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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems备课课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems备课课件ppt，文件包含Part2LearningAboutLanguagepptx、为你读诗十四行诗第十八首mp4等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
Build up yur vcabulary
bad, glad, mad
by, fly, eye, why
weather, feather, whether
shuting, laughing, singing, running
delicate drama arrange cmpse literary rhythm srrw petry
1. It seems incredible t me that the questin f hw best t ________ bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin.2. The purpse f ________ criticism is t get t the cre f the text and discver what message the authr is attempting t cnvey.3. If yu need t handle a _________ situatin, yu shuld behave wisely.4. The pet _________ quite a few pems featuring the image f cherry blssms, and describing the jys and _________f life. 5. Blank verse is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English ___________. It is s clse t the natural __________ f English speech and it has n rhyming. In Shakespeare’s __________, characters frm civilians t kings all speak in blank verse, but still in distinctive vices.
n. 核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿
n. 诗；韵文；诗节
Culd yu _______ what yu just said?Students are required t _______ ver 60 ancient pems r wrks f prse they have learnt frm their Chinese curse.If yu have finished reading the stry, please try t ______ it in yur wn wrds.
recite/repeat/retell
recite v. t say a pem, piece f literature, etc. that yu have learned 背诵，吟诵，朗诵Each child had t recite a pem t the class.repeat v. t say r write sth. again 重复；重写Can yu repeat yur questin?retell v. t tell a stry again, in a different way 复述，重新讲述Little Emma ften asks her sisters t retell the stry.
recite, repeat, retell
4. Her ________ rse at the apprach f the summer hlidays.5. We culdn’t see any _________ in him. He is s calm in spite f what he has experienced.6. Rainy days always put everyne in a depressed ________.
emtin/md/spirit
emtin n. a strng feeling such as lve, fear r anger 强烈的感情；激情；情感；情绪The decisin was based n emtin rather than ratinal thught. md n. the way yu are feeling 情绪；心情I wnder why he’s in such a md tday. spirit n. the qualities that make smene live the way they d, make them different frm thers 精神；心灵She is a strng and independent spirit.
emtin, md, spirit
1. cherry n. adj. 2. verse n. 3. prse n. 4. versin n. 5. seed n. 6. dminant adj. 7. snnet n. 8. n. 架子；搁板 9. n. 核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿
樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色
诗；韵文；诗节 散文 版本；（从不同角度的）说法 种子；起源；萌芽 首要的；占支配地位的；显著的 十四行诗
10. adj. 空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格 11. n. 平民；老百姓 12. n. 同情；赞同 → adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 13. adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的 → n. 天真；单纯；无罪 14. vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信 → n. 来往信件；通信联系 15. n. 时代；年代；纪元 16. vt. & vi. 播种；种
blank civilian sympathy sympathetic inncent inncencecrrespnd crrespndence era sw
1. 用你自己的话 2. 以独特的声音 3. 在快到……的时候 4. 尽管 5. 在玩耍 6. 樱花7. in tears 8. at rest 9. bring sb great success 10. fall in lve with 11. in secret 12. have an influence n
in yur wn wrds in distinctive vices at the apprach f in spite f at play cherry blssm
1. seed2. sw3. shelf4. cre5. era
A. a perid f time, usually in histry, that is different frm ther perids because f particular characteristics r eventsB. the small hard part prduced by a plant, frm which a new plant can grwC. the hard central part f a fruit such as an apple, that cntains the seedsD. t plant r spread seeds in r n the grundE. a lng flat narrw bard attached t a wall r in a frame r cupbard, used fr putting things n
versin, cmprehensin, blank, dminant, crrespnd
1. Why yu let her talk yu int ding such a flish thing is beynd my .2. I’m trying t think f his name, but my mind is a cmplete . 3. Agriculture is a main industry with a __________ psitin in the ecnmy f ur cuntry. 4. An English f the bk is planned fr the autumn. 5. His stry f what happened that night didn’t with the witness’s versin.
cmprehensin
1. Blank verse is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English petry. 无韵诗可能是最常见和最有影响力的英语诗歌形式之一。 blank adj. 空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格① a blank cheque/frm 空白支票/表格② Hearing the news, my mind went blank. 听到这个消息，我的大脑一片空白。③ I am trying t think f his name, but my mind is a cmplete blank. 我在努力回想他的名字，但怎么也想不起来。④ Please fill in the blanks. 请在空白处填写。
2. In these pems the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings. 在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表现出对儿童感情的同情理解。sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的sympathy n. 同情；赞同① Russian newspapers are largely sympathetic t the president. 俄罗斯报章大都支持总统。② I’m here if yu need a sympathetic ear. 要是你想诉诉苦，那就跟我说吧。③ Our heartfelt sympathy ges ut t the victims f the war. 我们对战争的受害者表示由衷的同情。
3. The English versin f the bk cntains nearly 50 pems. 这本书的英文版包含将近50首诗。versin n. 版本；（从不同角度的）说法① I nly knew the fficial versin f the events. 我对事情的了解仅限于官方的版本。② She gave us her versin f what had happened that day. 她从她的角度向我们描述了那天发生的事情。
4. The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 原因是他们能感受到爱的温暖，享受到童年的纯真。inncence n. 天真；单纯；无罪inncent adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的① Children lse their inncence as they grw lder. 儿童随着年龄的增长而失去天真。② This new evidence will prve their inncence. 这一新的证据将证明他们的清白。③ They seemed s yung and inncent. 他们看上去如此少不更事。
5. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们开始私下通信。crrespndence n. 来往信件；通信联系① enter int crrespndence with sb. 与某人通信② persnal/private crrespndence 私人来往信件③ the crrespndence clumn/page 读者来信专栏④ The editr welcmes crrespndence frm readers n any subject. 编辑欢迎读者有关任何问题的来信。
5. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们开始私下通信。crrespnd vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信① crrespnd t/with 与……相一致；符合② crrespnd t 相当于 ③ He ften crrespnds with his friends. 他常和朋友们通信。④ The American Cngress crrespnds t the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
Review useful structuresBUTIVE CLAUSE
修饰名词或代词的词叫定语
2.有哪些词可以做定语？
形容词、 名词、 副词、数词 、分词、 不定式 、一个句子
在句子中起定语的作用，修饰句子中_________的从句
例：I met a girl ___ knew yur sister.
例：I met a girl ____ I want t marry.
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。
主句
例：She was nt n the train _____ arrived just nw.
例：Is this the bk _____ yu are lking fr?
whse在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物。
例：I like the rm windw faces nrth.
关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。主要有以下几个词：wh, that, whm,which whse
注：关系词在从句中做宾语时关系词可以省略。
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
主句
例: Shanghai is the city I was brn.
when在定语从句中作时间状语。
例: The time we gt tgether finally came.
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
主句
例: Please tell me the reasn yu are late.
关系副词where在从句中引导地点状语从句。关系副词when在从句中引导时间状语从句。关系副词why在从句中引导原因状语从句。
在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。
引导词又称为关系词。分关系代词和关系副词。
遇到以下情况只能用wh，不能用that。
1. 当先行词是ne，nes，anyne，thse时，只能用wh
Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.
The nes wh refuse t refrm shuld be punished as required by law.
2. 当先行词是人称代词时，只能用wh
1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nthing（smething除外），few，all，nne，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，sme，n，little，few，much，each等修饰时：
Abby tld me everything (that) she knew.
All that can be dne has been dne.
There is little (that) I can d fr yu.
Any man that/wh has a sense f duty wn't d such a thing.
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时：
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
This is the best mvie that I have ever seen.
This is the very gd magazine that I left n the playgrund.
After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：
4. 当先行词被the very/nly/same/last 修饰时：
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which
5. 当先行词前有wh,which等疑问代词时：
Wh is the man that is standing there?
He talked happily f the things and persns that he remembered studying in the schl.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me the mst?
6. 当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whm。如： The valley in which the twn lies is heavily plluted. We’ll g t see the famus writer abut whm we have talked.2. 当表时间、地点或原因的先行词在从句中作状语时，也可用“介词+关系代词”结构。介词的选择由先行词与介词的搭配来确定。如：In the ffice, I never seem t have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many peple have gne hme.3. “介词+关系代词”前可由名词、数词或sme, any, nne, bth, all, neither, mst, each, few等代词修饰。如： The classrm, the dr f which is brken, will sn be repaired. He lves his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Review useful structures
1. 先行词是reasn时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用why或fr which引导；关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或which引导。如： We’d like t knw the reasn why/fr which she didn’t accept the jb. There is anther reasn that/which is mre imprtant. 2. 先行词是表示方式的way时，定语从句可用that或in which引导，也可省略。如： Peple liked the way (that/in which) he wrte nvels, s he went n writing.3. 先行词是stage, psitin, situatin, atmsphere等有地点含义的抽象名词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用where引导。如： Yu culd get int a situatin where yu have t decide immediately.4. 先行词是ccasin时，一般要用when引导定语从句。如： I can remember very few ccasins when he had t cancel ur trips.
特殊先行词后的定语从句
1. The Crescent Mn is perhaps the mst famus cllectin f children’s pems. It is knwn t peple in China.2. There are als many pems written frm a child’s perspective. In these pems the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings.3. The English versin f the bk cntains nearly 50 pems. The fcus f the pems is n the parent-child relatinship.4. The initial pems were written frm the perspective f a mther. The mther lves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.5. Many peple lve t read this cllectin f pems. The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd.6. It was written by the Indian pet Tagre. Tagre was the first Asian t win the Nbel Prize in Literature.
1. The Crescent Mn is perhaps the mst famus cllectin f children’s pems that is knwn t peple in China.2. There are als many pems written frm a child’s perspective, in which the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings.3. The English versin f the bk cntains nearly 50 pems, the fcus f which is n the parent-child relatinship.4. Then initial pems were written frm the perspective f a mther wh lves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.5. The reasn why many peple lve t read this cllectin f pems is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd.6. It was written by the Indian pet Tagre wh was the first Asian t win the Nbel Prize in Literature.
If yu study the histry f English literature, yu will find the names f Rbert and Elizabeth Barrett Brwning. They were ne f the mst rmantic literary cuples f the Victrian era. Elizabeth Barrett started t write petry frm abut the age f six. In 1844, Elizabeth’s Pems brught her great success. It als attracted the admiratin f pet Rbert Brwning. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. The cuple exchanged many letters. These letters bviusly helped sw the seeds f lve between the tw. Elizabeth had been ill fr many years. She stayed at hme and almst never saw visitrs. Brwning was sure abut his lve, s he fund a way t visit her, and immediately cnvinced her t becme his bride. Hwever, their subsequent marriage was carried ut in secret. It was because Barrett’s father was a dminant and selfish man. He wuld refuse t let his daughter g. The cuple mved t Italy in 1846. Elizabeth lived there fr the rest f her life. Brwning had a great influence n Elizabeth’s writing. The best evidence that can be fund is Snnets frm the Prtuguese. The snnets were written during the time when she was in lve with Rbert Brwning.
If yu study the histry f English literature, yu will find the names f Rbert and Elizabeth Barrett Brwning, wh were ne f the mst rmantic literary cuples f the Victrian era. Elizabeth Barrett started t write petry frm abut the age f six. In 1844, Elizabeth’s Pems brught her great success and als attracted the admiratin f pet Rbert Brwning. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. The cuple exchanged many letters, which bviusly helped sw the seeds f lve between the tw. Elizabeth had been ill fr many years. She stayed at hme and almst never saw visitrs. Brwning was sure abut his lve, s he fund a way t visit her, and immediately cnvinced her t becme his bride. Hwever, their subsequent marriage was carried ut in secret because her father was a dminant and selfish man wh wuld refuse t let his daughter g. The cuple mved t Italy in 1846, where Elizabeth lived fr the rest f her life. Brwning had a great influence n Elizabeth’s writing. The best evidence that can be fund is Snnets frm the Prtuguese that were written during the time when she was in lve with Rbert Brwning.
EXAMPLE Bai Juyi was ne f the greatest Chinese pets wh ever lived. He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, which was a perid f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire.
1. 1)Mr Li has three daughters，nne f _____ is an engineer． 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but nne f _____ is a dancer． 2. 1) It was eleven ’clck _____ they went ut f the cinema. 2) It was at eleven ’clck _____ they went ut f the cinema.3 .1) It was in the hspital____ he came acrss a friend f his. 2)It was the hspital ____ he came acrss a friend f his. 4. 1). We shuld g t the place _____ we are mst needed. 2). We shuld g t the place _____ needs us mst.5. 1). Mther didn't cme back n December 25, _____was my birthday. 2). Mther didn't cme back hme n December 25, _____she was busy wrking.
6.1). This is the rm _____ he lived in his childhd. 2). This is the rm _____ he lived in last year.7. 1) The teacher didn’t knw the reasn _______ she was absent yesterday? 2) The teacher culdn’t accept the reasn _______ she explained yesterday?8.1) We must learn t act in ways ______ d nt harm ther living things. 2) I dn’t like the way _____ he spke t his mther. 3) This is the way ____ he thught f t slve the prblem.
that/in which/不填
11.1) _____ we all knw, China is rich in natural resurces. 2) _____ is well-knwn that China is rich in natural resurces. 3) _____ is well-knwn t us all is that China is rich in natural resurces.12. 1) I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the meeting. 2) I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting. 13. 1) _____ leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights._____ wh leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.14.1)This is ne f the mst interesting films _____ shwn last week. 2)This is the very ne f the mst interesting films _____ shwn last week.
15.1) He still lives in the rm _____ windw faces t the east. 2) He still lives in the rm, the windw _____ which faces t the east. 3) He still lives in the rm _____ is in the nrth f the city.
16. 1)______ is knwn is that he has gne t cllege.2)______ is knwn that he has gne t cllege.3 )______ is knwn, he has gne t cllege.4)We all knw _____ he has gne t cllege.5)He has gne t cllege, ____ made us surprised.6)He has gne t cllege and ______ made us surprised.7) He has gne t cllege, ____ surprised us.8)______ surprised us mst was ______ he has gne t cllege.
8. Keep the bk in a place ________ yu ca find it easily.
Summary
that 、which、whse
wh、whm、 that、whse
Ten years later, we are still friends wh can als greet with each ther sincerely.
十年之后, 我们是朋友，还可以问候。 ——《十年》
Speaking and Singing
I knw I have a pair f invisible wings all the time which can take me t fly and give me hpe.
我知道，我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。 ——《隐形的翅膀》
Yu are like the mst beautiful clud that I have ever seen. Let me try t make yu stay.
你是我天边最美的云彩， 让我用心把你留下来。 ——《最炫民族风》
In the distant East, there is a river whse name is Yangtze River.
遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
There is a beautiful girl whse name is Xiawei.
有一个美丽的小女孩, 她的名字叫做小薇。
句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知空格后是定语从句，先行词是a place,空格处应作地点状语，故用where。
1.【2021·新高考 I 卷 】Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place ________yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching legs.
句意：“例如，Sir Hans Slane 收藏的8万件物品形成了在1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心馆藏”；分析句子结构可知此处应填入定语从句的引导词,结合句意“于1759年开放”可知修饰前面的the British Museum,且在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词which/that。
2.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum _________pened in 1759.
which/ that
根据结构可知,空格后面是一个句子,而空格前是一个名词。结合句意可知,空格后的句子是定语从句。利用定语从句的知识,可判断出用关系副词where。
3.【2020·全国I卷】China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt _______ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
分析句子结构可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句,且关系词在句中替代先行词the pet shp在从句中作宾语,故用关系代词which。
4.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, _________she pened with her late husband Les.
thse作先行词时,关系代词一般用wh;又因为that也可以指人,故填wh/that。
5.【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse______ are ttally engaged in academic life,taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces.
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whse。
6.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
Build up yur vcabulary
bad, glad, mad
by, fly, eye, why
weather, feather, whether
shuting, laughing, singing, running
delicate drama arrange cmpse literary rhythm srrw petry
1. It seems incredible t me that the questin f hw best t ________ bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin.2. The purpse f ________ criticism is t get t the cre f the text and discver what message the authr is attempting t cnvey.3. If yu need t handle a _________ situatin, yu shuld behave wisely.4. The pet _________ quite a few pems featuring the image f cherry blssms, and describing the jys and _________f life. 5. Blank verse is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English ___________. It is s clse t the natural __________ f English speech and it has n rhyming. In Shakespeare’s __________, characters frm civilians t kings all speak in blank verse, but still in distinctive vices.
n. 核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿
n. 诗；韵文；诗节
Culd yu _______ what yu just said?Students are required t _______ ver 60 ancient pems r wrks f prse they have learnt frm their Chinese curse.If yu have finished reading the stry, please try t ______ it in yur wn wrds.
recite/repeat/retell
recite v. t say a pem, piece f literature, etc. that yu have learned 背诵，吟诵，朗诵Each child had t recite a pem t the class.repeat v. t say r write sth. again 重复；重写Can yu repeat yur questin?retell v. t tell a stry again, in a different way 复述，重新讲述Little Emma ften asks her sisters t retell the stry.
recite, repeat, retell
4. Her ________ rse at the apprach f the summer hlidays.5. We culdn’t see any _________ in him. He is s calm in spite f what he has experienced.6. Rainy days always put everyne in a depressed ________.
emtin/md/spirit
emtin n. a strng feeling such as lve, fear r anger 强烈的感情；激情；情感；情绪The decisin was based n emtin rather than ratinal thught. md n. the way yu are feeling 情绪；心情I wnder why he’s in such a md tday. spirit n. the qualities that make smene live the way they d, make them different frm thers 精神；心灵She is a strng and independent spirit.
emtin, md, spirit
1. cherry n. adj. 2. verse n. 3. prse n. 4. versin n. 5. seed n. 6. dminant adj. 7. snnet n. 8. n. 架子；搁板 9. n. 核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿
樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色
诗；韵文；诗节 散文 版本；（从不同角度的）说法 种子；起源；萌芽 首要的；占支配地位的；显著的 十四行诗
10. adj. 空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格 11. n. 平民；老百姓 12. n. 同情；赞同 → adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 13. adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的 → n. 天真；单纯；无罪 14. vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信 → n. 来往信件；通信联系 15. n. 时代；年代；纪元 16. vt. & vi. 播种；种
blank civilian sympathy sympathetic inncent inncencecrrespnd crrespndence era sw
1. 用你自己的话 2. 以独特的声音 3. 在快到……的时候 4. 尽管 5. 在玩耍 6. 樱花7. in tears 8. at rest 9. bring sb great success 10. fall in lve with 11. in secret 12. have an influence n
in yur wn wrds in distinctive vices at the apprach f in spite f at play cherry blssm
1. seed2. sw3. shelf4. cre5. era
A. a perid f time, usually in histry, that is different frm ther perids because f particular characteristics r eventsB. the small hard part prduced by a plant, frm which a new plant can grwC. the hard central part f a fruit such as an apple, that cntains the seedsD. t plant r spread seeds in r n the grundE. a lng flat narrw bard attached t a wall r in a frame r cupbard, used fr putting things n
versin, cmprehensin, blank, dminant, crrespnd
1. Why yu let her talk yu int ding such a flish thing is beynd my .2. I’m trying t think f his name, but my mind is a cmplete . 3. Agriculture is a main industry with a __________ psitin in the ecnmy f ur cuntry. 4. An English f the bk is planned fr the autumn. 5. His stry f what happened that night didn’t with the witness’s versin.
cmprehensin
1. Blank verse is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English petry. 无韵诗可能是最常见和最有影响力的英语诗歌形式之一。 blank adj. 空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格① a blank cheque/frm 空白支票/表格② Hearing the news, my mind went blank. 听到这个消息，我的大脑一片空白。③ I am trying t think f his name, but my mind is a cmplete blank. 我在努力回想他的名字，但怎么也想不起来。④ Please fill in the blanks. 请在空白处填写。
2. In these pems the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings. 在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表现出对儿童感情的同情理解。sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的sympathy n. 同情；赞同① Russian newspapers are largely sympathetic t the president. 俄罗斯报章大都支持总统。② I’m here if yu need a sympathetic ear. 要是你想诉诉苦，那就跟我说吧。③ Our heartfelt sympathy ges ut t the victims f the war. 我们对战争的受害者表示由衷的同情。
3. The English versin f the bk cntains nearly 50 pems. 这本书的英文版包含将近50首诗。versin n. 版本；（从不同角度的）说法① I nly knew the fficial versin f the events. 我对事情的了解仅限于官方的版本。② She gave us her versin f what had happened that day. 她从她的角度向我们描述了那天发生的事情。
4. The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 原因是他们能感受到爱的温暖，享受到童年的纯真。inncence n. 天真；单纯；无罪inncent adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的① Children lse their inncence as they grw lder. 儿童随着年龄的增长而失去天真。② This new evidence will prve their inncence. 这一新的证据将证明他们的清白。③ They seemed s yung and inncent. 他们看上去如此少不更事。
5. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们开始私下通信。crrespndence n. 来往信件；通信联系① enter int crrespndence with sb. 与某人通信② persnal/private crrespndence 私人来往信件③ the crrespndence clumn/page 读者来信专栏④ The editr welcmes crrespndence frm readers n any subject. 编辑欢迎读者有关任何问题的来信。
5. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们开始私下通信。crrespnd vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信① crrespnd t/with 与……相一致；符合② crrespnd t 相当于 ③ He ften crrespnds with his friends. 他常和朋友们通信。④ The American Cngress crrespnds t the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
Review useful structuresBUTIVE CLAUSE
修饰名词或代词的词叫定语
2.有哪些词可以做定语？
形容词、 名词、 副词、数词 、分词、 不定式 、一个句子
在句子中起定语的作用，修饰句子中_________的从句
例：I met a girl ___ knew yur sister.
例：I met a girl ____ I want t marry.
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。
主句
例：She was nt n the train _____ arrived just nw.
例：Is this the bk _____ yu are lking fr?
whse在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物。
例：I like the rm windw faces nrth.
关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。主要有以下几个词：wh, that, whm,which whse
注：关系词在从句中做宾语时关系词可以省略。
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
主句
例: Shanghai is the city I was brn.
when在定语从句中作时间状语。
例: The time we gt tgether finally came.
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
主句
例: Please tell me the reasn yu are late.
关系副词where在从句中引导地点状语从句。关系副词when在从句中引导时间状语从句。关系副词why在从句中引导原因状语从句。
在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。
引导词又称为关系词。分关系代词和关系副词。
遇到以下情况只能用wh，不能用that。
1. 当先行词是ne，nes，anyne，thse时，只能用wh
Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.
The nes wh refuse t refrm shuld be punished as required by law.
2. 当先行词是人称代词时，只能用wh
1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nthing（smething除外），few，all，nne，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，sme，n，little，few，much，each等修饰时：
Abby tld me everything (that) she knew.
All that can be dne has been dne.
There is little (that) I can d fr yu.
Any man that/wh has a sense f duty wn't d such a thing.
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时：
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
This is the best mvie that I have ever seen.
This is the very gd magazine that I left n the playgrund.
After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：
4. 当先行词被the very/nly/same/last 修饰时：
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which
5. 当先行词前有wh,which等疑问代词时：
Wh is the man that is standing there?
He talked happily f the things and persns that he remembered studying in the schl.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me the mst?
6. 当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whm。如： The valley in which the twn lies is heavily plluted. We’ll g t see the famus writer abut whm we have talked.2. 当表时间、地点或原因的先行词在从句中作状语时，也可用“介词+关系代词”结构。介词的选择由先行词与介词的搭配来确定。如：In the ffice, I never seem t have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many peple have gne hme.3. “介词+关系代词”前可由名词、数词或sme, any, nne, bth, all, neither, mst, each, few等代词修饰。如： The classrm, the dr f which is brken, will sn be repaired. He lves his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Review useful structures
1. 先行词是reasn时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用why或fr which引导；关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或which引导。如： We’d like t knw the reasn why/fr which she didn’t accept the jb. There is anther reasn that/which is mre imprtant. 2. 先行词是表示方式的way时，定语从句可用that或in which引导，也可省略。如： Peple liked the way (that/in which) he wrte nvels, s he went n writing.3. 先行词是stage, psitin, situatin, atmsphere等有地点含义的抽象名词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用where引导。如： Yu culd get int a situatin where yu have t decide immediately.4. 先行词是ccasin时，一般要用when引导定语从句。如： I can remember very few ccasins when he had t cancel ur trips.
特殊先行词后的定语从句
1. The Crescent Mn is perhaps the mst famus cllectin f children’s pems. It is knwn t peple in China.2. There are als many pems written frm a child’s perspective. In these pems the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings.3. The English versin f the bk cntains nearly 50 pems. The fcus f the pems is n the parent-child relatinship.4. The initial pems were written frm the perspective f a mther. The mther lves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.5. Many peple lve t read this cllectin f pems. The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd.6. It was written by the Indian pet Tagre. Tagre was the first Asian t win the Nbel Prize in Literature.
1. The Crescent Mn is perhaps the mst famus cllectin f children’s pems that is knwn t peple in China.2. There are als many pems written frm a child’s perspective, in which the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings.3. The English versin f the bk cntains nearly 50 pems, the fcus f which is n the parent-child relatinship.4. Then initial pems were written frm the perspective f a mther wh lves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.5. The reasn why many peple lve t read this cllectin f pems is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd.6. It was written by the Indian pet Tagre wh was the first Asian t win the Nbel Prize in Literature.
If yu study the histry f English literature, yu will find the names f Rbert and Elizabeth Barrett Brwning. They were ne f the mst rmantic literary cuples f the Victrian era. Elizabeth Barrett started t write petry frm abut the age f six. In 1844, Elizabeth’s Pems brught her great success. It als attracted the admiratin f pet Rbert Brwning. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. The cuple exchanged many letters. These letters bviusly helped sw the seeds f lve between the tw. Elizabeth had been ill fr many years. She stayed at hme and almst never saw visitrs. Brwning was sure abut his lve, s he fund a way t visit her, and immediately cnvinced her t becme his bride. Hwever, their subsequent marriage was carried ut in secret. It was because Barrett’s father was a dminant and selfish man. He wuld refuse t let his daughter g. The cuple mved t Italy in 1846. Elizabeth lived there fr the rest f her life. Brwning had a great influence n Elizabeth’s writing. The best evidence that can be fund is Snnets frm the Prtuguese. The snnets were written during the time when she was in lve with Rbert Brwning.
If yu study the histry f English literature, yu will find the names f Rbert and Elizabeth Barrett Brwning, wh were ne f the mst rmantic literary cuples f the Victrian era. Elizabeth Barrett started t write petry frm abut the age f six. In 1844, Elizabeth’s Pems brught her great success and als attracted the admiratin f pet Rbert Brwning. Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. The cuple exchanged many letters, which bviusly helped sw the seeds f lve between the tw. Elizabeth had been ill fr many years. She stayed at hme and almst never saw visitrs. Brwning was sure abut his lve, s he fund a way t visit her, and immediately cnvinced her t becme his bride. Hwever, their subsequent marriage was carried ut in secret because her father was a dminant and selfish man wh wuld refuse t let his daughter g. The cuple mved t Italy in 1846, where Elizabeth lived fr the rest f her life. Brwning had a great influence n Elizabeth’s writing. The best evidence that can be fund is Snnets frm the Prtuguese that were written during the time when she was in lve with Rbert Brwning.
EXAMPLE Bai Juyi was ne f the greatest Chinese pets wh ever lived. He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, which was a perid f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire.
1. 1)Mr Li has three daughters，nne f _____ is an engineer． 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but nne f _____ is a dancer． 2. 1) It was eleven ’clck _____ they went ut f the cinema. 2) It was at eleven ’clck _____ they went ut f the cinema.3 .1) It was in the hspital____ he came acrss a friend f his. 2)It was the hspital ____ he came acrss a friend f his. 4. 1). We shuld g t the place _____ we are mst needed. 2). We shuld g t the place _____ needs us mst.5. 1). Mther didn't cme back n December 25, _____was my birthday. 2). Mther didn't cme back hme n December 25, _____she was busy wrking.
6.1). This is the rm _____ he lived in his childhd. 2). This is the rm _____ he lived in last year.7. 1) The teacher didn’t knw the reasn _______ she was absent yesterday? 2) The teacher culdn’t accept the reasn _______ she explained yesterday?8.1) We must learn t act in ways ______ d nt harm ther living things. 2) I dn’t like the way _____ he spke t his mther. 3) This is the way ____ he thught f t slve the prblem.
that/in which/不填
11.1) _____ we all knw, China is rich in natural resurces. 2) _____ is well-knwn that China is rich in natural resurces. 3) _____ is well-knwn t us all is that China is rich in natural resurces.12. 1) I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the meeting. 2) I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting. 13. 1) _____ leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights._____ wh leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.14.1)This is ne f the mst interesting films _____ shwn last week. 2)This is the very ne f the mst interesting films _____ shwn last week.
15.1) He still lives in the rm _____ windw faces t the east. 2) He still lives in the rm, the windw _____ which faces t the east. 3) He still lives in the rm _____ is in the nrth f the city.
16. 1)______ is knwn is that he has gne t cllege.2)______ is knwn that he has gne t cllege.3 )______ is knwn, he has gne t cllege.4)We all knw _____ he has gne t cllege.5)He has gne t cllege, ____ made us surprised.6)He has gne t cllege and ______ made us surprised.7) He has gne t cllege, ____ surprised us.8)______ surprised us mst was ______ he has gne t cllege.
8. Keep the bk in a place ________ yu ca find it easily.
Summary
that 、which、whse
wh、whm、 that、whse
Ten years later, we are still friends wh can als greet with each ther sincerely.
十年之后, 我们是朋友，还可以问候。 ——《十年》
Speaking and Singing
I knw I have a pair f invisible wings all the time which can take me t fly and give me hpe.
我知道，我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。 ——《隐形的翅膀》
Yu are like the mst beautiful clud that I have ever seen. Let me try t make yu stay.
你是我天边最美的云彩， 让我用心把你留下来。 ——《最炫民族风》
In the distant East, there is a river whse name is Yangtze River.
遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
There is a beautiful girl whse name is Xiawei.
有一个美丽的小女孩, 她的名字叫做小薇。
句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知空格后是定语从句，先行词是a place,空格处应作地点状语，故用where。
1.【2021·新高考 I 卷 】Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place ________yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching legs.
句意：“例如，Sir Hans Slane 收藏的8万件物品形成了在1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心馆藏”；分析句子结构可知此处应填入定语从句的引导词,结合句意“于1759年开放”可知修饰前面的the British Museum,且在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词which/that。
2.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum _________pened in 1759.
which/ that
根据结构可知,空格后面是一个句子,而空格前是一个名词。结合句意可知,空格后的句子是定语从句。利用定语从句的知识,可判断出用关系副词where。
3.【2020·全国I卷】China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt _______ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
分析句子结构可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句,且关系词在句中替代先行词the pet shp在从句中作宾语,故用关系代词which。
4.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, _________she pened with her late husband Les.
thse作先行词时,关系代词一般用wh;又因为that也可以指人,故填wh/that。
5.【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse______ are ttally engaged in academic life,taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces.
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whse。
6.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
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