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所属成套资源：新人教版英语选择性必修第二册PPT课件整册
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- Unit2 Reading and Thinking 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修 课件 2 次下载
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高中人教版 (2019)Unit 2 Bridging Cultures课文课件ppt
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这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 2 Bridging Cultures课文课件ppt，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了Grammar，知识小结，核心词汇等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. Enable the students t master the usage f subject clauses in this unit.2. Enable the students t use the subject clauses patterns flexibly.3. Train the students t apply sme skills by ding the relevant exercises.
Teaching aims
[课前预习案]感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2．引导宾语从句的从属连词that有时可以省略，如句1和句3；两个并列的宾语从句中，第二个that不可省略，如句2。3．名词性从句可在句中作主语，如句4和句5。4．名词性从句可在句中作表语，如句4。5．名词性从句可在句中作同位语，如句4。
右侧所有例句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。1．例句1为what引导的主语从句。2．例句2中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。3．例句3为why引导的表语从句。4．例句4为that引导的宾语从句。5. 例句5中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。6．例句6为that引导的同位语从句。
1. What seemed strange befre nw appears quite nrmal t Xie Lei.2. It’s imprtant that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her scial life.3. That is why tday ver 40% f Califrnians speak Spanish as a first r secnd language.4. Her tutr explained that she was suppsed t read lts f infrmatin t help frm a wise pinin f her wn.5. He made it quite clear that he preferred t study English.6. The fact that she seemed t develp nrmally was very encuraging.
Jack's stry is mving. 名词 What Jack did is mving. 主语从句·在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。·主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
Activity 1: Observe the sentences.
Activity 2: Study the sentences belw and mark the nun clauses. What is the functin f each nun clause in the sentences?
1 What seemed strange befre nw appears quite nrmal t Xie Lei. 2 What surprised Xie Lei was that she fund herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
主语从句；在句中作主语
表语从句；在句中作表语
Activity 2: Study the sentences belw and mark the nun clauses. What is the functin f each nun clause in the sentences?
3 It’s imprtant that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her scial life.
主语从句；that 从句是真正主语
知识小结名词或名词短语可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。当这些名词或名词短语由一个句子替代时，就是名词性从句。名词性从句( Nun Clauses) 是在句子中起名词作用的句子。根据在句中不同的语法功能，可以把名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1 The advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when studying abrad. His wrds were quite helpful t May. （what） 2 Students have t write cuntless research papers as part f their cursewrk . This was nt smething that Chen Ha was ready fr. （that）3 Wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm? This is the questin. （wh）
Activity 3: Cmbine each pair f sentences using the wrds in brackets.
What the advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when studying abrad was quite helpful t May
That students have t write cuntless research papers as part f their cursewrk was nt smething that Chen Ha was ready fr.
This is the questin wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm.
4 Expsure t anther culture and its peple can give exchange students great insights int the wrld. This is an advantage f studying abrad. （that） 5 Schls in the States are quite multicultural，with students and teachers frm many different ethnic backgrunds. This impressed Liu Yang. （It... that） 6 Shuld she stick t her wn way f life r fllw the American way? This is her cnfusin . （whether）
An advantage f studying abrad is that expsure t anther culture and its peple can give exchange students great insights int the wrld.
It impressed Liu Yang that schls in the States are quite multicultural，with students and teachers frm many different ethnic backgrunds.
Her cnfusin is whether she shuld stick t her wn way f life r fllw the American way.
Activity 4: Cmplete the passage with A-D frm the bx.
A that he enjys being with Chinese pepleB Hw he can learn t appreciate it mre deeplyC What impressed him first D that peple can eat almst everything with chpsticks
After just a few mnths in China，Len，an exchange student frm Germany，says that he has fallen in lve with Chinese culture. _________was the Chinese fd. He culdn’t believe hw many different kinds f Chinese fd there are! Smething else he fund impressive was _________. Then there’s China’s clurful culture，frm art t music，and frm calligraphy t literature.
_________remains an imprtant gal fr him，as he is truly fascinated by it. Len is als amazed by the cnvenience f cashless payments in China. He can g utside withut any need fr cash—all he needs is his mbile phne! The biggest reasn why he lves China，hwever，is _________. He has made great friends here—friends that he will still remember lng after his departure .
___________ peple mve t a new cuntry,they ften feel wrried and stressed___________ they dn't knw the custms and traditins f the new place. This feeling is___________is generally called “culture shck”. Kalerv Oberg was the ne___________ first used this phrase.Accrding t Oberg, there are several stages f culture shck. First there is the hneymn perid. During this perid, ___________peple experience is fresh and exciting t them.In the next stage, frustratin, peple ntice mre differences between their wn culture and the new ne. ___________peple usually d
Activity 5: Cmplete the passage abut culture shck with the wrds frm the bx.What are the fur stages?Hw d yu think peple can vercme culture shck?
what that wh when whatever because
abut these differences is either t change their behaviur r return t their hme cuntry. If peple stay, they cme t the third stage which ccurs ___________they begin t adjust t the new culture. They begin t becme familiar with the custms, the thinking, and the habits f the new place. Acceptance is the furth stage.Peple finally begin t fit int the new culture.Differences n lnger truble them as much, and they feel___________they might actually belng in the new place.
▶The fur stages are the hneymn perid，frustratin，adjustment，and acceptance. ▶Peple can vercme culture shck by making a lt f freign friends and jumping right int the culture.
1 That... made Xie Lei cnfused at first. 2 It surprised Xie Lei that... 3 What Xie Lei’s tutr wanted t say was that... 4 The mtivatin fr Xie Lei t study abrad was that...
Activity 6: Wrk in pairs and take turns t talk abut Xie Lei’s experience by cmpleting the fllwing sentences with yur wn wrds.
One pssible versin:That peple in Lndn speak fast and use unfamiliar wrds made Xie Lei cnfused at first. It surprised Xie Lei that her hst family are s keen t learn abut China. What Xie Lei’s tutr wanted t say was that she must acknwledge what ther peple had said if she cited their ideas. The mtivatin fr Xie Lei t study abrad was that she wanted t set up a business in China after graduatin. Xie Lei said that besides studying hard, she als participated in varius scial activities. Acting as a cultural messenger is what she didn’t expect t d befre ging abrad.
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。它们有下列相同之处：（1）连接词相同。①从属连词：that，whether，if，as if，as thugh，because 等②连接代词：wh，what，whse，which，whm，whever，whatever，whichever，whmever 等③连接副词：when，where，why，hw，whenever，wherever 等Whether yu win r nt desn’t matter.你是否赢并不重要。（whether 引导主语从句，不作句子成分）（2）需用陈述语序。
单元语法名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
（3）四种从句一般不用逗号和主句分开。That clurs influence ur mds has been imprved.颜色能影响我们的情绪已经得到了证明。（主语从句）What they are lking fr is their missing dg.他们正在寻找的东西是他们失踪的狗。（主语从句）I just wnder hw he gt the imprtant infrmatin.我就是想知道他是怎样得到这个重要的信息的。（宾语从句）This schl is where my mther wrked frty years ag.这所学校是我母亲 40 年前工作过的地方。（表语从句）There is n dubt that human activities caused glbal warming.毫无疑问人类活动导致了全球变暖。（同位语从句）
单句语法填空(1) Smetimes，_________ we shw ur gratitude t a persn is reflected in the kind f fd we serve him r her.(2)After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at _________ we had been tld was Garden in the Air.(3)The prblem is _________ smetimes when we are given smething n a cnstant basis，we start t take it fr granted and frget t be thankful fr what we already have.(4)I need help nw! I have t fix a leaking pipe in my bathrm but I’m nt sure _________t begin.(5) They are discussing the prblem _________they shuld stp investing mney in that prject.(6) ［词汇复现］ _________ we used t see as smething impssible is nw becming a reality.(7)The prblem is ____________ we can imprve ur reading skill in such a shrt time.
2 that 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别
（1）that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无意义。在宾语从句中可以省略。That he wn the first gld medal in the Secnd Yuth Olympic Games made us excited. 他在第二届青年奥运会上获得第一枚金牌使我们非常激动。（主语从句中不缺句子成分）（2）what 在名词性从句中不只起连接作用，还作句子成分，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“……的”。What impressed me mst in the film was the deep lve the father shwed t his children. 这部电影给我印象最深的是父亲对他的孩子们表现出的深深的爱。（主语从句中缺主语）The bk is what I have been lking fr.这本书是我一直在寻找的。（表语从句中缺宾语）The city is nt what it used t be.这座城市不再是过去的样子了。（表语从句中缺表语）
单句语法填空(1) _________ Bb passed the driving test yesterday made him excited.(2) _________ Bb tld us yesterday was that he had passed the driving test.(3)_________ surprised us mst was that Tm shuld have left withut a wrd.(4)I lked ut f the bus windw and dreamed abut_________ we wuld d while we were n ur trip.(5) She believed _________ all human beings culd learn if given the chance.(6) _________ wrries us mst is wh lets ut the secret.
3 if 和 whether 引导名词性从句的区别
（1）if 和 whether 都可引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。 He hasn’t decided if/whether he will g there.他还没有决定他是否会去那里。（2）whether 引导主语从句置于句首。置于句中时，也可用 if。Whether it is true remains a questin.这是否属实仍是一个问题。It desn’t matter if/whether yu will attend the meeting tmrrw.你明天是否参加会议无关紧要。（3）whether 引导表语从句。The questin is whether he will recver frm his disease.问题是他是否会从他的病中恢复过来。
（4）whether 与 r nt 连用。Let me knw whether r nt yu can cme. 让我知道你是否能来。（5）whether 与 t d 连用。She can’t decide whether t d it. 她不能决定是否要做那件事。（6）whether 作介词的宾语。There has been n news abut whether they have finished their wrk.没有关于他们是否完成了工作的消息。【误区警示】if 可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果……”。If ur manager cmes back frm France，I will let yu knw at nce.如果我们的经理从法国回来了，我将立刻让你知道。
单句语法填空(1)He hasn’t decided _________ he’ll g n a trip t Wuxi.(2) _________ the party will be held mainly depends n the weather.(3) It desn’t matter much _________ yu attend the meeting r nt tmrrw.(4) ［词汇复现］ Mney played a big rle in_________ r nt peple went t cncerts and engaged with the arts.(5) The bears live in utdr frest cages big enugh t let the animals decide _________ t play tgether r stay away frm each ther mst f the day.(6) The researchers attempted t find ut_________ new plants culd lessen air pllutin’s effects.(7)_________ he knws the news，he will be happy.
if/whether
4 because，why 和 that 引导表语从句的区别
在 It/This/That be because/why... 句型中，because 后接原因，why 后接结果。当主句的主语是the reasn时，后面的表语从句由that引导。He didn’t g by bike with me. That’s because there was smething wrng with his bike. 他没和我一起骑自行车去，那是因为他的自行车坏了。（前果后因）His right ft was injured. That’s why he had t drp ut f the game.他的右脚受了伤，那就是他退出比赛的原因。（前因后果）The reasn why he wasn’t chsen captain f the team was that he lacked the spirit f teamwrk.他没有被选中球队队长的原因是他缺乏团队精神。
单句语法填空(1) It is reprted that a huge percentage f bird species are in danger. It’s _________ their habitats r hmelands are disappearing.(2) Mary is a humrus and warm-hearted wman and that is _________ she is a mstppular persn in her cmmunity.(3)The real reasn why I dn’t have a hbby is_________ I dn’t have time.
5 wh-ever 连接词引导的名词性从句
whatever/whever/whmever/whichever 引导名词性从句，意为“任何……”。Whatever yur parents d is gd fr yu.你父母做的任何事对你都有好处。Whever breaks the laws will be punished.任何触犯了法律的人都将受到惩罚。He was free t marry whmever he chse. 他选择了谁就可以和谁结婚。Whichever ne f yu gets the highest mark will be given the prize.你们中的任何人得了高分都将获得这个奖项。
单句语法填空(1)The rganizers prmise _________ wins the first prize a chance t g abrad.(2) Sme summer camps can prvide yu with as many as ten curses，and yu are requiredt chse _________ suits yu best.(3) The ninety-year-ld mther did _________she culd t save her sn.
6 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的从句
（1）常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面从句的句型有：① It+be+ 形容词（bvius，true，natural，surprising，gd，wnderful，funny，pssible，likely，certain，prbable，etc.）+that 从句。It is bvius that Peter gt in tuch with his friends.很明显，彼得和他的朋友取得了联系。 ［词汇复现］② It+be+ 名词词组（n wnder，an hnr，a gd thing，a pity，n surprise，etc.）+that 从句。It is a great pity that yu can’t g abrad fr further educatin.你不能去国外深造真是一个遗憾。③It+be+ 过去分词（said，reprted，thught，expected，decided，annunced，arranged，etc.）+that 从句。It is said that the by has a great gift fr language.据说这个男孩在语言方面很有天赋。
（2） it 作形式宾语的句型有：make it clear that... 说清楚……make it a rule that... 使……成为习惯take it fr granted that... 认为……是理所当然的see t it that... 务必 / 一定……The Internet makes it pssible that we can wrk frm hme.因特网使我们在家里工作成为可能。Dn’t take it fr granted that yur parents d everything fr yu.不要把父母为你做的一切看作是理所当然的。We must see t it that nthing ges wrng n that day.我们务必确保那天不出任何差错。
单句语法填空(1) It is bvius _________ students shuld study hard t realize their dreams.(2) It is nt bvius _________ the lcal gvernment will d t deal with the crisis.(3) It is likely _________ they will g n anther jurney t Tibet.(4) It is a great pity _________ yu culdn’t visit the Frbidden City when yu were in Beijing.(5) It is generally believed _________cmmunicatin skills are becming what it takes t be a gd dctr.(6) It is said _________ the bk has been translated int mre than fifty different languages. (7) I have made it clear _________ I wn’tsupprt yur idea.(8) I tk_________ fr granted that David wuld attend my wedding，but he didn’t turn up at all.(9) See t it _________ all the students will knw the news.
7 It 句型的判定
（1）It is/was+ 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 +that...，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。（2）It is/was+ 被强调的部分 +that/wh... 是强调句型，去掉 it is/was 和 that/wh 后，适当调整语序，句意明确。这也是强调句型与主语从句以及其他句式的重要区别之一。It is clear that he will cme back frm the USA tmrrw.=That he will cme back frm the USA tmrrw is clear.他明天将从美国回来这事很清楚了。（主语从句）It is tmrrw that he will cme back frm the USA.=He will cme back frm the USA tmrrw.正是明天他将从美国回来。（强调句）
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ It is clear _________ Mrs. Brwn has a preference fr the clr f green.(2) ［词汇复现］ It is Mrs. Brwn _________ has a preference fr the clr f green.(3)It was his warning _________ prevented us frm being attacked by the bad men.(4) It is nt surprising _________ he wins tw gld medals in the match，fr he is an excellent player.(5) It was with the help f the lcal villagers_________ the plice fund the missingchildren.
8 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
（1）在主语从句 It is suggested /recmmended/imprtant 中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“（shuld+） d”，shuld 可省略。It is necessary that yu（shuld） aplgize t him.你向他道歉很有必要。（2）在动词 advise，suggest，recmmend，prpse，demand，require，request，rder，desire，urge 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“（shuld+） d”，shuld 可省略。The manager demanded that the wrk（shuld） be finished befre Friday. 经理要求这项工作必须在周五之前完成。（3）在名词 advice，suggestin，recmmendatin，prpsal，demand，requirement，request，rder，desire 等后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“（shuld+） d”，shuld 可省略。His request is that a new bike（shuld） be bught fr him.他的要求是给他买一辆新自行车。
单句语法填空(1)It is suggested that everyne _______________（wear）a mask if he ges ut.(2) The dctr recmmended that my father__________（g） t the sea t breathe in sme fresh air.(3) The bss demanded that the task _________________ （finish） at the end f this week.(4)The general’s rder was that the twn ___________________ （ccupy） befre midnight.(5)It is vital that enugh mney ___________________（cllect ）t rebuild the disaster area.
（shuld）wear
（shuld）be finished
（shuld）be ccupied
（shuld）be cllected
Language pints
教材原句p.16 was s different cmpared t things back hme. ……与家乡的情况相比，一切都是如此不同。
1 cmpared t/with 与……比较cmpared t/with 是过去分词短语，常在句中作状语。可置于句首，也可置于句中。Cmpared t the traditinal nes，the new cellphnes have three new unique functins. 与传统的手机相比，新手机有三种新的独特功能。Hw is yur new huse cmpared with yur ld ne?和你的旧房子相比，你的新房子如何？Cmpared with cash，yu will find a credit card much mre cnvenient carried arund. 与现金相比，你会发现随身携带的信用卡要方便得多。
【归纳拓展】 把……与……比较；把……比作 把……与……比较Life is cmpared t a vyage. 人生好比航海。Cmpare sme recent wrk with yur lder stuff and yu’ll see hw much yu’ve imprved.把你近来的作品与以前的对照一下，你就会知道你的进步有多大。
单句语法填空(1)He is much mre brilliant，cmpared _________what he was befre studying at cllege.(2) Turkey currently has just ne public library fr every 70，000 peple，_________（cmpare） t ne fr every 6，200 peple in the Eurpean Unin.(3) The English famus pet and writer cmpared the wrld _________ a stage.完成句子(4)__________________（与……相比） letters and public phnes，mbile phnes and the Internet are faster and mre cnvenient.(5) If yu ___________________________（把他的工作与……相比）mine，yu will find mine mre accurate.
Cmpared t/with
cmpare his wrk t/with
教材原句p.16I became mre mtivated，and I’m als a lt mre ambitius nw! 我变得更有动力，我现在也更雄心勃勃了！
2 mtivated adj. 积极的；主动的搭配be/becme/get mtivated 更有动力 / 变得更有动力stay/keep/remain mtivated 保持积极性highly mtivated students 热情高涨的学生If yu believe that yu’ll d well，yu’ll be mre mtivated.如果你相信你会做得很好，你会更有动力。
【词语积累】（1）mtivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励be mtivated by 受……鼓舞 / 激励mtivate sb. t d sth. 激励某人做某事What yur parents d fr yu are mtivated by lve，and they expect nthing in return. 父母为你所做的一切都是出于爱，他们不期待任何回报。Chasing a dream will always mtivate us t march frward and achieve even greater success. 追逐梦想总是会激励我们前进，取得更大的成功。（2）mtivatin n. 动力；积极性；动机；诱因imprve/increase/strengthen ne’s mtivatin 提高某人的积极性lack/lse ne’s mtivatin 失去积极性In this sense，mtivatin drives us t struggle fr achievements.在这个意义上，动机驱使我们获得成就。 ［词汇复现］
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ Praise as well as criticism is cmmnly emplyed t keep students _________ （mtivate）.(2) ［词汇复现］ Only by ding s can I adjust myself t sciety mre easily and stay _________（mtivate） twards a better life.(3)Sme peple ___________ （mtivate） by the pay they get，while thers feel t stressed t be like that.(4) We shuld mtivate children _________（read） mre bks in their spare time.(5) ［词汇复现］ Cmpetitin can prvide individuals with the _________ （mtivate） they need t wrk hard and achieve bjectives.完成句子(6)___________________________（动机越强） fr acquiring language skills is，the mre quickly a language beginner will learn.
are mtivated
The strnger the mtivatin
教材原句p.17The advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when studying abrad. 这位顾问谈到了在出国留学时保持合理的期望。
3 reasnable adj. 有道理的；合情理的搭配be reasnable 讲道理It is reasnable t d sth. 做……是合理的reasnable prices/demands 合理的价格 / 合理的要求a reasnable explanatin/excuse 一个合理的解释 / 理由beynd（a） reasnable dubt 没有理由怀疑Be reasnable. Dn’t push me t hard. 讲点道理，不要欺人太甚。Culd yu give me a reasnable explanatin f yur being late fr the meeting? 你开会迟到了，能给我一个合理的解释吗？
【归纳拓展】以 -able 结尾的常见形容词：suit → suitable 合适的cmfrt → cmfrtable 舒服的accept → acceptable 可接受的adapt → adaptable 可适应的agree → agreeable 令人愉快的knwledge → knwledgeable 博学的；知识渊博的
单句语法填空(1)Be _________ （reasn）. Dn’t expect that yur sn changes greatly vernight.(2) The rent is _________ （reasn），but the huse is far away frm my cmpany.(3) It is really reasnable fr yu _________（refuse） his demand.(4) Bamb that is_________ （suit） fr cnstructin needs much fewer resurces than wd.(5) The gal f the event is t spread the idea that littering is nt _________ （accept）.完成句子(6)Even if he___________________________ （给我一个合理的理由），I wn’t allw him t leave.
acceptable
gives me a reasnable excuse
4 expectatin n. 期望；预期；期待cntrary t/against（all/ne’s） expectatins出乎（所有人 / 某人的） 预料in line with expectatins 正如所料搭配beynd（all） expectatins出乎（所有人的） 意料；比（所有人） 预料得更好have high/lw expectatins f sb.对某人怀有很高的期望 / 不高的期望cme up t/live up t /meet ne’s expectatins 不负某人的期望abve / belw expectatins 高于 / 低于预期The result f the match is beynd all expectatins.比赛的结果出乎所有人的意料。I didn’t let my parents dwn. In ther wrds，I lived up t their expectatins. 我没让我的父母失望。换句话说，我没有辜负他们的期望。 ［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】expect t d sth. 期望做某事 expect sb. t d sth. 期望某人做某事 be expected t d sth. 预计……All f us expected scientists t find a cure fr AIDS.我们所有人都期望科学家找到治愈艾滋病的方法。The meeting is expected t last three days. 会议预计持续三天。
单句语法填空(1)We are cnfident in ur _____________（expect） f a full recvery.(2)Cntrary _________ all expectatins，Rbin lst the match yesterday afternn.(3) The result is _________line with expectatins，which makes them very happy.(4) Thunberg will jin wrld leaders wh are expected _________（present） plans t reduce carbn dixide and ther greenhuse gas emissins.完成句子(5) Yu shuld take advantage f this gd pprtunity，and ___________________________________ （不辜负你的老师们的期望）.(6)His father ___________________________ （对……有很高的期望） Jacksn，s he is strict with him.
expectatin
live/cme up t yur teachers’expectatins
has high expectatins f
教材原句p.17Wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm? 谁将是律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请人？
5 applicant n. 申请人a successful applicant 一个成功的申请者ne f the 10 applicants 10 个申请者之一Helen std ut amng s many applicants fr her cmpetence.海伦在众多申请者中因她的能力脱颖而出。 ［词汇复现］【词语积累】（1）apply vi. 申请，请求；适用，有效 vt. 应用，运用；涂，敷，搽；致力于；专心于apply（t sb.） fr（向某人）申请…… 把……应用于……apply t 适用于……apply neself t 专心于
Alan determined t apply t his schl fr a schlarship.艾伦决定向学校申请奖学金。 ［词汇复现］ In this way they can better apply thery t practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。The nurse applied sme medicine t her swllen arm.护士把一些药敷到她肿胀的胳膊上。The rules f safe driving apply t everyne.安全驾驶规则适用于每个人。（2）applicatin n. ［C，U］应用；用途；申请（书）make an applicatin（t sb.） fr sth.（向某人）申请某物（3）applied adj. 实用的；应用的
单句语法填空(1) The ten wmen astrnauts were selected frm amng 1，000 __________（applicant）.(2)We have received hundreds f jb ___________（applicatin） s far.(3)He has applied _________ the tp cmpany_________ a jb.(4) The new technlgy was applied _________medicine.(5)Nw lts f new technlgies can be applied t _________（slve） prblems in industry.(6)He applied _________the psitin as a senir administratr f the department，but his_________ （apply）was nt apprved.完成句子(7)I _______________（已经申请）five universities and am waiting fr the result.(8) He is nw _________________（专心于） the study f traditinal Chinese medical science.
applicants
applicatins
applicatin
have applied t
applying himself t
6 firm n. & adj.（1） n. 公司；商行；事务所an engineering firm 工程公司a firm f accuntants 会计事务所（2） adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的；严格的；严厉的搭配be firm with sb. 对某人严厉take firm actin 采取严厉的行动firm huses 结实的房子firm evidence 可靠的证据a firm date/decisin 确定的日期 / 不能更改的决定firm beliefs/principles 坚定不移的信仰 / 坚定的原则It is my firm belief that educatin can change ne’s fate.我坚信教育能够改变一个人的命运。The lcal gvernment tk firm actin t prtect the envirnment.当地政府采取了严厉的行动来保护环境。【词语积累】firmly adv. 坚定地
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ His parents are firm _________him，because they have high expectatins f him.(2) I _________ （firm） believe that we must take firm actin t stp fighting.完成句子(3) ［词汇复现］ There is __________________（可靠的证据） that smking is harmful t ur health.(4) ［词汇复现］ Yu need t __________________（对……严厉） her r she will take advantage f yu.(5) Our schl _____________________（已经采取严厉行动） t ban cheating.
firm evidence
be firm with
has taken firm actin
教材原句p.17Expsure t anther culture and its peple can give exchange students great insights int the wrld. 接触另一种文化和它的人可以让交换生对世 界有很好的洞察力。
7 expsure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露搭配：expsure t 接触；暴露于……Expsure t the sun at the beach fr a lng time will burn yur skin.在海滩上暴晒很长时间会灼伤你的皮肤。【词语积累】expse vt. 使接触；使体验；暴露；使暴露于（险境） 使……暴露于……；使接触expse sb. as sth. 揭露某人为……Dn’t have yur skin expsed t the strng sunlight.不要让你的皮肤暴露在强烈阳光下。The merchant was expsed as a liar. 这个商人说谎的真面目被揭穿了。【误区警示】 中的 t 是介词，后接名词、代词和动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ The wman scientist later died f injuries related t the _________ （expse）t the harmful substance.(2) Lng-term expsure _________ air pllutin can affect a persn’s mental abilities in tw areas：language and mathematics.(3)______________ （expse） t the sunlight fr t lng will d harm t yur skin.(4) ［词汇复现］ Children _________ （expse）t difficult situatins are better at tackling thse challenges.完成句子(5) Jhn Snw put frward a suggestin that peple shuld nt __________________ （接触） plluted water.
Being expsed
be expsed t
教材原句p.17，an exchange student frm Germany，says that he has fallen in lve with Chinese culture. ……来自德国的交换生莱昂说，他已经爱上了中国文化。
8 fall in lve with 爱上（某人），（与某人）相爱In the film，a beautiful girl fell in lve with a beast.在这部影片中，一个美女爱上了野兽。【词语辨析】fall in lve with 与 be in lve with（1）fall in lve with sb. “爱上某人”，表示动作，是非延续性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。（2）be in lve with sb.“与某人相爱”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。他们已经相爱好几年了。They have fallen in lve with each ther fr years.（×）They have been in lve with each ther fr years.（√）
【归纳拓展】英语中有一些短语意思相同，但一个表动作，一个表状态。表状态的短语中往往含有连系动词 be 或表示状态的 have。
1. Enable the students t master the usage f subject clauses in this unit.2. Enable the students t use the subject clauses patterns flexibly.3. Train the students t apply sme skills by ding the relevant exercises.
Teaching aims
[课前预习案]感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2．引导宾语从句的从属连词that有时可以省略，如句1和句3；两个并列的宾语从句中，第二个that不可省略，如句2。3．名词性从句可在句中作主语，如句4和句5。4．名词性从句可在句中作表语，如句4。5．名词性从句可在句中作同位语，如句4。
右侧所有例句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。1．例句1为what引导的主语从句。2．例句2中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。3．例句3为why引导的表语从句。4．例句4为that引导的宾语从句。5. 例句5中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。6．例句6为that引导的同位语从句。
1. What seemed strange befre nw appears quite nrmal t Xie Lei.2. It’s imprtant that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her scial life.3. That is why tday ver 40% f Califrnians speak Spanish as a first r secnd language.4. Her tutr explained that she was suppsed t read lts f infrmatin t help frm a wise pinin f her wn.5. He made it quite clear that he preferred t study English.6. The fact that she seemed t develp nrmally was very encuraging.
Jack's stry is mving. 名词 What Jack did is mving. 主语从句·在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。·主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
Activity 1: Observe the sentences.
Activity 2: Study the sentences belw and mark the nun clauses. What is the functin f each nun clause in the sentences?
1 What seemed strange befre nw appears quite nrmal t Xie Lei. 2 What surprised Xie Lei was that she fund herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
主语从句；在句中作主语
表语从句；在句中作表语
Activity 2: Study the sentences belw and mark the nun clauses. What is the functin f each nun clause in the sentences?
3 It’s imprtant that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her scial life.
主语从句；that 从句是真正主语
知识小结名词或名词短语可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。当这些名词或名词短语由一个句子替代时，就是名词性从句。名词性从句( Nun Clauses) 是在句子中起名词作用的句子。根据在句中不同的语法功能，可以把名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1 The advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when studying abrad. His wrds were quite helpful t May. （what） 2 Students have t write cuntless research papers as part f their cursewrk . This was nt smething that Chen Ha was ready fr. （that）3 Wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm? This is the questin. （wh）
Activity 3: Cmbine each pair f sentences using the wrds in brackets.
What the advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when studying abrad was quite helpful t May
That students have t write cuntless research papers as part f their cursewrk was nt smething that Chen Ha was ready fr.
This is the questin wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm.
4 Expsure t anther culture and its peple can give exchange students great insights int the wrld. This is an advantage f studying abrad. （that） 5 Schls in the States are quite multicultural，with students and teachers frm many different ethnic backgrunds. This impressed Liu Yang. （It... that） 6 Shuld she stick t her wn way f life r fllw the American way? This is her cnfusin . （whether）
An advantage f studying abrad is that expsure t anther culture and its peple can give exchange students great insights int the wrld.
It impressed Liu Yang that schls in the States are quite multicultural，with students and teachers frm many different ethnic backgrunds.
Her cnfusin is whether she shuld stick t her wn way f life r fllw the American way.
Activity 4: Cmplete the passage with A-D frm the bx.
A that he enjys being with Chinese pepleB Hw he can learn t appreciate it mre deeplyC What impressed him first D that peple can eat almst everything with chpsticks
After just a few mnths in China，Len，an exchange student frm Germany，says that he has fallen in lve with Chinese culture. _________was the Chinese fd. He culdn’t believe hw many different kinds f Chinese fd there are! Smething else he fund impressive was _________. Then there’s China’s clurful culture，frm art t music，and frm calligraphy t literature.
_________remains an imprtant gal fr him，as he is truly fascinated by it. Len is als amazed by the cnvenience f cashless payments in China. He can g utside withut any need fr cash—all he needs is his mbile phne! The biggest reasn why he lves China，hwever，is _________. He has made great friends here—friends that he will still remember lng after his departure .
___________ peple mve t a new cuntry,they ften feel wrried and stressed___________ they dn't knw the custms and traditins f the new place. This feeling is___________is generally called “culture shck”. Kalerv Oberg was the ne___________ first used this phrase.Accrding t Oberg, there are several stages f culture shck. First there is the hneymn perid. During this perid, ___________peple experience is fresh and exciting t them.In the next stage, frustratin, peple ntice mre differences between their wn culture and the new ne. ___________peple usually d
Activity 5: Cmplete the passage abut culture shck with the wrds frm the bx.What are the fur stages?Hw d yu think peple can vercme culture shck?
what that wh when whatever because
abut these differences is either t change their behaviur r return t their hme cuntry. If peple stay, they cme t the third stage which ccurs ___________they begin t adjust t the new culture. They begin t becme familiar with the custms, the thinking, and the habits f the new place. Acceptance is the furth stage.Peple finally begin t fit int the new culture.Differences n lnger truble them as much, and they feel___________they might actually belng in the new place.
▶The fur stages are the hneymn perid，frustratin，adjustment，and acceptance. ▶Peple can vercme culture shck by making a lt f freign friends and jumping right int the culture.
1 That... made Xie Lei cnfused at first. 2 It surprised Xie Lei that... 3 What Xie Lei’s tutr wanted t say was that... 4 The mtivatin fr Xie Lei t study abrad was that...
Activity 6: Wrk in pairs and take turns t talk abut Xie Lei’s experience by cmpleting the fllwing sentences with yur wn wrds.
One pssible versin:That peple in Lndn speak fast and use unfamiliar wrds made Xie Lei cnfused at first. It surprised Xie Lei that her hst family are s keen t learn abut China. What Xie Lei’s tutr wanted t say was that she must acknwledge what ther peple had said if she cited their ideas. The mtivatin fr Xie Lei t study abrad was that she wanted t set up a business in China after graduatin. Xie Lei said that besides studying hard, she als participated in varius scial activities. Acting as a cultural messenger is what she didn’t expect t d befre ging abrad.
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。它们有下列相同之处：（1）连接词相同。①从属连词：that，whether，if，as if，as thugh，because 等②连接代词：wh，what，whse，which，whm，whever，whatever，whichever，whmever 等③连接副词：when，where，why，hw，whenever，wherever 等Whether yu win r nt desn’t matter.你是否赢并不重要。（whether 引导主语从句，不作句子成分）（2）需用陈述语序。
单元语法名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
（3）四种从句一般不用逗号和主句分开。That clurs influence ur mds has been imprved.颜色能影响我们的情绪已经得到了证明。（主语从句）What they are lking fr is their missing dg.他们正在寻找的东西是他们失踪的狗。（主语从句）I just wnder hw he gt the imprtant infrmatin.我就是想知道他是怎样得到这个重要的信息的。（宾语从句）This schl is where my mther wrked frty years ag.这所学校是我母亲 40 年前工作过的地方。（表语从句）There is n dubt that human activities caused glbal warming.毫无疑问人类活动导致了全球变暖。（同位语从句）
单句语法填空(1) Smetimes，_________ we shw ur gratitude t a persn is reflected in the kind f fd we serve him r her.(2)After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at _________ we had been tld was Garden in the Air.(3)The prblem is _________ smetimes when we are given smething n a cnstant basis，we start t take it fr granted and frget t be thankful fr what we already have.(4)I need help nw! I have t fix a leaking pipe in my bathrm but I’m nt sure _________t begin.(5) They are discussing the prblem _________they shuld stp investing mney in that prject.(6) ［词汇复现］ _________ we used t see as smething impssible is nw becming a reality.(7)The prblem is ____________ we can imprve ur reading skill in such a shrt time.
2 that 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别
（1）that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无意义。在宾语从句中可以省略。That he wn the first gld medal in the Secnd Yuth Olympic Games made us excited. 他在第二届青年奥运会上获得第一枚金牌使我们非常激动。（主语从句中不缺句子成分）（2）what 在名词性从句中不只起连接作用，还作句子成分，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“……的”。What impressed me mst in the film was the deep lve the father shwed t his children. 这部电影给我印象最深的是父亲对他的孩子们表现出的深深的爱。（主语从句中缺主语）The bk is what I have been lking fr.这本书是我一直在寻找的。（表语从句中缺宾语）The city is nt what it used t be.这座城市不再是过去的样子了。（表语从句中缺表语）
单句语法填空(1) _________ Bb passed the driving test yesterday made him excited.(2) _________ Bb tld us yesterday was that he had passed the driving test.(3)_________ surprised us mst was that Tm shuld have left withut a wrd.(4)I lked ut f the bus windw and dreamed abut_________ we wuld d while we were n ur trip.(5) She believed _________ all human beings culd learn if given the chance.(6) _________ wrries us mst is wh lets ut the secret.
3 if 和 whether 引导名词性从句的区别
（1）if 和 whether 都可引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。 He hasn’t decided if/whether he will g there.他还没有决定他是否会去那里。（2）whether 引导主语从句置于句首。置于句中时，也可用 if。Whether it is true remains a questin.这是否属实仍是一个问题。It desn’t matter if/whether yu will attend the meeting tmrrw.你明天是否参加会议无关紧要。（3）whether 引导表语从句。The questin is whether he will recver frm his disease.问题是他是否会从他的病中恢复过来。
（4）whether 与 r nt 连用。Let me knw whether r nt yu can cme. 让我知道你是否能来。（5）whether 与 t d 连用。She can’t decide whether t d it. 她不能决定是否要做那件事。（6）whether 作介词的宾语。There has been n news abut whether they have finished their wrk.没有关于他们是否完成了工作的消息。【误区警示】if 可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果……”。If ur manager cmes back frm France，I will let yu knw at nce.如果我们的经理从法国回来了，我将立刻让你知道。
单句语法填空(1)He hasn’t decided _________ he’ll g n a trip t Wuxi.(2) _________ the party will be held mainly depends n the weather.(3) It desn’t matter much _________ yu attend the meeting r nt tmrrw.(4) ［词汇复现］ Mney played a big rle in_________ r nt peple went t cncerts and engaged with the arts.(5) The bears live in utdr frest cages big enugh t let the animals decide _________ t play tgether r stay away frm each ther mst f the day.(6) The researchers attempted t find ut_________ new plants culd lessen air pllutin’s effects.(7)_________ he knws the news，he will be happy.
if/whether
4 because，why 和 that 引导表语从句的区别
在 It/This/That be because/why... 句型中，because 后接原因，why 后接结果。当主句的主语是the reasn时，后面的表语从句由that引导。He didn’t g by bike with me. That’s because there was smething wrng with his bike. 他没和我一起骑自行车去，那是因为他的自行车坏了。（前果后因）His right ft was injured. That’s why he had t drp ut f the game.他的右脚受了伤，那就是他退出比赛的原因。（前因后果）The reasn why he wasn’t chsen captain f the team was that he lacked the spirit f teamwrk.他没有被选中球队队长的原因是他缺乏团队精神。
单句语法填空(1) It is reprted that a huge percentage f bird species are in danger. It’s _________ their habitats r hmelands are disappearing.(2) Mary is a humrus and warm-hearted wman and that is _________ she is a mstppular persn in her cmmunity.(3)The real reasn why I dn’t have a hbby is_________ I dn’t have time.
5 wh-ever 连接词引导的名词性从句
whatever/whever/whmever/whichever 引导名词性从句，意为“任何……”。Whatever yur parents d is gd fr yu.你父母做的任何事对你都有好处。Whever breaks the laws will be punished.任何触犯了法律的人都将受到惩罚。He was free t marry whmever he chse. 他选择了谁就可以和谁结婚。Whichever ne f yu gets the highest mark will be given the prize.你们中的任何人得了高分都将获得这个奖项。
单句语法填空(1)The rganizers prmise _________ wins the first prize a chance t g abrad.(2) Sme summer camps can prvide yu with as many as ten curses，and yu are requiredt chse _________ suits yu best.(3) The ninety-year-ld mther did _________she culd t save her sn.
6 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的从句
（1）常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面从句的句型有：① It+be+ 形容词（bvius，true，natural，surprising，gd，wnderful，funny，pssible，likely，certain，prbable，etc.）+that 从句。It is bvius that Peter gt in tuch with his friends.很明显，彼得和他的朋友取得了联系。 ［词汇复现］② It+be+ 名词词组（n wnder，an hnr，a gd thing，a pity，n surprise，etc.）+that 从句。It is a great pity that yu can’t g abrad fr further educatin.你不能去国外深造真是一个遗憾。③It+be+ 过去分词（said，reprted，thught，expected，decided，annunced，arranged，etc.）+that 从句。It is said that the by has a great gift fr language.据说这个男孩在语言方面很有天赋。
（2） it 作形式宾语的句型有：make it clear that... 说清楚……make it a rule that... 使……成为习惯take it fr granted that... 认为……是理所当然的see t it that... 务必 / 一定……The Internet makes it pssible that we can wrk frm hme.因特网使我们在家里工作成为可能。Dn’t take it fr granted that yur parents d everything fr yu.不要把父母为你做的一切看作是理所当然的。We must see t it that nthing ges wrng n that day.我们务必确保那天不出任何差错。
单句语法填空(1) It is bvius _________ students shuld study hard t realize their dreams.(2) It is nt bvius _________ the lcal gvernment will d t deal with the crisis.(3) It is likely _________ they will g n anther jurney t Tibet.(4) It is a great pity _________ yu culdn’t visit the Frbidden City when yu were in Beijing.(5) It is generally believed _________cmmunicatin skills are becming what it takes t be a gd dctr.(6) It is said _________ the bk has been translated int mre than fifty different languages. (7) I have made it clear _________ I wn’tsupprt yur idea.(8) I tk_________ fr granted that David wuld attend my wedding，but he didn’t turn up at all.(9) See t it _________ all the students will knw the news.
7 It 句型的判定
（1）It is/was+ 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 +that...，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。（2）It is/was+ 被强调的部分 +that/wh... 是强调句型，去掉 it is/was 和 that/wh 后，适当调整语序，句意明确。这也是强调句型与主语从句以及其他句式的重要区别之一。It is clear that he will cme back frm the USA tmrrw.=That he will cme back frm the USA tmrrw is clear.他明天将从美国回来这事很清楚了。（主语从句）It is tmrrw that he will cme back frm the USA.=He will cme back frm the USA tmrrw.正是明天他将从美国回来。（强调句）
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ It is clear _________ Mrs. Brwn has a preference fr the clr f green.(2) ［词汇复现］ It is Mrs. Brwn _________ has a preference fr the clr f green.(3)It was his warning _________ prevented us frm being attacked by the bad men.(4) It is nt surprising _________ he wins tw gld medals in the match，fr he is an excellent player.(5) It was with the help f the lcal villagers_________ the plice fund the missingchildren.
8 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
（1）在主语从句 It is suggested /recmmended/imprtant 中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“（shuld+） d”，shuld 可省略。It is necessary that yu（shuld） aplgize t him.你向他道歉很有必要。（2）在动词 advise，suggest，recmmend，prpse，demand，require，request，rder，desire，urge 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“（shuld+） d”，shuld 可省略。The manager demanded that the wrk（shuld） be finished befre Friday. 经理要求这项工作必须在周五之前完成。（3）在名词 advice，suggestin，recmmendatin，prpsal，demand，requirement，request，rder，desire 等后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“（shuld+） d”，shuld 可省略。His request is that a new bike（shuld） be bught fr him.他的要求是给他买一辆新自行车。
单句语法填空(1)It is suggested that everyne _______________（wear）a mask if he ges ut.(2) The dctr recmmended that my father__________（g） t the sea t breathe in sme fresh air.(3) The bss demanded that the task _________________ （finish） at the end f this week.(4)The general’s rder was that the twn ___________________ （ccupy） befre midnight.(5)It is vital that enugh mney ___________________（cllect ）t rebuild the disaster area.
（shuld）wear
（shuld）be finished
（shuld）be ccupied
（shuld）be cllected
Language pints
教材原句p.16 was s different cmpared t things back hme. ……与家乡的情况相比，一切都是如此不同。
1 cmpared t/with 与……比较cmpared t/with 是过去分词短语，常在句中作状语。可置于句首，也可置于句中。Cmpared t the traditinal nes，the new cellphnes have three new unique functins. 与传统的手机相比，新手机有三种新的独特功能。Hw is yur new huse cmpared with yur ld ne?和你的旧房子相比，你的新房子如何？Cmpared with cash，yu will find a credit card much mre cnvenient carried arund. 与现金相比，你会发现随身携带的信用卡要方便得多。
【归纳拓展】 把……与……比较；把……比作 把……与……比较Life is cmpared t a vyage. 人生好比航海。Cmpare sme recent wrk with yur lder stuff and yu’ll see hw much yu’ve imprved.把你近来的作品与以前的对照一下，你就会知道你的进步有多大。
单句语法填空(1)He is much mre brilliant，cmpared _________what he was befre studying at cllege.(2) Turkey currently has just ne public library fr every 70，000 peple，_________（cmpare） t ne fr every 6，200 peple in the Eurpean Unin.(3) The English famus pet and writer cmpared the wrld _________ a stage.完成句子(4)__________________（与……相比） letters and public phnes，mbile phnes and the Internet are faster and mre cnvenient.(5) If yu ___________________________（把他的工作与……相比）mine，yu will find mine mre accurate.
Cmpared t/with
cmpare his wrk t/with
教材原句p.16I became mre mtivated，and I’m als a lt mre ambitius nw! 我变得更有动力，我现在也更雄心勃勃了！
2 mtivated adj. 积极的；主动的搭配be/becme/get mtivated 更有动力 / 变得更有动力stay/keep/remain mtivated 保持积极性highly mtivated students 热情高涨的学生If yu believe that yu’ll d well，yu’ll be mre mtivated.如果你相信你会做得很好，你会更有动力。
【词语积累】（1）mtivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励be mtivated by 受……鼓舞 / 激励mtivate sb. t d sth. 激励某人做某事What yur parents d fr yu are mtivated by lve，and they expect nthing in return. 父母为你所做的一切都是出于爱，他们不期待任何回报。Chasing a dream will always mtivate us t march frward and achieve even greater success. 追逐梦想总是会激励我们前进，取得更大的成功。（2）mtivatin n. 动力；积极性；动机；诱因imprve/increase/strengthen ne’s mtivatin 提高某人的积极性lack/lse ne’s mtivatin 失去积极性In this sense，mtivatin drives us t struggle fr achievements.在这个意义上，动机驱使我们获得成就。 ［词汇复现］
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ Praise as well as criticism is cmmnly emplyed t keep students _________ （mtivate）.(2) ［词汇复现］ Only by ding s can I adjust myself t sciety mre easily and stay _________（mtivate） twards a better life.(3)Sme peple ___________ （mtivate） by the pay they get，while thers feel t stressed t be like that.(4) We shuld mtivate children _________（read） mre bks in their spare time.(5) ［词汇复现］ Cmpetitin can prvide individuals with the _________ （mtivate） they need t wrk hard and achieve bjectives.完成句子(6)___________________________（动机越强） fr acquiring language skills is，the mre quickly a language beginner will learn.
are mtivated
The strnger the mtivatin
教材原句p.17The advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when studying abrad. 这位顾问谈到了在出国留学时保持合理的期望。
3 reasnable adj. 有道理的；合情理的搭配be reasnable 讲道理It is reasnable t d sth. 做……是合理的reasnable prices/demands 合理的价格 / 合理的要求a reasnable explanatin/excuse 一个合理的解释 / 理由beynd（a） reasnable dubt 没有理由怀疑Be reasnable. Dn’t push me t hard. 讲点道理，不要欺人太甚。Culd yu give me a reasnable explanatin f yur being late fr the meeting? 你开会迟到了，能给我一个合理的解释吗？
【归纳拓展】以 -able 结尾的常见形容词：suit → suitable 合适的cmfrt → cmfrtable 舒服的accept → acceptable 可接受的adapt → adaptable 可适应的agree → agreeable 令人愉快的knwledge → knwledgeable 博学的；知识渊博的
单句语法填空(1)Be _________ （reasn）. Dn’t expect that yur sn changes greatly vernight.(2) The rent is _________ （reasn），but the huse is far away frm my cmpany.(3) It is really reasnable fr yu _________（refuse） his demand.(4) Bamb that is_________ （suit） fr cnstructin needs much fewer resurces than wd.(5) The gal f the event is t spread the idea that littering is nt _________ （accept）.完成句子(6)Even if he___________________________ （给我一个合理的理由），I wn’t allw him t leave.
acceptable
gives me a reasnable excuse
4 expectatin n. 期望；预期；期待cntrary t/against（all/ne’s） expectatins出乎（所有人 / 某人的） 预料in line with expectatins 正如所料搭配beynd（all） expectatins出乎（所有人的） 意料；比（所有人） 预料得更好have high/lw expectatins f sb.对某人怀有很高的期望 / 不高的期望cme up t/live up t /meet ne’s expectatins 不负某人的期望abve / belw expectatins 高于 / 低于预期The result f the match is beynd all expectatins.比赛的结果出乎所有人的意料。I didn’t let my parents dwn. In ther wrds，I lived up t their expectatins. 我没让我的父母失望。换句话说，我没有辜负他们的期望。 ［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】expect t d sth. 期望做某事 expect sb. t d sth. 期望某人做某事 be expected t d sth. 预计……All f us expected scientists t find a cure fr AIDS.我们所有人都期望科学家找到治愈艾滋病的方法。The meeting is expected t last three days. 会议预计持续三天。
单句语法填空(1)We are cnfident in ur _____________（expect） f a full recvery.(2)Cntrary _________ all expectatins，Rbin lst the match yesterday afternn.(3) The result is _________line with expectatins，which makes them very happy.(4) Thunberg will jin wrld leaders wh are expected _________（present） plans t reduce carbn dixide and ther greenhuse gas emissins.完成句子(5) Yu shuld take advantage f this gd pprtunity，and ___________________________________ （不辜负你的老师们的期望）.(6)His father ___________________________ （对……有很高的期望） Jacksn，s he is strict with him.
expectatin
live/cme up t yur teachers’expectatins
has high expectatins f
教材原句p.17Wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm? 谁将是律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请人？
5 applicant n. 申请人a successful applicant 一个成功的申请者ne f the 10 applicants 10 个申请者之一Helen std ut amng s many applicants fr her cmpetence.海伦在众多申请者中因她的能力脱颖而出。 ［词汇复现］【词语积累】（1）apply vi. 申请，请求；适用，有效 vt. 应用，运用；涂，敷，搽；致力于；专心于apply（t sb.） fr（向某人）申请…… 把……应用于……apply t 适用于……apply neself t 专心于
Alan determined t apply t his schl fr a schlarship.艾伦决定向学校申请奖学金。 ［词汇复现］ In this way they can better apply thery t practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。The nurse applied sme medicine t her swllen arm.护士把一些药敷到她肿胀的胳膊上。The rules f safe driving apply t everyne.安全驾驶规则适用于每个人。（2）applicatin n. ［C，U］应用；用途；申请（书）make an applicatin（t sb.） fr sth.（向某人）申请某物（3）applied adj. 实用的；应用的
单句语法填空(1) The ten wmen astrnauts were selected frm amng 1，000 __________（applicant）.(2)We have received hundreds f jb ___________（applicatin） s far.(3)He has applied _________ the tp cmpany_________ a jb.(4) The new technlgy was applied _________medicine.(5)Nw lts f new technlgies can be applied t _________（slve） prblems in industry.(6)He applied _________the psitin as a senir administratr f the department，but his_________ （apply）was nt apprved.完成句子(7)I _______________（已经申请）five universities and am waiting fr the result.(8) He is nw _________________（专心于） the study f traditinal Chinese medical science.
applicants
applicatins
applicatin
have applied t
applying himself t
6 firm n. & adj.（1） n. 公司；商行；事务所an engineering firm 工程公司a firm f accuntants 会计事务所（2） adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的；严格的；严厉的搭配be firm with sb. 对某人严厉take firm actin 采取严厉的行动firm huses 结实的房子firm evidence 可靠的证据a firm date/decisin 确定的日期 / 不能更改的决定firm beliefs/principles 坚定不移的信仰 / 坚定的原则It is my firm belief that educatin can change ne’s fate.我坚信教育能够改变一个人的命运。The lcal gvernment tk firm actin t prtect the envirnment.当地政府采取了严厉的行动来保护环境。【词语积累】firmly adv. 坚定地
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ His parents are firm _________him，because they have high expectatins f him.(2) I _________ （firm） believe that we must take firm actin t stp fighting.完成句子(3) ［词汇复现］ There is __________________（可靠的证据） that smking is harmful t ur health.(4) ［词汇复现］ Yu need t __________________（对……严厉） her r she will take advantage f yu.(5) Our schl _____________________（已经采取严厉行动） t ban cheating.
firm evidence
be firm with
has taken firm actin
教材原句p.17Expsure t anther culture and its peple can give exchange students great insights int the wrld. 接触另一种文化和它的人可以让交换生对世 界有很好的洞察力。
7 expsure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露搭配：expsure t 接触；暴露于……Expsure t the sun at the beach fr a lng time will burn yur skin.在海滩上暴晒很长时间会灼伤你的皮肤。【词语积累】expse vt. 使接触；使体验；暴露；使暴露于（险境） 使……暴露于……；使接触expse sb. as sth. 揭露某人为……Dn’t have yur skin expsed t the strng sunlight.不要让你的皮肤暴露在强烈阳光下。The merchant was expsed as a liar. 这个商人说谎的真面目被揭穿了。【误区警示】 中的 t 是介词，后接名词、代词和动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ The wman scientist later died f injuries related t the _________ （expse）t the harmful substance.(2) Lng-term expsure _________ air pllutin can affect a persn’s mental abilities in tw areas：language and mathematics.(3)______________ （expse） t the sunlight fr t lng will d harm t yur skin.(4) ［词汇复现］ Children _________ （expse）t difficult situatins are better at tackling thse challenges.完成句子(5) Jhn Snw put frward a suggestin that peple shuld nt __________________ （接触） plluted water.
Being expsed
be expsed t
教材原句p.17，an exchange student frm Germany，says that he has fallen in lve with Chinese culture. ……来自德国的交换生莱昂说，他已经爱上了中国文化。
8 fall in lve with 爱上（某人），（与某人）相爱In the film，a beautiful girl fell in lve with a beast.在这部影片中，一个美女爱上了野兽。【词语辨析】fall in lve with 与 be in lve with（1）fall in lve with sb. “爱上某人”，表示动作，是非延续性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。（2）be in lve with sb.“与某人相爱”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。他们已经相爱好几年了。They have fallen in lve with each ther fr years.（×）They have been in lve with each ther fr years.（√）
【归纳拓展】英语中有一些短语意思相同，但一个表动作，一个表状态。表状态的短语中往往含有连系动词 be 或表示状态的 have。
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