English grammar.
句式升级
④He found that his daughter was surrounded by letters and books and she was looking very worried.
→He found his daughter _surrounded by__ letters and books and _looking very worried__.(过去分词和现在分词作宾补)
3．either..or..或者……或者……
教材原句
If I’m not in class, I’m either in the library or in the computer lab．( P8)
如果我没在上课，那么我不是在图书馆就是在计算机实验室。
考点必记
either...or...，意为“不是……就是……；要么……要么……”，用于表示选择，连接两个性质相同的词或短语。either...or...连接两个名词成分作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致，即谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”。
知识拓展
遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词；
neither...nor...既不……也不……
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
not...but...不是……而是……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Either he or I _am__ (be) to go to the laboratory.
②_Are__ (be) either you or I going there tomorrow?
句式升级
③In my opinion, my friends aren’t as positive as Tom．Nor are my classmates.
→In my opinion, _neither my friends nor my classmates are__ as positive as Tom.(neither...nor...)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists _to explore__ (explore) the outer space.
2．When he is interested in others’ books instead of his own, he tries to make _an__ exchange.
3．Sharing with friends helped me bring back my _confidence__ (confident) and fit in with others.
4．The visitors here _are impressed__ (impress) by the fact that people are working hard for a new Jiangsu.
5．If you are _curious__(curiosity) about the history of our school，you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity!
6．Three editors dealt with the work of _revising__(revise) the articles for publication.
7．The People’s Republic of China does not recognise dual (双的) _nationality__(nation) for any Chinese.
8．I am busy _preparing__(prepare) for my final exam next week，which is important to me.
9．Some of us even had made a plan _for__ it a long time before the holiday began.
10．The _organisation__ (organise) would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他看起来比他的朋友年轻；事实上，他比他的朋友年长三岁。(senior)
He looks younger than his friend; in fact, he is three years _senior to his friend__.
2．九寨沟的风景非常迷人，它们给国内外的游客留下了深刻的印象。(impression)
So attractive are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they _leave a deep impression on__ visitors from home and abroad.
3．全国人民都牵挂着他们，并尽力来帮助他们。(anxious)
People across the whole country _were anxious about__ them and made their efforts to help them.
4．放学后玩电脑游戏可以让我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须全神贯注于学习。(concentrate)
Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must _concentrate on__ our studies.
5．只要我们对所做的事情有信心就不要介意别人的话。(confident)
Don’t mind what others say so long as we _are confident in__ what we have done.
6．我一直盼望能有机会去黄山观光。(look forward to)
I have been _looking forward to having a chance__ to pay a visit to Huangshan.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With my high school life 1．_beginning__ (begin)，I feel a little anxious right now．I hope to make a good first 2．_impression__(impress)．But I wonder whether I will make friends or what if no one 3．_talks__ (talk) to me.To tell the truth, the maths class was difficult for me, 4．_but__ the teacher was kind and friendly．He told 5．_us__ (we)a funny story and every student laughed so much! In the afternoon, we had our chemistry class in the science lab．The lab is new and the lesson was 6．_interesting__(interest), but the guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time．Therefore, I couldn’t concentrate 7．_on__ the experiment．I 8．_really__ (real) wanted to tell him to be quiet and leave me alone!
All in all, the first day is 9．_a__ wonderful day．Though I was worried in the morning, I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all．I believe I will make new friends in the new school here and there’s a lot 10．_to explore__ (explore) at senior high．I think that tomorrow will be a great day!
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
罗斯是一个外向的女孩，现在她习惯了高中生活。对一切感到好奇并对未来很有信心；兴趣爱好。
Although Rose is an outgoing girl，she 1．_felt a little anxious__(觉得有点不安)the first time she went to senior high school.Now, she is used to the life in senior high school.She 2．_is curious about everything__(对一切感到好奇)；therefore she often asks questions and tries to solve them by working in groups．Collecting stamps and climbing mountains are her hobbies，and she also likes to play the piano.She 3．_made an impression on me__(给我留下了印象) when doing the experiment in the lab yesterday.Though the experiment was hard, she 4．_concentrated on the experiment__(集中精力做实验) and did well at last.She 5．_is very confident about her future__(对未来很有信心)．
UNIT 1　TEENAGE LIFE
(主题语境：人与自我——青少年的生活)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_debate__ n．辩论；争论vt.& vi.辩论；争论
2．_content__n.内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题adj.满意的；满足的vt.使满意
3．_challenge__n.挑战；艰巨任务vt.怀疑；向……挑战
4．_title__n.(书、诗歌等的)名称；标题；职称；头衔
5．_topic__n.话题；标题
6．_recommend__vt.建议；推荐；介绍
7．_quit__vt.& vi.停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)
8．_expert__n.专家；行家adj.熟练的；内行的；专家的
9．_generation__n.一代(人)
10．_focus__vt.& vi.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距n.中心；重点；焦点
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．teenager n．_(13至19岁之间的)青少年__
2．literature n．_文学；文学作品__
3．extra adj．_额外的；附加的__
4．schedule n．_工作计划；日程安排__ vt．_安排；预定__
5．adventure n．_冒险；奇遇__
6．youth n．_青年时期；青春__
7．adult n．_成年人__ adj．_成年的；成熟的__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．prefer vt.较喜欢→ _preference__n.偏爱
2．movement n．动作；运动；活动→ _move__vt.& vi.移动；搬动vi.行动；搬家；(机器等)活动
3．suitable adj.合适的；适用的→ _suit__vt.& vi.适合；合身；适宜n.西装；套装
4．actually adv.事实上；的确→ _actual__ adj.实际的；真实的
5．confusing adj.难以理解的；不清楚的→ _confused__adj.糊涂的；迷惑的→ _confuse__vt.使糊涂；使迷惑
6．fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→ _fluently__adv.流利地；流畅地
7．graduate vt.& vi.毕业；获得学位n.毕业生→ _graduation__n.毕业
8．advanced adj.高级的；高等的；先进的→ _advance__n.前进；发展vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进
9．obviously adv.显然；明显地→ _obvious__adj.明显的；显而易见的
10．responsible adj.负责的；有责任的→ _responsibility__n.责任；义务
11．solution n．解决方法；答案→ _solve__v.解决；解答
12．behaviour n．行为；举止→ _behave__v.表现得体；表现
13．attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)→ _attraction__n.吸引力；喜欢→ _attractive__adj.有吸引力的；引人入胜的；诱人的
14．addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的→ _addict__n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人v.使上瘾→ _addiction__n.成瘾；癖好
1．(2020·山东卷)Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face _challenges__(challenge) in your life.
2．(2020·天津卷)I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the _experts__(expert) did it.Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
3．(2020·山东卷)Take the fear out of public speaking by _focusing__(focus) on your listeners.
4．(2020·全国卷II)Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out _adventures__(adventure) through the books I checked out from the library.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Which hotel best _suits__ (suit) people who enjoy an active social life?
6．(2021·浙江卷)That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have _actually__(actual)improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.
7．(2020·山东卷)That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated _from__ University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
8．(2020·山东卷)She decided to go back to college _to advance__(advance) her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing.
9．(2021·全国甲卷)A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, _obviously__(obvious), how much fun is had.
10．(2020·山东卷)A few years later, still _attracted__(attract) to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
11．(2019·全国卷I)Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable _behavior__(behave)．
12．(2019·全国卷I)In analyzing his and other research, Dr Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible _for__ those outcomes, too.
13．(2019·全国卷I)Besides, I am fluent _in__ both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings．
联想积累：
1．“建议”高频词小结
①recommendation n．　　　　 推荐
②advise vt.　　　　 建议；忠告
③advice n．　　　　 建议；忠告
④suggest vt.　　　　 建议；提议
⑤suggestion n．　　　　 建议
2．“喜欢与不喜欢”对比记忆
①preference n．　　　　 喜爱；偏爱
②dislike vt.　　　　 不喜欢
③like vt.　　　　 喜欢
④fond adj.　　　　 喜欢的
⑤be keen on　　　　 喜爱，渴望
3．“争论”相关词一览
①argue v．　　　　 争论
②discuss v．　　　　 讨论
③quarrel v．& n．　　　　 争吵
④dispute v．& n．　　　　 争论
⑤debate v．& n．　　　　 争论
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_be suitable for...__对……适合的
2．_sign up (for sth.)__报名(参加课程)
3．_on one’s own__独自地；独立地；靠自己的力量
4．_so that__以便；为了；结果
5．_hand out__取出；把……拿出来；分发；施舍
6．_get used to__习惯于；适应
7．_be responsible for...__对……负责
8．_be worried about...__担心；为……忧虑
9．_keep up with__跟上；赶上
10．_deal with__处理；对待；对付
11．_do well in__擅长；在……方面做得好
12．_try out for__参加……的选拔；争取成为(团队等的一员)
13．_be attracted to__喜爱
14．_focus on__集中；特别关注
15．_encourage sb.to do sth.__鼓励某人干某事
16．_fall behind__落后于
17．_work out__计算出
18．_drop out of school__休学
1．(2021·全国甲卷) Only a few choose to deal with the problems _on their own__.
2．(2020·全国卷III)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work, _so that__ he could choose the best.
3．(2020·天津卷)I never _worried about__ my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye on him.
4．(2020·天津卷)I probably would have continued trying to _keep up with__ him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed.
5．(2020·江苏卷)When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to _deal with__ the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
6．(2021·浙江卷)The new study _focused on__ whether dogs can make sense of human faces.
7．As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I _signed up__ for a part-time design course．
联想积累：
1．“be＋动词-ed＋to”短语荟萃
①be attracted to　　　　　 喜爱
②be devoted to 　　　　 致力于，专心于
③be opposed to 　　　　 反对
④be accustomed to 　　　　 习惯于
2．“动词＋up”短语荟萃
①sign up (for sth.)　　　　 报名(参加课程)
②build up　　　　 树立，建立；积累
③take up 　　　　 拿起；开始从事；占据
④break up　　　　 打碎；分裂；解体
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.动名词短语作主语
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
从初中过渡到高中真的是一项巨大的挑战。(教材P14)
2．so that引导状语从句
I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.
我会想办法提高自己(的足球水平)，这样我明年就能进球队了。(教材P14)
3．it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语
I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.
我有点担心在高级课程上跟不上其他学生，而且很难适应所有的作业。(教材P14)
4．“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
但是花太多的时间上网是不健康的，让你很难集中精力于生活中的其他事情。(教材P18)
1.(2020·全国卷I)重读一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和一个老朋友喝酒一样。
_Returning to a book__ you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
2．(2021·3月天津卷)在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。
While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused _so that__ you won’t make any dangerous errors.
3．(2021·全国乙卷) 《如何变得有趣》的作者Jessica Hagy说，在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难。
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, _it’s not difficult__ to make yourself interesting at a dinner party．
4．(2020·天津卷)虽然图书馆仍在借阅图书，但由于地区图书馆的合作网络，你会发现更容易买到你要找的任何一本书。
While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll _find it easier to__ get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．prefer vt．较喜欢
教材原句
I prefer helping others.(P12)
我更喜欢帮助别人。
词块必记
(1)prefer sth./doing sth.更喜欢某物/做某事
prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做某事
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 与……相比更喜欢……；宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do...rather than do...＝would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)preference n．偏爱；优先
have a preference for偏爱；喜爱
in preference to 优先于
(3)preferable adj.更可取的；更合适的
名师点津
(1)prefer意为“更喜欢；较喜欢”，相当于like...better/more，所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。
(2)prefer的过去式、过去分词均为preferred，现在分词为preferring。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Nowadays many children prefer _surfing__ (surf) the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors.
②The teenagers think their parents don’t understand them so they prefer _to talk__ (talk) to their friends rather than tell their problems to their parents.
③He has never liked meat, and has always had a _preference__ (prefer)for vegetables and fruit.
一句多译
孩子们宁可骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。
④The children preferred _cycling__ to the countryside to _staying__ indoors all the day.
⑤The children preferred _to cycle__ to the countryside rather than _stay__ indoors all the day.
2．content adj.满足的；满意的n.内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题；含量vt.使满足
典型例句
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。
词块必记
(1)be content to do sth. 乐于做某事
be content with 对……满足/满意
(2) content oneself with 满足于
名师点津
“对……满意”的常用短语小结：
be pleased with
be satisfied with
be happy with
即学即用
单句语法填空
①My parents are content _to live__ (live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
②We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content _ourselves__(us) with a holiday in Shanghai.
句式升级
③I hold the firm belief that visitors will be pleased with thoughtful and excellent service.
→I hold the firm belief that visitors will _be content with__ thoughtful and excellent service.
④Those will surely make no difference in life．They content themselves with their present situations.
→Those _who are content with their present situations__ will surely make no difference in life.(合并升级为定语从句；content adj.)
3．suitable adj．合适的；适用的
教材原句
Which club do you think is suitable for Adam? Why? (P12)
你认为哪个社团适合亚当？为什么？
词块必记
(1)suitable for 对……适合的
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(2)suit n．一套外衣；套装
vt．适合；使适宜
suit...to.．使……适合……
suit one’s needs 适合某人的需要
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I think working in a team is _suitable__(suit) for me, because I believe “two heads are better than one”．
②A good teacher suits his lessons _to__ the age of his pupils.
一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。
③I do believe I am _suitable for__ this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English.
④I do believe this voluntary work _suits me__，because I have a good knowledge of English.
4．challenge n．挑战；艰巨任务 vt.怀疑；向……挑战
教材原句
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge．(P14)
从初中过渡到高中真是一个巨大的挑战。
词块必记
(1)a challenge to...对……是挑战
face a challenge面对挑战
accept/take up a challenge接受挑战
meet the challenge of迎接……的挑战
(2)challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb. to do sth.向某人挑战做某事
(3)challenging adj.具有挑战性的
challenger n．挑战者
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Teaching young children is a _challenging__ (challenge)and rewarding job.
②On no condition can we give up our dreams；only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of _challenges__ (challenge)．
完成句子
③(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)对于我来说，我对打篮球十分感兴趣，因为它一直给予我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
As for me, I’m interested in playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to _face the challenges__ in my life.
5．recommend vt．建议；推荐；介绍
教材原句
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.(P14)
因为我喜欢英语而且成绩不错，我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。
词块必记
(1)recommend doing sth.建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should)do sth. 建议某人(应该)做某事
recommend sb. sth./recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐/介绍某物
recommend sb. as...推荐某人为……
(2)recommendation n．[U]推荐；介绍 [C]建议
名师点津
以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。

即学即用
单句语法填空
①The doctor strongly recommended _limiting__ (limit) the amount of fat in my diet.
②We recommend that you _purchase__ (purchase) travel insurance on all holidays.
完成句子
③对于“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”来说，这两条线路都很值得推荐。
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, _both are highly recommended__.
④我推荐你学习唐诗的原因是它们是中国宝贵的文化遗产。
The reason _why I recommend__ you to learn Tang poems is that they are valuable cultural heritage of China.
6．be responsible for 对……负责
教材原句
I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more.(P14)
我知道作为一名高中生，我必须更加努力地学习，并且要适应承担更多的责任。
词块必记
(1)responsible adj.负责任的；对……负责的
(2)responsibility n．责任；责任心；职责；义务
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
take on responsibility 承担责任
It is one’s responsibility to do...做……是某人的责任
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The report on the accident showed that the bus driver should be _responsible__ (response)．
②Each of us must take _responsibility__(responsible)for our own actions.
③Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible _for__ their children.
完成句子
④最后但同等重要的是，充分利用水资源是每个人的责任，比如在日常生活中循环利用水和节约用水。
Last but not least, _it is everyone’s responsibility__ to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
7．attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)
教材原句
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.(P18)
对于你们这一代青少年来说，喜爱电脑游戏和网络世界是很正常的事情。
词块必记
(1)attract one’s attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n．吸引力
a tourist attraction 旅游景点
(3)attractive adj．吸引人的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Mount Tai is _attractive__ (attract) to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.
②A shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers _to__ his shop simply by making changes to its environment.
③As the longest river in Asia，the Yangtze River has so many tourist _attractions__ (attraction)．
8．focus vi.& vi.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n．中心；重点；焦点
教材原句
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.(P18)
但是在网上花太多的时间是不健康的，这让集中精力于生活中的其他事情变得非常困难。
词块必记
(1)focus on 集中于……
focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on...
集中某人的注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing _on__ Chinese traditions.
②Most of us are more _focused__(focus) on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
③With his attention _focused__(focus) on his homework，he forgot all about what I had told him.
④With so many people _focusing__ (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
完成句子
⑤健康和环境问题日益成为人们关注的焦点。
Health and environmental problems have increasingly become _the focus of attention__.
9．addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的
教材原句
Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.(P18)
有些学生甚至沉溺于互联网而无法把精力放在学校和家庭生活中。
词块必记
(1)be/become addicted to 沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)addict vt．使沉溺；使上瘾
n．有瘾的人；痴迷者
addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事
(3)addiction n．癖好；入迷；瘾
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The smarter a child is, the less likely he gets _addicted__ (addict) to TV.
②A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to _sending__ (send) and receiving messages.
一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。
③Many kids _become/get/are addicted to__ surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study．(addicted adj.)
④Many kids _addict themselves to__ surfing the Internet，so they have lost interest in study．(addict vt.)
⑤ _Addicted to surfing__ the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study.
典型句式精析
1．so that以便；为了
教材原句
I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.(P14)
我会找到方法来自我提高以便于明年能加入足球队。
考点必记
(1)so that意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中的动词常和情态动词may/might，can/could，should，would等连用。
(2)so that引导目的状语从句时可换为in order that。
(3)当so that引导的目的状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时，可改写为in order to do/so as to do结构。
(4)so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”。主从句之间可用逗号相隔，不能和in order that换用。
即学即用
完成句子
①您能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法以便我们更容易记住它们吗？
Would you like to introduce to us some good ways to learn new words _so that we can remember__ them more easily?
②许多运动员参加奥运会为的就是能为祖国赢得荣誉。
Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games _so that they can win__ glory for their homeland.
句式升级
③In order to speak English fluently, I practise oral English with my partner every day.
→I practise oral English with my partner every day _so that I can speak__ English fluently.
2．“make＋it＋adj.＋to do”结构
教材原句
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.(P18)
但是在网上花太多的时间是不健康的，这让集中精力于生活中的其他事情变得非常困难。
考点必记
(1)本句中的“makes it very difficult to focus on...”是“make it＋adj.＋to do”结构，在该结构中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
(2)该结构有如下形式：
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do不定式
make＋it＋no good/no use/no value...＋doing sth.
(3)常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider，suppose，make等。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)So I thought _it__would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
②I consider it no use _quarrelling__(quarrel) with him about it.
一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。
③The newly-built stadium is large enough, _which makes it possible for us to take part in various activities__.(定语从句)
④The newly-built stadium is large enough, _making it possible for us to take part in various activities__.(分词作状语)
3．It＋be＋adj.＋动词不定
教材原句
I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course，and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.(P14)
我有点担心在高级课程上跟不上其他同学，而且很难适应所有的作业。
考点必记
本句型中it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语；不定式的前面可以通过for/of加上自己的逻辑主语。
(1)It be＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有easy，important，difficult，possible，necessary等。
(2)It be＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格等，常见的有kind，nice，good，stupid，silly，careful，careless等。
即学即用
①It is unwise _to expect__ (expect) your child to follow your path.
②It is good _for__ you to do exercise.
③It is careless _of__ you to make so many mistakes in the exam.
句式升级
④Learning English well is easy for you if you study hard.
→ _It is easy for you to learn__ English well if you study hard.(It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋动词不定式)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The earliest colonists found many forests and _suitable__(suit) soil with enough rainfall.
2．A GPS system also tracks students’ _movements__ (move) even once they have left the school dormitories.
3．There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships, as each of us has different _preferences__(prefer) and points of view as to what is a great relationship.
4．Lake Constance used to be polluted but it had been cleaned _up__in recent years.
5．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) _Actually__ (actual)，I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old，but I have long been out of practice.
6．My sister is a middle school student and she gets used to _listening__(listen) to some light music before sleep．
7．In order to enrich her knowledge，my sister signed up _for__ a distance-learning course.
8．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)After _graduation__ (graduate), she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
9．White-water rafting is more _adventurous__(adventure) and difficult than normal rafting.
10．(2018·北京卷)Knowing these causes can make us examine our _behaviour__ (behave), and correct bad habits.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．如何开始比在哪里停止更困难。(疑问词＋不定式)
_How to begin__ is more difficult than where to stop.
2．你能否再次参观天津，以便于我们可以再次见面？(so that)
Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again _so that we may meet again__？
3．我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以学习的当地人真是太好了。(it作形式主语)
I badly need to improve my oral English, so _it is great for me to find__ a native speaker to learn from.
4．我建议你应该向你的老师寻求建议。(turn to)
I recommend that _you (should) turn to your teacher for advice__.
5．即使父母不再住在一起，他们仍然要对自己的孩子负责。(responsible)
Even when parents no longer live together, they each continue to _be responsible for their children__.
6．我们应该通过学习努力提高自己，并为将来做好准备。(get＋过去分词)
We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and _get prepared for__ the future.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’m Adam，1．_a__ freshman in senior high school．The first week was a little 2．_confusing__(confuse)．
There are some 3．_challenges__ (challenge) I have to face in my new school life．First, I had to think carefully about my courses．Chinese is hard to learn, but I hope I can speak it 4． _fluently__ (fluent) when I graduate．My adviser 5．_recommended__(recommend)me to sign up for advanced literature because I’m good 6．_at__ it．Second, I had to choose my extra-curricular activities．I tried 7．_to join__ (join) the school football team though I couldn’t do well in 8．_it__ at first．Besides that, I joined a volunteer club.
In order to be well 9．_prepared__ (prepare) for university or whatever else 10．_comes__ (come) in the future, I make up my mind to study harder and get used to the new situation.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，你在北京的美籍朋友Ben来信跟你抱怨中文难学，他觉得学了很长时间，但进步缓慢，所以感到困惑。请你完成给他回复的一封电子邮件。
Dear Ben，
I’m sorry that you’re having difficulty learning Chinese，which 1．_makes you confused__(让你感到困惑)．It is no easy job and I have heard a lot about the difficulties in Chinese learning，so you are not alone．Here are some tips you may find helpful.
It would be a good idea if you could find as many chances as possible to talk with local people.2．_It is a great way__(是个很好的办法)to push you to speak Chinese as well as practise your listening skills.Therefore，I 3．_recommend you to sign up for a training class__(建议你报名参加培训班) to improve yourself.Equally important is reading more.Go to the bookstore and find some Chinese storybooks 4．_suitable for you__(适合你的) and set a time to read every day.
It takes time to learn a language．Be patient and you’ll make progress.
Yours，
Li Hua
UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
(主题语境：人与社会——旅行)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_rent__vt．租用；出租 vi.租用；租金为 n．租金
2．_pack__vi.& vt．收拾(行李) vt.包装 n．(商品的)纸包；纸袋；大包
3．_flat__adj．平坦的；扁平的 n．公寓；单元房
4．_emperor__n．皇帝
5．_site__n．地点；位置；现场
6．_official__adj．官方的；正式的；公务的 n．官员；要员
7．_flight__n．空中航行；航班；航程
8．_path__n．小路；路线；道路
9．_contact__vt．联络；联系 n．联系；接触
10．_hike__vi．徒步旅行 vt.去……远足 n．远足；徒步旅行
11．_soldier__n．士兵；军人
12．_detail__n．细节；详情；细微之处
13．_request__n．(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求 vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求
14．_view__n．视野；景色；看法
15．_sight__n．景象；视野；视力
16．_comment__n.议论；评论 vi.& vt.发表意见；评论
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．castle n．_城堡；堡垒__
2．source n．_来源；出处__
3．accommodation n．_住处；停留处；膳宿__
4．unique adj．_唯一的；独特的；特有的__
5．destination n．_目的地；终点__
6．brochure n．_资料(或广告)手册__
7．package n．_包裹；包装盒__vt．_将……包装好__
8．civilization n．_文明；文明世界__
9．credit n．_借款；信用；称赞；学分__
10．statue n．_雕塑；雕像__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．apply vi.& vt.申请；请求 vt.应用；涂(油漆；乳剂)→ _applicant__n.申请人→ _application__n.申请(书)
2．amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的→ _amazed__adj.惊奇的；惊喜的→ _amaze__vt.使吃惊；惊讶→ _amazement__n.惊奇，惊异
3．arrangement n．安排；筹备→ _arrange__vt.筹备；安排；整理
4．extremely adv.极其；非常→ _extreme__adj.极度的
5．narrow adj.狭窄的 vi.& vt.(使)变窄→ _narrowly__adv.狭窄地；勉强地；差一点儿
6．recognise vt.辨别出；承认；认可→ _recognition__n．认出；认识；识别
7．type n．类型；种类 vi.& vt.打字→ _typist__n.打字员→ _typewriter__ n．打字机
8．admire vt.钦佩；赞赏→ _admiration__ n．羡慕→ _admirable__ adj.可钦佩的，极佳的→ _admiring__ adj.(令人)赞赏的，羡慕的→ _admirer__ n．钦佩者；崇拜者
9．architecture n．建筑设计；建筑学→ _architect__ n．建筑设计师
10．transport n．交通运输系统 vt.运输；运送→ _transportation__ n．运输；客运；运输工具
11．economy n．经济；节约→ _economic__ adj.经济(上)的；经济学的→ _economical__ adj.经济的；节约的；实惠的
1．(2021·全国新高考I卷)The _amazing__ (amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring!
2．(2020·全国卷III)“We were so _amazed__(amaze)that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
3．(2021·3月天津卷)The patient is left with the power _to choose__ (choose) what he wants to talk about.
4．(2020·天津卷)“Yes, sir，” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his.“I wouldn’t have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr Mills, says I am ready.I plan to make it in an _admirable__(admire) manner.”
5．(2020·江苏卷)Humor also _transports__(transport) your mind away from your daily troubles.Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
6．(2021·全国甲卷)It was an _extremely__ (extreme)cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air.
7．(2020·全国卷I)But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact _with__ the ground at all times.
8．(2020·江苏卷)Self-deprecating _comments__(comment) show one’s assurance.But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
9．(2020·全国卷I)But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of _requests__(request) to open the door.
10．(2020·全国卷III)If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more _details__(detail)?
11．(2020·山东卷)At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the _sights__(sight), sounds and smells of the old town.
12．(2020·山东卷)In Samarkand, Mr Bissell _admires__(admire) the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
13．(2021·全国乙卷)Komodo National Park, officially _recognised__ (recognise)in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.
14．(2019·浙江卷)Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean _recognising__(recognise) your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report.
15．(2019·全国卷I)This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one _types__(type) and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
联想积累：
1．分词形式的形容词
①inspire→inspiring→inspired
②excite→exciting→excited
③interest →interesting→interested
④puzzle→puzzling→puzzled
2．“名词＋后缀-ful→形容词”荟萃
①use→useful
②help→helpful
③success→successful
3．加后缀-ment 构成的名词面面观
①develop→development 发展
②move→movement 移动
③arrange→arrangement 安排
④employ→employment 雇用
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_apply for__申请
2．_get around__四处走动；(新闻或消息)传开
3．_get ready for...__为……做准备
4．_take control of__控制；接管
5．_look through__浏览
6．_in the middle of...__在……中间
7．_on the way to...__在去……的路上
8．_other than__除……以外
9．_be full of__充满
10．_be made of...__由……制成
11．_make up__构成；形成
12．_check in__(在旅馆、机场等)登记
13．_check out__结账离开(旅馆等)
14．_can’t wait to do...__迫不及待做……
15．_be known as__作为……而闻名；被称之为
16．_hear from sb.__收到某人的来信
17．_more than__多于；超过
18．_according to__根据……
19．_be different from__与……不同
1．(2020·天津卷)“Miss Ream，” he sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are _in the middle of__ a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”
2．(2020·全国卷II)I _couldn’t wait to__ take a bite, and the sweet juice went down my throat.
3．(2021·3月天津卷)China’s National Highway 318, extending over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, _is known as__ the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
4．(2021·1月浙江卷) The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining _more than__ 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges．
5．(2020·山东卷) _According to__ a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.
6．(2020·浙江卷)His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far _different from__ mine.
7．(2021·3月天津卷)Students are encouraged to _take control of__ their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
联想积累：
1．“立刻；马上”来集合
①right now
②at once
③in no time
④immediately
2．不可不记的than短语
①no more than 只不过；仅仅
②more than 多于；不仅仅；非常
③less than 少于
④rather than 与其；不愿；而不是
3．你“出名”吗？
①be famous for 因……而出名
②be famous as 作为……而出名
③be known for 因……而出名
④be distinguished as 作为……而出名
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．It is/was...that...强调句型
It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
正是这个原因，所以西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。(教材P26)
2．不定式作定语
After reaching your destination，you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city.
到达目的地后，你将有一天的时间去探索这座古城并为之惊叹。(教材P26)
3．as引导时间状语从句
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.
您花一天的时间沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新公路行驶，同时欣赏美丽的乡村。(教材P27)
4．现在分词短语作伴随状语
We’re taking the train，leaving the day before the October holiday begins.
我们将在十月假期开始的前一天乘火车离开。(教材P30)
5．which引导的非限制性定语从句
The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb，which still has not been completely unearthed.
这些雕像只填充了秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，这个陵墓至今尚未完全出土。(教材P30)
1．(2020·浙江卷)Then指出，不仅是公司的工作，甚至是有薪工作都能帮助你保持大脑健康。
_It’s__ not just corporate jobs, or even paid work _that__ can help keep your brain fit, Then points out.
2．(2020·全国卷I)“这真的让科学家们兴奋，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说，“因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球构造的信息。”
“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance _to obtain__ information about how the moon is constructed.”
3．(2021·1月浙江卷) 对于父母来说，他们失去了和年轻学者一起散步和交谈的机会。
And for parents there are lost opportunities_to walk and talk__ with their young scholar about their day．
4．(2021·3月天津卷) 亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
5．(2020·浙江卷)饥饿的熊闻着气味来到我们的营地，营地四周围着一道高高的铁丝网。
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, _which__ was surrounded by a high wire fence.

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．apply vi.& vt．申请；请求 vt.应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)
教材原句
apply for a visa (P24)申请签证
词块必记
(1)apply.．to...把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
apply oneself to sth./doing sth.致力于；集中精力于
apply to...适应/适用……
apply (to...) for...(向……)申请……
(2)applicant n．申请人
application n．申请；申请书；适用
application form申请表
即学即用
单句语法填空
①We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class _to__ our future professions.
②She applied _for__ a job with the local newspaper.
③I’d appreciate it if you could take my _application__ (apply) into account at your convenience.
句式升级
④If you apply yourself to your study, you will pass your exam.
→ _Apply yourself to your study__ and you will pass your exam.(祈使句＋and＋……)
→ _Applying yourself to your study__， you will pass your exam.(分词作状语)
2．amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的
教材原句
Why famous：amazing waterfalls，colourful lakes，beautiful mountains.(P25)
为什么著名：令人惊奇的瀑布，色彩斑斓的湖泊，美丽的山脉。
词块必记
(1)amaze vt．使惊讶
(2)amazed adj．惊奇的；惊喜的
be amazed at 对……大为吃惊
(3)amazement n．惊奇
to one’s amazement 今某人吃惊的是……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It was _amazing__ (amaze) that such a good student should have cheated in the exam.
②(2020·浙江高考读后填写)When we were safe on the helicopter up in the air, I was _amazed__(amaze) to spot that the bear had finally torn down the fence and ran towards the food we left behind.
③When he heard someone calling his name, he looked back in _amazement__ (amaze)．
一句多译
让我吃惊的是，这位老人捐出所有的钱来资助当地的学校。
④_What amazed me was__ that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.(what 主语从句)
⑤_It was amazing__ the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.(it 作形式主语，amazing)
⑥_To my amazement__， the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school．(amazement)
3．arrangement n．安排；筹备
教材原句
Actually, I’ve just finished the travel arrangements！(P25)
实际上，我刚刚完成了旅行安排！
词块必记
(1)make arrangements for 为……安排好
(2)arrange vt．筹备；安排；整理
arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange(for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It’s not necessary for parents _to arrange__ (arrange)everything for their children.
②I’ll arrange _for__ a car to pick you up.
③The local newspaper made _arrangements__ (arrange) for an interview with Professor Stan.
句式升级
④After I have arranged for John to meet you at the airport, I will go home.
→ _Having arranged for John to meet you__ at the airport, I will go home.(现在分词短语作状语)
4．take control of 控制；接管
教材原句
Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821.(P26)
西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁，一直统治到1821年。
词块必记
in control of 控制；掌握
under control 受控制
under the control of 在……控制下
out of/beyond control 无法控制
lose control of 失去控制
即学即用
单句语法填空
①While you can not turn back the clock, you can take control _of__ your life.
②I shall put an experienced teacher in charge of that class to bring the children _under__ control.
完成句子
③她意识到她应该控制她的情绪，而不是让情绪控制她。
She realised she should _take control of__ her emotions，and not let them control her.
④每当你的情绪失控时，只要记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。
Whenever your emotion is _out of control__， just keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you attain success.
⑤据报道只有当火势得到控制的时候，居民们才可以返回家中。
It was reported that only when the fire was _under control__ would residents be permitted to return to their homes.
5．recognise vt．辨别出；承认；认可
教材原句
Recognise text type (P26)识别文本类型
词块必记
(1)recognise that...……承认……
recognise sb./sth. as/to be承认……是……
be recognised to be/as 被认作/被认为是……
It is recognised that...人们公认……
recognise sb./one’s voice认出某人/听出某人的声音
(2)recognition n．认出，认识
beyond recognition无法辨认
即学即用
单句语法填空
①We recognise him _to be__(be) a hard-working and honest person.
②Since 1958，they have been recognised _as__ the national theatre of that country.
③Only after you have had that _recognition__(recognise) can you say that you are truly an inventor.
句式升级
④Air pollution is recognised to have become one of the most serious problems.
→ _It is recognised that__ air pollution has become one of the most serious problems．(it作形式主语)
6．other than 除……之外
教材原句
Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.(P26)
印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合即可稳固墙体。
词块必记
more than 超过；不止；非常
rather than 而不是
or rather 更确切地说
would rather 宁愿
即学即用
选词填空(other than/rather than/more than/or rather)
①She is _more than__ a teacher to us; she is our friend.
②Facing up to your problems _rather than__ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
③For generations, they have known no other mother tongue _other than__ the standard Chinese.
④I met him very late on Friday night _or rather__， early on Saturday morning.
7．admire vt．钦佩；赞赏
教材原句
Stay in a local hotel，visit the museums, admire the architecture，enjoy the excellent local food，and go shopping at the local markets.(P27)
住在当地的酒店，参观博物馆，欣赏建筑，享受当地美食，以及在当地市场购物。
词块必记
(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事赞赏某人
(2)admiration n．钦佩；赞美；羡慕
with admiration 钦佩地
(3)admirer n．崇拜者
(4)admirable adj.令人敬佩的
名师点津
(1)admire后不接双宾语或直接接 that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的从句。
(2)admire后不接带不定式的复合结构，即不用 admire sb. to do sth.，可用admire sb./sb.’s doing sth.。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①We admire the old scientist _for__ his great contributions to the country.
②I’d like to express my _admiration__ (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.
③Molly _is admired__ (admire) for her charming personality and remarkable ability.
完成句子
④被她的表演深深打动，全场观众赞叹不已。
Deeply moved by her performance, the whole audience gasped _with admiration__.
8．contact vt.联络；联系 n．联系；接触
教材原句
For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, contact us at tourinfo@travelperu.org.(P27)
想了解更多关于秘鲁旅游的小册子，请访问 tourinfo@ travelperu．org.
词块必记
(1) contact sb.联系某人
(2)stay/get/keep in contact with...与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
lose contact with...与……失去联系
get into contact with＝make/get contact with与……取得联系
即学即用
完成句子
①如果你感兴趣，请务必发电子邮件与我联系。
Please make sure _to contact__ me by e-mail if you are interested.
②大学毕业后，他和大部分同学失去了联系。
After graduation from college, he _lost contact with__most of his classmates.
③互联网有助于我与朋友们保持联系。
The Internet helps me to _get/keep/stay in contact with__ my friends.
④我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系。
I have managed to _make/get contact with__ an old friend.
9．make up构成；形成
教材原句
These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west.(P27)
这些印加公路由两条南北走向的公路和许多从东到西穿过山脉的小路组成。
词块必记
(1)be made up of由……构成
make up for 弥补，补偿
make out辨认清楚，理解，明白(事理)
make it 获得成功；渡过难关
make sense有意义；讲得通
make up one’s mind下定决心
make use of...利用……
make the most of...充分利用；尽情享受
(2)consist of由……构成/组成
be composed of 由……构成/组成
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The mountain village I visited last week is made up _of__30 families belonging to five nationalities.
②We’re working hard to try to make up _for__the lost time.
③Can you make _out__what this means?
一句多译
在所有的诗歌中，我尤其喜欢莎士比亚写的诗歌，它们是由十四行构成的。
④Of all the poems, I like the ones written by Shakespeare in particular，which _are made up of__ fourteen lines.
⑤Of all the poems, I like the ones written by Shakespeare in particular，which _consist of__ fourteen lines.
10．request n．(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求 vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求
教材原句
Special requests(P29)特殊要求
词块必记
(1)request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人应该做某事
It is requested that＋ sb. (should) do..某人被要求……
(2)make a request for要求得到……
at the request of sb＝at one’s request应某人的要求
名师点津
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①All the students are requested _to attend__ (attend) the annual school celebration.
②What’s your opinion of Mr．Li’s request that we _(should) spend__ (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning?
③It _is requsted__ (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.
完成句子
④那两位游客好像迷路了。因此，他们走向那位本地人，向他求助。
The two tourists seemed to have lost their way．So they came up to the native, and _made a request for__ his help.
11．view n．视野；景色；看法
典型例句
The lake came into view as we turned the corner.
我们转过弯就看见那个湖了。
词块必记
(1)come into view 进入视野；看得见
in one’s view/opinion 在某人看来
have a good view of 清楚看到
in view of鉴于；由于
out of view看不见；在视野之外
(2)view vt．观看；考虑
view...as...把……看作……
即学即用
写出下列句中view的含义
①I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake．_风景__
②In this lecture, I can only give you a purely personal view of how we can live life to the full.
_观点；见解__
③When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came into view.
_视野__
④I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released.
_观看__
完成句子
⑤随着汽车靠近镇中心，几座高大的建筑物进入了视野。
As the car got into the town centre, several tall buildings _came into view__.
12．sight n．景象；视野；视力
教材原句
I’ve heard that it is an amazing sight，and I can’t wait to go.(P30)
我听说那是一个惊人的景象，我等不及要去。
词块必记
(1)[U]看见
(2)[U]视力
易混辨析
sight
既指场景、眼前看到的景观，又指名胜、风景，表示sight 后者的含义时，必须要用复数
scene
指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内
scenery
指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色
view
常指从远处、高处或某一特定的地点看到的景色
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The children thrilled with joy at _the__ sight of the Christmas tree.
②The mountain town came _into__ sight as we turned the last corner.
③Tom caught sight _of__ a bus slowing down before the stop.
选词填空(view/scenery/scene/sight)
④The _view__ of the West Lake from the mountain is very beautiful.As you walk near it, you will be deeply attracted by its _scenery__.It is different from the _sights__ in other places.And you can see the _scenes__ of people taking photos there.
典型句式精析
1．It is...that...强调句
教材原句
It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru．(P26)
正因为这个原因，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。
考点必记
(1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was ＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until ...that...
名师点津
在强调结构中，去掉it is/was和that/who，并稍微调整语序，句子仍然能够成立。
即学即用
单句语法填空/对比填空。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)It is Zhong Nanshan’s sense of responsibility and devotion to medicine career _that__ makes us admire him.
②It was not until he lost his job _that__ he realized the importance of study.
③It was in the shop _that__ I met an old friend of mine．(that/where)
④It was the shop _where__ I met an old friend of mine．(that/where)
句式升级
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains”through this fruit-picking experience.
→ _It was through this fruit-picking experience that__ I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains”．(强调句型)
2．as引导时间状语从句
教材原句
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.(P27)
您花一天的时间沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新公路行驶，同时欣赏美丽的乡村。
考点必记
(1)as引导方式状语从句，意为“如同；按照”。
(2)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”
(3)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。
(4)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
即学即用
写出下列句子中as的含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In brief，do as the Chinese do when in China．
_按照__
②(天津高考书面表达)As I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn’t reply to your email as soon as I received it.
_因为__
③They sang songs as they were doing the farm work.
_一边……一边……__
句式升级
④(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Although the activity was challenging, everyone enjoyed it and all the participants benefited a lot from it.
→ _Challenging as the activity was__，everyone enjoyed it and all the participants benefited a lot from it.(倒装)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Your baggage must _be registered__ (register) at the airport 24 hours in advance.
2．Many visitors were _amazed__(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.
3．For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is _extremely__ (extreme) difficult to pass.
4．In order to save your cost, we recommend that you pay for your order _by__ credit card.
5．The house was always decorated with imaginative flower _arrangements__ (arrange)．
6．It is obvious that the children are looking forward to _receiving__ (receive) lucky money.
7．Parents and coaches are _powerful__(power)teachers because children usually look up to them.
8．It is illegal for a public _official__ (office) to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
9．During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, _admire__ (admiration) the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
10．We will introduce the method _in__detail in the following articles of this series.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．东方圣城“曲阜”是一座有着众多名胜古迹的城市。(with的复合结构)
Eastern holy city“Qufu” is a city _with many famous places of interest in it__.
2．特别令人惊奇的是孔庙有两千多年的历史。(amazing)
_It is especially amazing that the Confucius Temple__ has a history of more than 2,000 years.
3．正是这些古老的建筑使曲阜成为最受欢迎的旅游城市之一。(强调结构)
_It is these old buildings that__ make Qufu one of the most popular cities to visit.
4．参观其他著名的地方对您来说也是值得的，如孔府和孔林。(It is worthwhile for sb. to do)
_It is also worthwhile for you to visit__ other famous places, such as the Confucius Mansion and Cemetery.
5．我期待着将来有一天去这个城市。(look forward to)
I am _looking forward to going__ to the city one day in the future.
6．参观者请不要触摸这些画。(request)
Visitors _are requested not to touch__ the paintings.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Xiao Li，
I’ll tell you something about my travel plan over the October holiday．My parents and I are planning to go to Xi’an to see the Terracotta Army．It’s an 1．_amazing__ (amaze)sight and I can’t wait 2．_to go__ (go)．It is amazing that there are more than 8, 000 statues, which 3．_were made__(make) in the third century to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang．Each statue has a different face，4．_leading__ (lead) researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier．The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, 5．_which__ still has not been 6．_completely__ (complete ) unearthed．No one knew about 7．_them __ (they) until the 1970s．We’re also planning to visit several other places in Xi’an.
We are looking forward to going to 8．_the__ Shaanxi History Museum，which is known 9．_as__a“Chinese treasure house”！ We’re also going to the Xi’an City Wall and a few other famous 10．_sights__ ( sight)．Do you have any plans for the coming holiday? Hope to hear from you soon.
Your friend，
Richard
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，准备在寒假赴美国进行短途旅行，请你用英语给美国网友Tom写一封邮件，请他提供建议。
Dear Tom，
How is everything going? These days I’m considering 1．_spending a week visiting__ (花一周时间参观)your country to 2．_enjoy the sights __ (欣赏风景) in the coming winter holidays.The following is my expectation and I badly need your advice.
Firstly，I’d like to take the chance to visit the museums and 3．_ admire the architecture__ (欣赏建筑)．Besides，it will be better if you can 4．_make necessary arrangements for my accommodation__(为我的住宿作必要安排)．Last but not least，I hope the trip will be within my budget as a student.
I do hope you can give me some valuable suggestions about the trip.Please 5．_contact me at your convenience__(在你方便时和我取得联系)．
Yours，
Li Hua
UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS
(主题语境：人与自我——运动与健康)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_event__n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
2．_track__n.跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi.追踪；跟踪
3．_master__n.高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
4．_captain__n.(运动队)队长；船长；机长
5．_pretend__vi.& vt.假装；装扮
6．_cheat__vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子
7．_audience__n.观众；听众
8．_slim__adj.苗条的；单薄的
9．_diet__n.规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
10．_rather__adv.相当；有点儿
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．soccer n．_足球；足球运动__
2．stadium n．_体育场；运动场__
3．boxing n．_拳击(运动)__
4．badminton n．_羽毛球运动__
5．marathon n．_马拉松赛跑__
6．ski adj．_滑雪的__vi．_滑雪__
7．gym n．_健身房；体育馆__
8．gymnastics n．_体操(训练)__
9．sweat vt．_使出汗；出汗弄湿__vi．_出汗；流汗__n．_汗水；出汗__
10．medal n．_奖章；勋章__
11．champion n．_冠军；优胜者__
12．apart adv．_分离；分开；成碎片__
13．jog vi．_慢跑__n．_慢跑__
14．error n．_错误；差错__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→ _hostess__n.女主人；女主持人
2．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿→ _athletic__ adj.健壮的；运动的→ _athletics__ n．田径运动
3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→ _honourable__ adj.光荣的；值得尊敬的
4．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美→ _glorious__ adj.光荣的；辉煌的；壮丽的
5．determination n．决心；决定→ _determine__ v．决心；决定；确定→ _determined__ adj.有决心的；意志坚决的
6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→ _injured__ adj.受伤的；有伤的→ _injury__ n．伤害；损伤
7．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的→ _grace__ n．优美
8．strength n．力量；体力→ _strengthen__ v．(使)变强；加强；增强→ _strong__ adj.强壮的；结实的；强大的→ _strongly__ adv.强烈地；坚定地
9．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→ _fail__ v．失败；不及格
10．compete vi.竞争；对抗→ _competition__ n．比赛；竞争→ _competitive__ adj.有竞争性的→ _competitor__ n．竞争者
11．million num.一百万→ _hundred__ num.一百→ _thousand__ num.一千→ _billion__ num.十亿
12．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→ _negative__ adj.消极的；否定的
13．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→ _stressed__ adj.焦虑的→ _stressful__ adj.充满压力的；紧张的
1．(2020·全国卷I)Race walking shares many _fitness__(fit) benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer _injuries__(injury)．
2．(2020·山东卷)Remember, even world champion _athletes__(athlete) practice their skills on a consistent basis.
3．(2020·山东卷)Judges will choose up to 50 _honorable__(honor) mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
4．(2020·山东卷)Write a poem about how courage, _determination__(determine), and _strength__(strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.
5．(2021·3月天津卷) _Mastering__ (master)one thing to the exclusion (排 除)of others can hold back your true spirit.
6．(2021·全国乙卷)Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not only the possible _failure__ (fail)of one’s health, but the loss of identity and self-worth．
7．(2020·山东卷)The students selected from every class took part in the _competition__(compete)．
8．(2020·全国卷I)But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress _on__ the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
9．(2020·全国卷I)But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions _of__ requests to open the door.
10．(2020·江苏卷)Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the _events__(event) in our lives.
11．(2020·天津卷)Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated _of__ her money.
12．(2019·天津卷)So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend _to be reading__(read)．
13．(2020·山东卷)Museums must compete _for__ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
14．(2021·全国乙卷)All these stadiums are still funtiona1, still open and still _hosting__(host) the biggest events in world sport．
15．(2019·全国卷I)Modern methods of _tracking__(track) polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
16．(2021·全国新高考I卷)The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a _cheater__ (cheat)might use it to control potential victims.
联想积累：
1．-en后缀高频动词集锦
①shorten 缩短
②deepen 加深
③widen 加宽
④broaden 加宽
⑤lighten 减轻
2．是否“健康”
①unfit adj．不健康的
②healthy adj．健康的
③unhealthy adj．不健康的
④fitness n．健康
3．“事事”相连
①incident n．事件；事变
the July 7th Incident 七七事变
②accident n．事故
traffic accident 交通事故
③event n．重大事件；比赛项目
sports event 体育比赛项目
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_come along__跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．_work out__锻炼；计算出；解决
3．_make it__获得成功；准时到达
4．_set an example__树立榜样
5．_at home and abroad__在国内外
6．_fall apart__破裂；破碎；崩溃
7．_lose heart__丧失信心；泄气
8．_give up__放弃；投降
9．_compete for...__为……而竞争
10．_make sense__有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
11．_even if/though__即使；虽然
12．_make a difference__有作用或影响
13．_rather than__而不是
14．_cut...out__停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
15．_now and then__有时；偶尔
16．_add...to...__把……添加到……
17．_compare...with/to...__与……比较
18．_make a list of__列清单
19．_be similar to...__和……相似
20．_in common with...__与……一样
1．(2020·江苏卷)For those who can stomach it, _working out__ before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
2．(2020·江苏卷)Building such a bridge over the bay was a hard nut to crack, but the local government _made it__ within two years.
(3～5题为更换后新题)
3．(2020·山东卷)Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal，_giving up__ many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
4．(2020·江苏卷)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones _rather than__ abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
5．(2020·江苏卷)So _even if__ your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others.
(3～5题放在本栏目不合适，更换新题见上面3～5题)
3．(2021·全国乙卷) 从古希腊时代起，人们就开始涌入体育场。
People _have been pouring__ into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
4．(2021·浙江卷) 这工作很累人，但我期待着薪水，尽管我不确定这能有多少。
It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay，_even though__ I wasn’t sure how much it would amount to.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷) 一旦你到达山顶，你看到的滚动的云海会提醒你，我们人类是多么的渺小。
The rolling sea of clouds you see _once__ you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
6．(2021·全国乙卷)Age is naturally a factor(因素)— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines _now and then__, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.

联想积累：
1．“动词＋out”短语荟萃
①break out 突发；爆发
②die out 　　　　 灭绝
③let out 　　　　 泄露；发出(声音)
④put out 　　　　 扑灭
⑤run out 　　　　 用完
2．“偶尔；有时”全接触
①at times 　　　　 偶尔；有时
②on occasion　　　　 偶尔；有时
③by accident 　　　　 有时；时而
④once in a while 　　　　 偶尔；有时
⑤from time to time 　　　　 有时；偶尔
3．“make＋a/an十名词”短语荟萃
①make a promise 　　　　 允诺
②make a decision 　　　　 作决定
③make a choice 　　　　 做出选择
④make a mistake 　　　　 犯错误
⑤make a list 　　　　 列清单
Ⅲ．经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．seem to do sth.似乎做某事
In the final seconds of a game，Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。(教材P38)
2．现在完成进行时
The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”自1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。(教材P38)
3．even if/though 即使；虽然
I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.
我一直想让自己看起来像电视上那些苗条的女孩一样，即使我知道这是不可能的。(教材P42)
4．once引导条件状语从句
Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑的是健身而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。(教材P42)
1.(2020·天津卷)总统似乎认真考虑了她的想法。
The President _seemed to consider__ her idea seriously.
2．(2020·全国卷III)很难说有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这个数字一段时间以来一直在上升。
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers _have been rising__ for some time.
3．(2020·天津卷)——人们为什么喜欢流行音乐？我非常讨厌它。
——即使这不是你的风格，也不意味着它不好。
—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.
— _Even though__ it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.
4．(2020·天津卷)一旦你要的书送到最近的分店，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，你就可以去取了。
_Once__ the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
Would you like to come along？(P36)
你愿意一起去吗？
词块必记
come true 实现
come up走近；被提及
come across偶然遇见
come about(某事)发生
come out出现；出版
come up with想出；找出(答案)
即学即用
写出下列句子中come along的含义
①John wants to come along with us to the movie. _跟随__
②It is lucky that you have finally come along. _到达__
③My son has begun to come along very well in French since the new teacher came.
_进步__
④Come along，or else we shall be late._赶快__
用come的相关短语填空
⑤I _came across__ an old friend on the street this morning.
⑥He told me that his book would _come out__ next month.
⑦I want to know how this _came about__
2．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；制定出；想出
教材原句
Come and work out at a gym！(P37)
来健身房锻炼吧！
词块必记
(1)work on 从事于……
work for为……工作
work as以……身份工作
work with和……一起工作
(2)be at work 在工作
out of work 失业
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The scientists are still working _on__ inventing new methods of reaching outer space.
②After graduation, my sister worked _as__ a model in a garment company.
写出下列句子中work out的含义
③Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
_锻炼__
④You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible._制定出__
⑤The students worked out the math problem with the help of the teacher.
_计算出__
⑥We must work out a way to solve the problem._想出__
3．make it 获得成功；准时到达
教材原句
You can make it！(P37)
你可以做到！
词块必记
(1)make it to准时到达，赶上
(2)get it明白
as sb. puts it像某人所说的那样
即学即用
写出下列句子中make it的含义
①You shouldn’t lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
_获得成功__
②The train leaves in five minutes—we’ll never make it.
_赶上__
③If you can’t make it at the party on Friday, we can invite somebody else.
_及时抵达__
④Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office.
_约定时间__
完成句子
⑤只要你有梦想，不断努力就会成功。
As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll _make it__.
4．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
教材原句
As a player，Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country．(P38)
作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和荣耀。
(1)in honour of 为了纪念
It’s my great honour to do sth.
我非常荣幸做某事
have the honour of doing/to do sth.
有幸做某事
(2)feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
名师点津
honour表示“荣誉；尊敬”时是不可数名词，表示“使人感到光荣的事或人”或“荣幸”时是可数名词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I feel _honoured__(honour) to be invited here to deliver a speech.
②It’s my great honour _to announce__ (announce) that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union.
③The stadium was named in honour _of__ the club’s first chairman.
④They honoured him _with__ a retrospective exhibition in 1987.
完成句子
⑤非常荣幸代表我们班写信邀请您参加这次聚会。
It’s _a great honour__ to write to invite you to attend the gathering on behalf of our class.
5．determination n．决心；决定
教材原句
When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested.(P38)
当中国队正准备2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。
词块必记
(1)determine vt.使下决心 vi.决定；确定
determine to do sth.决心做某事(表示动作)
determine sb.to do sth.使某人决定做某事
determine on/upon doing sth.决心做某事
(2)determined adj.坚决的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表示状态)
即学即用
单句语法填空
①She determined _to work__ (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②I have determined _on/upon__ working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③Her _determination__(determine) to overcome difficulties always makes me inspired.
④She was a brave and _determined__ (determine) girl with rich imagination.
句式升级
⑤I’m determined to perform well in the final exam，so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
→ _Determined__ to perform well in the final exam，I’m occupied in preparing for it.(用分词作状语)
6．injure vt.使受伤；损害
教材原句
One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.(P38)
最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题不得不离队。
词块必记
(1)injured adj.受伤的；有伤的
the injured伤员(代表一类人，谓语动词常常用复数形式)
(2)injury n．损伤；伤害
do an injury to sb.＝do sb. an injury伤害某人
即学即用
单句语法填空
①To our relief，up to now the _injured__ (injure) in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital.
②The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people _injured__ (injure) in the earthquake.
③In the past several years, you have the pressure and pain．I do not want you to get any further _injury__(injure)．
句式升级
④My left foot was seriously injured, so I can’t go with you as planned.
→ _With my left foot seriously injured__， I can’t go with you as planned.(with复合结构)
7．give up 放弃；投降
教材原句
Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.(P38)
输掉比赛教会了他更加努力地练习，永不放弃。
词块必记
give back 归还；恢复
give away 泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)；捐赠
give in屈服；让步
give off发出(蒸汽、味道)；发散(光线)
give out 用完；用尽；分发；公布
即学即用
用give的相关短语填空
①The children were required to _give in__ their examination papers immediately.
②After two days, our food _gave out__， and we had to return to the camp.
③Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice _gave__ her _away__.
④The rotting bananas are _giving off__ a bad smell, so you’d better throw them away.
⑤She has decided to _give up__ her job and start her own business.
8．compete vi.竞争；对抗
教材原句
An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.(P41)
如果一个运动员是在为祖国而战，那么他/她应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝。
词块必记
(1)compete in 参加……比赛
compete with 与……竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against...for...
为争取……而与……竞争/对抗
(2) competition n．比赛；竞争
competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
competitor n．竞争者；对手
即学即用
单句语法填空
①No one can entirely keep away from the _competitive__ (compete) world.
②Life is like a long race in which we compete _with/against__ others to go beyond ourselves.
③They are in _competition__ (compete) with each other for the prize.
④With which team did they compete _for__ the gold medal?
完成句子
⑤只有通过相互竞争，我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。
Only by _competing with/against__ each other can we make great progress in our study.
9．make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
教材原句
That doesn’t make any sense！(P41)
那没有任何意义！
词块必记
(1)make sense of理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)
there is no sense (in) doing sth.
做某事没有意义
即学即用
完成句子
①不管你怎么解释这个句子，它都讲不通。
No matter how you explain the sentence，it doesn’t _make sense__.
②不管你怎么解释这个句子，我都不懂。
No matter how you explain the sentence, I don’t _make sense of__ it.
③为了取悦父母而在考试中作弊是没有意义的。
_There is no sense__ cheating in the exam to satisfy your parents.
10．pretend vi.& vt．假装；假扮
教材原句
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(P41)
一个足球运动员不应该假摔，即使这能帮他/她的球队。
词块必记
pretend to be＋n./adj.假装是……
pretend (not) to do sth.假装(不)做某事
pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth.假装已经做了某事
pretend＋that从句 假装……
名师点津
pretend接不定式和宾语从句，不接动词-ing作宾语
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He pretended _to be reading__ (read) an important document when the boss came in.
②When my mother came back, I pretended _to have fallen__ (fall) asleep.
一句多译
我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这使我很伤心。
③She _pretended (that) she didn’t know me__ when we met in the street，which made me upset.(宾语从句)
④She _pretended not to know me__ when we met in the street, making me depressed.(不定式)
11．make a difference 有作用或影响
教材原句
I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!
我完全没想过一个字母的不同会带来这么大的改变！(P42)
词块必记
(1)make a difference to 对……有作用或影响
make some/no/little difference(to...)
(对……)有/没有/很少有作用或影响
(2)tell the difference(between...and...)
辨别/区分(……与……)
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Even if it is a small thing, it could still make much difference _to__ the environment.
②The twins are so alike, it’s difficult to tell the difference _between__ them.
句型升级
③I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviour will work.
→I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviour will _make a difference__.
12．rather than而不是
教材原句
Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑的是健康而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。(P42)
词块必记

(2)other than 不同于；除了……外
more than 多于；不仅仅；非常
or rather 更确切地说
名师点津
rather than 而不是，连接两个并列成分；连接并列主语时谓语动词与rather than前面主语一致。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The students, rather than their teacher, _are__(be) going to have a picnic this weekend.
一句多译
孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。
②The children _preferred to cycle to the countryside rather than stay__at home all the day.(prefer to do rather than do)
③The children _would rather cycle to the countryside than stay__ at home all the day．(would rather do sth. than do)
④The children _would cycle to the countryside rather than stay__at home all the day．(would do sth. rather than do)
13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下；删除
教材原句
Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals.(P42)
我没有减少吃我喜欢的食物，而是在我的膳食中添加了健康的食物。
词块必记
cut down砍倒；削减，压缩
cut up切碎
cut off 切断，停掉；隔绝，挡住
cut in 插嘴
即学即用
用cut的相关短语填空
①He decided to _cut out__ the amount of fat because of his weight.
②It is bad manners to _cut in__ when people are speaking.
③I’d feel _cut off__ if I didn’t know what was happening in the world.
④With more and more forests _cut down__，large quantities of soil are being washed away.
14．compare...with/to与……比较
教材原句
Finally，I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.(P42)
最后，我不再拿自己与女演员和模特做比较，也不再寻找我的脸或身体有什么问题。
词块必记
(1)
compare A with B
把A和B进行比较
A和B是同类事物
比较
compare A to B
把A比喻成B
A和B是不同类事物
比喻
compared with/to...
和……相比(作状语)
(2)comparison n．比较
make a comparison(with)(与……)作比较
in comparison with/to...和……相比
名师点津
高考中考查compare时，一般考查compared/comparing作状语的用法。当compare与其逻辑主语是主谓关系时，要用动词-ing形式，是动宾关系时要用过去分词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The teacher compared my handwriting _with__ that of Tom’s.
②Young people are compared _to__ the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
③_Compared__ (compare) with other European countries，lifestyle in Italy is slower and more relaxing in its own way.
④Film has a much shorter history, especially when _compared__ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
完成句子
⑤在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异，而没有注意到许多相似之处。
When _comparing different cultures__，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
15．stress n．压力；紧张；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
教材原句
Exercise can make people feel more energetic，less stressed and，yes，happier.
锻炼可以使人们感觉更有精力，不那么有压力，是的，更快乐。
词块必记
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj.有压力的
(4)stressed adj．焦虑不安的，感到有压力的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①When _under__ stress，even a most gentle person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily.
②Cooperation or teamwork，the importance of which _is stressed__ (stress)，plays an important part in football matches.
③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and _stressful__(stress) society.
典型句式精析
1．Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式，表示“看来……；好像……”
教材原句
In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.(P38)
在一场比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。
考点必记
(1)Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式
＝It seems/seemed that....看来……；好像……
(2)It seems ＋形容词/副词＋ to do sth.
看起来……
It seems as if/as though...看起来好像……
There seems (to be)...看起来……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It seems _that__ he is fit for the present job.
②It seems difficult _to remember__ (remember)her phone number.
③It seems as _if__our team is going to win.
一句多译
(2020·浙江高考读后续写)他的嘴里似乎充满了血，他的眼睛因愤怒而发红。
④ _It seemed his mouth__was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger.
⑤ _His mouth seemed to be full of blood__ and his eyes were red with anger.
2．even if/though即使；虽然
教材原句
I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.(P42)
我一直想让自己看起来像电视上的苗条女孩那样，尽管我知道那是不可能的。
考点必记
(1)在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句、从句都表示将来的动作，从句中要用一般现在时来表示将来时。
(2)在even if/ though引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。
易混辨析
短语
含义
用法
even if＝even though
即使；尽管
引导让步状语从句
as if＝as though
仿佛；好像
引导方式状语从句
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I will go to the beach even if/though it _rains__ (rain) tomorrow.
②She walked here and there on the playground as if _looking__(look) for something.
句式升级
③He won’t come to our party even if he is invited.
→He won’t come to our party _even if invited__.(省略句)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical _fitness__ (fit)．
2．If you want to lose weight, too，I recommend _doing__(do) exercise in the gym.
3．The _more positive__(positive) an article is on the Internet, the more likely it is to be shared.
4．The teacher _stressed__(stress) yesterday that the students should not leave out any important details while retelling the story.
5．My physical _strength__(strong) came back to me quickly in that friendly atmosphere.
6．A quick review of successes and _failures__(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.
7．Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, _determined__(determine) to test my own theory on this.
8．Not only the students but also the teacher _is__ (be) interested in the story.
9．In our modern society, it is important _to master__(master) a foreign language.
10．It was the culture，rather _than__ the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the life abroad.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．很荣幸和您分享这个故事。(honour)
_It is an honour to share__ the story with you.
2．只要你有决心，你可以在这个世界上做任何事情。(determination)
_As long as you have determination__，you can do anything in this world.
3．课外活动让我们丰富知识、强健身体成为可能。(make)
Extra-curricular activities _make it possible for us__ to enrich knowledge and build up bodies.
4．我们假装什么事情也没发生。(nothing)
We pretended _(that)nothing had happened__.
5．即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。(even if/though)
We’ll make a trip _even if/even though the weather is bad__.
6．你一旦开始，就必须进行下去。(once)
_Once you begin__，you must go on.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Here are two world-famous 1．_legends__ (legend)．One is Lang Ping, the other is Michael Jordan．Lang Ping used to be a player, who brought honour and glory to her country．Years later she became a coach, 2．_who__ led the women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and 3．_the__ Olympics．When 4．_preparing__ (prepare) for the 2015 World Cup, the team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart．One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.5．_Losing__ (lose) two important players was a big challenge for her，but she did not lose heart．She knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team．Two weeks 6．_later__ (late)，they were world champions!
Michael Jordan, 7．_known__ (know) as “Air Jordan”changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps．Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he 8．_showed__ (show) made him unique．Jordan says that the secret 9．_to__ his success is learning from his failures.Losing games taught him to practise 10．_harder__ (hard) and never give up．In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others．The Boys and Girls Club he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请你完成回信，内容包括：
1．学校的体育场馆；
2．主要的运动项目；
3．你喜欢的项目。
Dear Peter，
I am glad to hear from you.In your letter you asked about the sports in our school.Our school has a big stadium with modern facilities，such as a lawn football field and 1．_plastic tracks__ (塑胶跑道)．All students 2．_work out__(锻炼) and run for 20 minutes every day.
Besides，our school set up a volleyball team and a basketball team.Both teams train for two hours a day and3．_participate in competitions regularly to win honor for our school__(定期参加比赛为学校争光)．It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team 4．_won the championship twice__(两次获得冠军) in national middle school volleyball matches.
I am on the volleyball team，and I want to 5．_make a difference__(产生影响) to other teammates.
Yours，
Li Hua
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
(主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害与防范)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_disaster__ n．灾难；灾害
2．_rescue__ n．& vt.营救；救援
3．_damage__ vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
4．_destroy__ vt.摧毁；毁灭
5．_affect__ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
6．_ruin__ n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
7．_trap__ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
8．_bury__ vt.埋葬；安葬
9．_effort__ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
10．_supply__ n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
11．_aid__ n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
12．_crash__ vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
13．_sweep__ vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
14．_wave__ n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
15．_summary__ n．总结；概括；概要
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．drought n．_旱灾；久旱__
2．slide vi.& vt．_(使)滑行；滑动__
3．helicopter n．_直升机__
4．shelter n．_避难处；居所；庇护__ vt．_保护；掩蔽__
vi．_躲避(风雨或危险)__
5．crack n．_裂纹；裂缝__vt.& vi．_(使)破裂__
6．brick n．_砖；砖块__
7．context n．_上下文；语境；背景__
8．volcano n．_火山__
9．typhoon n．_台风__
10．hurricane n．_(尤指西大西洋的)飓风__
11．tap vi.& vt．_轻叩；轻敲；轻拍__ n．_水龙头；轻叩；轻敲__
12．pipe n．_管子；管道__
13．whistle vi．_吹口哨；发出笛声__vt．_吹口哨__
n．_哨子(声)；呼啸声__
14．emergency n．_突发事件；紧急情况__
15．kit n．_成套工具；成套设备__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没→ _flooded__ adj.洪水泛滥的
2．death n．死；死亡→ _die__vi.死；消失→ _dead__ adj.死的；失去生命的；枯萎的
3．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中→ _percentage__ n．百分率；百分比
4．metal n．金属→ _model__ n．模特；模范；榜样→ _medal__ n．奖章；勋章；纪念章→ _media__ n．新闻媒体；传媒
5．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→ _shocked__
adj.感到震惊的→ _shocking__ adj.令人震惊的
6．electricity n．电；电能→ _electric__ adj.电动的，用电的→ _electrical__ adj.与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→ _electronic__ adj.电子的
7．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→ _breath__ n．呼吸；气息→ _breathless__
adj.气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的
8．wisdom n．智慧；才智→ _wise__ adj.有智慧的；明智的→ _wisely__ adv.明智地；精明地
9．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ _suffering__ n．疼痛；痛苦；苦难
10．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ _eruption__ n．爆发；喷出
11．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→ _survival__ n．幸存；继续生存；残存物→ _survivor__ n．残存者；生还者；获救者
12．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ _powerful__ adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的
13．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静→ _calmly__ adv.镇静地；沉着地
14．strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击→ _striker__ n．罢工者；前锋；射手
15．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→ _delivery__ n．发表；递送
16．effect n．影响；结果；效果→ _effective__ adj.有效的；实际的
17．length n．长；长度→ _long__ adj.长的
1．(2021·全国甲卷)Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, _damaging__ (damage)a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man.
2．(2020·全国卷II)“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria _are destroying__(destroy) vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
3．(2021·全国乙卷)On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to _be affected__(affect)．
4．(2020·全国卷III)If you do, you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that _ruins__(ruin) everyone’s day.
5．(2020·浙江卷)I ran desperately but failed to catch up.It _crashed__(crash) through a wooden fence and disappeared.
6．(2020·天津卷)Jones was _shocked__(shock) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.“Otherwise, I would never speak to another person for weeks on end，” she said.
7．(2020·山东卷)His _efforts__(effort) have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
8．(2020·全国卷I)While Queensland Rail makes every effort _to ensure__(ensure) trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
9．(2020·山东卷)After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara.“His family is _suffering__(suffer) so much.”
10．(2021·全国乙卷)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data _supplied__ (supply) by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
11．(2020·山东卷)However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that’s pretty _powerful__(power)．
12．(2020·浙江卷)The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking _calmly__(calm) back at me.
13．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall _effects (effect)of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
14．(2019·天津卷)Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become _trapped__(trap) in it.Nothing surprises us.
15．(2019·全国卷II)Still, most of us volunteers _breathe__(breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
16．(2021·3月天津卷)As I _swept__ (sweep)up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
17．(2021·全国乙卷)At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic _waves__ (wave), frozen mid-crash．
18．(2021·3月天津卷)We need people who can work at our warehouse (仓库)sorting and packing items to _be delivered__ (deliver)to families, repair donated furniture and more.
联想积累：
1．表示“灾难”的名词
①typhoon台风
②downpour暴雨
③tsunami海啸
④flood洪水
⑤tornado龙卷风
⑥hurricane飓风
⑦landslide山体滑坡
⑧avalanche雪崩
⑨drought干旱
⑩famine饥荒
2．表示“吃惊”的单词
①alarm使惊恐
②surprise使惊奇
③astonish(使)惊讶
④amaze使吃惊
⑤astound使惊骇；使震惊
3．常见以-fy结尾的动词
①certify证明；保证
②identify识别；鉴定
③simplify简化
④modify修改，修饰
⑤beautify使美化，使变美
⑥qualify限制；使具有资格
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_refer to__指的是；参考
2．_think about__考虑
3．_set up__搭起；建立
4．_as usual__像往常一样
5．_as if__似乎；好像；仿佛
6．_come to an end__结束；终结
7．_in ruins__严重受损；破败不堪
8．_the number of__……的数目
9．_nothing but__除……以外什么也不；只有；只不过
10．_in shock__震惊；吃惊
11．_dig out__掘出；发现
12．_look up__抬头看，查阅
13．_suffer from...__患……疾病；受……之苦
14．_wake up__唤醒；叫醒
15．_put up__搭起；张贴
16．_in the open air__露天；在户外
17．_on hand__现有(尤指帮助)；临近；在手边
18．_more than__超过；多于
19．_sweep away__消灭；彻底消除
20．_stand at__达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)
1．(2020·全国卷II)What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 _refer to__？
2．(2021·1月浙江卷)_Think about__ the probability: The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
3．(2020·天津卷)He convinced the police department to allow him to _set up__ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
4．(2020·全国卷III)Official reports suggest that _the number of__ households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
5．(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people _suffered from__ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
6．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase _more than__ 5 million acres of habitat.
联想积累：
1．“in＋名词”短语面面观
①in danger 处于危险之中
②in pain 处于痛苦中
③in trouble 处于困境中
④in debt 负债
⑤in doubt 不能肯定的
⑥in relief 如释重负
2．as短语荟萃
①as many as 多达
②as long as 只要
③as well as 也，和，和……一样
④as far as I know 据我所知
⑤as soon as一……就……
⑥as usual照例，像平常一样
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．as if/though引导表语从句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
世界末日似乎到了！(教材P50)
2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Thousands of children were left without parents.
成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。(教材P50)
3．过去分词短语作后置定语
Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。(教材P54)
4．as many as多达
Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.
印度官员说，南部沿海地区有多达1 900人遇难。(教材P54)
5．be doing...when...正在做……，突然……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭，突然海水冲入了我家。(教材P54)
1．(2020·天津卷)我感觉好像我不需要跟上任何人；我终于和理解我的同龄人在一起了。
I didn’t feel _as though__ I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me.
2．(2021·全国新高考I卷) 很奇怪，不是吗？ 但大自然就是这样，总是让我们惊讶。
Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving _us astonished__.
3．(2020·全国卷I)因此，她说，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。
As a result, she says, some of the injuries _associated with__ running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
4．(2021·浙江卷) “我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”
“I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive _as many as__ you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it”.

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损害；损失
教材原句
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？(P48)
首尔哪些建筑被毁？
词块必记
(1)cause/do damage to＝damage(v.)伤害，损伤
(2)damage one’s health损害某人的健康
即学即用
单句语法填空
①After he retired，the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from _being damaged__ (damage)．
②The accident caused some damage _to__ my car, but it’s nothing serious.
一句多译
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
③As we all know, smoking can _do/cause damage to our health__(damage n．)
④It is well known that smoking can _damage our health__.(damage vt.)
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
教材原句
82 killed,500,000 affected(P49)
82人丧生，50万人受影响
词块必记
(1)be deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)affection n．喜爱
have an affection for 喜欢……
知识拓展
“被深深地感动”的表达：
be deeply moved；
be deeply touched；
be deeply affected
即学即用
① _Affected__ (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
②I have much _affection__(affect) for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.
句式升级
③Many young people were affected by his story．They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
→ _Affected by his story__，many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语)
3．ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
教材原句
In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.(P50)
不到一分钟，一座大城市化为了废墟。
词块必记
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
即学即用
单句语法填空
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but _ruins__ (ruin)．
②When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood _in__ruins.
一句多译
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
③He made a mistake, _which ruined his chance__ of going abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake, _ruining his chance__ of going abroad.(分词作状语)
4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
教材原句
People were in shock—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.(P50)
人们惊呆了——接着，在那天下午晚些时候，另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。
词块必记
(1)a great shock to sb.
对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth.吃惊地做某事
(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的
名师点津
electric shock 触电；电休克
cultural shock 文化冲突
shock 表示“吃惊；震惊；令人震惊的事情”时是可数名词，表示“(身心受到的)打击；震惊”和“休克”时是不可数名词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Everyone in the street was _shocked__(shock) when they heard the news.
② _Shocked__ (shock) by the explosion, people ran about in the street.
③His not passing the final exam was _a__great shock to his parents.
④I was shocked _to hear__(hear) that our factory would have to close.
完成句子
⑤他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就，令许多人震惊。
They have made amazing achievements in the past few years, _shocking__ many people.
5．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
教材原句
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P50)
地震发生后不久，军队派出15万名士兵到唐山挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。
词块必记
(1)trap sb. into (doing)...诱使某人(做)……
be trapped in...困在……中，陷在……中
(2)set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall into a trap落入圈套
即学即用
单句语法填空
①There was a power failure；as a result, they _were trapped__(trap) in the lift.
②They set _a__ trap for him and he walked right into it.
③The stream has frozen up; you can see the fish trapped _in__ the ice.
6．bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心
教材原句
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P50)
地震发生后不久，军队派出15万名士兵到唐山挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。
词块必记
(1) 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
名师点津
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to；
be lost in；
be engaged in；
be absorbed in；
focus/concentrate on
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(天津高考书面表达)Though _buried__(bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair, _burying__(bury) his face in his hands.
③She sat on the ground, _buried__(bury) in thought.
一句多译
他埋头看书，不知道外面正在下雨。(bury)
④Because he _buried himself in/was buried in__ his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.
⑤ _Burying himself in his books__，he was not aware it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
7．breathe vi．& vt．呼吸
教材原句
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.(P50)
慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
词块必记
(1)breathe in吸气
breathe out 呼气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
(2)breath n．呼吸；气息
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 喘不过气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘气；歇口气
(3)breathless adj．喘不过气来；目瞪口呆的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The air in this city is so dirty that it is difficult _to breathe__ (breath)．
②We were out _of__ breath when we got to the top of the hill.
③How long can a person hold his _breath__ (breathe) under water depends on how healthy he is.
④The boy took _a__ deep breath and dived into the water.
8．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
教材原句
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．(P50)
在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。
词块必记
with effort 费力地
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事
make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①What’s the point，in your opinion，of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort _to help__(help) himself?
②You ought to have a will and spare no effort _to achieve__(achieve) your target.
一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
③We’ll _try/do our best to help__ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties．(best)
④We’ll _make an effort to help__ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)
⑤We’ll _spare no effort to help__ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)
9.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
教材原句
Some were found alive，though they were suffering from terrible injuries, but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered.(P51)
有些人被发现时还活着，虽然他们受了重伤，但其他人被发现时已经停止了呼吸。
词块必记
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n．受难者；患病者
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Among obese children，about 30 percent also suffer _from__ high levels of blood sugar and fat.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of _suffering__(suffer) during the war.
③Shortly after _suffering__ (suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.
句式升级
④John has suffered from lung cancer for many years．He has decided to give up smoking.
→_Having suffered from lung cancer for many years__，John has decided to give up smoking.(现在分词短语作状语)
10．supply n．[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给vt.供应；供给
教材原句
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(P52)
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
词块必记
(1)a supply of……的供应；一批
in short supply供应不足
supply and demand供求关系
(2)supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.供应某人某物
名师点津
supply作名词，表示“补给品”时，要用复数形式，即supplies。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①They used the money _to supply__ (supply) the school with new textbooks.
②Whenever she goes out with her baby，she always takes _a__ large supply of baby food with her.
③Food _supplies__(supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.
一句多译
政府在地震发生后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。
④The government has _supplied__ plenty of food and clothes _to__ the local people since the earthquake occurred.
⑤The government has _supplied__the local people _with__ plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred.
11．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
教材原句
She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(P52)
她正在给地震中幸存的婴儿喂食。
词块必记
(1)survive sth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on依靠……生存下来
survive from...从……存活下来；流传下来
A survive B(by...)A比B活得长……
(2)survivor n．幸存者
(3)survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师点津
survive 表示“幸存；幸免于”时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用再加介词in或from。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights _to survive__ (survive)．
②None of these seems to have much chance of _survival__ (survive)．
③As far as I know, the old lady survived her husband _by__ 5 years.
句式升级
④After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.
→_Having survived that night__，she was confident that everything else would be all right．(分词作状语)
12．strike n．& vi．(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟)敲 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
教材原句
The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
星期天早上7点左右，印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。(P54)
词块必记
(1)be struck with/by 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb. that.．某人突然想到……
strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(3) striker n．罢工者；前锋
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The coal miners decided to go _on__ strike for better working conditions.
②It struck me _that__ everyone was unusually silent.
③I was stricken _by__ his inspiring words.
④An apple fell off the tree and struck him on _the__ head.
写出下列句中strike的含义
⑤The clock struck twelve when I got home last night．_(钟)敲__
⑥A terrible earthquake did strike the northeast of Japan on March 11．_侵袭__
⑦A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper．_突然想到__
⑧The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake．_打动，迷住__
13．effect n．影响；结果；效果
典型例句
The film had quite an effect on her.
这部影片对她影响极大。
词块必记
(1) take effect 生效；见效
come into effect 生效
have an effect/influence/impact/on/upon 对……产生影响
put ...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
in effect 事实上；实际上
be of no effect 没有效果的；没有影响的
side effect 副作用
cause and effect 因果
(2)effective adj．有效的；有影响的
(3)affect vt．影响
典型句式精析
1．asif似乎；好像；仿佛
教材原句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(P50)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
考点必记
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时；be动词用were(与现在的事实相反)；
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。
(3)as if从句可用省略形式，后面通常接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she _were__ (be) their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he _had been scolded__ (scold) by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if _to say__ (say) something important.
句式升级
④The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground as if _badly hurt__.(状语从句的省略)
2．was doing...when...正要做某事，突然(就在这时)……
教材原句
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(P54)
我正和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始灌进了我家里。
考点必记

had just done...when...刚做完……这时……
名师点津
when为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and then/and at that time
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I _was wondering__ (wonder) whether to participate when my English teacher came by，telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.
②She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out _when__ she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
③The professor had just finished his speech when students _rushed__ (rush) out of the classroom.
完成句子
④约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了一声尖叫。
John _was studying__ in his room when he heard a scream.
⑤我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
I was _on the point of__giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
(6)她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
She _had just finished__her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．_With__ the aid of our English teacher，we have made great progress this term.
2．As is known to all，a strong and _powerful__ (power) China will certainly benefit the whole world.
3．Heavy floods _struck__(strike) the South last week，causing great damage to the local people.
4．Several days later most of the buildings which had been _damaged__(damage) were repaired.
5．It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower _was destroyed__ (destroy) in the fire last year.
6．Their inventions have contributed to the development of _electrical__(electricity) engineering.
7．In his life he set an example of bravery and _wisdom__(wise) to others.
8．Six months after _suffering__(suffer) our defeat on the spring practice field，we won our first game.
9．The government has declared a state of _emergency__(emergent) following the earthquake.
10．She heard the wind _whistling__(whistle) through the trees and the howl of a distant wolf.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他讲起英语来好像他是个美国人。(as if)
He speaks English _as if/though he were an American__.
2．他妻子去世的消息使他大为震惊。(shock)
The news of his wife’s death was _a terrible shock to him__.
3．被认为，这场风暴造成多达4人死亡。(as many as)
The storm is thought to be responsible for _as many as four deaths__.
4．我站在那里，等着他。(现在分词作状语)
I stood there, _waiting for him__.
5．他们到得太晚了，没能赶上第一班车。(too...to...)
They got there _too late to catch__ the first bus.
6．我正沿着河边走，突然听到了一个男孩的呼救声。(be doing...when)
I _was walking along the river when__ I heard a boy crying for help.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake．It seemed as if the world came to 1．_an__ end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the 2．_greatest__ (great)earthquakes of the 20th century had begun．It was felt in Beijing, 3．_which__ is more than 150 kilometres away．One third of the nation felt it．A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide 4．_cut__ (cut)across houses, roads, and canals．Steam burst from holes in the ground．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay 5．_in__ ruins．The suffering of the people was extreme．Two 6．_thirds__(three) of them died or were injured during the earthquake．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents．The number of people who were killed or 7．_seriously__ (serious) injured reached more than 400,000.150, 000 soldiers were sent to Tangshan to help the rescue workers．They organized teams 8．_to dig__ (dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．Workers built shelters for 9．_survivors__ (survive) whose homes 10．_had been destroyed__(destroy)．Slowly，the city began to breathe again.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
2008年四川汶川地震是一次致命性的地震，发生在2008年5月12日。在附近地区以及北京和上海都有震感，那里的写字楼有轻微摇晃。这是自1976年唐山大地震以来对中国最致命的地震，也是21世纪最致命的地震。
It is known that Wenchuan was hit by a severe earthquake on May 12,2008.After the earthquake，everywhere we looked，we 1．_found everything in ruins__(发现一切都变成了废墟).2．_It seemed as if__(似乎) the world were coming to an end.However，not all hope was destroyed.
The Chinese government’s rapid response, the transparence of information after the quake，and the open attitude towards foreign aid, were unprecedented．Besides, lots of enterprises, big or small，3．_participated in all sorts of donation activities__(参与抗震救灾的各种捐赠活动)．Last but not least，the actions of ordinary people．They 4．_came to the rescue right away__ (立刻前来救援)，saved some people who were trapped under the ruins，and 5．_buried the dead__ (掩埋死者)．They were so kind and helpful that they were willing to help those in trouble 6．_in the face of disasters__ (在灾难面前)．
UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
(主题语境：人与社会——世界上的语言)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_billion__ n．十亿
2．_attitude__ n．态度；看法
3．_system__ n．体系；制度；系统
4．_despite__ prep.即使；尽管
5．_factor__ n．因素；要素
6．_bone__ n．骨头；骨(质)
7．_symbol__ n．符号；象征
8．_means__ n．方式；方法；途径
9．_regard__ n．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待
10．_affair__ n．公共事务；事件；关系
11．_struggle__ n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
12．_apartment__ n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房
13．_beg__ vt.恳求；祈求；哀求
14．_vocabulary__ n．词汇
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．native adj．_出生地的；本地的；土著的__n．_本地人__
2．shell n．_壳；壳状物__
3．carve vt.& vi．_雕刻__
4．dynasty n．_王朝；朝代__
5．dialect n．_地方话；方言__
6．classic adj．_传统的；最优秀的；典型的__
n．_经典作品；名著__
7．calligraphy n．_书法；书法艺术__
8．specific adj．_特定的；明确的；具体的__
9．CE _公元__
10．tongue n．_舌头；语言__
11．semester n．_学期__
12．gas n．_汽油；气体，燃气__
13．petrol n．(NAmE gas) _汽油__
14．subway n．_地铁__
15．pants n．[pl.](BrE) _内裤；短裤__；(especially NAmE) _裤子__
16．gap n．_间隔；开口；差距__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→ _reference__ n．言及；提及；参考；查阅
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→ _base__ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→ _basic__ adj.基本的；基础的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→ _various__ adj.不同的；各种各样的→ _vary__ vt.& vi.使不同；变化
4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→ _majority__ n．大多数；大半→ _minority__ n．少数
5．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→ _characteristic__ n．特征；特性
6．global adj.全球的；全世界的→ _globe__ n．球体；地球仪；地球
7．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→ _appreciation__ n．欣赏；感激；感谢
8．equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→ _equally__ adv.相等地→ _equality__ n．同等；平等
9．demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问→ _demanding__ adj.(工作)苛求的；费力的
10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→ _describe__ vt.描述
11．relate v．联系；讲述→ _related__ adj.有关的；有联系的→ _relation__ n．关系；亲戚→ _relative__ n．亲戚adj.相对的→ _relativity__ n．相对性
1．(2021·全国新高考I卷)What is the author’s attitude _to/towards__ the popularization of emotional intelligence?
2．(2020·江苏卷)The health security _systems__(system) of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.
3．(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more we will see that social _factors__(factor)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
4．(2020·全国卷I)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _means__(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷)However, most people don’t regard pronunciation _as__ a very important part of communication skills.
6．(2021·3月天津卷)After _struggling__ (struggle)for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
7．(2020·山东卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural _references__(reference), making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
8．(2020·全国卷I)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is _based__(base) on our present mental register.
9．(2020·天津卷)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the _various__(vary) food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
10．(2020·全国卷II)The farm is situated at the foot of a mountain, the sky is blue and the air is fresh.We were attracted by the beautiful scenery.There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as a variety _of__ animals.
11．(2020·浙江卷)A few _characters__(character) are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.
12．(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant _global__ (globe)communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
13．(2020·全国卷III)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with _appreciation__(appreciate)．
14．(2020·浙江卷)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), _demanding__(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
15．(2020·山东卷)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid _description__(describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
16．(2019·全国卷II)Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are _equally__(equal) funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational.
17．(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international _affairs__(affair).
联想积累：
1．单复数意义不同的名词小结
①custom(风俗)→customs(海关)
②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)
③paper(纸)→papers(文件)
④art(艺术)→arts(文科)
⑤short(短片)→shorts(短裤；内裤)
⑥mean(折中；平均数)→means(方式；方法；途径)
2．表示“主要的；重要的”的形容词荟萃
①major　　 主要的；重要的
②main 　　　　 主要的
③primary 　　　　 主要的；首要的
④chief 　　　　 首要的；主要的
⑤leading 　　　　 重要的，首位的
⑥vital 　　　　 极其重要的
⑦significant 　　　　 重要的
3．“感谢；感激”家族记心间
①grateful adj．　　　　 感激的
gratitude n．　　　　 感激
②appreciate v．　　　　 感激；感谢
appreciation n．　　　　 感激
③thank v．　　　　 感谢
thanks n．　　　　 感谢
thankful adj．　　　　 感激的
Ⅱ．短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_refer to__指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．_be known for...__因……而闻名
3．_ups and downs__浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
4．_at the beginning__起初
5．_date back to__追溯到
6．_lead to__导致
7．_be of importance__重要的
8．_no matter where/who/what...__不论在哪里/谁/什么……；不管……
9．_be connected with...__与……有联系/关联
10．_see...as...__把……看作……
11．_play a role in...__在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
12．_a number of__许多；大量
13．_point of view__观点；看法
14．_fight for...__为争取……而斗争
15．_give up__放弃
16．_used to do sth.__过去常常做某事
17．_have trouble with sth.__在某方面有困难
18．_depend on__依靠；依赖
19．_relate to...__与……相关；涉及；谈到
20．_introduce sb.to sb.__把某人介绍给某人
1．(2020·全国卷I)What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 _refer to__？
2．(2021·全国乙卷) _At the beginning__ of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash.
3．(2020·浙江卷)These lights, known as adaptive signals, _have led to__ significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
4．(2020·天津卷)For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but _no matter how__ hard I tried, I was always the neglected(被忽略的) one.
5．(2020·山东卷)When he was 16, Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away _a number of__ birds.
6．(2020·天津卷)I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I _used to__ think.
7．(2021·3月天津卷)Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather than just _depending on__ the teacher.

联想积累：
1．常见be of＋抽象名词的短语
①be of＋(age)表示年龄
②be of＋(size)表示大小
③be of＋(color)表示颜色
④be of＋(weight)表示重量
⑤be of＋(height)表示高度
⑥be of＋(price)表示价格
⑦be of＋(opinion)表示意见
⑧be of＋(shape)表示形状
2．常见“把……看作”的短语
①treat...as　　　　　 ②look on...as
③regard...as　　　　　 ④consider...as
⑤see...as　　　　　 ⑥think of...as
⑦view...as　　　　　 ⑧take...as
⑨count...as
3．“引起；导致”有因有果
①contribute to 导致；有助于
②lead to 引起；导致；造成
③result in 导致；造成
④bring about 引起；导致；造成
⑤cause 引起；造成
⑥result from 起因于
Ⅲ．经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人把符号刻在动物骨头和贝壳上。(教材P62)
2．It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
多年来，由于人们在地理上被分隔开，这个书写体系发展成了不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。(教材P62)
3．“be of＋抽象名词”结构
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有极大的重要性。(教材P62)
4．no matter where/how/what/when...不论……；不管……
Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。(教材P62)
5．listen to sb. doing sth.
When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words.
当我听视频里的以英语为母语者说英语的时候，我只能听懂几个单词。(教材P66)
1．(2021·3月天津卷) 威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。
William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _from which__ we can learn without repeating them.
2．(2019·全国卷II) 曾经有一段时间，人们可能会因为要个人的桌位而感到尴尬，但那些日子已经过去了。
There was _a time when__ people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.
3．(2020·全国卷I)月球的远端能引起科学家的特殊兴趣，因为月球上有很多深的环形山，比我们熟悉的近端更甚。
The far side of the moon is _of particular interest__ to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
4．(2021·3月天津卷) Jordan 说不管结局如何，都要从希望开始。
Jordan said that _no matter how__ it ends, it starts with hope.
5．(2020·江苏卷)当谈到面对面的幽默时，努力是很重要的。当人们看到你试图搞笑时，他们就可以自由地亲自尝试了。
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot.When people _see you trying to be funny__， it frees them to try it themselves.

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助
教材原句
Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60)
代词(it，they，she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
词块必记
(1)refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅；参考；提交；把……称作……
refer to...as..把……称作……
refer...to...把……提交给……；把……委托给……
(2)reference n．言及；提及；参考；查阅
in/with reference to 关于
即学即用
写出下列句子中refer to的含义
①Although she didn’t mention any names，everyone knew who she was referring to.
_指的是__
②You can refer to online articles to complete your education.
_参考__
③Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know the word.
_查阅__
④We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
_提到__
单句语法填空
⑤People who work in offices are usually referred to _as__“white collar workers”．
⑥You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _reference__(refer)．
⑦As the situation was unusual，he referred the matter _to__ the editor.
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
教材原句
At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture-based language．(P62)
最初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
词块必记
(1)base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础；依据……
at the base of在……底部
(2)basic adj.基本的；基础的
basis n．基础；基本原则
on the basis of在……基础上；基于……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Please do remember that success is based _on__ hard work.
②The study _was based__(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
③Contact with other people is a _basic__(base) human need.
④ _Basing__(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
⑤You’ll be able to choose a room _based__ (base) on your own personal tastes.
3．date back (to)追溯到……；始于……
教材原句
It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62)
它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。
词块必记
(1)date back to＝date from追溯到……
(2)out of date 过时的；陈旧的
up to date最近的；新式的；现代的
名师点津
date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用动词-ing形式。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①My interest in stamp collecting _dates__(date) back to my schooldays.
②_Dating__ (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up _to__ date with modern technology.
一句多译
(2018·北京高考满分作文)中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1,000多年前。
④Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history which _dates from/back to more than 1,000 years ago__.(定语从句)
⑤Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history _dating from/back to more than 1,000 years ago__.(分词作定语)
4．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
教材原句
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62)
多年来，由于人们在地理上被分隔开，这个书写体系发展成了不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
词块必记
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化
vary from...to...从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
vary in...在……方面丰富多样
vary with...随着……的变化而变化
即学即用
单句语法填空
①One of the advantages is that we can find _various__ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history.
②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages _vary__(various) from 10 to 15.
③There are _varieties__(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
句式升级
④Our school has built a new stadium and it has all kinds of well-equipped facilities．
→Our school has built a new stadium, _which has varieties of__ well-equipped facilities.(定语从句)
5．means n．方式；方法；途径
教材原句
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。(P62)
词块必记
(1)a means of (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法、途径
(2)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……手段
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
名师点津
当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语若有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Every possible means _has been used__ (use)to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
②All possible means _have been used__ (use) to stop the river from being polluted.
句式升级
③The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.
→By no means _is the problem__as simple as we first thought.
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
教材原句
As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
词块必记
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激
名师点津
appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate _it__ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
②She shows little _appreciation__(appreciate) of good music.
③I appreciate _being given__(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
写出下列句中appreciate的含义
④You should say such good music is noise, which shows you can’t appreciate music．_欣赏__
⑤I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．_理解__
⑥He highly appreciates their help because without their help he would have failed．_感激__
7．struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
教材原句
When I started studying German, it was a struggle.(P64)
当我开始学习德语时，那是一场斗争。
词块必记
struggle to do sth.努力去做某事
struggle with/against...同……做斗争
struggle for sth.为某事而努力
struggle on挣扎着坚持下去
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
即学即用
单句语法填空
①This small food factory reduced their product prices to struggle _for__ existence in the local market.
②The prisoner struggled _with/against__ the policeman but couldn’t escape.
③Bravely, Mary struggled _to__ her feet, and fought against the wind and rain.
句式升级
④Mary had struggled for months to find a job，and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
→ _Having struggled for months to find a job__，Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency．(分词作状语)
8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的
教材原句
...our relationship is close and we’re equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(P66)
……我们的关系很亲密，并且我们是平等的，因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的距离。
词块必记
(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事
A equal(s) B in...
A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
without equal＝have no equal无与伦比
(2)equality n．平等；相等
equally adv．相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Any man will be equal _to__ the task，so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.
②No one equals him _in__ courage, about which every one knows.
一句多译
③尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。
Young as he was，John _was equal to__ the important task.(equal)
Although he was young，John _was fit for__ the important task.(fit)
Young as he was，John _was qualified for__ the important task.(qualified)
完成句子
④我们要积极参加各种体育运动，注重心理健康，它与身体健康同等重要。
We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which _ is equal to__ physical health.
9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
教材原句
But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand.(P66)
但是，如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈，我必须把我的请求说的时间长一些——我必须确保这是请求，而不是一个要求。
词块必记
(1)be in(great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth.要求……(应该)做某事
(3)demanding adj．要求高的；费力的；苛求的
名师点津
“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb. to do...，但可用demand of sb. to do...。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Like running, race walking is physically _demanding__ (demand), she says.
②Learning English well is one of the _demands__ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career.
③First, science graduates are _in__ greater demand than arts ones in China.
词汇/句式升级
④The manager asked the workers to work extra hours to finish the task ahead of time.
→The manager _demanded that the workers (should) work extra hours__ to accomplish the task ahead of schedule.(宾语从句)
10．relate v．联系；讲述
教材原句
Does each sentence relate to the main idea? (P67)
每句话都和主旨有关吗？
词块必记
(1)relate sth. to sb.向某人讲述某事
relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
(2)related adj.有关的；有联系的
be related to...与……有关
(3)relation n．关系，联系；亲戚
in relation to关于
(4)relationship n．关系；联系
relative adj.比较的；相对的n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地；相当地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①This is quite important，because it is directly related _to__ your commitment.
(此题为更换后新题)
②This medicine can also reduce other _related__ (relate) health problems including headache and stomachache.
(此题为重题，更换新题见上题)
②The position calls for _related__ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
③Determining where we are in _relation__(relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
一句多译
你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。
④You should write down all the information _related to __ the problem．(relate)
⑤You should write down all the information _in relation to__ the problem．(relation)
典型句式精析
1．It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期
教材原句
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62)
多年来，由于人们在地理上被分隔开，这个书写体系发展成了不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
考点必记
a time表示“一段时间”，相当于a period of time，后接when引导的定语从句。
It/ This/That/There was a time when..曾经一度/那时……
名师点津
当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day, moment, hour, year等时，若关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，则用关系副词when；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词which/that(作宾语时关系代词有时可以省略)。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It was a time _when__ my mother was working as a lawyer.
②There was _a__ time when this style of dress was popular with young girls.
③The terrible accident happened at a time _when__ father was away in America, a time that we’ll never forget.
完成句子
④曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。
_There was a time when__ women were not allowed to go to school.
2．“be of＋抽象名词”结构
教材原句
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
那一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。
考点必记
(1)be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该名词的同根形容词
be of great＝be very
(2)“be of the same＋抽象名词”用于说明主语的特征(这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式)，如：be of the same size/weight/height/age/colour/kind/type。
即学即用
结合“be of＋名词”的用法完成句子
①你会发现这张地图对你周游伦敦很有用。(value)
You’ll find this map is _of great/much value__ for you to travel around London.
②这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。(importance)
The discovery of the new drug is _of great/much importance__ to people who suffer from heart trouble.
③请把这些东西捐给慈善机构。它们对我没有用了。(use)
Please give these things to charities.They are _of no use__ to me.
一句多译
(2018·浙江高考满分作文)我珍惜这个好机会，它在很多方面对我都有很多好处。
④I treasure this good chance and it _is of great benefit to me__ in many ways.(benefit)
⑤I treasure this good chance and it _is very beneficial to me__ in many ways.(beneficial)
3．no matter where, who，what，etc.不论……；不管……
教材原句
Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.(P62)
即使在今天，无论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
考点必记
“no matter＋疑问词”结构与“疑问词＋-ever”在用法上的异同：
(1) “no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
(2)whatever, whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①One can always manage to do more things, no matter _how__ full his schedule is.
②I am firmly convinced(深信) that no matter _when__ chances arrive, we are able to seize them as long as we are well prepared.
③_Whatever__ you lose in life, don’t lose faith or hope.
完成句子
④通过建立家庭博客，无论在哪里，我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。
By setting up a family blog，we can conveniently share our experiences _no matter where we are__.
⑤我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
We promise _whoever attends the party__ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
句式升级
⑥A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
→A determined person always tries to finish the job, _however hard it is__.

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With a local guide leading the way，they had no difficulty _walking__(walk) out of the forest.
2．The position calls for _related__ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
3．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond _description__(describe)．
4．Sales director is a position _where__ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
5．A student who has learnt British English might not be familiar _with__ the different vocabulary that an American might use.
6．He made another wonderful discovery，which I thought was of great _importance__(important) to science.
7．When he left his _native__ (nation) country, he said he would not return until he was successful.
8．_Despite__ the difficulty, she finally became the first Indian female athlete to compete in the Olympics.
9．This temple has a long history _dating__ (date) back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.
10．They said that due to the _global__ (globe) warming the forest is producing 47 tons of wood each year.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．无论你认为你自己多么聪明，你都要为了成功努力工作。(no matter)
_No matter how clever you consider yourself__，you must work hard in order to succeed.
2．随着全球气温持续上升，越来越多的冰正在融化。(as引导时间状语从句)
_As the global temperature keeps increasing__，more and more ice is melting.
3．许多人听这首歌，使它更加流行。(现在分词作结果状语)
Many people listen to the song, _making it more popular__.
4．我一进去，就看见孩子们正在厨房里做饭。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When I walked in, I _saw the children cooking__ in the kitchen.
5．关于是否发表这个报告我们展开了争论。(whether＋动词不定式)
There is an argument among us about _whether to publish the report__.
6．他叔叔根据他童年的故事拍了一部电影。(base)
His uncle made a film _based on his story__ in his childhood.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the main reasons 1．_why__China’s ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times have been the Chinese writing system．At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language, which 2．_dates__(date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu.
Symbols 3．_were carved__ (carve) on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people.Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was 4．_a__ time when people were divided geographically, 5．_leading__(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country, making the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction．It was of great 6．_importance__ (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.People in modern times can read the classic 7．_works__ (work) written by Chinese in ancient 8．_times__(time)．Nowadays, Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture．As China plays a greater role in 9．_global__ (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this 10．_amazing__(amaze) language.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Edward正在学习汉语，希望你推荐一个适合他学习汉语的网站。请你给他写一封电子邮件。
Dear Edward，
I’m more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese.Do remember that any method 1．_is based on hard work__(建立在努力的基础上)．Now I’d like to recommend www.edchinese.com to you．It’s a good website for non-Chinese speakers who are learning Chinese，especially for beginners.
To begin with，it provides you with 2．_a variety of online courses__(各种各样的在线课程)，such as Chinese idioms, dialogues and customs．Besides，it will help you learn Chinese in interesting and effective ways.Here you can learn to 3．_appreciate Tang poems__ (欣赏唐诗)，watch Chinese movies and speak Chinese.This is important because the more you speak Chinese，4．_the better your Chinese will become__(你的汉语就会越好)．I hope this website 5．_will be of great help to you__ (对你有很大的帮助)．
Wish you a happy learning time!
Yours，
Li Hua

UNIT 1　CULTURAL HERITAGE
(主题语境：人与社会——文化遗产)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_temple__ n．庙；寺
2．_preserve__ vt.保存；保护；维持 n．保护区
3．_likely__ adj.可能的 adv.可能地
4．_committee__ n．委员会
5．_prevent__ vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
6．_department__ n．部；司；科
7．_fund__ n．基金；专款
8．_issue__ n．重要议题；争论的问题 vt.宣布；公布
9．_attempt__ n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试
10．_republic__ n．共和国
11．_process__ n．过程；进程；步骤 vt.处理；加工
12．_exit__ n．出口；通道 vi.& vt.出去；离去
13．_sheet__ n．一张(纸)；床单；被单
14．_mirror__ n．镜子
15．_roof__ n．顶部；屋顶
16．_dragon__ n．龙
17．_further__ adv.(far的比较级)更远；进一步
18．_opinion__ n．意见；想法；看法
19．_contrast__ n．对比；对照 vt.对比；对照
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．mount n．_山峰__vt．_爬上；骑上__vi．_爬；登上__
2．clue n．_线索；提示__
3．dam n．_水坝；拦河坝__
4．protest n．_抗议__ vi.& vt．_(公开)反对；抗议__
5．document n．_文件；公文；(计算机)文档__vt．_记录；记载(详情)__
6．overseas adj．_海外的__adv．_在海外__
7．digital adj．_数码的；数字显示的__
8．image n．_形象；印象__
9．cave n．_山洞；洞穴__
10．throughout prep．_各处；遍及；自始至终__
11．quote vt．_引用__
12．identify vt．_确认；认出；找到__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→ _creative__ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→ _create__ vt.创造；发明→ _creation__ n．创造
2．former adj.以前的；(两者中)前者的→ _latter__ adj.后面的；(两者中)后者的
3．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→ _promotion__ n．促进；提升
4．app n．应用程序；应用软件→ _application__ n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→ _apply__ vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用→ _applicant__ n．申请人
5．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡→ _balanced__ adj.均衡的
6．proposal n．提议；建议→ _propose__ v．建议；提议
7．establish vi.建立；创立→ _establishment__ n．建立
8．limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→ _limited__ adj.有限的→ _unlimited__ adj.无限的→ _limitless__ adj.无限制的；无止境的
9．loss n．丧失；损失→ _lose__ v．遗失，丢失→ _loser__ n．输家；失败者→ _lost__ adj.遗失的
10．contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→ _contribute__ vi.& vt.捐献；捐助
11．investigate vi.& vt.调查；研究→ _investigation__ n．调查；研究
12．conduct n．行为；举止；管理方法 vt.组织；安排；带领→ _conductor__ n．指挥
13．donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→ _donation__ n．捐赠→ _donator__ n．捐赠者
14．disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→ _disappearance__ n．消失；灭绝→ _appear__ vi.出现；显得；似乎
15．worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的→ _worth__
adj.值……钱→ _worthy__ adj.值得……的
16．download vt.下载n.下载；已下载的数据资料→ _load__
vt.装；装载→ _upload__ vt.上传
17．professional adj.专业的；职业的 n．专业人员；职业选手→ _profession__ n．职业；专业
18．entrance n．入口；进入→ _enter__ v．进入
19．forgive vt.& vi.原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅→ _forgiveness__ n．原谅→ _forgiving__ adj.宽恕的；宽容的
20．quality n．质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的→ _quantity__ n．量；数量
21．tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→ _traditional__ adj.传统的→ _traditionally__ adv.传统地
22．historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；有史时期的→ _history__ n．历史
23．comparison n．比较；相比→ _compare__ vt.比较
1．(2020·江苏卷)But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them.He said that he had heard the calls _to preserve__(preserve) the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.
2．(2021·全国新高考I卷)You should listen to experts, by experts, I mean those who are less likely _to make__ (make)pronunciation mistakes.
3．(2020·天津卷)He has recently made a significant discovery—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can _be prevented__(prevent) in a clever way.
4．(2021·全国新高考I卷)The pan was too hot and the bread turned black _within__ seconds.
5．(2021·3月天津卷) After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful _attempts__ (attempt) to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
6．(2019·全国卷II)However, if others benefit _in__ the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
7．(2021·浙江卷)Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between _images__(image)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.
8．(2021·3月天津卷)Today I am living a _creative__ (create) life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
9．(2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will _promote__(promotion) the sales of these products.
10．(2020·天津卷)What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD(远程定向声波发射器)? It causes temporary hearing _loss__(lose)．
11．(2020·浙江卷)Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their _contributions__(contribute) to the theater.
12．(2020·全国卷I)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study _conducted__(conduct) in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
13．(2020·山东卷)In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the _disappearance__(disappear) of the Aral Sea.
14．(2020·全国卷III)Given your busy schedule, I’d be very appreciative if you offer to give some _professional__(profession) advice.Look forward to your early reply.Best regards!
15．(2020·全国卷I)Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance _to__ the station platforms.
16．(2020·全国卷I)Forgive yourself _for__ mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.Remember, you are only human.
17．(2020·全国卷III)Highlights(精彩之处)include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills，waterways and peaceful temples.We will wander in _traditional__(tradition) small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
18．(2020·浙江卷)—How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
—By making a _comparison__(compare).
联想积累：
1．否定前缀un-高频形容词一览
①unfit 　　　　　　 不合适的
②unfair 　　　　 不公平的
③unusual 　　　　 不寻常的
④unlikely 　　　　 不可能的
⑤unfortunate 　　　　 不幸的
⑥uncomfortable　　　　 不舒服的
2．dis-否定前缀词精选
①disagree vi．不同意
②dislike vt．不喜欢
③disappear vi．消失
④disappoint vt．使失望
⑤discourage vt．使气馁
⑥discover vt．发现
3．“互联网”家族
①download vt．下载
②click vt．点击
③connect vt．连接
④surf vi.&.vt.浏览；(互联网上)冲浪
⑤network n．网络
Ⅱ．短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_take part in__参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
2．_give way to__让步；屈服
3．_keep balance__保持平衡
4．_lead to__导致
5．_make a proposal__提出建议
6．_turn to__向……求助
7．_prevent...from...__阻止；不准
8．_donate...to...__向……捐赠……
9．_the same as__和……一样
10．_make sure__确保；设法保证
11．_thousands of__成千上万的
12．_as well__也；还
13．_in danger__处于危险之中
14．_the entrance to...__……的入口
15．_day and night__日日夜夜地；整日整夜
16．_look like__看起来像……
17．_take turns to do sth.__轮流干某事
18．_all over the world__在世界各地
19．_work on__研究；致力于
1．(2021·1月浙江卷)I think I am much stronger for having _taken part in__ the project.
2．(2020·全国卷III)She wondered if centuries of diving could have _led to__ the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
3．(2020·山东卷)He _turned to__ the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
4．(2020·天津卷)It _prevents__ people who are cut off from society _falling__ victim to cheaters.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷) “A lot of skills are needed for the job．You have to _make sure__ you don’t turn two pages at once and _make sure__ you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
6．(2020·浙江卷)Over _thousands of__ years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
联想积累：
1．“参加”大聚会
①compete in
②join in
③participate in
④take part in
2．常见的带有介词to的短语
①pay attention to 注意
②devote...to...致力于……
③get down to 着手做……
④lead to 通向，导致
3．give 短语来集合
①give up 放弃
②give away 赠送；泄露
③give back 归还
④give off 释放；发出(气味等)
Ⅲ．经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．in order to 为了……
In the 1950s，the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods，produce electricity，and supply water to more farmers in the area.
20世纪50年代，埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝，以控制洪水、发电，并为该地区更多的农民供水。(教材P4)
2．not only...but also...不但…… 而且……
Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。(教材P4)
3．It is said that 据说……
It is said that it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong!
据说这是一面明镜，可以分辨是非！(教材P7)
4．as引导的非限制性定语从句
As one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself.Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.”
正如该项目一位研究人员所说：“欣赏自己的文化遗产对了解自己非常重要。欣赏其他国家的文化遗产对国际交流和理解非常重要。”(教材P8)
1．(2021·全国甲卷) 为了得到更多的点击，你最好告诉我你们西方人喜欢哪种中国文化。
_In order to__ get more clicks, you’d better tell me which Chinese culture you westerners prefer.
2．(2021·浙江卷) 通过这次展览，你不仅可以欣赏到精彩的画面，还可以更好地了解中国画的艺术。
Through the exhibition，_not only__ can you admire wonderful pictures, _but also__ enable you understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.
3．(2020·全国卷III)有些人和年迈的父母住在一起；如果他们离开了，更多的成年子女将回到家中。 据说，25—34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。
Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left．_It is said that__ about 20% of 25—34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
4．(2021·全国新高考I卷) 他说他变得和台上演奏乐器的人一样紧张。
He said he became just _as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
5．(2020·山东卷) 正如作者所解释的，这既不是旅行，也不是历史书，甚至不是一篇报告文学。无论它是什么，其结果都是对最纯粹的中亚传统的一种精细而生动的描述。
_As the author explains__， this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions．

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．take part in 参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
教材原句
A group of high school students who are taking part in an international youth camp at Mount Tai are creating an app about China’s most famous mountain．(P3)
一群参加泰山国际青年夏令营的高中生正在制作一款关于中国最著名的山的应用程序。
词块必记
take part参加
take an active part in积极参加
play a part in在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
名师点津
(1)后面不接宾语时，不用加介词in。
(2)part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前须加不定冠词。
易混辨析
take part in，join in，join，attend
易混词(组)
辨析
举例
take
part in
参加群众性活动，并发挥一定的作用
take part in sports meeting
参加运动会
join in
参加正在进行的活动，常可与take part in换用
join in the conversation/discussion
参与交谈/讨论
join
加入某团体或组织，成为其中的一员，也可指加入某人的行列
join the army/the Party参军/入党
join us in the game
和我们一起做游戏
attend
参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学等
attend a meeting/ceremony/lecture
参加会议/参加典礼/听讲座
attend class/college上课/上大学
即学即用
完成句子
①安娜是一个活泼又有爱心的女孩，她积极参加社会活动。
Anna is a lively and caring girl who _takes an active part in__ social activities.
②我们打算举办一个英语晚会，你想参加吗？
We are going to hold an English party．Do you want _to take part__？
选词填空：join in/join/take part in/attend
③Do you assure you can persuade him to _join__ our team?
④She couldn’t _attend__ the meeting so her assistant took her place.
⑤He stared at them without _joining in__ the conversation.
⑥We will go to _take part in__ the summer camp held by your school this July.
2．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡
教材原句
Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.(P4)
在进步和保护文化遗址之间找到并保持恰当的平衡可能是一个艰巨的挑战。
词块必记
(1)keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
keep a balance between A and B 在A与B之间保持平衡
keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
(3)balanced adj.平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
即学即用
单句语法填空
①People have learnt the importance of keeping a _balanced__ (balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.
②The most important thing is _to balance__ (balance) the development of economy with the protection of environment.
③You are working too hard．You’d better keep _a__ balance between work and relaxation.
句式升级
④She balanced the demands of the workplace against those of family life and then chose the latter.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→_Balancing the demands of the __ workplace against those of family life, she chose the latter.
3．lead to导致
教材原句
Big challenges，however，can sometimes lead to great solutions.(P4)
然而，巨大的挑战有时可以带来伟大的解决方案。
词块必记
(1)lead sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
lead/live a...life过……的生活
lead the way引路；带路
lead sb. into...领着某人进入……
lead sb. to...引导某人去……(地方)
(2)take the lead带头；居首位
in/have the lead 领先
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As we all know，driving too fast and drunk driving can lead _to__ a lot of accidents.
②His amazing intelligence led him _to make__ (make) many great discoveries.
③Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading _a__happy life.
完成句子
④中国的孩子过着幸福的生活。
Children in China are _living/leading a happy life__.
⑤由向导带路，我们很快找到了那个地方。
With the guide _leading the way__， we found the place quickly.
4．likely adj.可能的 adv.可能地
教材原句
Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.(P4)
大坝的水有可能会损坏许多寺庙并会毁坏文化遗迹，它们是埃及文化遗产的重要部分。
词块必记
(1)be likely to很可能……；有希望……
It is likely that...有可能……
sb. be likely to 某人有可能……
(2)be unlikely to...＝It is unlikely that...
易混辨析
likely，probable，possible
易混词
语气强弱
所作成分
主语
句型
likely
语气较possible强，较probable弱
表语
主语既可以是人也可以是物
sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
It is likely that...
probable
语气最强
表语或
定语
不用人作主语，常用it作形式主语
It is probable that...
possible
语气最弱
表语或
定语
不用人作主语，常用it作形式主语
It is possible for sb.to do sth.
It is possible that...
即学即用
单句语法填空
①People are likely _to forget__ (forget) their own tradition and culture if they focus too much on foreign festivals.
②I have learned that Mr．Brown disagrees with you．Your suggestion is _unlikely__(like) to be accepted under present condition.
一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，你可能会使你的朋友感到尴尬。
③It is _likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed__if you don’t know China’s table manners.
④You are _likely to make your friends feel embarrassed__ if you don’t know China’s table manners.
5．turn to向……求助；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于
教材原句
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.(P4)
在听了研究这个问题的科学家和住在大坝附近的市民的话后，政府在1959年向联合国求助。
词块必记
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走
turn up 出现；露面；调大
turn out 证明是；结果是；出席
turn over 翻转；翻身；移交
turn in 上交；交还
即学即用
写出下列句中turn to的含义
①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble．_求助于__
②If you turn to Page 40, you will find it.
_翻到(书的某页)__
③More and more people turn to computer science.
_从事于__
④Their talk turned to the change that had happened.
_转向__
⑤You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words while reading.
_查阅__
用turn的相关短语填空
⑥He said he was a doctor; but later he _turned out__ to be a cheat.
⑦The meeting has already begun，but the chairman hasn’t _turned up__yet.
⑧Mr．Brown was disappointed to find his suggestions _turned down__.
6．limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定
教材原句
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.(P4)
为了限制对埃及建筑物的破坏并防止文物丢失，成立了一个委员会。
词块必记
(1) limit...to...把……限制在……内
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit to sth. 对……规定限度
There is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
(3) limited adj.有限的
be limited to sth.受限制于某物
(4)limitless adj.无限的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Set a limit _to__ the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
②(2019·江苏卷) Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of _limited__ (limit) resources.
一句多译
他的英语水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。
③His English _is so limited that__ he can’t understand what the native speakers say.
④ _So limited is his English that__ he can’t understand what the native speakers say.
7．contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠
教材原句
The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community.(P4)
委员会要求各部门提供捐助，并在国际社会内筹集资金。
词块必记
(1)make a contribution/contributions to(doing) sth.对……做出贡献
(2)contribute v．捐助；捐献；贡献出；投稿
contribute to有助于；促使；导致；投稿
contribute...to...向……捐献/捐赠……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The economists have made important _contributions__ (contribute)to the field of financial and corporate economics.
②If you want to contribute _to__ our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.
③The two-week exchange activities contributed _to__ a better understanding between us.
完成句子
④位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏省将会为“一带一路”的建设做出更多的贡献。
Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu province will _contribute more to__ the Belt and Road construction.
8．prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
教材原句
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.(P4)
成立了一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的丢失。
词块必记
(1)prevent...(from) doing sth.
＝stop...(from) doing sth.
＝keep...from doing sth.阻止……做某事
(2)prevention n．预防；防止；防范
名师点津
prevent...from/stop...from.../keep...from...意思相同，在被动语态里from均不可省略；而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。keep...from...短语中，介词from不能省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.的意思是“使某人一直做某事”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As far as I am concerned, the government is supposed to take effective measures to prevent the haze from _getting__ (get) worse.
②Food safety is very important，so the government spares no effort _to prevent__ (prevent) food pollution.
③The reason that she gave for being absent from class was that the heavy snow prevented her _coming__ (come)．
完成句子
④必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。
Effective measures must be taken to _prevent/keep/stop__ the environment _from__ being polluted.
9．donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)
教材原句
Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project.(P4)
50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。
词块必记
(1)donate...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
(2)donation n．捐赠；捐献
make a donation to...向……捐赠
(3)donated adj．捐赠的
donator n．捐赠者
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷) This has led companies and individuals to donate money _to__ developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities.
②Besides, we made a _donation__ (donate) of 120,000 yuan to you, hoping to help you get through the difficulties.
句式升级
③The old man donated a lot of money to the school．It enables the students to return to their classroom.
→The old man donated a lot of money to the school, _enabling the students to return to their classroom__.(分词作状语)
10．attempt n.& vt.企图；试图；尝试
教材原句
Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam？(P5)
为什么埃及政府想尝试建大坝？
词块必记
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing试图做某事
in an attempt to do为了……
at one’s/the first attempt(某人)第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth.企图做某事；尝试做某事
(3)attempted adj.未遂的，企图的(置于名词前作定语)
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He attempted _to compete__ (compete) for the position of chairman of the Students’ Union.
②Personally speaking, parents are making _an__attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
③He made an attempt at _passing__ (pass) the exam，but he failed in the end.
一句多译
由于每个外国学生都试着自己泡茶，整个茶馆很快活跃起来。
④Soon the tea room became lively with every international student _attempting to make__ their own tea.(attempt v．)
⑤Soon the tea room became lively with every international student _making an attempt to make__ their own tea.(attempt n．)
11．worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
教材原句
Do you think it was worthwhile? (P5)
你认为它值得吗？
词块必记
(1)It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.做某事是值得的
(2) worth adj.的值得的；有……的价值；等值的
be worth＋名词　值得……；值……
be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做
(3)worthy adj．值得的；配得上的；可敬的
be worthy of being done/to be done值得被做
即学即用
一句多译
他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
①His suggestion put forward at the conference was _worth considering__.
②His suggestion put forward at the conference was worthy of _being considered__.
③His suggestion put forward at the conference was worthy to _be considered__.
④ _It is worthwhile__ to consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.
12．forgive vt.& vi.原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅
教材原句
Forgive me for asking, but...(P7)
原谅我的请求，但是……
词块必记
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive one’s doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Forgive others and you will _be forgiven__ (forgive)．
②Forgive me _for__ interrupting，but I really don’t agree with that.
句式升级
③Excuse me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.
→ _Forgive me for__ having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness．(用 forgive 改写)
典型句式精析
1．There comes a time when...……的时代到来。
教材原句
There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.(P4)
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
考点必记
(1)There comes a time when...意为“……的时代到来”，包含了一个由when引导的限制性定语从句，修饰的是a time，when在从句中作时间状语。
(2)It was a time when..那是一个……时期。
That was a time when...那是一个……时期。
This is a time when...这是一个……时代。
即学即用
完成句子
①手机在我们的日常生活中起重要作用的时代到来了。
_There comes a time__ when mobile phone plays an important part in our everyday life.
②曾经有过一个时期，居里夫人的生活非常艰难。
_There was a time__ when life was very hard for Madame Curie.
③我经常怀念我的童年。那是一段几乎每天都无忧无虑的日子。
I often miss my childhood． _It was a time__ when I spent almost each day without worries.
句式升级
④A time comes there when people get tired.
→_There comes a time__ when people get tired.(完全倒装)
⑤The children rushed out from the classroom as soon as the bell rang.
→_Out rushed the children__ from the classroom as soon as the bell rang.(完全倒装)
2．not only...but also...不仅……而且……
典型例句
Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.(P4)
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且他们也明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
考点必记
(1)not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不但……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接的两个成分作主语时，其谓语在人称和数上通常与邻近的主语保持一致。
(3)not only...but also...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Not only you and I but also Peter, the top student in our school, _is__ (be) not able to solve the problem.
②Not only _did__ we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen，but we also failed to lock the front door.
句式升级
③By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
→By doing so, not only _can I share__good ideas with others but also I learn to express myself clearly.(倒装句)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I have learned a great deal from working with him and all the other _creative__(create) artists.
2．They are Mr．Brown and Mrs．Smith． _The__ former is a painter and the latter is a composer.
3．Students learned the practical _application__ (apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
4．You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection _to promote__(promote) economic growth.
5．The Forbidden City is the largest and best _preserved__ (preserve) collection of ancient buildings in China.
6．You will need to seek _professional__(profession) advice about your claim for compensation.
7．There has been an angry reaction to the government’s _proposal__(propose) to reduce unemployment benefit.
8．Mary passed the college _entrance__ (enter) examination, which made her parents very happy.
9．We want to make a _donation__ (donate) to the Hope Project，so we are organizing a charity show.
10．The collected money should be used to help those who suffered great _loss__ (lose) in the earthquake.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．毫无疑问它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。(likely)
There is no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of health, but _it is more likely to__ result in over-anxiety.
2．假如他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助？(turn to)
Suppose he doesn’t agree to help us, who should we _turn to for help__？
3．文章的长度应该限制在400字左右。(limit)
The length of the article _should be limited to__ 400 words or so.
4．确实到了我们该采取措施来防止环境污染的时候了。(prevent)
It is high time that we did something _to prevent the environment from being polluted__.
5．人们通常认为充足的新鲜空气有助于健康。(contribute)
It is widely believed that plenty of fresh air _contributes to__ good health.
6．我们都知道失败是成功之母，可是很少有人能真正理解这句格言的真谛。(As引导非限制性定语从句)
_As is known to us all/As we all know__，failure is the mother of success, but few people can really understand what the saying means.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the course of economic development, there comes a time 1．_when __the old must give way to the new．2．_Keeping__ (keep) the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a great challenge．In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted 3．_to build__ (build) a dam．However, the project led 4．_to__protests, because the water from the dam would likely damage a number of cultural relics．So the government turned to the UN for help.A committee 5．_was established__ (establish) to deal with the challenge and the experts investigated the issue, conducted tests and made a 6．_proposal__ (propose) to save the cultural relics．7．_Finally__(final), the work began in 1960.The temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece and moved and put back together again in a new place．Over the next 20 years, 8．_thousands__ (thousand ) of engineers and workers rescued 9．_countless__(count) cultural relics．In 1980, the project ended, which was considered 10._a__ great success．It shows that if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，你负责接待一个要参观故宫的美国中学生代表团。请你根据提示完成下面发言稿，以备参观之前向代表团宣读。
Dear friends，
My name is Li Hua.I feel honored that I have the chance to act as your tour guide today．Welcome to the Forbidden City!
Located in the center of Beijing，the Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.The Forbidden City, which covers over 720,000 square metres, was listed as the largest collection of 1．_preserved ancient wooden structures__(保存完好的古代木结构) in the world.By visiting the Forbidden City，you’ll be amazed by its design and it will 2．_promote better understanding between the two countries__(促进两国间更好的了解)．I’m pretty sure you’ll have a good time here.
If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to let me know.I 3．_will attempt to answer all your questions__(将努力回答你所有的问题)．
Thank you.
UNIT 2　WILDLIFE PROTECTION
(主题语境：人与自然——动物保护)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_poster__ n．海报
2．_mass__ adj.大量的；广泛的 n．大量；堆；群
3．_average__ n．平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
4．_reserve__ n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt.预订；预留；保留
5．_plain__ n．平原 adj.简单明了的；直率的；平凡的
6．_profit__ n．利润；利益
7．_attack__ n．，vi.& vt.攻击；抨击
8．_creature__ n．生物；动物
9．_deer__ n．鹿
10．_due__ adj.由于；因为
11．_insect__ n．昆虫
12．_net__ n．＝Internet ；网 adj.净得的；纯的
13．_skin__ n．皮；皮肤
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．species n．_物种__
2．shark n．_鲨鱼__
3．authority n．_官方；当权；权威__
4．whale n．_鲸__
5．goods n．_商品；货物__
6．kangaroo n．_袋鼠__
7．dolphin n．_海豚__
8．neighbourhood n．_临近的地方；街区__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．illegal adj.不合法的；非法的→ _illegally__ adv.不合法地；非法地→ _legal__ adj.合法的；法律的→ _legally__ adv.合法地；在法律上
2．hunt vt.& vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕→ _hunter__ n．猎人
3．immediately adv.立刻→ _immediate__ adj.立即的；即刻的→ _immediately__ conj.一……就……
4．alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→ _alarm__ vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n．恐慌；警报；警报器
5．rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级→ _rating__ n．等级；级别
6．extinct adj.已灭绝的→ _extinction__ n．灭绝
7．habitat n．(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地→ _habitation__ n．居住；住处；住所；聚居地
8．aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的→ _awareness__ n．意识；认识；感悟能力
9．concern vt.涉及；让……担忧→ _concerned__ adj.担心的；关切的→ _concerning__ prep.关于；就……而言
10．living adj.居住的；活的；在用的 n．生活；生计→ _live__ v．居住；生存adj.活的；现场直播的→ _alive__ adj.活着的；在世的
11．adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合→ _adaptable__ adj.能适应的；可修改的→ _adaptation__ n．适应；改编；改写本
12.measure n．措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量→ _measurement__ n．测量；度量；(某物的)尺寸，长度，数量
13．pressure n．压力；要求→ _press__ vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻
14．observe vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守→ _observer__ n．观察者→ _observation__ n．观察；监视
15．beauty n．美；美人；美好的东西→ _beautiful__ adj.美丽的；漂亮的→ _beautifully__ adv.美丽地；漂亮地
16．remind vt.提醒；使想起→ _reminder__ n．引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
17．shoot vt.& vi.射杀；射伤；发射→ _shot__ n．射击；枪声
18．effective adj.有效的；生效的→ _effect__ n．效应；影响；结果
19．recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回→ _recovery__ n．恢复，复原；复得
20．remove vt.去除；移开；脱去→ _removal__ n．移植；解除；搬迁；免职
21．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→ _intention__ n．打算；目的；意图→ _intentional__ adj.故意的
22．threat n．威胁→ _threaten__ vt.威胁；危及
23．exist vi.存在；生存→ _existence__ n．存在→ _existing__ adj.现存的；存在的
24．harmony n．和谐；融洽→ _harmonious__ adj.融洽的；和谐的
25．reduce vt.减少→ _reduction__ n．减少；缩小
26．emotion n．感情；情感；情绪→ _emotional__ adj.感情的； 情感的； 情绪的
27．unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的→ _unusually__ adv.特别地；不寻常地→ _usual__ adj.通常的；寻常的→ _usually__ adv.通常地；经常地
1．(2020·江苏卷)Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at _an__ average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.
2．(2020·全国卷III)Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”， have drawn the anger of activists who say the _creatures__(creature) acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
3．(2021·全国新高考I卷) Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market _hunters__ (hunt)and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.
4．(2021·全国甲卷) Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and _immediately__ (immediate) noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
5．(2020·江苏卷)They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic(新陈代谢的) _rates__(rate) and took samples(样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
6．(2021·全国新高考I卷)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly _concerned__ (concern) nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
7．(2021·1月浙江卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people _living__ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
8．(2020·全国卷III)On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of _adaptation__(adapt)—not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
9．(2021·1月浙江卷)BMI is an internationally recognized _measurement__ (measure)tool that gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
10．(2020·天津卷)After years of _observing__(observe) human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent.
11．(2021·3月天津卷) I’m sure the visitors will be amazed by the _beautiful__ (beauty) scenery in Jiuzhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.
12．(2020·山东卷)Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.However, the majority of people are _effective__(effect) speakers because they train to be.Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
13.(2020·浙江卷)We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete _recovery__(recover)．
14．(2020·江苏卷)About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job _to remove__(remove) phone boxes from the streets and sell them out.
15．(2020·天津卷)“Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended herself.“I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength and that is what I intend _to do__(do)！”
16．(2020·江苏卷)After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe(敬畏) at the possibilities that _existed__(exist) in his world.
17．(2020·浙江卷)Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp _reduction__(reduce) in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
18．(2020·全国卷III)There are _usually__(usual) no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.
联想积累：
1．“-ure”结尾的高频名词小结
①pressure 压力
②pleasure　　　　 乐事；快乐
③exposure 　　　　 暴露；揭发
④failure　　　　 失败
⑤mixture　　　　 混合物
⑥signature　　　　 签名
2．“双胞胎”相似词一览
①adapt改编→adopt收养
②affect v．影响→effect n．影响
③angel天使→angle角度
④access接近→assess评估
⑤aboard在船上→abroad在国外
⑥expect期待→expert专家
3．动词加后缀“-ation”变名词聚会
①adapt→adaptation(适应；改编)
②determine→determination(决心)
③organize→organization(组织)
④celebrate→celebration(庆祝)
⑤translate→translation(翻译)
⑥motivate→motivation(动机)
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_on earth__(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．_die out__灭亡；逐渐消失
3．_aware of__意识到；知道
4．_make progress__取得进步
5．_on average__平均
6．_be concerned about__对……关切的；为……担忧的
7．_adapt to__适应
8．_under pressure__在压力下；承受压力
9．_make out__看清；听清；分清
10．_remind sb.of sb./sth.__使某人想起(类似的人或物)
11．_watch over__保护；照管；监督
12．_day and night__日日夜夜；夜以继日
13．_in danger of__处于……危险中
14．_take measures to do sth.__采取措施做某事
15．_in harmony with__与……协调/和谐
16．_due to__由于；因为
17．_search for__搜索；查找
18．_stir up__激起
1.(2021·1月浙江卷)Today, in Australia, most children _on average__ fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)—Why are scientists _concerned about__ nutria(海狸鼠)?
—Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
3．(2020·全国卷III)As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have _adapted to__ living at high altitudes.
4．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan _reminds__ me _of__ the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”．
5．(2021·1月浙江卷)Then he found a digital mapping program．He spent years _searching for__ his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures.
联想积累：
1．时“隐”时“现”
①die out　　 灭亡；逐渐消失
②disappear vi.　　　　 消失；失踪
③appear vi．　　　　 出现
④show up　　　　 出现
⑤turn up　　　　 出现；发生
2．“因为；由于……”荟萃
①due to　　　　 由于；因为
②because of　　　　 由于；因为
③owing to　　　　 由于；因为
④thinks to　　　　 多亏；由于
⑤on account of　　　　 由于
3．make短语面面观
①make up 组成；构成
②make it　　　　 取得成功
③make use of　　　　 使用；利用
④make a living　　　　 谋生
⑤make a difference　　　　 有影响
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．This is why...这就是……的原因
This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。(教材P16)
2．现在分词作状语
Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I’m struck by their beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。(教材P16)
3．as 引导的时间状语从句，意为“随着”
Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。(教材P16)
4．only倒装句型
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(教材P16)
5．When it comes to...当涉及……
When it comes to wildlife protection, all species—the good, the bad, and the ugly—should be treated equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的和丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。(教材P20)
1．(2021·全国乙卷) 他对自己开放式办公室里令人分心的程度感到恼火，他说，“这就是为什么我在街对面的共用办公空间有会员资格———这样我才能集中精力。”。
Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, _“That’s why__ I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”．
2．(2020·天津卷)我们提出送莎伦一程回家，但她拒绝了，说她想走路。
We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, _saying__ that she felt like walking.
3．(2021·3月天津卷) 随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。
As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
4．(2020·山东卷) 说到公开演讲，少则多。很少有人会说：“我真希望那个演讲者能说得久一点。”
_When it comes to__ public speaking, less is usually more.It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.”

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
教材原句
Our planet’s species is dying out at an alarming rate.(P14)
我们星球上的物种正以惊人的速度灭绝。
词块必记
(1)die of/from死于
die off相继死去；先后死去
die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die down 减弱；平息
(2) be dying for很想要；渴望
by dying to do sth.极想做某事
知识拓展
out表示“熄灭；消灭”等意义，再如put out熄灭(灯、火)；go out(灯、火)熄灭。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The concert in the open air came to an end at midnight and the fire died _down__.
②You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return，which is exactly what I am _dying__(die) for.
③Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying _out__ because of human activities.
句式/词汇升级
④As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.
→_With the living environment becoming worse and worse__， many species are gradually _dying out__.
2．aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
教材原句
We must make people aware of the problem and help protect the endangered wildlife before it’s too late！(P14)
我们必须让人们意识到这个问题，并帮助保护濒临灭绝的野生动物，以免为时已晚！
词块必记
(1)be aware that...知道，体会到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
make sb. aware of/that...使某人意识到
(2)awareness n．认识，意识
raise one’s awareness about/of提高某人对……的认识
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my _awareness__ (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to make more new friends.
②Some activities should be carried out to make people aware _of__ the importance of donating blood.
③It is important that children develop _an__awareness of valuing parents’ love.
④As a member of society, I’m aware _that__ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
完成句子
⑤总之，全世界的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。
In conclusion, people around the world should be _aware of__ the real situation of water shortage.
3．concern vt.涉及；让……担忧n.担忧；关心；与……相关
教材原句
I’m concerned about the African elephants.(P15)
我很担心非洲大象。
词块必记
(1)show/express one’s concern about/for对……表示关心/担心
(2)concerned adj.担心的；关切的
be concerned about/for对……关切的；为……担忧的
be concerned with与……有关
as/so far as...be concerned就……而言
(3)concerning prep.关于
名师点津
形容词concerned作前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；作后置定语时，意为“相关的，有关的”。例如：a concerned look意为“关切的神情”； the authorities concerned意为“有关当局”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I bought a number of journals _concerned__(concern) with my subject.
②All cases _concerning__(concern) children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
③As far as I’m _concerned__ (concern)，you can’t ignore the fact that she is deeply concerned about your safety.
④I use mobile payment a lot，but I am quite concerned _about/for__my privacy.
4．adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合
教材原句
Elephants need large living spaces，so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes.(P15)
大象需要巨大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应这些变化。
词块必记
(1)adapt...to...使……适应或适合……
adapt (oneself) to 使(自己)适应或者习惯于……
adapt...from...根据……改写(改编)……
adapt...for...改编/改作……之用
(2)adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
(3)adaptation n．适应；改编；改写本
知识拓展
adapt
表示“修改或改变以适应新条件”
adjust
表示“调整，调节，使适应(一般与to连用)”
adopt
表示“采取；采用；收养”，拼写与adapt相近
即学即用
①The television _adaptation__(adapt) of the stage play was very successful.
②It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt _to__ the college life as soon as possible.
③Most of these tools have been specially adapted _for__use by disabled people.
④They have had to adapt _themselves__ (them) to a war economy.
⑤I have the greatest respect for and faith in the creative team _adapting__(adapt) The Three-Body Problem for television audiences.
5．measure n．措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
教材原句
What measures are being taken to help them? (P15)
正在采取什么措施帮助它们？
词块必记
(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……
be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make sth.to sb.’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物
知识拓展
“采取措施做某事”种种表达：
take measures to do sth.
take steps to do sth.
take action to do sth.
名师点津
measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
6．make out看清；听清；分清；辨认清楚；声称
教材原句
On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals.(P16)
放眼平原，我们隐约看到一群体型优美的动物。
词块必记
make for朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make up for弥补，补偿
make it及时到达；取得成功
make up one’s mind下定决心
make room for为……腾地方
make good/full use of好好/充分利用
be made up of由……组成
make sense有意义，讲得通
make up编造；虚构；组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；和好；整理；占据
即学即用
用make的相关短语填空
①Without my glasses, I couldn’t _make out__ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.
②In some languages, 100 words _make up__ half of all words used in daily conversations.
③He determined to work twice as hard as before to _make up for__ the lost time.
④According to a report, the committee _is made up of__ 12 members.
7．observe vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守；庆祝；注意到
教材原句
This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16)
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
词块必记
(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
observe that...观察……
(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节
(3)observation n．[C，U]观察；观测
observer n．[C]观察者；观测者
名师点津
observe 后跟不带to的不定式或v.-ing作宾语补足语，即observe sb. do/doing sth.，不能说observe sb. to do sth.。但在被动语态中必须带 to，即 sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed the sun _rising__(rise) from the sea.
②Last night Bruce was observed _to leave__(leave) the building with two young men and take a taxi away.
③_Observation__(observe) is an important scientific researching method.
写出下列句中observe的含义
④Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed．_遵守__
⑤It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival．_庆祝__
⑥The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behaviour of the chimps．_观察__
⑦The thief was observed to open the window and run away．_注意__
8．remind vt.提醒；使想起
教材原句
I’m also reminded of the danger they are.(P16)
我也被提醒它们所处的危险。
词块必记
(1)remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that 提醒某人……
(2)reminder n．提示信，通知单；提醒人的事物
名师点津
remind后不能接双宾语，不能说remind sb. sth.。
知识拓展
“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”形式的固定搭配还有：
cure sb.of sth.治愈某人某病；改正某人的不良习惯
accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
rob sb. of sth.夺走某人某物
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I love this part because it reminds me _of__ why I fell in love with Pirates of the Caribbean in the first place.
②Passengers _are reminded__(remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
③We put up a board to remind people _to protect__(protect) the trees.
④However, her dad reminded her _that__ sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
完成句子
⑤鲁迅在他的桌子上刻了一个“早”字来提醒他自己早起。
Lu Xun reminded himself _to get up__ early by inscribing the character “zao” on his desk.
9．recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回
教材原句
The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.(P16)
羚羊数量已经恢复，并且在2015年6月，藏羚羊从濒危物种的名单中被移除。
词块必记
(1)recover from 从……中恢复
recover oneself 镇定下来
(2)recovery n．恢复；复苏；痊愈
make a recovery from 从……中恢复
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Is there any possibility that she will make a full _recovery__(recover)?
②The player is under good treatment and he will recover _from__ his injury before long.
③This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, _recovering__ (recover) from a bad case of sunburn.
一句多译
尽管他在车祸中严重受伤，但他最后终于康复了。
④Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident，he finally _recovered from__ it.(recover)
⑤Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally _made a recovery__ from it.(recovery)
10．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
教材原句
The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.(P16)
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
词块必记
(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth. 本来打算做某事
(2)be intended to do sth./for sth. 专门为……；专门给……
(3)intention n．打算
with an/the intention of...抱有……的目的；打算……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The school being built at present is said to be intended _for__ the disabled children.
②This program was set up with an _intention__ (intend) of providing help to homeless people.
③We _had intended__ (intend) to go to the concert, but the heavy rain prevented us from going.
④I intended _to take/taking__ (take) up a part-time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened.
句式升级
⑤The programme, which was intended to help the homeless, was set up.
→The programme, _intended to help__ the homeless, was set up.(分词作定语)
11．exist vi.存在；生存
教材原句
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(P16)
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
词块必记
(1)exist in存在于……之中
exist on＝live on靠……生存；靠……生活
There exist(s)...有/存在……
(2)existence n．存在；生存；生活
in existence现存的；存在的
come into existence/being产生；存在
名师点津
exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As is known to us, there _exists__(exist) a generation gap between the young and the old.
②Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into _existence__(exist)．
③Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist _in__ his mind.
④The old lady became seriously ill last week; she has only existed _on__ milk ever since.
12．due to由于；因为
教材原句
It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are being reduced due to the cutting of trees.(P18)
据报道，由于砍伐树木野生动物的生存空间正在减少。
词块必记
due adj.到期的；预期的；应支付；应给予
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
(be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
(be) due to sth. 由于/因为某事
即学即用
完成句子
①由于天气不好运动会推迟了。
The sports meeting was put off _due to__the bad weather.
②下一班火车预计在五分钟后抵达。
The next train _is due__ in five minutes.
③中国女排的成功归功于全体队员的努力。
The Chinese Women Volleyball Team’s success is _due to__ all the members’ efforts.
13．search for搜索；查找
教材原句
They got up early so as to search for wild birds.(P19)
他们早起是为了寻找野鸟。
词块必记
(1)search sth./sb.搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for 寻找
search...for...为找到……而搜查……
(2)make a search for 寻找
in search of 寻找
in one’s search for寻找
名师点津
in search of “寻找；搜寻”，在句中常作表语或目的状语。名词search前不加限定词；若search前加a/the/one’s等限定词时，of一般换成for。
易混辨析
search 与 search for
search sth./sb.是指搜查某个地方或搜某人的身；search for sb./sth.指寻找某人/某物。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He searched the boy _for__ the lost pen.
②A team of hunters were sent _in__ search of the strange creature.
③Scientists are still searching _for__ a clue to the cold.
一句多译
④听到消息后，我们都出去寻找这个失踪的男孩了。
Hearing the news, we all went out _in search of__ the lost boy.(search n．)
Hearing the news, we all went out _to search for__ the lost boy.(search v．)
典型句式精析
1．This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因
教材原句
This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes．(P16)
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
考点必记
(1)This is why...这就是……的原因。(强调结果)
(2)This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……。because引导表语从句，表示原因。
(3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……。why引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因，此处that一般不可换为because。
(4)The reason for...is that...……的原因是……。that引导表语从句，表示原因，此处that一般不可换为because。
(5)The reason that/which...is that...……的原因是……。that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语；第二个that引导表语从句，表示原因。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He didn’t attend the meeting last night.That’s _why__ he doesn’t know our plan for the picnic.
②The reason _why__ you got into a panic(恐慌) was _that__ you hadn’t been well prepared for what’s going to happen.
③The reason _for__ his being angry was _that__ his students were rude to him.
完成句子
④众所周知，他诚实。那就是我一直信任他的原因。
As is known to all, he is honest． _That’s why__ I believe in him all the time.
⑤那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
Maybe _it is because__ we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
⑥他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。
_The reason why__ he has had such a success is that he never gives up.
2．only...＋部分倒装
教材原句
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(P16)
只有学会和大自然和谐相处时，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
考点必记
(1)only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词 be＋主语＋其他。
(2)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
(3)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
即学即用
单句语法填空
Only after I had read the poem a second time _did__ (do) I make sense of it.
完成句子
②只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我多么爱他们。
Only when I left my parents for Italy _did I realize__ how much I loved them.
③只有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。
Only a few of the children _haven’t got__ the chance of being educated.
句式升级
④You can behave properly only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners.
→Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners _can you behave__ properly.(升级为only位于句首的倒装句)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The supplies were transported to the local people _immediately__(immediate) the earthquake happened.
2．On first seeing the city, most visitors were overpowered by the _beauty__(beautiful) of the noble buildings.
3．Many people travel to the country on tourist visas, then stay and work there _illegally__ (illegal)．
4．Electricity demand of our increasingly digital economies is growing at an _alarming__(alarm) rate.
5．I think we should also take _effective__(effect) measures to make our country more beautiful.
6．The government has taken a series of measures to protect wild animals from _extinction__ (extinct)．
7．We sincerely hope they can play a key role in protecting the _endangered__ (endanger) species being harmed.
8．As the economy develops, the _living__ (live) conditions of the people have been improved accordingly．
9．He slowed the bleeding by applying _pressure__(press) to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived．
10．The experiment has ruled out the possibility of the _existence__ (exist) of any life on that planet.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。(why; promote)
She is always the first person to go to the office and the last to leave, which I guess is _why she is promoted so quickly__.
2．随着时间的推移，我更加重视我现在所做的了。(as; go by)
_As time goes by__，I attach more great significance to doing what I am doing now.
3．就我个人而言，不花太多的时间玩智能手机是明智的。(concern)
_As/So far as I’m concerned__，it’s wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
4．它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。(measure)
The number of them is less than 1,000, so I hope _you can take some effective measures to protect them__.
5．当谈及修理电脑时，我一无所知。(when it comes to)
_When it comes to repairing computers__，I know nothing.
6．救援人员徒手移开砖块和石头，搜寻地震中的幸存者。(search)
The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands _in search of/in their search for/to search for__ any survivor in the earthquake.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I went to the Changtang National Nature Reserve to observe Tibetan antelopes, which live on the 1．_plains__(plain) of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.2．_Watching__(watch) them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty.However, they are being hunted 3．_illegally__(illegal), for their valuable fur.The reserve is 4．_a__ shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.
The 1980s and 1990s were hard times for the Tibetan antelope.The population 5．_dropped__(drop) by more than 50 percent.In order to save this species from 6．_extinction__(extinct), the Chinese government 7．_placed__(place) it under national protection.The measures were effective.The antelope population has recovered.The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes，8．_since/for__ the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
Much is being done 9．_to protect__(protect) wildlife.Only when we learn to exist in harmony 10．_with__ nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，请你根据以下提示完成一封投诉信，反映非法捕猎海洋生物的现象。
1．非法捕猎越来越严重；
2．由于在全世界鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的对象，五年来它的数目在急剧减少；
3．我们曾经毁掉森林，带来了干旱和洪水；如果不能阻止非法捕猎海洋生物，我们将失掉家园。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am writing to complain that 1．_the illegal hunt for ocean creatures__(非法捕猎海洋生物)is becoming from bad to worse．As a result，the past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease of the whale because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.
The balance of nature destroyed，we will suffer a lot．There was a time when we 2．_were not aware of the importance of plants__(没有意识到植物的重要性)，and then drought and flood went hand in hand.If we did not stop the illegal hunt in the ocean, we would lose our home.
We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and 3．_take effective measures__ (采取有效措施) to protect ocean creatures.
Yours，
Li Hua
UNIT 3　THE INTERNET
(主题语境：人与自然——互联网)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_chat__ vi.聊天；闲聊
2．_cash__ n．现金；金钱
3．_tough__ adj.艰难的；严厉的
4．_province__ n．省
5．_conference__ n．会议；研讨会；正式会谈
6．_function__ n．功能；作用；机能 vi.起作用；正常工作；运转
7．_button__ n．按钮；纽扣
8．_file__ n．文件；文件夹；档案
9．_discount__ n．折扣 vt.打折
10．_account__ n．账户；描述
11．_click__ vt.& vi.点击
12．_target__ n．目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标
13．_upset__ adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
14．_tip__ n．忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
15．_familiar__ adj.熟悉；熟知
16．_case__ n．盒；箱；情况；案件
17．_author__ n．作者；作家
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．stream vt．_流播(不用下载直接在互联网上播放影音视频)；流出__vi．_流动__n．_小河；溪流__
2．update vt．_更新；向……提供最新信息__ n．_更新；最新消息__
3．database n．_数据库；资料库__
4．network n．_(互联)网络；网状系统；人际网__vt．_将……连接成网络；联播__vi．_建立工作关系__
5．charity n．_慈善；慈善机构(或组织)__
6．plus conj．_而且；此外__n．_加号；优势__ prep．_加；另加__
7．resident n．_居民；(美国的)住院医生__ adj．_(在某地)居住的__
8．battery n．_电池__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．blog n．博客 vi.写博客→ _blogger__ n．博客作者；博主
2．engine n．引擎；发动机；火车头→ _engineer__ n．工程师
3．identity n．身份；个性→ _identical__ adj.相同的，一样的→ _identify__ vt.确定；辨别→ _identification__ n．身份证明
4．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→ _convenience__ n．方便；便利
5．software n．软件→ _hardware__ n．硬件
6．stuck adj.卡住；陷(入)；困(于) → _stick__ v．刺；插入；粘贴n.枝条；棍状物
7．surf vt.& vi.浏览；冲浪→ _surfing__ n．冲浪运动；(互联网上) 冲浪，漫游，浏览
8．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→ _beneficial__ adj.有益的，有用的
9．distance n．距离→ _distant__ adj.遥远的
10．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→ _inspiration__ n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→ _inspiring__ adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
11．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→ _accessible__ adj.可利用的，可获得的
12．confirm vt.确认；使确信→ _confirmation__ n．证实；证明；确定；证明书
13．press vt.按，压；敦促→ _pressure__ n．压力
14．theft n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→ _thief__ n．贼；小偷；窃贼
15．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→ _rudeness__ n．粗鲁；无礼
16．false adj.假的；错误的→ _true__ adj.真的；正确的
17．particular adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的→ _particularly__ adv.特别；尤其
18．embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→ _embarrassed__ adj.尴尬的；难堪的→ _embarrass__ vt.使尴尬；使难堪→ _embarrassment__ n．尴尬
19．guideline n．准则；指导原则→ _guide__ n．指南；手册；导游v.指导；指导
1．(2020·全国卷II)An easy way to bring all work generations together is with _a__ chat platform.
2．(2020·山东卷) Watering young plants in the dry season was tough _for__ a lone boy.Molai built at the top of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
3．(2020·江苏卷)Most _provinces__(province) and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level.
4．(2020·江苏卷)Feb 24：The WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 held _a__ press conference in Beijing.
5．(2020·全国卷I)Lighting accounts _for__ about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
6．(2019·江苏卷)The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should take people’s essential needs _into__ account.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Who were the newspapers of the new trend _targeted__(target) at?
8．(2020·天津卷)Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without _upsetting__(upset) the boy or his parents.
9．(2020·江苏卷)In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true.But not all senses of humor are created equal.So I thought it would be useful to include some humor _tips__(tip) for everyday life.
10．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Popularization has in some _cases__ (case) changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
11．(2020·天津卷)In the past, sound _engineers__(engineer) worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
12．(2021·全国乙卷) Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it _convenient__ (convenience)to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.
13．(2020·山东卷) And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats _stuck__(stick) miles from the sea.
14．(2021·全国新高考I卷)It offers beautiful furnishings and beds．There are plenty of other _benefits__ (benefit), too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
15．(2020·浙江卷)Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe _distance__(distant)．
16．(2021·3月天津卷) The project _was inspired__ (inspire)by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia(麻醉)．
17．(2020·全国卷I)The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual _functions__(function)．
18．(2020·全国卷II)The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official _confirmed__(confirm) that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
19．(2021·1月浙江卷) Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay．But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets _particularly__(particular) busy.
联想积累：
1．“金融”术语
①budget n．预算
②account n．账目；账户
③capital n．资金；资本
④withdraw vt．提取
⑤cheque n．支票
⑥interest n．利息
⑦finance n．财政；金融
2．以字母e结尾的形容词直接加ly变副词荟萃
①rude→ rudely
②polite→politely
③wide→ widely
④fortunate→fortunately
⑤entire→entirely
⑥extreme→extremely
3．“互联网”家族
①download vt．下载
②click vt．点击
③connect vt．连接
④surf vi．&．vt．浏览；(互联网上)冲浪
⑤network n．网络
⑥database n．数据库；资料库
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_blog post__博文；博客帖子
2．_search engine__(互联网上的)搜索引擎
3．_identity card__身份证
4．_keep sb. company__陪伴某人
5．_now that__既然；由于
6．_go through__经历；度过；通读
7．_be interested in__对……感兴趣
8．_look up__(在书中)查找；(形势)好转；探访(某人)
9．_no longer__不再
10．_out of work__失业
11．_pay for__买……；为……交款；为……付出代价
12．_together with__和……一起
13．_make sure__确定，肯定
14．_raise money for__为……筹集资金
15．_get in shape__保持体形
16．_keep track of__掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
17．_make fun of__取笑；戏弄
18．_keep in mind__牢记
19．_add...to...__把……加到……上
20．_be mean to__对……刻薄/小气
1．(2021·浙江卷)Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to _pay for__ her groceries, she was shot about three dollars.
2．(2019·全国卷II) That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.Now, we have our smartphones to _keep us company__ at the table.
3．(2019·全国卷I)This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers _go through__ five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.
4．(2021·全国乙卷)Several years ago, when my grandparents were well into their 80s, they were _no longer__ able to care for themselves very well.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition to watch, _together with__ the story behind it.
6．(2019·全国卷II) Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, _keeping in mind__ your beliefs, values and strengths.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will _add__ color and fun _to__ our festival.
联想积累：
1．“动词＋for”高频短语聚焦
①account for 解释；占(比例)
②apply for　　　　 申请
③call for　　　　 要求；需要
④care for 　　　　 喜欢
⑤leave for　　　　 出发去
⑥arrange for 　　　　 安排
⑦hope for 　　　　 希望
2．“取笑与愚弄”面面观
①tease 　　　　 取笑；戏弄
②laugh at　　　　 嘲笑
③play the fool with 　　　　 愚弄
④make fun of　　　　 取笑
⑤make a fool/joke of 　　　　 愚弄
⑥play a trick/joke on　　　　 捉弄
⑦play jokes/tricks on　　　　 戏弄
3．go短语大集合
①go on　　　　　　 继续；进行
②go out 　　　　 外出；与……交往
③go up　　　　 (价格、数量)上涨，上升
④go back　　　　 追溯到
⑤go by　　　　 (时间)流逝
⑥go shopping　　　　 购物
⑦go over　　　　 仔细检查；认真讨论
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．现在分词短语作后置定语
There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。(教材P28)
2．find的复合宾语结构
At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。(教材P28)
3．so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。(教材P28)
4．now that既然；由于
Now that he works and can take care of himself, his daughter has time to study at university.
既然他能工作也能照顾自己，他的女儿就有时间在大学学习了。(教材P28)
5．“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……就越……”
However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。(教材P32)
1．(2021·3月天津卷) Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。
The poignancy of Jordan _retiring from__ his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise.
2．(2020·天津卷)他站起身来，热情地握着温妮的手：“听说你是个有才华的年轻女子，我也发现你既迷人又聪明。我不能立即做出决定，但你很快就会收到我的信。”
He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman, and I _have found you charming and intelligent as well__.I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”
3．(2021·全国乙卷) 我一看到楼下那么多人，我的心跳就加快了，一句话也说不出来。
As soon as I saw the crowd of people down there, my heart beat _so fast that__ I was unable to say a single word．
4．(2020·全国卷I)既然你列出了你的优点，列出你的缺点。翻开你的日记，把为什么你觉得自己不值得、为什么你感觉不够好的语言表达写进去。
_Now that__ you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough.
5．(2021·全国甲卷)我们看得越多，就越会发现社会因素，比如性别、种族和阶级，并不能决定天才的外貌。
And _the more__ we look, _the more__ we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius．

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
教材原句
There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.(P28)
无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更加便利。
词块必记
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是方便的
when it be convenient for/to sb.某人方便的时候
(2)convenience n．方便；便利
for convenience 为了方便
at one’s convenience在某人方便时
for the convenience of sb.为了某人方便
(3)inconvenience n．不便
(4)inconvenient adj.不方便的
名师点津
(1)convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，且在It is convenient for sb. to do sth.结构中介词for不能用介词of代替。
(2)convenience意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；意为“便利的事物或设施”时，为可数名词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Most of us like the _convenience__ (convenient) of using credit cards to buy things because it is convenient to carry.
②It is quite convenient _to shop__ (shop) online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.
③For the _convenience__(convenient) of all guests, visits are limited to 10 minutes.
完成句子
④互联网使得我们相互联系方便了。
The Internet _makes it convenient__for us to get in touch with each other.
⑤请你在方便的时候尽早送货。
Please deliver the goods _at your earliest convenience__.
2．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
教材原句
She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.(P28)
她意识到互联网最大的好处之一就是它能够消除通常存在于人与人之间的距离感。
词块必记
(1)be of (great) benefit to有益于；对……(很)有益
for the benefit of sb.＝for one’s benefit为了某人的利益
(2)benefit sb./sth. 使某人/某物受益
benefit from/by...从……中获益
(3)beneficial adj.有益的；有利的
be beneficial to...对……有益
名师点津
benefit一般为不可数名词，但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词，可用复数形式。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①A large number of students will benefit _from/by__ the new teaching method.
②It was _for__ the benefit of your company that we did that.
③Although a sudden change can be a bad thing, it might often be _beneficial__ (benefit) in the long run.
一句多译
了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。
④Having a good knowledge of table manners of China _will benefit you greatly__.(benefit vt.)
⑤Having a good knowledge of table manners of China _will be of great benefit to you__.(benefit n．)
⑥Having a good knowledge of table manners of China _will be very beneficial to you__.(beneficial adj.)
3．distance n．距离
教材原句
She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.(P28)
她意识到互联网最大的好处之一就是它能够消除常常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
词块必记
(1)in the distance在远处；在远方(距离很远)
at/from a distance稍远处；隔一段距离(不是很远)
at a distance of...在距……的地方
keep one’s distance from sb.＝keep sb. at a distance与某人保持距离/疏远
(2)distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的
be distant from...离……远
即学即用
单句语法填空
① _What__ is the distance between your house and your school?
②We spotted them waving to us _at__ a distance of 100 metres.
③There are lots of restaurants _within__walking distance.
④_In__ the distance is a tall tree which is said to have a history of over 500 years.
完成句子
⑤我去火车站送她。当我看到火车在远处消失时，我的心都碎了。
I saw her off at the railway station．When I saw the train fade away _in the distance__，I felt heartbroken.
4．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考
教材原句
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.(P28)
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
词块必记
(1)inspire
(2)inspiration n．激励；灵感；鼓舞；启示
inspired adj．得到灵感的；受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj．激励人心的；启发灵感的；令人鼓舞的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①His speech was so _inspiring__(inspire) that his students were inspired _to study__(study) harder than ever before.
② _Inspired__(inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad.
③Come on! Let’s give support and _inspiration__(inspire) to each other.
④The rule to offer free training to young college students seems _inspiring__(inspire)．
一句多译
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
⑤His encouraging remarks _inspired confidence in__ me.
→His encouraging remarks _inspired me with__ confidence.
5．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取
教材原句
She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.(P28)
她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术是非常重要的。
词块必记
(1)have/get/gain(no) access to 有(没有)……的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近
(2)accessible adj．可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
(3)be accessible to 可接近；可靠近；可使用
即学即用
单句语法填空
①For one thing, with almost all of us having access _to__ the Internet and other media sources, such news is within our easy reach.
②All roads were blocked and the only access _to__ the earthquake-stricken areas was by water.
③Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more _accessible__(access), and preserve its history and culture.
一句多译
④互联网是世界上最大的信息资源库，只要通过一台电脑就可以访问。
The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and you can _have access to__ it through a computer.(access)
The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it _is accessible__ through a computer.(accessible)
6．go through经历；度过；通读；穿过；完成；通过；用完；搜查
教材原句
“When you go through tough times，you meet others who are facing similar challenges，” Jan says.(P28)
简说：“当你艰难度日时，你会遇到面临同样挑战的人。”
词块必记
go by过去；流逝
go on(with)发生；继续下去
go against不利于；违背；反对
go up上升；上涨
go over复习；重温；仔细检查
go out熄灭；过时；出去
go in for从事/喜欢
即学即用
写出下列句子中go through的含义
①She went through some really difficult times and I feel like we are what we are because of her bravery．_度过__
②All the hardships they have gone through together made their relationship closer．_经历__
③As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people had a different experience．_浏览__
④The plan went through，which made us all happy．_通过__
⑤I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang._完成__
7．account n．账户；描述
教材原句
Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account.(P31)
劳拉需要一个能把钱添加到银行账户的应用程序。
词块必记
(1)account for是……的原因；解释；导致；占……(比例)
(2)on account of由于，因为
take account of＝take...into account/consideration考虑……
on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
give an account of描述
即学即用
单句语法填空
①According to Lee, it was Ben’s carelessness that accounted _for__ the accident.
②I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions _into__ account.
③_On__ no account must employees make personal telephone calls from the office.
完成句子
④身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%.
Body language _accounts for__ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
8．upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的vt．(upset，upset)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
教材原句
It seemed like a joke at first，but the girl was very upset.(P32)
一开始似乎是一个笑话，但那个女孩很沮丧。
词块必记
(1)be upset about/by...为……烦心/难过
be upset that...……让人不安
(2)It upsets sb. to do sth.做某事让某人感到心烦意乱
It upsets sb. that...让某人心烦的是……
(3)upsetting adj.令人不快(忧虑、苦恼)的
名师点津
(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset，其现在分词形式为upsetting。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①They were very _upset__ (upset) that their children hadn’t given them any reply to their letter.
②You might be too upset _to think__ (think) straight，or you might not have all the information you need to address the problem.
③What made him _upset__ (upset) was that he didn’t pass the exam.
句式升级
④I don’t know enough words and my grammar is also poor，which upsets me.
→_It upsets me that__ I don’t know enough words and my grammar is also poor．(it作形式主语)
9．familiar adj.熟悉；熟知
教材原句
Use a website you are familiar with.(P33)
使用你熟悉的网站。
词块必记
(1)be/get familiar with 熟悉……；与……熟悉起来
be familiar to 为……所熟悉
(2)unfamiliar adj．不熟悉的
名师点津
be familiar with其主语通常是指人的名词；be familiar to其主语通常是人们所知晓的事物。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As a result, you can master the Chinese language and be familiar _with__ the Chinese culture.
②Charity work，which is still at an early stage in China，is unfamiliar _to__ them.
一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一方面，我很熟悉中国画，因为我的父亲是一位中国画家。
③For one thing，I _am quite familiar with Chinese painting__，for my father is a Chinese painter.
④For one thing, Chinese painting _is quite familiar to me__，for my father is a Chinese painter.
10．keep(...) in mind牢记
教材原句
Tell the reader what they should do or keep in mind.(P33)
告诉读者他们应该做或记住的事情。
词块必记
change one’s mind改变主意
make up one’s mind下决心；决定
read one’s mind看出某人的心思
bear...in mind牢记，放在心上
fix one’s mind on/upon把注意力集中在……
名师点津
使用make up one’s mind时，如果主语是复数，mind也要用复数形式。
即学即用
用mind的相关短语填空
①After a heated discussion，we _made up our minds__ to record our experiences at school.
②The most important thing to _keep in mind__ when dealing with an emergency is to keep calm.
③Although he is very stubborn, I have determined to persuade him to _change his mind__.
11．case n．盒；箱；情况；案件
教材原句
This case has two functions．It’s my wallet and my mobile phone case.(P34)
这个盒子有两种功能。它是我的钱夹和手机套。
词块必记
in case假使；以防万一
in case of 假如发生；万一发生
in any case无论如何
in no case决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
in this/that case假使这样/那样的话
as is often the case这是常有的事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①_In__ that case，ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.
②I’ll be out for some time．_In__ case anything important happens，call me up immediately.
③_As__ is often the case with other old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
句式升级
④We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.
→In no case _should we do__ anything that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句)
典型句式精析
1．so...that...的用法
教材原句
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet．(P28)
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们如何使用电脑和互联网。
考点必记
(1)so＋＋that
(2)such＋＋that
名师点津
在so...that...和such...that...引导的结果状语从句中，so，such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要部分倒装。
即学即用
完成句子
①她友好又耐心，并且她的英语语法解释得如此清楚，以至于连我都能明白！
She’s kind and patient, and she explains English grammar _so clearly that__ even I can understand it!
②这个夏天这里的雨水那么少以至于我们不得不给菜园浇水。
There is _so little rain__this summer here that we have to water the vegetable garden.
③这个厨房很小，我不必太费劲就可以保持它的清洁。
It’s _such a little kitchen__ that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
句式升级
This is such an interesting book that all the students in our class want to read it.
→This is _so interesting__ a book that all the students in our class want to read it.
2．now that 既然；由于
教材原句
Now that he works and can take care of himself，his daughter has time to study at university.(P28)
由于他工作了并能照顾自己了，他的女儿有时间在大学学习了。
考点必记
now that在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
易混辨析
because
语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后
since
语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由
as
语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前
for
是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由
now that
同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实
即学即用
完成句子
①既然我无事可做，我就可以享受一会儿音乐了。
_Now that__ I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while.
②因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
We couldn’t go out _because it was too cold__.
③既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。
_Since you can’t__ answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
④一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在唱歌。
It must be morning _for__ the birds are singing.
⑤鉴于他没有回复，我们又给他写了封信。
_As there was no answer__，we wrote him again.

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest _convenience__ (convenient) to Ms Chen.
2．The owner of the shop insisted on payment _in__ cash on delivery without allowing any discount.
3．Since he _was stuck__ (stick) in a lift half a year ago he hasn’t dared to get back into one.
4．Many kids are addicted to _surfing__ (surf) the Internet, so they have lost interest in study.
5．We should eat more fruit and vegetables，which can be _beneficial__ (benefit) to their health.
6．Regardless of the weather or the _distance__(distant), Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
7．I was extremely _inspired__(inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded.
8．The number of the people，who have access _to__ their own cars，has risen sharply in the past decade.
9．This app keeps us _updated__(update) on all information which we are interested in.
10．My most _embarrassing__(embarrass) moment was trying to introduce a lady whose name escaped me.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．你方便今天下午来吗？(convenient)
Will it _be convenient for you__ to come this afternoon?
2．既然你想提高英语口语，你就应该每天说英语。(now that)
_Now that you want to improve__ your oral English, you should speak English every day.
3．在这儿生活，我们去商店或学校很方便。(access)
Living here, we can _have easy access to__ shops and schools.
4．既然你熟悉作者的观点，试着尽可能快地读完所有章节。(familiar)
Now that you _are familiar with__ the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.
5．他说得太快了，我跟不上他。(so...that)
He spoke _so fast that__ I couldn’t follow him.
6．你越努力工作，你获得的就会越多。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
_The harder you work__，the more you will achieve.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the Internet 1．_making__(make) our lives more convenient, we no longer have to wait in line or carry cash 2．_around__ when shopping.In addition to being able to get the most 3．_updated__(update) information from large databases, we can also download software, documents, and images whenever we need 4．_them__(they)．More than these mentioned above, online communities and social networks have changed people’s lives as well.
Jan Tchamani, an English teacher in Birmingham, UK, is one of the 5．_examples__(example)．Having developed 6．_a__ serious illness, she had to quit her job, which made her out of work at age 50, and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 7．_Fortunately__(fortunate), she could do many things on the Internet, such as listening to music, watching films, playing games, exploring the world and so on，8．_which__ helped her feel less lonely and bored.Inspired by the people she met online, she 9．_started__(start) an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.She herself has also started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society 10．_better__(good)．And her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
请根据以下要点以“Shopping online safely”为题写一篇关于如何安全地网上购物的帖子并发表在你的博客上。
1．挑选你熟悉的购物网站；2．使用较为复杂的密码；3．勿使用公共电脑购物……
Shopping online safely
At present, online shopping is getting 1．_more and more convenient__(越来越方便)．When it comes to shopping online safety, I’m sure that I know one thing or two.My net age is 10 years.Here are some tips for you.
First，use the shopping websites you 2．_are familiar with__(对……熟悉)．Download familiar app or software like taobao．Second，when registering a shopping website, use a strong password and keep it well．Third, never use public computers to shop online, or 3．_your privacy will be recorded in the computers__ (你的隐私将记录在电脑内)．Last，install a firewall 4．_to watch over your information__(监视您的信息)．A firewall is a kind of software to protect your using Internet.
Have you any good tips about shopping online safely? Your ideas are welcomed below!
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
(主题语境：人与社会—历史与传统)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_kingdom__ n．王国；领域
2．_nearby__ adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
3．_battle__ n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
4．_charge__ n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
5．_amount__ n．金额；数量
6．_port__ n．港口(城市)
7．_approach__ n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
8．_ensure__ vt.保证；确保；担保
9．_position__ n．位置；姿态；职位
10．_roll__ vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
11．_cattle__ n．牛
12．_ocean__ n．大海；海洋
13．_pub__ n．酒吧；酒馆
14．_wine__ n．葡萄酒；果酒
15．_beer__ n．(一杯)啤酒
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．philosophy n．_哲学__
2．heel n．_足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟__
3．military adj．_军事的；军用的__
4．currency n．_通货；货币__
5．fascinating adj．_极有吸引力的；迷人的__
6．gallery n．_(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊__
7．landscape n．_(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景__
8．butter n．_黄油；奶油__ vt．_涂黄油于__
9．honey n．_蜂蜜__
10．ancestor n．_祖宗；祖先__
11．snack n．_点心；小吃__
12．county n．_(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人→ _individually__ adv.分别地； 单独地；个别地
2．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长→ _chiefly__ adv.主要地； 首要地
3．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→ _puzzled__ adj.迷惑的→ _puzzling__ adj.令人迷惑的
4．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→ _belongings__ n．财产，所有物；行李
5．defence n．防御；保卫→ _defend__ vt.防护；防卫
6．legal adj.法律的；合法的→ _legally__ adv.合法地→ _illegally__ adv.违法地；非法地→ _illegal__ adj.非法的
7．surround vt.围绕；包围→ _surrounding__ adj.周围的→ _surroundings__ n．环境
8．evidence n．证据；证明→ _evident__ adj.明显的
9．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→ _achieve__ vt.完成；达到
10．location n．地方；地点；位置→ _located__ adj.位于→ _locate__ vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居
11．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→ _announcement__ n．声明；宣告→ _announcer__ n．广播员，告知者
12．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→ _generously__ adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地→ _generosity__ n．慷慨
13．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→ _eagerness__ n．热切；渴望→ _eagerly__ adv.热心地；热切地
14．poet n．诗人→ _poem__ n．诗；韵文→ _poetry__ n．诗歌
15．greet vt.问候；迎接→ _greeting__ n．迎接；问候；招呼
16．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯→ _customer__ n．顾客→ _customs__ n．海关；关税
17．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→ _crowded__ adj.拥挤的
1．(2020·全国卷II)There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder _battled__(battle) until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
2．(2021·3月天津卷) The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount _of__ medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.
3．(2020·浙江卷)I couldn’t see Don, but as I _approached__(approach) the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.
4．(2021·3月天津卷)_Fascinated__ (fascinate) by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷)About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that _ensures__ (ensure) this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
6．(2020·山东卷)In the first, 95 undergraduate women were _individually__(individual) invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership.
7．(2021·3月天津卷)What _puzzles__ (puzzle) Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
8．(2020·浙江卷)Terrified，Elli and I tried all the bear _defence__(defend) actions we knew.We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.
9．(2020·浙江卷)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which _was surrounded__(surround) by a high wire fence.
10．(2020·全国卷III)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _surrounding__(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
11．(2021·全国甲卷)I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, _to achieve__ (achieve) the black-and-white image(图像)．
12．(2020·全国卷I)The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is _located__(locate)at Roma Street station.
13.(2020·全国卷II)I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library _announcements__(announce) on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
14．(2020·江苏卷)One self-deprecating(自嘲式) comment is a _generous__(generosity) and even confident form of humor.
15．(2020·江苏卷)For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager _to familiarize__(familiarize) themselves with what is going on in China.
16．(2020·江苏卷)We did not speak the local language, did not know the _customs__(custom), and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food.
17．(2019·江苏卷)Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when _greeting__(greet) the British students.
18．(2019·浙江卷)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests _crowded__(crowd) with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
联想积累：
1．en-前缀和-en后缀改变词性
①rich→v.enrich　　　　 使富裕
②able→v.enable 　　　　 使能够
③sure→v.ensure 　　　　 确保；担保
④strength→v.strengthen 加强；巩固
⑤short→v.shorten 　　　　 缩短；使变短
2．后缀-ness高频名词荟萃
①darkness　　　　 黑暗
②sickness　　　　 疾病
③rudeness　　　　 无礼
④eagerness 　　　　 渴望，热心
⑤sadness 　　　　 悲伤
⑥kindness 　　　　 善良
3．“环境，情况”名词家族
①circumstance 　　　　 环境；情况
②environment 　　　　 环境，周围状况，自然环境
③surroundings　　　　 (周围的)环境/事物
④condition 　　　　 状况，情况
⑤situation　　　　 情况；状况
Ⅱ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_join...to...__把……和……连接或联结起来
2．_break away(from sb./sth.)__脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．_belong to__属于
4．_as well as__同(一样也)；和；还
5．_keep your eyes open (for)__留心；留意
6．_be similar to__与……相似
7．_if any__如果有的话
8．_add to__增加；增添
9．_result in__导致；造成；引起
10．_refer to__涉及，谈到，提到；查阅；参考
11．_take over__接收；接管
12．_leave behind__把……丢在后面；留下；忘带
13．_at the entrance of__在……的入口
14．_have an influence on__对……有影响
15．_be dotted with__点缀着
16．_make up__编造；形成；构成；弥补
17．_breathe in__吸入
18．_introduce oneself to sb.__向某人做自我介绍
19．_be surrounded with/by...__被……包围/环绕
1．(2021·3月天津卷)I’m sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou _as well as__ the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.
2．(2019·浙江卷)The students feel that they _belong to__ a particular group.
3．(2020·山东卷)The results _were similar to__ the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
4．(2021·3月天津卷)Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can _add to__ the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
5．(2021·3月天津卷)The project also _resulted in__ a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging(医学影像) procedures.
6．(2019·江苏卷)We _are surrounded by__ a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving，climbing and cycling.
联想积累：
1．表示“除……以外”的词语面面观
①apart from　　　　 除……外(还有/没有)
②aside from　　　　 除……外(还有/没有)
③besides　　　　 除……外(还有)
④as well as 　　　　 除……之外(也)
⑤in addition　　　　 此外
⑥in addition to　　　　 此外
2．“in＋名词”短语荟萃
①in debt　　　　 欠债
②in trouble 　　　　 在困境中
③in danger 　　　　 处于危险中
④in progress　　　　 正在进行中
⑤in charge 　　　　 负责，管理
⑥in ruins 　　　　 成为废墟
3．break 相关短语知多少
①break down 　　　　 (机器)出毛病；(身体)坏掉
②break into 　　　　 强行进入；闯入
③break up　　　　 破碎；(使)分裂
④break a record 　　　　 打破纪录
⑤break the law 　　　　 犯法
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．if条件状语从句的省略形式
So what is the difference between them, if any?
如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？(教材P40)
2．as well as既……又……，连接并列成分
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗，也拥有同样的货币和国防。(教材P40)
3．the way后省略that/in which的定语从句
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。(教材P40)
4．“have＋宾语＋宾补(done)”结构
They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。(教材P41)
5．with的复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰岛)”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。(教材P44)
1．(2021·3月天津卷)你想在家附近赚点外快吗？如果是这样的话，我们的团队有一个空缺，很适合你。
Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home？_If so__ we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you.
2．(2019·天津卷)艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。
Amy, _as well as__ her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
3．(2020·全国卷III)她对一切都不满意，什么都不对，我很惊讶她成了“常客”。过了一段时间，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。
She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．After a while, she apologized for _the way__ she behaved at the beginning.
4．(2020·全国卷I)其中包括在叶子上印上传感器以显示缺水的植物和可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。
These include plants that _have sensors printed__ on their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
5．(2020·江苏卷)然后在一个完美的亚马孙河的夜晚，当猴子从村外的草地上叫唤时，我们踢足球。
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, _with monkeys calling__ from beyond the village green, we played soccer.


课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
教材原句
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.(P40)
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
词块必记
(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj．令人迷惑的
puzzled adj．迷惑不解的；困惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
即学即用
单句语法填空
①When the little girl was asked such a _puzzling__question, she stood there with a _puzzled__look on her face.(puzzle)
②She lost heart since she failed the exam，because her future was _puzzling__ (puzzle)．
③People have long puzzled _over/about__ how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
2．break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
教材原句
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40)
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，导致了我们现在的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
词块必记
break into强行闯入；忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)
break off断开；停顿；中断
break in强行进入；打断；插嘴
break out(战争等)突然发生，爆发
break up分解；打碎；破裂；分手
break down发生故障；垮掉；失败；失控崩溃
即学即用
用break的相关短语填空
①If you go on working like that, you will _break down__ sooner or later.
②A fire _broke out__ in this hotel last night and three people were killed.
③With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to _break away from__ the Union.
④In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to _break up__.
3．belong to 属于
教材原句
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas．(P40)
属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。
词块必记
(1)belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
(2)belongings n．财产，所有物
名师点津
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
即学即用
完成句子
①那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。
Those books _belong to__ the library but this is my own.
②任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
Anyone has no right to take the land _belonging to__the state as their own.
③出租车司机常在乘客下车时提醒他们带好自己的物品。
The taxi driver often reminds passengers _to take their belongings__ when they get off the car.
句式升级
④As is known to us，China is a country which belongs to developing countries.
→As is known to us, China is a country _belonging to__developing countries.
4．defence n．防御；保卫
教材原句
They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40)
它们用同样的英国国旗，还分享同样的货币和军事防御。
词块必记
(1)in defence 保卫，防守
in defence of...为了保卫……
in sb.’s defence 为某人辩护
(2)defend v．防御，保护；辩解，辩白
defend sb./sth. from /against...保卫……免于……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩解
(3)defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①What was especially important for Tim’s successful _defence__(defend) in the football game?
②Students should be trained to defend themselves _against/from__some attacks.
③He has hired a lawyer _to defend__(defend) himself against his action.
④He made a long speech _defending__ (defend) his views from objections.
5．surround vt.围绕；包围
教材原句
Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40)
你无论走到英国的哪个地方，你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。
词块必记
(1)surround...with/by...……包围……
be surrounded by/ with...被……包围
(2) surrounding adj.周围的
surrounded adj.被包围的
(3) surroundings n．环境
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The _surrounding__ (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
② _Surrounded__(surround) by a group of young people，the old man felt happy.
③They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded _surroundings__(surround) of the town.
④Looking around, I found myself _surrounded__(surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
句式升级
⑤He found that his daughter was surrounded by letters and books and she was looking very worried.(分词作宾语补足语)
→He found his daughter _surrounded__ by letters and books, looking very worried.
6．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
教材原句
Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square，where we could get our car battery charged.(P42)
朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场，在那里我们能给我们的车充电。
词块必记
(1)in charge 主管；看管
in charge of 掌握；负责
in the charge of...在某人掌管之下
take charge of 掌管；负责；控制
(2)free of charge 免费
(3)charge sb. for sth. 因……向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事
名师点津
charge表示“控告”时，要用charge sb. with sth.，而accuse 表达相同意义时，则应用accuse sb. of sth.。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The man who had taken charge of the company _was charged__(charge) with taking drugs.
②The police charged the thief _with__ stealing the jewels.
一句多译
汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。
③The company is _in the charge of__ Tom while the boss is away.
④Tom is _in charge of__ the company while the boss is away.
⑤Tom _takes charge of__ the company while the boss is away.
7．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
教材原句
When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42)
最后，当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时，我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。
词块必记
(1)announce sth. to sb.＝announce to sb. sth.向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
announce that...宣布……；通知……
(2)announcement n．公告；发表；宣告；通告
make an announcement发布通告
announcer n．播音员，广播员
即学即用
单句语法填空
①After the president made an official _announcement__ (announce)，she expressed her personal opinion.
②Then the bell rang, _announcing__ (announce) the end of the class.
③It has _been announced__ (announce) that railway fare will be raised by 10 percent on and after March 1st.
完成句子
④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来，整个旅行也会在线分享。
He said the lucky woman who got the ticket _will be announced__ on the website and the trip will be shared online.
8．amount n．金额；数量
教材原句
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(P42)
在国家美术馆入口处，大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。
词块必记
(1)a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数
＝large amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数　大量的
(2)in large/small amounts大量地/少量地
名师点津
表示“大量的”的短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of等。
(1)a great deal of, a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词；
(2)a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；
(3)a lot of, plenty of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Some countries in Europe obtain _a__ large amount of money from tourism.
②Large amounts of land in the area _have__ (have) been reserved for national parks these years.
③So far，a huge amount of money _has__ (have) been spent on his slimming gym.
完成句子
④虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。
Although the job takes _a large amount of__ time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
9．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
教材原句
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(P42)
因为周围人太多了，所以很难靠近画。
词块必记
(1)an approach to.．(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
(2)approach sth. 靠近/接近某物
be approaching 临近，靠近
名师点津
“(做)……的方法”的正确搭配：
①the approach to (doing) sth.
②the way to do/of (doing) sth.
③the means of (doing) sth.
④the method of (doing) sth.
即学即用
单句语法填空
①All the approaches _to__ the airport were blocked by the police.
② _Approaching__(approach) the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
③Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to _working__ (work) things out.
句式升级
④As the Spring Festival is approaching, some students are getting more and more excited.
→With the Spring Festival _approaching__，some students are getting more and more excited.(升级为with的复合结构)
10．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
教材原句
I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...(P43)
我渴望/吃惊地看到/了解/听到......
词块必记
(1)be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望某事
(2)eagerness n．热切；渴望
(3)eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Jules was not eager _for__ classroom learning．He hungered for adventure.
②She was very eager _to learn__ (learn) more words and use them as much as she could.
③I couldn’t hide my _eagerness__ (eager) to get back home.
④I’m _eagerly__ (eager) looking forward to meeting my good friends.
典型句式精析
1．if any 如果有的话
教材原句
So what is the difference between them，if any？(P40)
那么如果有区别的话，那区别是什么呢？
考点必记
if any为条件状语从句的省略形式，意为“如果有的话”。
知识拓展
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
即学即用
选词填空(if not/if so/if any/if ever/if possible)
①There may be some mistakes in my composition．_If any__， please help me point them out.
②Did you cheat in the exam? _If so__， you won’t get away with it.
③—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes．_If possible__，I’m going to visit some old people’s homes in the city.
④The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _if ever__，reaching 30 ℃ in summer.
⑤I think there’s a bullet train at midday．_If not__，you will have to wait till 2 o’clock in the afternoon.
句式升级
If it is convenient, let me know what time suits you best.
→_If convenient__， let me know what time suits you best.(省略句)
2．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
教材原句
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40)
它们用同样的英国国旗，还分享同样的货币和军事防御。
考点必记
as well也；又；还(常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用)
(1)as well as意为“既……又；也，又”，可连接两个并列成分，强调其前面的内容，因此连接并列主语时，谓语应与前边的主语保持人称和数的一致。
(2)as well as也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样好”。
(3)may/might as well do sth.＝had better do sth.最好做某事：做……倒也无妨
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The basketball coach, as well as his team, _was interviewed__ (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
②As well as _writing__ (write) stories, I love reading and listening to music.
完成句子
③对中国人来说，想把英语说得像以英语作为母语的人一样好，并不是件容易的事。
It is not easy for a Chinese to speak English _as well as__ a native English speaker.
④我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
I can speak fluent English and I can speak French _as well__．
3．the way后省略 that/in which的定语从句
教材原句
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses．(P40)
他们引进了最初的英语，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
考点必记
way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式：

即学即用
单句语法填空
①To be honest，I don’t like the way _that/in which__ you speak to her.
②(2019·北京卷) Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways _of__ determining and communicating what is real.
③I’d like to settle the problem in a way _which/that__ is peaceful.
4．“with＋宾语十宾语补足语”结构
教材原句
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．(P44)
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
考点必记
with＋宾语＋
即学即用
单句语法填空
①(2018·6月浙江卷读后续写)With the night _approaching__(approach), I became worried and could not keep calm.
②With an important class meeting _to attend__ (attend), I can’t accompany you to the book store.
③With more and more forests _damaged__ (damage)，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
句式升级
④The College Entrance Examination is drawing near，so the students feel great pressure.
→_With the College Entrance Examination drawing near__， the students feel great pressure.(with复合结构)

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Every day, the sun rises, _announcing__(announce) the beginning of a new day.
2．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches _to__ the study of mathematics.
3．All of the villagers were fighting against the flood in defence _of__ their own homes.
4．_Surrounded__ (surround) by rows of trees，our school stands out from all the other buildings.
5．In order to prove that he is innocent, some new _evidence__ (evident) is needed.
6．Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her great _achievements__(achieve)．
7．In _striking__ (strike) contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming.
8．Children under sixteen are not _legally__(legal) allowed to buy cigarettes.
9．I’d like to express my gratitude to you for your _generosity__ (generous) during my stay there.
10．How many adults，who complain about the long drives to work, _eagerly__ (eager) drove for hours at a time when they first got the licenses?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我们两个人轮流做家务。(take turns)
We two _take turns to do__ the housework.
2．雨林的毁坏已经导致了大量的环境破坏。(amount)
_A huge amount of environmental damage__ has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
3．你将发现同事们会热情地帮助你。(eager)
You’ll find your colleagues _very eager to assist you__.
4．他们已经在新版本的词典中增加了一些日常用语。(have sth. done)
They have already _had some everyday words added__ to the new edition of dictionary.
5．钱被偷了，那个人买不起票了。(with; steal)
_With his money stolen__，the man can’t afford a ticket.
6．调查表明男人比女人更容易说谎。(likely)
A survey says that men _are more likely to__ tell lies than women.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people are confused about the 1．_meaning__(mean) of the names：the United Kingdom，Great Britain, Britain and England. 2．_To solve__(solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3．_was joined__(join) to the Kingdom of England，followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4．_Finally__(final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5．_from__ the UK, resulting in the full name we have today：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”．People from the UK are called “British”， 6．_which__ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries 7．_belonging__(belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8．_defence__(defend), they also have some differences.Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9．_a__ long and interesting history to explore which can help to understand much more about the country and 10．_its__(it) traditions.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，你校教师Mr.Smith邀请你本周六上午去听关于美国历史的讲座，但你因故不能参加。请根据以下提示写一封邮件向Mr.Smith说明情况。
Dear Mr.Smith，
I’m so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on the American history this Saturday morning，because my mother will come to see me that day．We haven’t seen each other for quite a long time and I have promised to meet her at the railway station and I don’t want to 1．_keep her waiting for long__(让她长时间等待)．
As you know，2．_I’m eager to learn about__(我渴望了解) the American history，so it’s really a pity to miss the lecture.But I wonder if I could have a copy of the PPT 3．_free of charge__ (免费)．It would mean so much to me to watch the video or PPT and learn what’s covered in your lecture.
Best wishes to you!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
UNIT 5　MUSIC
(主题语境：人与社会—音乐)

课前自主预习
KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1．_soul__ n．灵魂；心灵
2．_opportunity__ n．机会；时机
3．_onto__ prep.(朝)向
4．_ordinary__ adj.普通的；平凡的
5．_award__ vt.授予 n．奖品
6．_stage__ n．(发展或进展的)时期；阶段；(多指剧场中的)舞台
7．_thus__ adv.如此；因此
8．_band__ n．乐队；带子
9．_nowadays__ adv.现在；目前
10．_cure__ vt.治愈；治好(疾病)；解决(问题) n．药物；治疗；(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
11．_previous__ adj.先前的；以往的
12．_impact__ n．巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力
13．_piano__ n．钢琴
14．_disease__ n．(疾)病
15．_ache__ vi.& n．疼痛
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．classical adj．_古典的；经典的__
2．virtual adj．_很接近的；事实上的；虚拟的__
3．studio n．_演播室；(音乐的)录音棚；工作室__
4．conductor n．_(乐队、合唱团等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售票员__
5．phenomenon(pl.phenomena) n．_现象__
6．altogether adv．_(用以强调)全部；总共__
7．album n．_相册；集邮簿；音乐专辑__
8．moreover adv．_而且；此外__
9．being n．_身心；存在；生物__
10．somehow adv．_以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地__
11．outline n．& vt．_概述；概要__
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．energy n．能源；能量；精力→ _energetic__ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的
2．composition n．成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品→ _composer__ n．作曲者；作曲家→ _compose__ vt.作曲；创作
3．perform vi.& vt.表演；履行；执行→ _performance__ n．表演；演技；表现→ _performer__ n．表演者；演员
4．enable vt.使能够；使可能→ _able__ adj.能够；有才能
5．prove vt.证明；展现→ _proof__ n．证据；证明
6．original adj.原来的；独创的；原作的 n．原件；原作→ _origin__ n．起源→ _originate__ vi.起源→ _originally__ adv.原来；起初
7．capable adj.有能力的；有才能的→ _capability__ n．能力；才能；(国家的)军事力量，军事武器
8．relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱→ _relieve__ v．解除；减轻，缓和(不快或痛苦)
9．romantic adj.浪漫的n.浪漫的人→ _romance__ n．浪漫
10．aim n．目的；目标vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准vt.目的是；旨在→ _aimless__ adj.没有目标的
11．equipment n．设备；装备→ _equip__ vt.装备；配备
12．talent n．天才；天资；天赋→ _talented__ adj.有天资的；有才能的
13．assume vt.以为；假设→ _assumption__ n．假定，假设
14．addition n．添加；加法；增加物→ _additional__ adj.额外的，附加的→ _add__ vt.加；增加
15．treatment n．治疗；对待；处理→ _treat__ vt.治疗；对待
16．satisfaction n．满足；满意；欣慰→ _satisfy__ vt.使满意→ _satisfying__ adj.令人满意的→ _satisfied__ adj.感到满意的
17．various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的→ _vary__ v．使多样化→ _variety__ n．多样性；种类
18．reaction n．反应；回应→ _react__ vi.(化学)反应
1．(2021·3月天津卷) Upon simply satisfying a material need, he has provided _an__ opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
2．(2020·浙江卷)I couldn’t see Don, but as I approached the tractor he jumped out _onto__ the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.
3．(2020·江苏卷)Wilson received several international _awards__(award) for his great contributions.
4．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out _on__ stage.
5．(2020·江苏卷)Feb 18：The daily number of newly _cured__(cure) and discharged(出院) patients exceeded(超过) that of the newly confirmed cases.
6．(2020·天津卷)Playing _the__ piano is cool because it can give me joy.
7．(2020·山东卷)In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, _diseases__(disease) and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
8．(2020·江苏卷)Humor can make one _energetic__(energy) in his work, study, and life.
9．(2021·全国新高考I卷)By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer．In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner．“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her _performance__(perform)．”
10．(2020·全国卷II)“The children who played with puzzles _performed__(perform) better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement.
11．(2020·全国卷II)Giving employees the tools _enables__(enable) them to communicate honestly.
12．(2021·1月浙江卷) He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country _proved__(prove) to be impossible.
13．(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history．It was built _originally__ (original) to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
14．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Not only can these stories _relieve__ (relief) my stress, but also they can broaden my horizon.
15．(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim _to promote__(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
16．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I stopped the ball and kicked it hard back to the playground.To everyone’s surprise, the ball went into the net.All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent _for__ football.
17．(2019·北京卷)Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most _talented__(talent) individuals.
18．(2020·江苏卷)Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took _additional__(addition) samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.
19．(2020·全国卷III)In some cases, it’s not so much the _treatment__(treat) of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.
联想积累：
1．“满足；满意”家族
①content adj.　　　　 满足的；满意的
②satisfy vt.　　　　 使满意；(使)满足
③satisfaction n．　　　　 满足，满意
④satisfied adj.　　　　 满意的
⑤pleased adj.　　　　 高兴的；满意的
⑥meet vt．　　　　 满足
2．“因此”家族
①therefore adv.　　　　 因此；所以
②so conj.　　　　 因此；所以
③thus adv.　　　　 因此；于是
④consequently adv.　　　　 所以；因此
⑤as a result 　　　　 结果；因此
⑥hence 　　　　 因此；由此
3．-able后缀形容词荟萃
①reliable　　　　 可信赖的；可靠的
②adjustable 　　　　 可调节的
③fashionable　　　　 时尚的；时髦的
④reasonable 　　　　 合理的
⑤adaptable 　　　　 适合的；能适应的
⑥capable　　　　 有能力的
Ⅱ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．_fall in love with__爱上
2．_come up with__提出；想出；赶上
3．_take part in__参加，参与
4．_for the first time__第一次
5．_graduate from__从……毕业
6．_on the Internet__在网络上
7．_join in__参加；加入
8．_get absorbed in sth./sb.__被………吸引住；专心致志
9．_set sth.up__安装好(设备或机器)
10．_try out__参加……选拔(或试演)
11．_in addition to (sb./sth.)__除……以外(还)
12．_from(then) on__从(那时)起
13．_get through__(设法)处理；完成
14．_all the time__一直
15．_share sth.with sb.__与某人分享某物；与某人共享某物
16．_have an impact on__对……有影响
17．_go through__通过；经历；仔细检查；完成；用完；耗尽
18．_at the same time__与此同时
19．_turn out__结果是；证明是
20．_pay off__取得成功；得到回报；偿清
1．(2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith _fell in love with__ the people and culture there.
2．(2021·3月天津卷)With that thought in mind, Pruitt _came up with__ a plan and posted it on the community website.
3．(2020·山东卷)The students selected from every class _took part in__ the competition.The route measured five kilometers, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.
4．(2021·全国乙卷) The first step is to go exploring, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house _for the first time__.
5．(2020·浙江卷)I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly _graduated from__ typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.
6．(2020·天津卷)So he decided to do something about it.He convinced the police department to allow him to _set up__ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
7．(2020·浙江卷)I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of _sharing__ my enthusiasm for the theater _with__ others.
联想积累：
1．“v.＋up＋with”短语大聚会
①come up with 提出
②catch up with 赶上；追上
③keep up with 跟上
④put up with 容忍；忍受
2．带有time(s)的短语
①all the time一直，始终
②from time to time偶尔， 有时
③at times有时，偶尔
④at a time每次
⑤at one time曾经有一个时期，一度
⑥in no time立刻，马上
3．“集中精力于……”小结
①concentrate on
②focus/fix(one’s attention) on
③be buried/absorbed in
④put one’s heart into
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1．while引导时间状语从句
Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.
想象一下，当你一个人在家的时候，有机会和几百个人一起唱歌。(教材P52)
2．as 引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”
As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to...forget my problems.With music, I become someone else.”
正如一位虚拟唱诗班成员所说：“音乐帮助我……忘记我的问题。有了音乐，我变成了另一个人。”(教材P52)
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
Moved by this music, he said，“It was like seeing color for the first time.”
被这段音乐所感动，他说：“那种(兴奋的)感觉就像第一次看到颜色一样。”(教材P52)
4．主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do结构
Two years ago，I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure.
两年前，我被告知患有一种很难治愈的严重疾病。(教材P56)
1．(2021·全国乙卷) 一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。
One afternoon，_while attempting__ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.
2．(2021·全国甲卷)正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些“聪明、有创造力、有毅力和简单的好运，能够改变世界”的人。
_As__ a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
3．(2020·江苏卷)技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。
Technological innovations, _combined with__ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
4．(2020·全国卷II)竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家息息相关。它们很容易照顾，而且是很好的礼物。
Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home．_They are easy to care for__ and make great presents.

课堂考点突破
KE TANG KAO DIAN TU PO
重点词汇精讲
1．perform vt.& vt.表演；履行；执行
教材原句
Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video.(P52)
虚拟合唱团成员在独自表演时录制视频。
词块必记
(1)perform a(n)...role in 在……中起……作用
perform an operation 进行手术
perform one’s duty/promise
尽某人的职责/履行某人的承诺
(2)performance n．执行；表演；履行
put on/give a performance 呈现一场表演
(3)performer n．执行者；表演者
即学即用
单句语法填空
①In order to have a good _performance__(perform), I have made good preparations for it.
②_Performing__(perform) an experiment calls for devotion and carefulness.
③He was disappointed that he hadn’t _performed__(perform) well in the 13th National Games.
2．prove vi.证明；展现
教材原句
It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people.(P52)
事实证明，这对许多人的生活产生了积极影响。
词块必记
prove(to be)＋n./adj.证明是；结果是；最终被发现是
prove sb.(to be)＋n./sth.证明某人是……
prove sth. to sb.向某人证明某事
It is proved that...据证明……
(2)proof n．证明；证据
名师点津
prove表示“证明是，结果是”时是系动词，无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He proved _to__ his parents that he could make his own living.
②The extra room proved _useful__ (use) when we had visitors.
完成句子
③她证明自己是一个能干的秘书。
She _proves herself to be__ an able secretary.
句式升级
④This method is proved to be more efficient.(it作形式主语)
→_It is proved that__ this method is more efficient.
3．award vt.授予 n．奖品
教材原句
The virtual choir was the idea of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre.(P52)
虚拟合唱团是获奖作曲家兼指挥家埃里克·惠塔克的主意。
词块必记
(1)award sth. to sb.＝award sb. sth. 把某物颁发给某人
be awarded for...因……而获奖
(2)win the first award获得一等奖
win/receive/get an award(for sth.)
因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
即学即用
单句语法填空
①My mother, a high school teacher，has won a number of teaching awards _for__ her devotion to her work.
②The gold medal will _be awarded__ (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
一句多译
因挽救那位女士的生命，男孩得到了授予的奖品，他感到很自豪。
③The boy _won an award for__ his saving the woman’s life and felt very proud.(award n．)
④The boy _was awarded for__ his saving the woman’s life and felt very proud.(award v．)
⑤_Awarded for__ his saving the woman’s life, the boy felt very proud.(分词作状语)
4．cure v．治愈；治好(疾病)；解决(问题) n．药物；治疗；(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
教材原句
Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.(P54)
尽管在演出后不久亨利受到了逐渐失明的影响，但他仍然能够作曲，而且他发现音乐创作对他的病是安慰和治疗。
词块必记
(1)a/the cure for...……的疗法/……的解决措施
(2)cure sb. of sth.治好某人的病；纠正某人的不良行为
名师点津
vt.＋sb.＋of sth.结构的短语还有：
remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事
accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①These suggestions would certainly cure us _of__ the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again.
②After graduation，absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine, she wanted to find _a__ cure for malaria.
③Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure _for__ it.
④Advances in medical science have made it possible _to cure__ (cure) many so-called incurable diseases.
5．absorbed in sth./sb.被……吸引住；专心致志
教材原句
When he got absorbed in his world of music，he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him，like he had in his previous life．(P54)
当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时，他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的美，就像他前世一样。
词块必记
(1)absorbed adj.全神贯注的
be/get absorbed in(doing) sth.全神贯注于(做)某事
(2)absorb v．吸收；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；使并入
absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
名师点津
表示“全神贯注于……”的常见短语还有be lost in，be buried in, fix/focus one’s attention on, devote oneself to, concentrate one’s mind on, apply oneself to, be addicted to等。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I’ve just been so busy studying and trying _to absorb__(absorb) all the new things around me.
②The boy sat beside the window, _absorbed__(absorb) in a novel.
一句多译
汤姆那么专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间。
③Tom _was so absorbed in his work__ that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
④_Absorbed in his work__，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分词作状语)
6．aim n．目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 v．目的是；旨在
教材原句
Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole，always aiming for glory．(P54)
他们作为一个整体，充满了团队精神，总是追求荣誉。
词块必记
(1)with the aim of 以……为目标；目的是……
achieve one’s aim达到某人的目的
take aim at...向……瞄准：把目标对准……
2)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth.瞄准；对准；旨在(做)某事
aim to do sth.＝be aimed to do sth.目标是做某事
(3)aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①_The__ aim of the trip is to encourage young people to explore the cave.
②Jane moved _aimlessly__ (aim) down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
③In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， _aiming__ (aim) to introduce foreign customs and the life of high school students.
④The project aims _to get__ (get) kids to a stage called “deep reading”，where they can read to learn.
完成句子
⑤这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
This activity _is aimed at__ improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.
⑥旨在促进中国的传统文化，将举办一次剪纸艺术展。
A paper-cutting exhibition will be held _with the aim of__ promoting Chinese traditional culture.
7．set sth. up安装好(设备或机器)；建立；设立；准备，安排
教材原句
people to set up equipment(P55)安装设备的人
词块必记
set aside存储；留出；将……放在一边
set down放下；写下；登记
set off出发，动身；引发；使爆炸，燃放
set out启程，动身；阐述；陈列
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.开始着手做某事
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样
即学即用
用set的相关短语填空
①After the terrible earthquake, the people _set out__ to rebuild their homes.
②As soon as Henry graduated from university, he _set up__ his own business in London.
③A great many boys were _setting off__ fireworks in the street during the Spring Festival.
④Mr White _sets aside__ one hour each day for exercise.That’s why he is always energetic.
⑤Ralph W．Emerson would always _set down__ new ideas that struck him for his new poetry.
8．try out参加……的选拔(试演)
教材原句
Who can try out as a performer？(P55)
谁能参加演员的选拔？
词块必记
try out for参加选拔
try on试穿
try(one’s best) to do sth.努力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
即学即用
用try的相关短语填空
①They are _trying out__ the new medicine to see whether it is appropriate for the skin disease.
②All the students in the class _tried out for__ the basketball match.
③_Try on__ the new shoes to see if they fit.
完成句子
④一旦你下定决心做这件事，你就必须尽力做好。
Once you have made up your mind to do it, you must _try your best__ to do it well.
⑤她试着用一种新的洗发水洗头发。
She _tried washing__ her hair with a new shampoo.
9．assume vt.以为；假设
教材原句
So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money? (P55)
那么，我可以认为这个节日的目的是筹集资金吗？
词块必记
(1)assume sb./sth.to be..认为某人/事……
It is assumed that...人们认为……
(2)assuming conj.假设……为真；假如
assuming (that)...假设……
(3)assumption n．假定；假设；担任；(权力的)获得
on the assumption that...假定……
make the assumption that...假设……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①If you make an _assumption__(assume ) that something is true or will happen，you accept that it is true or will happen.
②It is assumed _that__ global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
③ _Assuming__ (assume) that we can’t get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.
完成句子
④人们普遍认为压力是由工作太多导致的。
It is generally _assumed that__ stress is caused by too much work.
10．get through(设法)处理；完成；设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；通过；用完；克服(困难)；度过
教材原句
It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times.(P56)
音乐是岩石，让我倚靠，变得坚强，度过那些艰难的日子。
词块必记
get across解释清楚，传达
get away with 不受惩罚；受到从轻发落
get down to着手认真做某事
get over 克服
get on进展；进步
即学即用
写出下列句中get through的含义
①I tried to get through the hard work and the pain was worth it in the end.
_设法完成__
②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then．_打通电话__
③Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off._通过__
④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more._用光__
⑤You’ll get through this problem._克服(困难)__
典型句式精析
1．while的用法
教材原句
Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone．(P52)
想象一下，当你独自在家的时候，有机会和数百人一起唱歌。
考点必记
while
名师点津
当while从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且从句含动词be时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。
即学即用
写出下列句中while引导的句子类型及while的含义
①While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings．_让步状语从句；尽管__
②While the discussion was still going on, George came in．_时间状语从句；当……的时候__
③There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast．_并列句；然而__
句式升级
④Be sure to follow your teacher’s instructions while you are doing this chemical experiment.
→Be sure to follow your teacher’s instructions _while doing__ this chemical experiment.
2．as 引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”
教材原句
As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to...forget my problems.With music, I become someone else.”(P52)
正如一位虚拟唱诗班成员所说：“音乐帮助我……忘记我的问题。有了音乐，我变成了另一个人。”
考点必记
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如”之意，常放于主句之前。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被 the same，such，as，so等修饰。
(3)which引导非限制性定语从句，意为“这一点”，不可位于句首。
名师点津
as引导定语从句的常用句式有：
as you can see 正如你所看见的
as we have expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
as is well-known/as we all know 众所周知
as is often the case 情况总是如此
as is reported 如所报道的那样
as the old saying goes 正如谚语所说
即学即用
单句语法填空
①_As__ is mentioned above, the number of the students is increasing.
②He was fond of reading gradually, _which__ made our English teacher very happy.
③_As__ is always the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
完成句子
④众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。
_As we all known__， shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being hurt.
⑤考试之前他通常学到深夜，这是常有的事情。
_As is often the case__， he usually studies deep into the night before the exam.
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
教材原句
Moved by this music, he said，“It was like seeing color for the first time.”(P52)
被这段音乐感动，他说：“那种(兴奋的)感觉就像第一次看到颜色一样。”
考点必记
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，表示被动或完成；
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致；
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①_Shown__(show) this Sunday afternoon, the film will last two hours.
②_Ordered__(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
一句多译
从高楼的顶上看，公园看上去更漂亮。
③_When it is seen from the top of the high building__， the park looks even more beautiful.(时间状语从句)
④_Seen from the top of the high building__， the park looks even more beautiful.(过去分词作状语)
⑤_Seeing from the top of the high building__， I find the park even more beautiful.(现在分词作状语)
4．主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do结构
教材原句
Two years ago，I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure.(P56)
两年前，我被告知患有一种很难治愈的严重疾病。
考点必记
“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good，interesting，exciting等。
名师点津
不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。如果要指出不定式动作的发出者(即不定式的逻辑主语)，则在to do前加 for sb./sth.。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①At that time people would starve if food was difficult _to find__(find)，especially during the cold winter months.
②When I told her the air would be hard _to breathe__(breathe) and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.
完成句子
③有很多好的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。
There are so many good cafes and restaurants _to choose from__.
④这把椅子坐起来很舒服。
The chair is _comfortable to sit on__.

课后巩固运用
KE HOU GONG GU YUN YONG
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mozart’s _compositions__ (compose) are undoubtedly amongst the world’s greatest.
2．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being _performed__ (perform) live is quite another.
3．The warmth of the flames also helped people stay warm in cold weather, _enabling__ (enable) us to live in cooler areas.
4．Since he arrived in Beijing，he has adjusted to eating the northern food _gradually__ (gradual)．
5．_Originally__ (original)，we had intended to go to Italy，but then we won the trip to Greece.
6．It has _proved__ (prove) that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
7．In some parts of the world，many patients are not getting the medical _treatment__(treat) they need.
8．The survey conducted by the company shows that there is a large increase in customer _satisfaction__(satisfy) this year.
9．Students long to attend colleges or universities for _various__ (vary) reasons.
10．In addition, the more you work out，the more _energetic__ (energy) you will become.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．众所周知，计算机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。(as)
_As we all know__， computers play/perform an important role in our daily life.
2．我从一出生就失明，从来没有机会看到自己。(opportunity)
Blind from birth, I have never _had the opportunity to see myself__.
3．汤姆全神贯注地工作，忘记了开会的时间。(absorb)
_Absorbed in his work__，Tom forgot the time of the meeting.
4．清华大学成立于1911年，是大量杰出人物的摇篮。(过去分词短语作状语)
_Founded in__ 1911, Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
5．建立这个项目旨在为失业青年提供帮助。(aim)
The project was set up _with the aim of helping__ the unemployed young people.
6．医生经常为自己能够医治好病人罕见的疾病而自豪。(cure)
A doctor often prides himself on the ability _to cure his patients of rare diseases__.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a virtual choir you will have the opportunity 1．_to sing__(sing) together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.Virtual choir members record 2．_themselves__(they) while they perform alone on video.These videos 3．_are uploaded__(upload) onto the Internet, and then they are put together into one video.Anyone that from anywhere can take part 4．_in__ a virtual choir.A virtual choir 5．_enables__(able) them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.
The virtual choir was the idea of Eric Whitacre who was an award-winning 6．_composer__(compose) and conductor.After 7．_graduating__(graduate) from university in 1995, he received a master’s degree in musical composition from the Juilliard School in New York in 1997.His original compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers over the next 10 years, 8._which__ led to the creation of the virtual choir.
A video of a girl singing one of his works inspired him to ask his fans to make videos and then he joined them together.His first virtual choir was 9．_a__ great success and since then virtual choir 10．_has become__(become) a worldwide phenomenon.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，就读于一所全英语教学的中学。你在上周举行的歌唱比赛中得了第一名，其间你的美国音乐老师Mr.Green给你提供了一些帮助。请你用英语给他写一封感谢信。
Dear Mr.Green，
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for your help with the singing contest held last week.
Thanks to your guidance, I 1．_performed well__(表现很好) and won first place in the contest.In my view，it was you that helped me choose the song which suited me most.2．_Moreover__ (此外)，you gaveme some valuable advice on how to sing well.No matter when I made a mistake，you were always patient to point it out and 3．_cured me of the bad habit__ (纠正我的坏习惯)，which made him 4．_feel relief__(感到欣慰)．With your sincere and selfless help，I made great progress and our efforts paid off in the end．
Once again, I would like to express my thanks to you，my dear Mr.Green.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

UNIT 1　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
(主题语境：人与社会——节日与庆典)

课前自主预习
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1. march vi.& n．行进；前进；示威游行
2. ceremony n．典礼；仪式
3. range n．一系列；范围，界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
4. figure n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定
5. harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)
6. crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成
7. feature vt.以 ……为特色 n．特色；特征；特点
8. church n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂
9. occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
10. atmosphere n．气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层)
11. envelope n．信封；塑料封套
12. merry adj.愉快的；高兴的
13. moment n．片刻；瞬间
14. branch n．树枝；分支；支流
15. wedding n．婚礼；结婚庆典
16. clap vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌 n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
2．costume n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装
3．riddle n. 谜语；神秘事件
4．fade vi.& vt. 逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱
5．commercial adj. 商业(化)的；以获利为目的的
6．medium n．(pl. media) 媒介；手段；方法
adj. 中等的；中号的
7．lunar adj. 阴历的；月球的；月亮的
8．eve n. 前夕；前一天
9．roast adj. 烤的；焙的 vi.& vt. 烘烤；焙
10．inner adj. 内部的；里面的；内心的
11．autonomous adj. 自治的；有自治权的
12．region n. 地区；区域；地带
13．wrestle vi.& vt. 摔跤；奋力对付
14．fancy adj. 花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt. 想要；倾慕；自认为是
15．eagle n. 雕
16.tent n. 帐篷
17．pot n. 罐；壶；锅
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→ congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜
2．origin n．起源；起因；出身→ original adj.原来的；最初的 n．原件； 正本； 原稿→ originally adv.原来；起初
3．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→ religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的
4．charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语→ charming adj.迷人的； 吸引人的
5．joy n．高兴；喜悦→ joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的
6．grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的→ gratitude n．感激之情；感谢
7．agriculture n．农业；农艺→ agricultural adj.农业的
8．gather vi.聚集；集合 vt.聚集；搜集；收割→ gathering n．聚集； 聚会
9．decorate vt.装饰；装潢→ decoration n．装饰物
10．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→ significance n．意义；含义；重要性
11．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→ typically adv.典型地，有代表性地；向来，一向→ type n．类型；种类
12．reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→ reflection n．映像；思考；反映
13．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→ disbelief n．不信；怀疑；疑惑→ believe vt.& vi.相信
14．faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信→ faithful adj.忠实的→ faithfully adv.忠实地
15．pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→ pleasant adj.令人愉快的；使人快乐的→ pleasure n．愉快；令人高兴的事物
16．frank adj.坦率的；直率的→ frankly adv.坦率地
17．represent vt.象征；代表；相当于→ representative n．代表
18．absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地→ absolute adj.完全的； 绝对的
19．brief adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的→ briefly adv.简短地
20．respect n．& vt.尊敬；尊重→ respectful adj.有礼貌的；恭敬的→ respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的→ respective adj.分别的；各自的
21．horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→ horror n．恐怖
1.(2020·全国卷III)Dr Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting (harvest) shellfish.
2．(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops (crop) they had sown.
3．(2020·江苏卷)Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
4．(2020·全国卷II)They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes (envelope) and messages of good fortune.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷)But like all performances, there are moments (moment)when things go wrong.
6．(2020·全国卷II)Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花)：The beautiful long branches (branch) covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．
7．(2020·天津卷)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping (clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
8．(2020·全国卷III)The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.
9．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the original (origin)meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence.
10.(2020·天津卷)Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and joyful (joy) conversations.
11．(2020·全国卷III)When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered (gather) on Hollywood Boulevard.
12．(2020·全国卷II)Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating (decorate) with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
13．(2020·浙江卷)I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical (type) children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.
14．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I remember the first really difficult customer we had at Covent Garden.She was displeased with absolutely (absolute) everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．
15．(2021·3月天津卷)Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.
16．(2021·全国新高考I卷)How pleased (please)and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed.
17．(2021·1月浙江卷)At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, my nose briefly (brief)prevented entry.
18．(2021·浙江卷) Most of the students think highly of this exhibition，which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of China and experience the charm of Chinese art.
联想积累：
1．程度副词多变化
①pretty　　　　　　　 很；相当
②fairly 相当，简直
③absolutely 绝对地；完全地
④slightly 轻微地
⑤rather 相当；非常
⑥entirely 完全地
2．后缀-al高频形容词汇总
①profession→professional 专业的
②origin→original 原始的；最初的
③person→personal 个人的
④nation→national 国家的；民族的
⑤tradition→traditional 传统的
⑥occasion→occasional 偶尔的
3．-ible结尾形容词一览
①horrible 令人不快的
②terrible 可怕的
③accessible 易接近的
④sensible 明智的
⑤flexible 易弯曲的
⑥digestible 可消化的
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1. dress(sb.) up 穿上盛装；装扮
2. after all 毕竟；别忘了
3. range from...to... 包括从……到……之间变化
4. fade away 逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
5. in spite of 不管； 尽管
6. take advantage of 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
7. the media 大众传播媒介
8. have sth.in common (兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征
9. take place 举行；发生
10. decorate...with... 用……装饰
11. play a role in 在……中起作用
12. with the development of 随着……的发展
13. drive away 驱赶；驱车离开
14. to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说
15. go off 爆炸；走火；离开
16. except for 除……之外
17. set off 出发；动身；启程
18. frighten away 把……吓跑
19. on the first day 第一天
20. by weight 按重量
1.(2020·全国卷II)In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform.
2．(2020·全国卷I)Where does the conversation probably take place ？
3．(2021·全国甲卷)What’s more, if I want to decorate my website with some Chinese elements, what should I do?
4．(2020·山东卷) When he was 16, Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.
5．(2021·1月浙江卷)What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter？
联想积累：
1．无被动语态短语多总结
①break out　　　　 爆发
②belong to 属于
③consist of 由……组成
④come true 变成现实
⑤take place 发生
2．“in＋n.＋of”短语荟萃
①in terms of 据……；依照……
②in favor of 支持；赞同
③in memory of 为了纪念
④in honor of 为了纪念
⑤in view of 鉴于；由于
⑥in case of 以防，以防万一
⑦in need of 需要
3．vt.＋n.＋prep.常用短语
①catch sight of 看见
②do harm to 对……有害
③get rid of 摆脱；除去
④lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忽视；遗忘
⑤pay attention to 注意
⑥take advantage of 利用
⑧take care of 照看；照顾
⑨take responsibility for 负责
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb./sth.) to do sth.
Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易花更多的钱为他们心爱的人买礼物。(教材P5)
2．“疑问词＋to do”结构
They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate.
它们帮助我们明白我们来自哪里，我们是谁，以及我们应该感恩什么。(教材P5)
3．不定式短语作原因状语
And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。(教材P5)
4．This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……
I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马能跑得更快更远。(教材P8)
1.(2020·浙江卷)不管天气或季节，我父母都让他们的两个孩子在外面待一段时间。
My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season.
2．(2021·1月浙江卷) 我只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到我母亲会成为现实。
I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true.
3．(2020·全国卷II)谢谢你的来信，这使我很高兴。我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学功夫。
Thank you for your letter, which really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
4．(2020·山东卷) 此外，蛇的数量也减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的影响。
Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well.He realized that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.

课堂考点突破
重点词汇精讲
1．dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮
教材原句
dress up in carnival costumes(P2)穿上狂欢节的服装
词块必记
dress up as...装扮成……；打扮成……
be dressed in穿着……(表示状态)＝be wearing
dress sb./oneself as...给某人/自己穿……的服装，把某人/自己装扮成……
get dressed 穿衣服
易混辨析
put on穿上，戴上(强调动作)
wear穿着；戴着；佩着(强调状态，不但可指“穿衣”，还可以指“穿”鞋、袜或“戴”帽、手套，甚至眼镜、手表、首饰等)
be in穿……(强调状态，多跟表示颜色的词)
have...on穿着，戴着(表示状态)
dress 穿(宾语是人)
即学即用
单句语法填空
①At Christmas, he dressed up as Santa Claus and gave out gifts to children.
②The girl next to you is dressed (dress) in blue.
一句多译
她通常穿红色的衣服，这使她看起来更有活力。
③She is usually dressed in red；which makes her look more energetic.(dress；定语从句)
④She is usually wearing red clothes; making her look more energetic.(wear；分词作状语)
2．congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜
教材原句
receive congratulations from...(P2)收到……的祝贺
词块必记
(1)Congratulations! 恭喜/祝贺！(常以复数形式出现，用以向某人祝贺)
offer/send congratulations to sb.(on sth.)(为某事)向某人表示祝贺
express/accept one’s congratulations表达/接受某人的祝贺
(2)congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪
congratulate sb. on/upon(doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺
易混辨析
congratulate，celebrate
congratulate
“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.
celebrate
举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语
即学即用
单句语法填空
① Congratulations (congratulate) to the China women’s volleyball team on their victory in the Olympic Games!
②I send congratulations to you on having chosen a good woman to be your wife.
一句多译
我愿意祝贺你在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
③I would like to express my congratulations to you on your winning first prize in the Chinese speech contest. (congratulation)
④I would like to congratulate you on your winning first prize in the Chinese speech contest.(congratulate)
3．after all毕竟；别忘了
教材原句
I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting. After all, as you know，I love to dance！(P3)
我认为里约狂欢节会是最令人兴奋的。毕竟，你知道我爱跳舞！
词块必记
at all 根本；完全
not at all一点也不
in all 总共，共计
above all 首先，最重要的是(强调诸多事物中最重要的)
first of all 首先(强调次序)
all in all 总的来说
即学即用
用含all的短语填空
①Children should learn above all how to observe good manners at table.
②There are more than 2,000 workers in all in the factory.
③Being misunderstood by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
④Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem after all .
4．range n．一系列；范围、界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
教材原句
They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. (P4)
节日的由来五花八门，比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
词块必记
(1)a wide range of 一系列……
beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外
in/within the/one’s range(of...)在……可及的范围内
out of/beyond(one’s) range (of...)超出(……的)范围
(2)range from...to... 在……范围内变动
range between...and...在……和……范围内变动
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The supermarket keeps a wide range of goods.Their prices range from just only a few yuan to several hundred yuan.
②She has had a number of different jobs, ranging (range)from chef to swimming instructor.
③The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.
④When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed limit.
5．figure n．人物；数字；身材；画像；人影vt.认为；认定；计算；理解
教材原句
They have a wide range of origins，such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events.(P4)
节日的由来五花八门，比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
词块必记
(1)keep one’s figure保持体形
(2)figure out理解；解决
figure sth. in将某事物包括在内/计算在内
即学即用
写出下列句中figure的词性和含义
①She is dieting to keep her figure although she is slim. 　n．身材　
②Can you read this figure? Is it a three or an eight? 　n．数字　
③He was one of the great figures of his age. 　n．人物　
④I can’t figure out why she said so. 　v．理解　
6．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
教材原句
Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time.(P4)
风俗习惯在节日中起着重要的作用，但有时会随着时间的推移而变化。
词块必记
(1)It is significant that...(＝significantly)……很重要
be very significant＝be of great significance有重大意义
(2)significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
be of little/no significance不太重要/不重要
(3)significantly adv.重大地，明显地，显著地；意味深长地；含义深远地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The most significant (significance) thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.
②Most students think it important to join the English Corner, though a few haven’t realized the significance (significant) of it.
一句多译
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大意义。
③The new drug is very significant for the treatment of the disease.
④The new drug is of great significance for the treatment of the disease.
7．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的
教材原句
One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. (P4)
中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱恶鬼、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。
词块必记
(1) be typical of...是……特有的，是……的特点
It is typical of sb. to do sth.某人一向……；某人有做某事的习惯
(2) typically adv.典型地；一般地
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It is typical of thousands of young teachers to quit (quit) their jobs in search of more well-paid work.
②It’s about a Chinese romantic story, typical of Chinese culture.
③His day typically (typical) begins with a call from some media house，asking for the latest photograph of the Hukou Waterfall.
8.reflect v．显示；反映；反射；思考
教材原句
They reflect people’s wishes，beliefs，faiths and attitudes towards life.(P5)
它们反映了人们的愿望、信念、信仰和对生活的态度。
词块必记
(1)be reflected in sth. 倒映在；在……中看到
reflect on/upon...认真思考/沉思……
reflect that/wh-从句 认真思考/沉思……
(2)reflection n．反射；映像；沉思，深思
reflective adj.(指物体表面)反射热的，反光的；沉思的
巧学妙记

即学即用
单句语法填空
①Qian Xuesen’s strong love for his country is reflected (reflect) in his devotion to physics.
②I’m sitting in the small yard，reflecting on/upon the plan.
③Hearing the news, he was lost in reflection (reflect)．
句式升级
④There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon which is reflected in the picture.
→There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon reflected in the picture.(过去分词短语作定语)
9．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
教材原句
They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.(P5)
这些场合让我们放松和享受生活，暂时忘记工作。
词块必记
(1)on this/that occasion 这/那次
on occasion偶尔，有时
on no occasion决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)occasional adj.偶尔的，偶然的
(3)occasionally adv.有时，偶尔
即学即用
单句语法填空
① On this occasion，he got a chance to go backstage to meet the actors.
②Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
③He made occasional (occasion) visits to the cinema.
④As he worked in a remote area，he visited his parents only occasionally (occasion)．
句式升级
⑤You should not try to cheat others on any occasion!
→ On no occasion should you try to cheat others！(倒装句)
10．represent vt.象征；代表；相当于
教材原句
Naadam means “games” in Mongolian，and it is represented by three events：horse racing，wrestling，and archery，which are all so exciting to watch！(P8)
那达慕在蒙古语中是“游戏”的意思，它有三个项目：赛马、摔跤和射箭，这三个项目都很令人兴奋！
词块必记
(1)represent sb./sth. as/to be...宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明(传达)某事
(2)represent sb.＝on behalf of sb. 代表某人
(3)representative n. 代表
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①They represented their concern for the safety of these children to the authorities.
②In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the HaiHe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。
③ Representing our school ， I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game. (represent)
④ On behalf of our school ，I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game. (behalf)
11.set off出发；动身；启程；引爆(炸弹)；拉响(警报等)；引发；激起；触发
教材原句
On the first day, I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.(P8)
第一天，我和我的朋友布林很早就出发去看比赛了。
词块必记
set out (to do)动身；起程；开始做……
set about (doing)着手做……
set aside留出；对……置之不理
set down写下；记下
set up建立；创立；安排
即学即用
写出下列句中set off的含义
①Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home. 出发；动身
②If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
触发
③Hong Kong’s stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis.
引起
④On New Year’s Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited. 使……爆炸
12．respect n. & vt.尊敬；尊重
教材原句
It is a day for people in China to show respect to seniors.(P10)
在中国，这是一个尊敬老人的日子。
词块必记
(1)respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊重某人
(2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人
give/send one’s respects to sb.向某人表示敬意
out of respect (for...)出于(对……的)尊敬
(3)respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectable adj. 可敬的；体面的
名师点津
respect 表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The children in our family are always respectful (respect) to their elders.
②The moment you meet your parents，please give my respects (respect) to them.
③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice，out of respect for farmers’ labor.
完成句子
④人们尊敬张桂梅，因为她致力于帮助山区女孩们接受更好的教育。
People respect Zhang Guimei for her devotion to helping girls in the mountains receive better education.
⑤作为中学生，我们应该尊敬父母。
As middle school students, we should show/have respect for our parents.
典型句式精析
make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb./sth.) to do sth.
教材原句
Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.(P5)
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易花更多的钱为他们心爱的人买礼物。
考点必记
在make it＋adj./n.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
“v.＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”结构可总结为“6123结构”：
“6” 指常用的动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel；
“1” 指形式宾语 it；
“2” 指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词；
“3” 指真正的宾语的三种常见形式：动词不定式、动名词和从句。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The little boy found it a pleasure to help his mother with the housework.
②I have made it clear that tomorrow’s meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow because of the bad weather.
③I feel it no use quarreling (quarrel)with him about it.
④It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt (adapt)to the new environment abroad.
一句多译
我能够理解为什么宇航员觉得重新适应地球上的生活不容易了。
⑤I can understand why astronauts find it difficult to readjust to life on earth.(it 作形式宾语)
⑥I can understand why astronauts find that it is difficult to readjust to life on earth.(that引导宾语从句)

课后巩固运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Through their work, the children develop concentration and joyful (joy) self-discipline.
2．They wanted to build friendships with people，regardless of race or religion (religious)．
3．After many years of hard work，they finally achieved their original (origin) goal.
4．Dams can be built to store water for agricultural (agriculture) use in dry areas and dry seasons.
5．In a sense，they are spending a significant (significance) amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
6. Typically (typical)，she had forgotten her keys again.
7．We commercialised (commercial) the Internet in our first digital production press one year ago.
8．It was my belief (believe) that if I pushed you as hard as I could，some of you would succeed.
9．Please accept my congratulations (congratulate) upon your success.
10．When I went by, I saw many soldiers marching (march) up and down the street.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我不知道该怎么办。(figure out)
I didn’t figure out how to do it .
2．贵方若能在三日之内结清账款，我们将不胜感激。(grateful)
We should be grateful if you could settle your account within the next three days.
3．她这人就是爱忘事。(typical)
It was typical of her to forget .
4．每当我想起我在家里度过的那些日子，我都禁不住感到高兴。(reflect)
Whenever I reflect on/upon those days I spent at home, I can’t help feeling happy.
5．如果你过于轻信，其他人就会打你的主意。(take advantage of)
If you’re too trusting，other people will take advantage of you .
6．她这么做是出于对老师的尊敬。(respect)
She did it out of respect for her teacher .
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
As we all know，festivals 1. are celebrated (celebrate) all around the world and they have 2. a wide range of origins，such as the seasons of the year，religions，famous 3. figures (figure)，and important events.Of all the 4. traditional (tradition) festivals，the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture.People celebrate 5. to show (show) that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.Customs play a significant role in festivals，but sometimes they can change over time.With the 6. development (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas，some traditions may fade 7. away and others may be established.Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses 8. taking (take) advantage of the celebrations.Festivals reflect people’s wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.And if you study festivals 9. carefully (careful)，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot 10. in common after all.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，根据中国春节的传统，春节前要装饰房间，根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文。
内容如下：1.你跟奶奶学做剪纸；
2．装饰房间；
3．表达你对民间剪纸文化的观点。
On February 2nd，I went to visit my grandma.Entering the room, I found the room 1. decorated with red Chinese lanterns (装饰着红色的中国灯笼)and she was busy making paper cuts 2. with the New Year Day approaching (随着新年的来临)．
Attracted by her delicate works, I couldn’t wait to have a try.With her patient instruction, I learnt the basic steps and skills of making paper cuts.Soon my creations were “born”．Then eagerly，we put them up.With different designs on the windows，such as a pig and the Chinese character “Fu”，our room was filled with 3. a festival atmosphere (节日气氛)．Besides，I gave some of our paper cuts to our neighbors, who 4. were very grateful to receive them (收到它们表示非常感谢)．I felt proud when seeing their smiles.
Paper cutting is the precious treasure of China so it should be passed on.
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
(主题语境：人与社会——道德与美德)

课前自主预习
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1. precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
2. fee n．专业服务费；报酬
3. scholarship n．奖学金
4. hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
5. decade n．十年；十年期
6. elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
7. staff n．员工；全体职员
8. saving n．节省物；节省；节约 [pl.]储蓄金；存款
9. kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
10. principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
11. passive adj.被动的；顺从的
12. midnight n．子夜；午夜
13. import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
14. export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
15. pole n．(行星的)极；地极
16. lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
17. chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长
18. tear n．眼泪；泪水
19. court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
20. flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的
21. income n．收入；收益
22. therefore adv.因此；所以
23. tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意
2．virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．union n. 协会；联合会；工会
4．colleague n. 同事；同僚
5．insurance n. 保险；保险业
6．whisper vi.& vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
7．lip n. 嘴唇
8．chain n. 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
9．café n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆
10．pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的
11.despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望
12．might n. 力量；威力
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图→ illustration n．图表，插图；图解；图示
2．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→ marry v．结婚；娶；嫁→ married adj.已婚的
3．majority n．大部分；大多数→ major adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→ minority n．少数民族；少数
4．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→ complaint n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉
5．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→ response n．反应；回答；回复
6．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生→ physicist n．物理学家→ physical adj.身体的；物理的→ physics n．物理学
7．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→ rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
8．appoint vt.任命；委派→ appointment n．任命；委派
9．clinic n．诊所；门诊部→ clinical adj.临床的； 临床诊断的
10．elect vt.选举；推选→ election n．选举；推选；当选→ elector n．选举人
11．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→ tendency n．趋势；倾向
12．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版→ publisher n．出版人(或机构)
13．retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→ retirement n．退休→ retired adj.退休的
14．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→ scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ scary adj.引起恐慌的
15．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→ sharpen v．使变锋利
16．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→ energy n．精力；力量；能源
17．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→ replacement n．替换；更换；替代品
18．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→ accidental adj.意外的；偶然的
19．operation n．手术；企业；经营→ operate v．操作；动手术→ operator n．操作人员； 接线员
20．bite vt.& vi.咬；叮；蛰 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤→ bit (过去式)→ bitten (过去分词)
21．assist vt.帮助；援助→ assistance n．帮助，援助→ assistant n．助手；助理
22．memory n．记忆力；回忆→ memorize v．记忆；记住
23．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→ harmful adj.有害的→ harmless adj.无害的
1.(2021·1月浙江卷) The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer hired (hire)to work in his field.
2．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades (decade) to decimate a large part of these resources.
3．(2020·山东卷) Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles (principle) you must master.
4．(2021·1月浙江卷) But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears (tear) and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion(核聚变)．
5．(2020·全国卷II)Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally (moral) acceptable.
6．(2020·全国卷II)Sending smiling faces to colleagues (colleague) may seem strange.
7．(2020·山东卷) Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.However, the majority (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
8．(2020·江苏卷)Some people—and I was one of them—believe that humorous complaints (complain) about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case.
9．(2021·浙江卷) A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response(respond)．
10．(2021·全国乙卷) These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep (keep) stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower.
11．(2021·全国甲卷)A study recently published (publish)by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.”
12.(2020·浙江卷)Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired (retire) workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.
13．(2020·全国卷III)The play is set on a big storm after midnight, on the raft down the river navigation, we see a steamboat that is going to sink.We saved a scared (scare) boy.
14．(2020·浙江卷)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp (sharply) as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
15．(2020·江苏卷)Humor can make one energetic (energy) in his work, study, and life.
16．(2020·全国卷I)“We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace (replace) functions of the things that we use every day，”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
17．(2020·全国卷II)Using baskets and ladders, we first picked the ones that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft.I couldn’t wait to take a bite, and the sweet juice went down my throat.
18．(2020·全国卷I)It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant (assist) professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
19．(2020·浙江卷)There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more.They’re all memories (memory) I treasure today.
20．(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage (marry)ceremony in 1842.
21．(2021·全国新高考I卷)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful(harm).
联想积累：
1．“动词＋－ant”名词全接触
①participate→participant　　 参与者
②serve→servant 仆人
③assist→assistant 助手
④account→accountant 会计
⑤apply→applicant 申请者
⑥excite→excitant 兴奋剂
2．“说”之种种
①insist v．　　　　 坚持说
②joke v． 开玩笑地说
③add v. 继续说
④complain v. 抱怨说
⑤whisper v. 低声说
⑥murmur v. 小声说，抱怨说
3．“费用”都要考虑到
①fare 车费
②expense 花费
③charge 费用；价钱
④fine 罚款
⑤fee 费用；酬金
⑥tip 小费
Ⅱ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1. carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2. tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3. get in trouble 陷入困境；遇到麻烦
4. instead of 代替；而不是
5. would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
6. graduate from 从……毕业
7. in need of 需要
8. care for 照看；喜欢
9. be responsible for 对……负责
10. treat...as... 把……当作
11. of one’s own 属于某人自己的
12. first aid 急救
13. pass away 去世
14. in memory of 作为对……的纪念
15. trip over 被……绊倒
16. in tears 流着泪；含着泪
17. in despair 处于绝望中
18. a great deal(of) 大量
1.(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
2．(2021·3月天津卷) The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis(催眠) instead of general anesthesia(麻醉)．
3．(2020·浙江卷)I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.
4．(2020·山东卷) 50 Honorable Mentions：Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
5．(2020·山东卷) Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help.
联想积累：
1．“许多；大量”短语集锦
①plenty of
② a great many
③a large number of
④a great/good deal of
⑤a large quantity of/large quantities of
2．常见的“in＋抽象名词”短语
①in danger　　 　　 处于危险之中
②in silence 沉默地
③in surprise/shock 吃惊地
④in tears 流着泪；含着泪
⑤in despair 处于绝望中
3．“v.＋for”短语荟萃
①care for 关心；喜欢
②seek for 寻找；追求
③long for 渴望；向往
④call for 要求；需要
⑤stand for 代表；支持
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...”结构
To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired?
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？(教材P16)
2．the＋序数词＋(n.)＋to do结构
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她很快成为第一个被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。(教材P16)
3．having done... 在句中作状语
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“万婴之母”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。(教材P17)
4．neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从大路上挪开。(教材P20)
5．had been doing过去完成进行时
She had been working all day and was very tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。(教材P20)
1.(2020·天津卷)不管你怎么开始，记住没有比现在更好的开始时间了，因为你永远不会比现在更有活力。
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now ， for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
2．(2020·山东卷) 当詹妮弗从威斯康星大学奥克莱尔分校毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，这种意志力产生了结果。
That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
3．(2020·浙江卷)拖拉机正靠在高速公路中央隔离带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿越了车流湍急的繁忙道路。
The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the busy road with fast-flowing traffic.
4．(2021·浙江卷) 虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不被称为园丁。一位长期邻居说，他们从来没有种过树，只养了一年的花园。
Although Mary loved flowers， neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year.
5．(2021·3月天津卷) 当我收拾烂摊子时，我想知道为什么我们这几个月来要打破这么多东西。
As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.

课堂考点突破
重点词汇精讲
1．majority n．大部分；大多数
教材原句
At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine.(P16)
18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医学。
词块必记
(1)the majority of...大多数的……
be in a/the majority占多数；过半数
(2)major adj.较大的；较多的；主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课
major in 主修……；以……为专业
(3)minority n. 少数
in the minority 占少数
名师点津
(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
(2)“the/a majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①If you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority (major) is over the age of fifty.
②The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.
③As a graduate majoring (major) in the English language，I feel excited to write this letter for the position.
④People taking subway to work are in the majority.
完成句子
⑤上周大多数接受采访的人都说他们喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
The majority of people interviewed last week said they preferred TV to radio.
2．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应
教材原句
She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”(P16)
她回答说：“我宁愿单身一辈子去学习！”
词块必记
(1)respond to...回应……；对……做出反应
(2)response n．反应；回答；回复
in response to响应；反应(通常作状语)
make(no) response to对……(不)做出反应/回答
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
②My mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside.
一句多译
她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。
③She responded to my letter with a phone call.
④She made a response to my letter with a phone call.
3．appoint vt.任命；委派
教材原句
In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB－GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...(P16)
1941年，林博士成为第一个被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性……
词块必记
(1)appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人(某职位)
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n．任命；约会；约定
make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约
keep/break an appointment守约/违约
(3)appointed adj.约定的；指定的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.
②(2018·北京卷) Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment (appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
句式升级
③He was appointed as headmaster of the school. He spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
→ Appointed as headmaster of the school ， he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.(分词作状语)
4．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
教材原句
She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctor.(P17)
她更感兴趣的是照顾病人、发表关于照顾妇女和儿童的医学研究，以及培训下一代医生。
词块必记
(1)tend sb./sth. 照料/照看某人/某物
tend to do sth. 易于做某事
tend to/toward(s)sth. 倾向于……，有……的趋势
(2)tendency n．倾向，趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向
即学即用
单句语法填空
①A team of medical workers were sent to tend to the survivors of the earthquake.
②Many people tend to talk (talk) about traditions without knowing what they really are.
③Using a laptop increased the tendency (tend) to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.
④The English seasons and climate tend towards/to extremes.
一句多译
据报道房价在某些城市有下降的趋势。
⑤It is reported that housing prices tend to decrease in some cities.(tend)
⑥It is reported that housing prices have a tendency to decrease in some cities.(tendency)
5．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
教材原句
She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.(P17)
面试时她吓坏了，以至于完全忘了该怎么回答这些问题。
词块必记
(1)be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared that...害怕……
be scared to death 吓得要死
(2)scare vt.使恐惧，惊吓
scare...away/off把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事
It scares sb. to do sth.做某事使某人感到害怕
(3)scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Most of us are eager for success and scared of failure.
②The poor girl was so scared (scare) that she nearly burst into tears.
③He was scared to death (die) on seeing the terrifying scene.
6．replace vi.接替；取代；更换
教材原句
The student union will hold a meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. (P17)
学生会将在一月份举行一次会议，选举一个人接替秘书。
词块必记
(1)replace...with/by...用……替换……
replace...as...取代……而成为……
(2)in place of代替
take the place of＝take one’s place 代替；替代
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class.
②She can’t attend the meeting，so her assistant will take the place of her.
③Now that these basics were in place，I was ready to go all out to carry out the plan.
一句多译
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
④Our monitor will take the place of/replace our head teacher to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace)
⑤Our monitor will attend the meeting in place of our head teacher .(in place of)
⑥Our monitor will take our head teacher’s place to attend the meeting.(take one’s place)
7．assist vt. 帮助；援助
教材原句
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(P18)
尽管处境艰难，白求恩医生仍尽他所能帮助中国人民。
词块必记
(1)assist(sb.) with/in sth.帮助(某人)某事
assist (sb.) in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n．帮助；援助
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n．助手；助理
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The guide managed to assist the tourists to find (find) somewhere to live during the journey.
②With the assistance (assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
③Mary was chosen as an assistant (assist) to help Mr. Brown finish his research.
④In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist my mother with/in the housework.
一句多译
当我遇到困难时，他来帮助我。
⑤When I meet with difficulties, he always comes to assist me.
⑥When I meet with difficulties, he always comes to my assistance .
8．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害
教材原句
Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbour from harm？(P20)
在这个村子里难道没有人感到有责任保护他们的邻居免受伤害吗？
词块必记
(1)do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.伤害某人；对某人伤害
There is no harm in doing...做……没有害处
(2)harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的
be harmful to...对……有害
(3)harmless adj.无害的
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As we all know，smoking is harmful (harm) to health.
②Staring at the screen of the computer will do harm to your eyes.
③There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.
一句多译
如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。
④If used improperly, the medicine will do you harm .
⑤If used improperly, the medicine will be harmful to/do harm to you.
典型句式精析
1．“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...”结构
教材原句
To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired？(P16)
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？
词块必记
句中nothing is more precious than...为“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...”结构，此处用比较级结构表示最高级的含义。
名师点津
最高级意义的多种表达法：
(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(3)比较级＋than＋
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a more exciting (exciting) one before.
②Canada has more fresh water than any of the other countries in the world.
完成句子
③对那个老人来说，没有什么比家人更重要。
To the old man, nothing is more important than his family.
④直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
⑤多么有趣的小说啊！我从来没看过比这更感人的小说。
What an interesting novel! I have never read a more moving one.
2．the＋序数词＋n.＋to do结构
教材原句
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(P16)
她很快成为第一个被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。
考点必记
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next，the only，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety，answer, reply, attempt，belief等。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He is always the first to answer (answer) questions.
②As far as I know, Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident.
③The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
完成句子
④我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
3．neither...nor既不……也不……
教材原句
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从马路上挪开。(P20)
名师点津
句中Neither...nor...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，可以连接两个相同的成分，其肯定形式为both...and...。
neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，为并列连词词组，可以连接两个相同的句子成分(如两个主语、宾语、表语、谓语、状语)。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，谓语动词和靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or...不是……就是……
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
not...but...不是……而是……
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
②I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
③Neither the sisters nor Tom likes (like) to play the violin.
句式升级
④The teacher is not content with the result. The students arenot content with the result.
→ Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.

课后巩固运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Doctors performed an emergency operation (operate) on the injured boy last night.
2．Judging from the response (respond) of the audience，the performance was quite a success.
3．Aimed at young children, this energetic (energy) magazine promises to enrich the lives of families.
4．The inventors told the people around that the material becomes flexible (flexibility) when wet.
5．China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries recognising (recognise) its role in international affairs.
6．The opening ceremony of the Youth Olympic Games made a deep impression (impress) on the audience all over the world.
7．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
8．I am now writing to make a complaint (complain) against the service of your hotel.
9．I was too scared (scare) to go into the water even though they tried to persuade me several times.
10．The old professor settled in a beautiful mountain village and had a happy life after he retired (retire)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她长得很美，跑得比希腊的任何男人都快。(副词比较级＋than)
She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.
2．牢固的关系帮助他们度过了艰难岁月。(carry...through)
The strength of their relationship carried them through difficult times .
3．他每天总是第一个到达教室。(the first...to do)
He is always the first one to get to the classroom every day.
4．为了纪念祖国70岁生日举办了大型集会。(memory)
A great assembly was held in memory of the 70th birthday of our country.
5．听取他们的建议是无害的，但你要设定自己的目标。(There is no harm in/It does no harm to)
There is no harm in taking/It does no harm to take their advice ，but you should set your own goals.
6．她听到那个消息后眼泪夺眶而出。(respond)
She responded to the news by bursting into tears.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When she was five years old，Lin Qiaozhi was 1. deeply (deep) affected by her mother’s 2. death (dead)．At age 18，she chose to study medicine.Eight years later，Lin 3. graduated (graduate) from Peking Union Medical College and immediately became the first woman ever 4. to be hired (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.In 1941，the department was closed because 5. of the war. 6. Thinking (think) of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened 7. a private clinic.She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.In 1954，she 8. was elected (elect) to the first National People’s Congress.Dr Lin did not retire 9. till/until the day she died,22 April 1983.Since she had no children of her own，she left her 10. savings (save) to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
今天是国际妇女节。英语课上老师要求你用英文介绍一名对你有深刻影响的女性。要点如下：
1．她对你的影响；2.你想对她说的话。
Today is International Women’s Day. I’d like to introduce to you a woman who has a positive effect on me. The great woman is my mother. Since my childhood，she has been teaching me that I should 1. be responsible for (对……负责) what I do in life.Not only does my mom work hard at work，but she also 2. cares for (关心) my father and me in life.She seldom 3. complains about/of (抱怨)how hard her life is.Faced with difficulty or trouble, she 4. tends to carry on (往往会坚持下去)．What I learn from her will never be forgotten.
Here, I really want to say something to my dear mother.I’ve grown up and I’m able to share what happens in life with her，no matter how tough it is.As a student, I’ve made up my mind to study harder 5. with the teachers’ assistance (在老师的帮助下)．
Best wishes to my mom and all of you!
Thank you!
UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES
(主题语境：人与社会——多元文化)

课前自主预习
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1. downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心
2. district n．地区；区域
3. seek vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
4. earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
5. china n．瓷；瓷器
6. jazz n．爵士乐
7. bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
8. diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图
9. claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
10. series n．一系列；连续；接连
11. escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
12. Atlantic adj.大西洋的
13. super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的
14. climate n．气候
15. material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．chip n. (英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯条；芯片；碎片
2．cheese n. 干酪；奶酪
3．mission n. 传教(区)；重要任务；使命
4．comic n. 连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的
5．afterwards adv. 以后；后来
6．jeans n. 牛仔裤
7．boot n. 靴子
8．mushroom n. 蘑菇；蕈
9．percentage n. 百分率；百分比
10．item n. 项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→ diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→ admission
n．允许进入；入场费；承认
3．definitely adv.肯定；确实→ definite adj.肯定的； 确定的
4．occur vi.发生；出现→ occurred (过去式/过去分词) → occurring (现在分词)
5.historical adj.(有关)历史的→ history n．历史→ historian n．历史学家
6．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→ selective adj.有选择性的→ selection n．选择；挑选；选拔
7．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物→ journalist n．记者
8．financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→ finance n．资金；财政；金融
9．poetry n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→ poem n．诗；诗歌→ poet n．诗人
10．poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害→ poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
11．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→ unfold v．展开
12．collection n．作品集；收集物；收藏品→ collect v．收集； 采集
13．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的→ mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
14．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→ settlement n．和解；协议；安顿；定居点→ settler n．移民；殖民者
15．construction n．建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→ construct vt.建造；建设
16．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装→ suitable adj.合适的；适当的
17．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→ container n．容器
18．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的→ neatly adv.整洁地；干净地
1.(2019·江苏卷)The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
2．(2021·全国新高考I卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned (earn) and respect those who did the work, he told me.
3．(2020·天津卷)Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries to escape (escape)．And the officer can’t let him get away.He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground.
4．(2019·天津卷)A committee of teachers will evaluate materials (material) and give opinions.Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.
5．(2021·3月天津卷) We need people who can work at our warehouse (仓库)sorting and packing items (item) to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more.
6．(2021·3月天津卷) For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted (admit) that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.
7．(2020·天津卷)For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely (definite) making noise.
8．(2020·全国卷III)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred (occur) billions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
9．(2020·山东卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical (history) insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
10．(2021·全国甲卷)A successful swap depends on the selection (select) of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do！
11.(2020·浙江卷)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
12．(2021·3月天津卷) The doctor who is also a poet (poem) and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
13．(2021·全国乙卷) For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected (collect) more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
14．(2020·山东卷)At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement (settle) is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town.
15．(2020·全国卷I)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed (construct)．”
16．(2020·全国卷I)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains (contain), could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
联想积累：
1．以-ible 结尾的形容词
①horrible　　　 令人讨厌的
②terrible 可怕的
③accessible 易接近的
④sensible 明智的
⑤flexible 可弯曲的
⑥digestible 容易消化的
2．一切皆有“可能”
①likely 可能的
②possible 可能的
③probable 很可能的
④perhaps 可能，大概
⑤maybe 也许，大概
⑥possibility 可能；可能性
3．“v.＋-ant”名词全接触
①participant 参与者
②servant 仆人
③assistant 助手
④accountant 会计
⑤inhabitant 居民
⑥immigrant 移民，侨民
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1. exist in 存在于．..
2. in addition 另外；此外
3. head to (朝)…… 前进；(向……)去
4. seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
5. earn a living 谋生
6. series of 一系列或一连串(事件)
7. apart from 除了……外(还)；此外
8. be made of 由……制成
9. be home to 是……所在地/栖息地，是……的家园
10. be able to do sth. 能够/会做某事
11. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
12. bring about 导致；引起
13. to name but a few 仅举几例
14. (at) first hand 第一手；亲自
15. depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
16. turn into (使)变成；(使)成为
17. such as 诸如；例如
18. varieties of 各种各样的
1.(2021·全国甲卷)As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
2．(2021·1月浙江卷) “There’s something about me, ” he thought—and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
3．(2020·江苏卷)But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
4．(2020·天津卷)This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.
5．(2021·1月浙江卷) You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
联想积累：
1．“除……之外”大集合
①apart from
②except for
③other than
④aside from
⑤in addition to
2．“举例”知多少
①to name but a few 　 仅举几例
②for example 例如
③such as 例如
④that is to say 也就是说
⑤for instance 例如
3．“动词＋to”短语
①refer to 指的是；谈到；提到
②stick to 坚持
③lead to 通向；导致
④contribute to 捐献；导致
⑤appeal to 有吸引力，有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.过去分词短语作后置定语
In fact，an art movement called the “Mission School” started here.
事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。(P28)
2．what引导名词性从句
What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
这里最初是中国移民的居住区，后来变成了中国文化的中心。(P32)
3．many of whom 引导定语从句
The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.
唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。(P32)
4．where引导定语从句
All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found，too，and there are Chinese tea stores，where visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。(P32)
1.(2021·全国乙卷) 雕塑由从几个志愿者海滩清理中收集的168,000根塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市的Estella Place购物中心。
Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected (collect) from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
2．(2019·浙江卷)布里奇斯说：“对于那些付出最多的人，我可以说的是，他们充满了微笑。你会有一种感觉，付出可以为你带来好处，这在那些付出最多的人身上表现得很明显。”
“What is I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said.“There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.”
3．(2021·全国新高考I卷) 我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角，从中研究人们如何管理自己的生活。
It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
4．(2021·1月浙江卷) 她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个沟通系统，他们故意向另一个群体成员发送信息。
Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.

课堂考点突破
重点词汇精讲
1．admit vi.& vt.承认 vi.准许进入(或加入)；容纳
教材原句
I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(P28)
我不得不承认，再次回到这个城市的确感觉很好。
词块必记
(1)admit(doing/having done) sth. 承认(做过)某事
admit that...承认……
be admitted to/into...被录取；被接纳；被允许进入……
be admitted as...作为……被接受
(2)admission n．进入；入场费；承认
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I must learn as much as I can to be admitted to/into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself well enough for the job of a doctor.
②She apologised to me and admitted taking/having taken (take) my umbrella by mistake.
写出下列句中admit的含义
③I don’t really like the author，although I have to admit his books are very exciting.
承认
④Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium admits visitors from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm.
准许进入
⑤The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.
容纳
2．occur vi.发生；出现
教材原句
And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(P28)
多么好的一座城市啊，一座在1906年地震后能够自我重建的城市。
词块必记
sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Years ago, a critical event occurred (occur) in my life that would change it forever.
② It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
③For many people，the idea of inheriting cultural legacy has never occurred to them.
句式升级
④When I got home, I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.
→When I got home, it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom.
3．seek vt. (sought；sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
教材原句
Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city.(P28)
来自世界各地的30多万人前来淘金，旧金山很快就成了一座大城市。
词块必记
seek to do sth. 试图做某事
seek (for/after) sth.寻找/追求……
seek out 挑选/找出
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界；碰运气
即学即用
单句语法填空
①If you have any questions，you can seek help from your teammates.
②Many people in their lifetime avoid or do not even seek to find (find) the answer to that question.
完成句子
③你忙于做作业，做运动，交朋友，追求梦想。
You are busy doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams .
④我们怎样才能找到一个真正适合的人来做这项工作？
How can we seek out a really good person for the job?
4．earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得
教材原句
To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.(P28)
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
词块必记
earn money＝make money赚钱
earn a/one’s living＝make a/one’s living谋生；维持生活
earn a reputation赢得美名
(2)earnings n．所得；收入；工资
即学即用
完成句子
①他虽然年轻，却在一家大公司挣得一份不错的薪水。
Young as he is，he earns a good salary in a big company.
②乐队渴望有一份稳定的收入并能成功，但首先他们不得不给路人演奏来赚取额外的钱。
The band longed to have a secure income and succeed, but first they had to play to passers-by to earn extra money.
③他年轻时靠卖报谋生。
He earned/made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.
5.apart from 除了……外(还)；此外
教材原句
Apart from being the kingdom of flowers，it is home to many ethnic minority groups.(P29)
除了是花的王国以外，它(云南)还是许多少数民族的居住地。
易混辨析
apart from
既可以表示besides的含义，也可以表示except或except for的含义
besides
“除了……之外还有……”，除去的东西包括在范围内，相当于in addition to/as well as
except
“除了……之外”，指从同类的人或物中排除
except for
表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况
即学即用
完成句子
①游泳，除了有趣和锻炼身体之外，还是一项很有用的技能。 Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
②除了一些拼写错误，这篇文章写得很不错。
Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
用besides，except或except for代替下列句中的apart from
③The road was empty apart from a few cars. except for
④Will there be anyone else we know at the party apart from Will and Janet? besides
⑤You can have any one of the cakes apart from this one. except
6．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
教材原句
After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best district of China to escape the cold winter.(P29)
在参观了云南南部之后，我不得不承认这是中国最适合躲避寒冬的地方。
词块必记
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from从……逃脱；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
fire escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
名师点津
(1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思，后面不需加away或off等。
(2)escape意为“被……遗忘；没有被……注意到”时，用sth. escape sb.结构表示，而不是用sb. escape sth.结构。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.
②How will we know if there’s any gas escaping (escape)?
③Mike often attempts to escape being fined (fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
④Believe it or not，I had a narrow escape.
完成句子
⑤一个小孔能让烟从顶部冒出来。
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top.
7．bring about 引起；导致
教材原句
What do you think brought about the cultural diversity? (P29)
你认为是什么导致了文化多样性？
词块必记
bring forward 提前
bring back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring down使……降低；使……倒下
bring in引入；赚得；挣得
bring out显现出；使发挥
bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
即学即用
用适当的介副词填空
①Recent changes in the Internet will help bring about overall improvements.
②Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
③The government is trying to bring down the housing price now.
④The meeting has been brought forward from 3 May to 1 May.
8．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
教材原句
Historically，Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.(P32)
历史上，在铁路建设和淘金热时期，中国移民在这里定居下来。
词块必记
(1)settle in/settle into sth. 适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle down 定居；平静下来
settle down to (doing) sth. 着手认真做某事
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
settlement n. 解决；协议
即学即用
单句语法填空
①People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
②Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down ，get married，and have kids.
③The trial period was over，and I could settle down to building (build) a closer contact with the apes.
④With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle)，I won’t come to the party this evening.
⑤It is said that the first settlers (settle) of this country are prisoners.
⑥We look forward to your settlement (settle) at an early date.
9．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服，套装
教材原句
There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste，with traditional dishes from all over China.(P32)
这里有适合每个人口味的中餐，因为有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。
词块必记
(1)a suit of 一套……
suit...to... 使……适合……
suit sb. (fine) 合某人的意；对某人很合适
(2)suitable adj.适合的；适宜的；相配的
be suitable for...适合于……
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
易混辨析
suit
多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等
match
多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配
fit
多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”
即学即用
单句语法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②The simplicity of the book makes it suitable (suit) for children.
③The famous expert adapted his speech to suit (suit) the interests of his audience.
④I want a suit of workmanship and suitable for formal meetings.
选词填空：suit/match/fit
⑤The size of the shirt fits me well and its color matches my tie，so it suits me.
10．contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳
教材原句
Does the city/town introduction contain all the important information? (P33)
这个城市/城镇介绍中包含所有重要信息吗？
词块必记
(1)contain oneself克制自己
(2)container n．容器；集装箱；货柜
易混辨析
contain，include
contain
“包含”，侧重于整体内有，指在某一范围或整体内容纳某物
include
“包含”，侧重于被包含，只是整体的一部分。including为介词，放在被包含的事物之前；included为形容词，放在被包含的名词之后
即学即用
选词填空：contain/include
①Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin.
②Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to know what it contained .
③The box contains a number of letters, including those from her admirers and of course her husband’s letter included as well.
用所给词的适当形式填空
④He could not contain himself (him) for anger on hearing this.
⑤Please pour some more water into the container (contain)．
典型句式精析
1．what引导名词性从句
教材原句
What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
这里最初是中国移民的居住区，后来变成了中国文化的中心。(P32)
考点必记
(1)句中What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants为what引导的主语从句。
(2)what可引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。what意为“……的地方；……的东西”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
②(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.
③I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
④Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
⑤ What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
完成句子
⑥他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。
He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
⑦他正在做的事情引起了我们的注意。
What he is doing draws our attention.
2．many of whom 引导定语从句
教材原句
The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.(P32)
唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。
考点必记
“不定代词/数词/名词＋of＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句还有：
(1)one/two/several/most/each/all...＋ of which/whom...
(2)the＋名词＋of which
(3)关系代词：指人时用whom，指物时用which
即学即用
用适当的介词填空
①Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting for an hour.
②Last Saturday, I went to a birthday party, in which I met a foreigner named Jim.
③The man to/with whom you talked just now is our manager.
④I will remember the day forever on which I won first prize in the contest.
句式升级
⑤There lives an old man near the school, whose son is working abroad.
→There lives an old man near the school, the song of whom is working abroad (“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)

课后巩固运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．English is a language shared by several diverse (diversity) cultures, which uses it differently.
2．The company is in financial (finance) difficulties, so government help is needed.
3．It suddenly occurred to me that I had forgotten to tell her my telephone number.
4．The students must keep a journal and then write a report about what they have learned.
5．What you wear should be stylish and clean, and must definitely (definite) fit well.
6．He is writing a historical (history) novel about nineteenth-century France.
7．The selection (select) of TV programmes, especially at the weekend，leaves a lot to be desired.
8．If I can’t make a living (live) at painting，at least I can teach someone else to paint.
9．North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant (immigrate) group in the country.
10．Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable (suit) for the job.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．不过我也承认，他很可能觉得我的答案并没有什么帮助。(admit)
But I also admitted that he would probably not find my answer very helpful.
2．我想起我把伞忘在了楼上。(occur)
It occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
3．我一直在设法改进我的教学方法。(seek)
I am always seeking to improve my teaching method.
4．你最好安下心来工作。(settle)
You had better settle yourself down and start working.
5．正在修建一条新铁路。(construction)
A new railway is under construction .
6．这起事故的起因是未知的。(what引导的主语从句)
What caused the accident remains unknown.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, I have arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good 1. to be (be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in rebuilding 2. itself (it) after the earthquake that 3. occurred (occur) in 1906. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum 4. that/which showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and 5. restaurants (restaurant) in Chinatown to earn a living. Many others worked on farms, joined the gold rush, or 6. went (go) to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us 7. how America was built by immigrants from 8. different (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on 9. beautiful (beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to 10. a jazz bar in the Richmond District.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
请完成一篇关于伦敦的旅游景点介绍。
London，a capital city full of art and history, is an important political centre as well as 1. a huge financial market place (一个巨大的金融市场)．The Square Mile is the oldest part of London，where there are not many people 2. settling there (定居在那里) with 300,000 people working there every day.West End is the busy shopping and 3. entertainment district (娱乐区) while East End 4. contains the Port of London (包含伦敦港)，which is the place where many immigrants first arrived.The Olympics were successfully held in 2012 in London，whose people hope that housing, education and employment for many people in this area will be improved.
As a city made up of a collection of villages, 5. it is difficult to describe London (很难描述伦敦)in every aspect，for each of the village has its own character and community.
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
(主题语境：人与自然——太空探索)

课前自主预习
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1. astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
2. procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
3. mental adj.精神的；思想的
4. satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
5. launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
6. mankind n．人类
7. desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
8. muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9. lack n．缺乏；短缺；vt.没有；缺乏
10. otherwise adv.否则；要不然
11. beyond prep.在更远处；超出
12. pattern n．模式；图案；模范
13. monitor n．监视器；监视仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
14. attach vt.系；绑；贴
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
2．gravity n. 重力；引力
3．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
4．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
5．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
6．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
7．data n．[pl.] 资料；数据
8．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
9．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
10．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
11．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
12．tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
13．facility n. 设施；设备
14．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
15．pillow n. 枕头
16．smartphone n. 智能手机
17．resource n. 资源；财力；物力
18．oxygen n. 氧；氧气
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ intelligence n．智力； 才智； 智慧
2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ determine vt.查明；确定；决定→ determination n．决心
3．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→ agent n．(企业、政治等的) 代理人，经纪人
4．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→ disappointing adj.令人失望的→ disappoint vt.使失望→ disappointment
n．失望
5．independently adv.独立地；自立地→ independent adj.独立的；自立的→ independence n．独立→ dependent
adj.依靠的，依赖的→ dependence n．信赖，依赖→ depend v．依靠；依赖
6．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志→ sign n．迹象； 征兆；手势 v．签(名); 署(名)；打手势
7．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用→ cycle n．循环； 自行车
8．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮→ currently adv.现时； 目前； 当前； 时下
9．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→ global adj.全球的； 全世界的
10．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→ argument n．争论；争吵；论点
11．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的→ fate n．命中注定的事(尤指坏事); 命运的安排； 命运
12．regularly adv.经常；定期地→ regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→ irregular adj.不规则的；无规律的→ regulation n．规章，规则，条例
13．limited adj.有限的→ limit vt.& n．限制→ limitless adj.无限制的；无止境的
14．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→ mysterious adj.神秘的
1.(2019·全国卷II) The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts (astronaut) spend hours cleaning them up each week.
2．(2020·浙江卷)Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally (mental) and keeping your mind busy can only help.
3．(2020·全国卷I)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
4．(2021·全国乙卷) These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower.
5．(2019·全国卷I)If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (muscle) and your brain.
6．(2021·1月浙江卷) Lack of time has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity.
7．(2021·全国乙卷) The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns (pattern)of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
8．(2020·全国卷III)One nonprofit organization, which monitors (monitor) the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.
9．(2021·浙江卷) A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response.
10．(2020·天津卷)Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles (vehicle)．
11．(2019·全国卷II) There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.Now, we have our smartphones (smartphone) to keep us company at the table.
12.(2021·全国甲卷)Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (resource)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment.
13．(2021·全国甲卷)As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “ intelligence (intelligent), creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
14．(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent (dependent) that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
15．(2020·浙江卷)The traffic signals (signal) along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.
16．(2019·全国卷III)“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global (globe) media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.
17．(2019·江苏卷)A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can’t win an argument (argue) with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
联想积累：
1．“反义词”对比记忆
①deep→shallow
②intelligent→foolish
③sharp→dull
④neat→dirty
⑤tough→easy
2．盘点-ed结尾形容词
①determined 　　　 有决心的；意志坚定的
②astonished 吃惊的
③frightened 害怕的
④terrified 恐惧的
⑤embarrassed 尴尬的
3．后缀-less构成的形容词
①limit→limitless 无限的
②doubt→doubtless 无疑的
③rest→restless 不安的
④use→useless 无用的
⑤count→countless 无数的
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1. carry on 继续做，坚持干
2. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3. in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4. so as to(do sth.) 为了；以便
5. go up 增长，上升；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
6. come down 下来；下降；倒塌
7. look up 抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
8. focus on 集中(注意力，精力等)
9. make progress 取得进步
10. solar system 太阳系；类太阳系
11. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
12. as a result 所以；结果(是)
13. provide for sb. 提供生活所需
14. in closing 最后
15. run out 用完；耗尽
16. be curious about 对……好奇
17. make a difference 有影响；有重要作用
18. at present 目前；现在
1.(2021·全国新高考I卷) One reason is that most people are not even aware of their mispronunciations. So it’s important to first find out the words you mispronounce.
2．(2020·全国卷II)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind.
3．(2020·全国卷I) As a result ， she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
4．(2020·天津卷)I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷)M：Here I am on top of Mount Fuji. And here I am in a hot air balloon.
W：When did you do that? I’ve always wanted to go up in a hot air balloon.
联想积累：
1．carry 相关短语多棱镜
①carry out　　　 实施；履行；完成(任务)
②carry on 继续；开展；维持
③carry away 拿走；带走；运走
④carry back 取回；使回想起
2．“用完；耗尽”短语多棱镜
①run out of 用完(及物)
②run out 用完(不及物)
③use up 用完(及物)
④give out 耗尽(不及物)
⑤be tired out 筋疲力尽(不及物)
3．“最终；终于”家族
①finally adv. 最后；终于
②eventually adv. 最后；终于
③at last 最终；终于
④in the end 最后；终于
⑤at length 最后；终于；详尽地
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.现在分词在句中作状语
Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That’s one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind.”
八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球，他说：“这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。”(P40)
2．make sb.＋形容词(作宾语补足语)
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望， 但是(人类)探索宇宙的愿望从未消亡。(P41)
3．状语从句的省略
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员们在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都粘住，否则一切都会飘走。(P42)
4．whether...or...引导让步状语从句
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions，whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
世界各国正花费数十亿美元和大量时间在火星或其他更遥远的星球的各种太空任务上。(P44)
1.(2021·1月浙江卷) 任何一个小小的中断——一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客——都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。
Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
2．(2020·江苏卷)能量的增加会使你更愿意锻炼，这会使你的整体能量更高。
The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise ， and that will raise your overall energy even more.
3．(2021·3月天津卷)在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。
While rock-climbing ， you need to remain very focused so that you won’t make any dangerous errors.
4．(2019·天津卷)那些追求卓越的人——无论是开卡车，还是开商店——只要做他们自己，就能让世界变得更美好。
People who work toward such excellence— whether they are driving a truck ， or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.

课堂考点突破
重点词汇精讲
1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
教材原句
However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(P40)
然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
词块必记
(1)determine that...决定……
determine to do sth.决定做某事(强调动作)
determine on/upon(doing) sth.就(做)某事做出决定
(2)determined adj.有决心的；坚决的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事(强调状态)
be determined that...决心……
(3)determination n．决心
即学即用
单句语法填空
①She determined to work (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③With determination (determine)，I’m sure I can overcome whatever hardships and dangers I may meet with.
④(2019·3月天津)We are determined (determine) that our training should keep pace with the current development in education.
⑤Once she is determined to do (do) something, no one can change her mind.
一句多译
⑥决心努力学习后，他在墙上挖了洞从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。
Determined to study hard，he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.(形容词短语作状语)
→Because he was determined to study hard，he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.(原因状语从句)
2．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的；失意的
教材原句
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. (P41)
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未泯灭。
词块必记
(1)be disappointed
(2)disappoint vt.使失望；使沮丧；使(希望、计划等)落空；挫败
(3)disappointing adj 令人失望的；扫兴的(形容事)
(4)disappointment n. 失望；挫折
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Do not be disappointed (disappoint) if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
②Our results in this market have been rather disappointing (disappoint) compared with last year.
③Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed (disappoint)．
④For many, their long-awaited homecoming was a bitter disappointment (disappoint)．
完成句子
⑤令她失望的是，她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日晚会。
To her disappointment ，her best friend didn’t come to her birthday party.
3．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
教材原句
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.(P41)
这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未泯灭。
词块必记
(1)have a strong desire
(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth.渴望……
(3)desirable adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
名师点津
desire作及物动词，不用于进行时态。desire意为“希望”后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。此外，desire作名词时其后所接主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be (be) useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.
②We all share a common desire for pleasure, connection and something that is greater than us.
③The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed (hand) in before school was over.
完成句子
④看到那个漂亮的玩具，我有一种强烈的欲望进去玩一下它，但被商店的橱窗阻挡了。
Seeing the beautiful toy, I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back by the shop window.
4．carry on继续做，坚持干
教材原句
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(P41)
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
词块必记
carry on (with sth./doing sth.)继续(做某事)
carry away 陶醉；使入迷
carry through完成；坚持下去
carry out执行；实行；贯彻；落实
carry sb./sth. through 帮某人渡过难关/成功地完成某事
即学即用
完成句子
①她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。
Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
②我想用英语来谈话，但是力不从心。
I tried to carry on a conversation in English，but it far exceeded my ability.
用适当的介词填空
③No matter what we do，we must carry out our duties.
④The board of the directors decided to carry on the discussion next day.
⑤The audience was carried away by his wonderful performance.
5．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便
教材原句
Despite the huge risks though，people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets.(P41)
尽管存在巨大的风险，但人们总会继续探索这个最终的前沿，以了解它的秘密。
词块必记
(1)so as to (do sth.)意为“以便(做……)；为了(做……)”，引导的短语在句中作目的状语。
(2)so as to＝in order to，但so as to一般不用在句首。
(3)in order to和so as to引导的目的状语可转换为in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中常含有情态动词。
即学即用
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Cut down the article so as to make (make) it fit the space available on the paper.
句式升级
He told me the news in a low voice so as not to let the others hear what he was saying.
②→He told me the news in a low voice so that the others couldn’t hear what he was saying.
③→He told me the news in a low voice in order not to let the others hear what he was saying.
6.lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西
教材原句
Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.(P42)
宇航员的骨骼和肌肉会由于缺乏重力而在太空中变得非常脆弱，所以他们每天都需要锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。
词块必记
(1)lack sth.缺少某物
(2)a lack of...缺乏……
for lack of...因缺乏……
have no lack of...不缺乏……
(3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in缺乏；缺少
名师点津
lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As we all know, a lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.
② For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
句式升级
③Though they were lacking money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
→ Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to a university.(升级为省略句)
7．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
教材原句
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.(P44)
有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
词块必记
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人争论某事
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张/争辩说……
(2)argument n．争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵/争论
beyond argument 无可争辩
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As our family income decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
②(2019·天津卷) I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument (argue)．
一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。
③We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain. (argue)
④We tried many ways to persuade him to follow our advice, but in vain. (persuade)
⑤We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice，but in vain.(talk)
8．result in导致
教材原句
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.(P44)
它直接导致了现在地球轨道上的许多卫星。
词块必记
(1)result from由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result结果；因此
as a result of...作为……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
名师点津
(1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；
(2)result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
(3)表示“导致”的词语还有：cause, lead to, contribute to等。
即学即用
对比填空
①For most of the time, the leftover children can’t get emotional support from their parents, resulting in so many problems. (result in/result from)
②The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more noise pollution. (result in/result from)
③ As a result ，in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to apply for the job. (as a result/as a result of)
④ As a result of your carelessness, the plan should be put off at least one month.(as a result/ as a result of)
一句多译
由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。(分词作定语)
⑤Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication ， if not handled properly, may result in serious problems (result from, result in)
⑥Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication ， if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems (arise from, lead to)
9．run out 用完；耗尽
教材原句
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.(P45)
在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。词块必记
(1)run out of用完；用光；用尽
give out耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up用完；耗尽
(2)run across偶然遇到
run after追逐；追踪
run for竞选；匆匆去取
run into撞上；遇到；邂逅
run through浏览；跑着穿过
易混辨析
run out of，run out，give out，use up
run out of
是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于use up，表示“用完；用尽”
run out
是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于give out
give out
可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等
use up
是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于run out of
即学即用
对比填空(run out; run out of)
①(2019·北京卷) If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
②Saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day.
一句多译
如果我们继续像这样用水，我们很快就会把它用完。
③If we keep using the water like this，we will soon run out of it .(run)
④If we keep using the water like this，it’ll soon run out .(run)
⑤If we keep using the water like this, we will soon use it up .(use)
⑥If we keep using the water like this, it’ll soon be used up .(use)
10．attach vt.系；绑；贴
教材原句
While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.(P46)
在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘。
词块必记
(1)attach...to...把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to...认为……有重要性/意义
(2)attached adj.依恋的
be attached to附属于；依恋
名师点津
attach...to...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It is high time that the country should attach importance to energy saving and environmental protection.
②Across the stream，a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached (attach) to a pole.
③This hospital is attached (attach) to the medical college nearby.
完成句子
④毫无疑问，教育是我们应该更加重视的问题。
There is no doubt that education is a problem we should attach more importance/significance to .
典型句式精析
1．现在分词在句中作状语
教材原句
Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That’s one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind.”(P40)
八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球，他说：“这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。”
考点必记
现在分词在句中作状语的用法：
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系。
(2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词的完成时 having done。
(3)作状语的分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。
即学即用
单句语法填空
① Seeing (see) those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
②A number of new machines were installed in the factory，thus resulting (result) in an increase in production.
③ Having finished (finish) her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.
句型转换
④He lay on the grass，and stared at the sky for a long time.
→He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
⑤His father died，and left him a lot of money.
→His father died, leaving him a lot of money .
⑥Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.
→ Knowing all this ，they made me pay for the damage.
⑦Because he had lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.
→ Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.
⑧If you work hard，you will succeed.
→ Working hard ，you will succeed.
2．make sb.＋形容词(作宾语补足语)
教材原句
These disaster made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.(P41)
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。
考点必记
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
(1)make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
(2)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
(3)make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
(4)make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
(5)make it＋宾补＋不定式。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
名师点津
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
(1)能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
(2)宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to必须加上；
(3)如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①She let me understand that making others feel good made me feel (feel) good too.
②She tried her best to make herself heard (hear) clearly while delivering the speech.
③He failed in the final exam, which made his parents very disappointed (disappoint)．
3．whether...or..是……还是……
教材原句
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.(P44)
全球各国在无论是火星还是更远的其他行星的太空任务上花费了数十亿美元和大量时间。
考点必记
(1)whether..or...意为“是……还是……”，whether表示一种选择，其后可以跟介词短语或不定式短语。
(2)whether...or...意为“是……还是……”，引导名词性从句。
(3)whether..or..意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。
即学即用
完成句子
①我不知道是接受好，还是拒绝好。
I don’t know whether to accept the offer or refuse it.
②我不知道我们是否可以赶上最后一班公共汽车，或是只好步行回家。
I wonder whether we shall be in time for the last bus or have to walk home.
③无论下不下雨，我们周六一定踢足球。
Whether it rains or not ， we’re playing football on Saturday.

课后巩固运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To become an astronaut in China，you have to have 1,350 hours of flying (fly) experience.
2. To learn (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
3．While intelligent (intelligence) people can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
4．When I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached (attach) to the first page，giving me best wishes.
5．He fought the illness with courage and determination (determine)．
6．The fashion world just keeps recycling (recycle) old ideas.
7．The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently (independent)．
8．The police began to pay attention to the mysterious (mystery) disappearance of the girl.
9．Personally, if you don’t use computers properly (proper)，something uncomfortable will happen.
10．They may only have a limited (limit)amount of time to get their points across.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．史蒂夫很快完成了测验，并且第一个交上了答卷。(the＋序数词＋to do)
Steve hurried through the test，and was the first to hand in his paper .
2．他们坐在窗户边，谈论着昨天发生的事。(现在分词作状语)
They were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday .
3．植物非常重要。这是因为植物可以从空气、水和阳光中制造食物。(because引导表语从句)
Plants are very important. This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight.
4．如果这些症状持续存在，就有必要去看医生。(it作形式主语)
If the symptoms persist, it is necessary to go to your doctor.
5．早睡早起是个好习惯。(动名词作主语)
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
6．他们进行了研究，希望找到事故的真正凶手。(hope)
They did the research in the hope of finding the real murderer of the accident.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 1. finding (find) out more secrets of the universe.Exploring space is both dangerous 2. and challenging，but the desire 3. to explore (explore) the universe never died.
On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 4. was launched (launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，Yuri Gagarin became the first person 5. to go (go) into space in the world.On 20 July,1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, 6. famously (famous) saying，“That’s one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”
China has made great progress in exploring space in 2003，and has successfully sent Yang Liwei into space and orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, 7. becoming (become) the third country in the world to 8. independently (independent) send humans into space.
People will continue to explore this final frontier，and this is 9. because they believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration 10. despite the huge risk.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是中学生李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。
Dear Stephen，
I’m writing to seek your help.There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.I’m at a loss how to deal with it.
So crazy am I about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But my parents don’t understand me.They think I don’t 1. attach importance to (重视) my study.Therefore, they have tried many ways 2. to argue me into giving up the hobby (劝说我放弃这个爱好)，which 3. makes me disappointed (让我失望)．They think my hobby will have a bad effect on my study in time and that I should 4. carry on studying hard (坚持努力学习)till success. 5. As a result (结果)，they do what they can do to prevent me from going to the library.To them，good marks mean everything and I should spend twice more time on my lessons.
I’d appreciate it if you could offer me some valuable suggestions.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY
(主题语境：人与自然——金钱的价值)

课前自主预习
Ⅰ.单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
分类识记课标词汇
(一)重点词汇—我会写
1. loan n．贷款；借款
2. plastic n．塑料 adj.塑料制的；塑料的
3. bet n．打赌；赌注 vi.& vt.下赌注；用……打赌 vt.敢说
4. servant n．仆人；用人
5. spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
6. dare vi.& modal v．胆敢；敢于
7. sort n．种类；类别
8. postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓
9. nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不
10. hug vt.& vi.拥抱；抱紧
11. pursue vt.追求；致力于
12. duty n．责任；义务；职责；值班
13. stair n．楼梯；梯级
14. broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
15. indeed adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实
16. normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的 n．常态；通常标准；一般水平
17. willing adj.愿意；乐意
18. plot n．故事情节；布局；阴谋
19. maintain vt.维持；保持；维修；保养
20. saying n．谚语；格言；警句
(二)阅读词汇—我会认
1．beneath adv.& prep. 在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下
2．odd adj. 奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
3．extent n. 程度；限度；大小；范围
4．opera n. 歌剧
5．dinosaur n. 恐龙
6．tailor n. (男装)裁缝 vt. 专门制作；定做
7．clerk n. 职员；文书；店员
8．downstairs adv. 顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
9．aside adv. 到旁边；在旁边；留；存
10．element n. 要素；基本部分
11．external adj. 外部的；外面的；外来的
(三)拓展词汇—我会变
1．basis n．基础；根据；基点→ base n．基础→ basic adj.基础的
2．apologise vi.道歉；谢罪→ apology n．道歉，致歉
3.ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ ignorance n．无知；愚昧→ ignorant adj.愚昧的，无知的
4．judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员→ judgement n．看法；判决；判断
5．scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面→ scenery n．风景，景色(总称)
6．sail vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→ sailor n．船员；水手
7．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→ patient adj.耐心的 n．病人→ patiently adv.耐心地
8．indicate vt.& vi.表明；显示vt.象征；暗示→ indication n．象征；迹象
9．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的→ intend vt.计划；打算
10．musical n．音乐剧 adj.音乐的→ music n．音乐；乐曲→ musician n．音乐家；作曲家
11．hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→ hesitation n．犹豫
12．eventually adv.最后；终于→ eventual adj.最后的； 最终的； 结果的
13．manner n．举止；行为方式；方法→ manners n．[pl.]礼仪；礼貌
14．option n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权→ optional adj.可选择的；随意的
15．upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的→ upper adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的
16．permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证→ permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；使有可能
1.(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is (be) finding its way into the human body.
2．(2019·天津卷)Would you BET on the future of this man?
3．(2020·全国卷I)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
4．(2021·全国新高考I卷) This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
5．(2021·全国新高考I卷) The children said loudly, “Happy Mother’s Day！” Mother hugged (hug) them tightly and kissed them again and again.
6．(2020·山东卷)She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue (pursue) her four-year degree close to home.
7．(2020·天津卷)I’m a cool guy in my own way, too.I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader (broad) definition than what I used to think.
8．(2020·全国卷II)The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally (normal) would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.
9．(2020·江苏卷)The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise (exercise), and that will raise your overall energy even more.
10．(2019·浙江卷)But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
11．(2020·全国卷III)After a while, she apologized (apologize) for the way she behaved at the beginning.
12．(2020·山东卷)50 Honorable Mentions: Judges (judge) will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
13.(2021·3月天津卷)I’m sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery (scene)in Jiuzhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.
14．(2021·3月天津卷) “The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient’s body with what the patient sees in his head，“ Ms. L’Ecuyer said. ”It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience (patient)and kindness.”
15．(2020·全国卷III)It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates (indicate) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
16．(2020·浙江卷)It is not my intention (intend) to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.
17．(2021·全国新高考I卷) By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician (music)but as her page turner.
18．(2019·北京卷)If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates (hesitate) to buy them a meal.
联想积累：
1．“形容词＋－ly→副词”一览
①patient→patiently adv.耐心地
②immediate→immediately adv.
立即，即刻
③similar→similarly adv.同样地
④strict→strictly adv. 严格地
⑤entire→entirely adv. 完全地
2．仅“一字母之差”的单词
①affect v．影响→effect n．影响；作用
②fellow n．家伙→follow v．跟随
③extent n．程度；限度；大小；范围→extend v. 拓展
④statue n．雕像→status n．身份
3．双写辅音字母的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
①admit：admitted/admitted/admitting
②permit：permitted/permitted/permitting
③hug：hugged/hugged/hugging
④refer：referred/referred/referring
⑤prefer：preferred/preferred/preferring
Ⅱ.短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1. on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据……
2. take out a loan 取得贷款
3. in return 作为回报；作为回应
4. make a bet 打个赌
5. as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的
6. by accident 偶然地；意外地
7. to be honest 说实话；坦率地说
8. ought to 应该；应当
9. be about to do sth. 即将或正要(做某事)
10. care about 关心；在乎；在意
11. show sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去
12. in case 以防；以防万一
13. to...extent 到……程度；在……程度上
14. on duty 值班；值勤
15. in a．..manner 以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
16. in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话
17. be willing to do sth. 愿意或乐意做某事
18. the upper class 上流社会；上等阶层
19. play the role of 扮演……的角色
20. worry about 担心；焦虑
21. be eager to do sth. 渴望干某事
22. take a chance 冒险
1.(2021·全国新高考I卷) You really ought to take a boat down the Amazon. You’ll see a lot of interesting animals and beautiful trees.
2．(2019·北京卷)That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.
3．(2020·山东卷)Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.
4．(2020·天津卷)“Yes, sir，” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his.“I wouldn’t have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr Mills, says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner .”
5．(2021·浙江卷) I understood immediately what my parents were worried about . They were worried that I was too selfish to give.
联想积累：
1．“on＋n.”短语精选
①on average　　　 平均
②on business 出差；做生意
③on sale 出售
④on duty 值日；值班
⑤on guard (保持)警惕
⑥on display/show 展示
2．“be＋adj.＋to”短语荟萃
①be rude to 对……粗鲁
②be accustomed to 习惯于
③be familiar to 被……熟知
④be used to 习惯于；被用来
⑤be sensitive to 对……敏感
⑥be similar to 与……相似
3．by＋n.常用短语
①by contrast 对比之下
②by hand 用手；用体力
③by comparison 相比之下，比较起来
④by accident/chance 偶然
⑤by design 有意地；故意地
⑥by weight 按重量
Ⅲ.经典句型
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
About a month ago，I was sailing，and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。(P52)
2．It is/was...that...强调句型
And it was the ship that brought you to England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。(P52)
3．in case以防；以防万一
In case it happens to you on a trip abroad...
以防在国外旅行时你也遇到这种事……(P54)
4．as if句式
Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again，as if looking at something he can’t believe is there.
然后他把这张钞票叠上，然后又慢慢地打开，好像在看一件他不相信存在的东西。(P56)
5．never 位于句首引起的部分倒装
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...
记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……(P56)
6．“get＋过去分词”结构
You would have to wait a long time to get paid.
你得等很长时间才能拿到钱。(P56)
1.(2020·江苏卷)在我们的社会里，我们知道地球只有一个月亮。我们从各个角度观察了我们的星球，发现了所有最荒芜的东西。
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon.We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find .
2．(2020·江苏卷)他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情，而是我们对发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。
He proved that it’s not what happens to us that determines our lives —it’s what we make of what happens.
3．(2021·浙江卷) 我母亲被她的举动深深感动了，她决定回到商店，给收银员一张五美元的钞票，以防其他人因为没有足够的钱买所有的日用品而遭遇同样的情况。
My mother was so touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员)a five-dollar bill to keep on hand in case the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough money for all of their groceries.
4．(2021·3月天津卷) 无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。
We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it’s at work, at home, or at school.

课堂考点突破
重点词汇精讲
1．apologise vi. 道歉；谢罪
教材原句
Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money.(P50)
王铮因无法向陈提供更多的钱而道歉。
词块必记
(1)apologise to sb. for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb. that...向某人道歉……
(2)apology n．[C]道歉；赔罪
make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology for sth.因……而应向某人道歉
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake.
②The headmaster demanded that you should apologise to her for your rudeness immediately.
③I made an apology (apologise) to my host and left early.
一句多译
她应为自己不得体的行为向同桌道歉。
④She should apologize to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.(apologise)
⑤She should make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.(apology)
2．judge v．判断；评价；评判 n．法官；审判员；裁判员
教材原句
Should we judge people based on how much money they have？(P51)
我们应该根据人们有多少钱来评判他们吗？
词块必记
(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断
as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断
(3)judgement n．判断；审判；判断力
in one’s judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法
名师点津
judging from/by...置于句首作状语。v.-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking“一般来说”，frankly speaking“坦白地说”，considering...“考虑到……”。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①As the old saying goes，“You can’t judge a book by/from its cover.”
② Judging (judge) from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people in the club yet.
③I respect his judgement (judge) and I’ll follow any advice he gives me.
完成句子
④根据相貌判断一个人是错误的。
It is wrong to judge a person by/from his looks.
⑤目前改革的经济效果还很难判断。
The economic results of the reforms are very difficult to judge at present.
3．in return作为回报；作为回应
教材原句
When we help someone，should we expect to get something in return？(P51)
当我们帮助某人时，我们应该期望得到一些东西作为回报吗？
词块必记
(1)in return for...作为……的交换；作为……的报答
(2)in turn轮流；依次；反过来
by turns 轮流；时而……时而………
(3)return to...回到……
return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him.
②He spends too much time on maths，and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects.
③It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother by turns.
4．by accident偶然地；意外地
教材原句
As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.(P52)
实际上，我意外地来到英国。
词块必记
by chance＝by accident 偶然；碰巧
by design＝on purpose故意地；蓄意地
by mistake 错误地
即学即用
完成句子
①她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不敢肯定这是出于偶然还是有意安排。
She arrived just as we were leaving，but I’m not sure whether this was by accident/chance or by design.
②很抱歉错拿了你的雨伞，因为我的雨伞和你的雨伞很相似。
Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake . It’s because mine is similar to yours.
5．spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
教材原句
The next morning I was spotted by a ship.(P52)
第二天早上，我被一艘船发现了。
词块必记
(1)spot sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with散布；点缀
(2)on the spot/scene当场；在现场
名师点津
spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如果缺少状语则用where引导定语从句，从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me staring (stare) at me.
②More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
③He was dressed in a coat，which was spotted (spot) with stars.
写出下列句中spot的含义
④Which has spots，the leopard or the tiger? 斑点
⑤He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. 地点
⑥His jacket was covered with spots of mud. 污渍
⑦I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake. 发现
6．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力
教材原句
Patience. If you don’t mind，may I ask you how much money you have? (P52)
请耐心点。如果你不介意的话，我能问一下你有多少钱吗？
词块必记
(1)beyond one’s patience 无法忍受
out of patience 不耐烦；失去耐心
with patience＝patiently 耐心地
lose patience with对……失去耐心
(2)patient adj.耐心的；能忍受的 n．病人
be patient with...对……有耐心
即学即用
完成句子
①We’ve kept waiting for almost an hour and I’m beginning to lose my patience (失去耐心)．
②It would be wise to solve this delicate problem with patience (耐心地)．
③With time going on, he became more and more patient with (对……有耐心) the boy.
一句多译
当他一次又一次地被问到同样的问题时，他仍然耐心地回答。
④He still answered it patiently when he was asked the same question again and again.
⑤He still answered it with patience when he was asked the same question again and again.
7．be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)
教材原句
Yes，I was about to get the letter. Wait！(P52)
好的，我正要去拿信呢，等一下！
词块必记
be about to do...when...正要做……这时突然……
be doing...when...正在做……这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时突然……
had just done...when...刚刚做完……这时突然……
名师点津
be about to do sth.表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作，它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He was sleeping (sleep) when there was a knock at the door.
②I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.
③We had just begun to work when the machine broke down.
完成句子
④约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
⑤他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证忘在家里了。
They had just covered three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.
一句多译
⑥我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
→I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
8．hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑
教材原句
Why does the owner think Henry hesitates to pay the bill? (P55)
为什么店主认为亨利不愿付账？
词块必记
(1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over(doing) sth.(做)某事犹豫不决
don’t hesitate to do sth.不要犹豫做某事
(2)hesitation n．犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
即学即用
单句语法填空
①Since then，I have not hesitated to be (be) in the presence of others，especially when they need company.
②Please have no hesitation (hesitate) in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China.
③I hesitated about/in/at/over taking his side until I knew the whole story.
④ Without hesitation，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
9．permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；使有可能 n．[C]许可证，执照
教材原句
I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(P52)
要是天气许可，我明天一定来。
词块必记
(1)permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
permit doing sth.允许做某事
weather/time permitting＝if weather/time permits天气/时间允许的话
(2)a driving permit驾驶执照
(3)permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证
with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/未经某人允许
ask for permission请求允许
give permission 批准
名师点津
动词permit的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，用法类似的动词还有：allow(允许)，forbid(禁止)，advise(建议)，encourage(鼓励)
即学即用
单句语法填空
① With the teacher’s permission, she went home earlier than usual.
②Please permit me to offer (offer) you some advice.
③They don’t permit parking (park) in front of the supermarket.
④Without a driving permit，you are not permitted to drive (drive) the car.
句式升级
⑤If time permits，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.
→ Time permitting ，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(独立主格结构)
典型句式精析
1．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
教材原句
About a month ago, I was sailing，and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.(P52)
大约一个月之前，我正在(海湾外)航行，将近傍晚时我发现我被一阵强风刮到海上去了。
考点必记
find的复合宾语结构如下：
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
名师点津
(1)与find用法相同的动词还有：see，hear, watch，notice，have，make，keep等。
(2)记住句式结构，分清宾语与宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①He found his daughter surrounded (surround) by letters and books and looking very worried.
②I suddenly found myself running (run) down the street.
③That’s why she often finds herself helpless (help) when she meets with some challenges.
④He hurried to the store，only to find the door closed (close)．
⑤When he came to himself，he found himself lying (lie) in hospital.
2．It is/was...that...强调句型
教材原句
And it was the ship that brought you to England.(P52)
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
考点必记
(1)基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的部分是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一般用that)
(2)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
名师点津
(1)若被强调部分是主语，that/who 后的谓语应在人称和数上与原句的主语一致。
(2)强调句型的判断：将句子中的It is/was 和 that/who 去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，那么原来的句子就是强调句型，否则就不是。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①It was the scientist who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
②Who was it that broke the window?
③It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
一句多译
直到作为交流生去了美国，他才意识到学好英语的重要性。
④He didn’t realize the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student.
⑤ It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well.(强调句)
⑥ Not until he went to America as an exchange student did he realize the importance of learning English well.(倒装句)
3．in case以防；以防万一
教材原句
In case it happens to you on a trip abroad...(P54)
以防在国外旅行时你也遇到这种事……
考点必记
in case of万一……；如果发生……
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
in no case 无论如何不；决不
in that/this case如果是那/这样的话；在那/这种情况下
as is often the case 这是常有的事；情况往往如此
名师点津
(1)将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
(2)有时将动名词、介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
即学即用
单句语法填空
①In case of fire，walk quickly to the nearest door.
② As is often the case, old people are fond of talking about good old days.
③ In no case should the students be prevented from exploring new things.
④Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
句式升级
⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.
→ In no case should we do anything that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句)
4．never 位于句首引起的部分倒装
教材原句
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...(P56)
记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
考点必记
(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。
(2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有not，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely, neither...nor，at no time，by no means，in no case，in no way，on no condition等。
即学即用
完成句子
①(2020·全国新高考Ⅰ)他这辈子从来没有挣过这么多钱。
Never had he earned so much money before in his life.
②(2019·天津卷)教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。
The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
③(2016·江苏卷)直到最近他们才鼓励在边远地区发展旅游相关活动。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
句式升级
④She attaches great importance to reading. She spares at least 20 minutes every day to read.
→ Not only does she attach great importance to reading ， but she also spares at least 20 minutes every day to read.(用not only...but also 合并升级为倒装句)

课后巩固运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I shall postpone making (make) a decision till I have made a thorough study.
2．You can buy all sorts (sort) of specially created gifts for your father in the shop online.
3．It is an honor for me to be invited to speak at the meeting.
4．Henry found the windows broken (break) when he got home from the holiday.
5．Please be quick! The meeting is about to begin (begin)．
6．He eventually (eventual) escaped and made his way back to England.
7．My request is that you should make an apology (apologise) to your teacher.
8．I would have no hesitation (hesitate)in recommending Philip for the position.
9．It’s illegal to read people’s private letters without permission (permit)．
10．What do you think you can acquire from optional (option) courses?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．那就是我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。(why引导表语从句)
That’s why I must trust you to keep this secret.
2．在街道上散步时，我们看到一个小偷被带到警察局。(过去分词作宾语补足语)
When walking in the street，we saw a thief taken to the police station .
3．如果用户愿意等待，他或她可能得到更好的价格。(willing)
If the user is willing to wait ，he or she may get a better price.
4．学生被允许在课堂上和其他同学探讨包括课后作业在内的课程材料。(permit)
Students are permitted to discuss course materials，including homework，with others in the class.
5．他目不转睛地看着那个女孩，好像第一次见到她似的。(as if)
He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time .
6．我承诺一发工资就把钱还给你。(get＋done)
I promise to pay you back as soon as I get paid .
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The story was set in London.Henry, 1. an American, was rescued in the sea 2. by accident. He was walking in London streets, 3. hungry (hunger)．Then he 4. was spotted (spot) by two rich brothers, 5. who invited him to step into their house. The two brothers 6. have made (make) a bet on him. One of the brothers believes that 7. with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London, 8. while the other doubts it. So they gave him a letter and asked him 9. to promise (promise) not to open it until 2 o’clock，but they didn’t tell him the reason 10. why he couldn’t open it at once.
Ⅳ.单元主题与高考写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去听李萍教授关于中国文学的讲座，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间。
Dear Bob，
I’m indeed very sorry that I can’t go to attend the lecture on Chinese literature given by Prof.Li Ping with you this weekend as planned.I know you are eager to attend it as you 1. are ignorant about (不了解)Chinese literature.Just now，my cousin，who went to Australia for further study last year，informed me he would return this Saturday morning and asked me 2. to pick him up at the airport (去机场接他)．You know，we haven’t seen each other since he left.As a result, I have no choice but to say sorry to you.
Please 3. accept my sincere apology (接受我诚挚的道歉) from the bottom of my heart.How about 4. postponing attending (推迟参加) the lecture on Chinese literature until next Sunday? As planned，Prof.Li Ping will give such lectures as well at that time. 5. Are you willing to go to the lecture then (你愿意那个时间去听讲座吗)?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua