高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 1 Living In a Community多媒体教学ppt课件

这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 1 Living In a Community多媒体教学ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了课前自主预习，¤重点单词，警告警示告诫　，停止终止结束　，¤重点词块，¤重点句式，¤课文预读，课堂新知讲练，◇词汇拓讲，语言提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1．pack vi. &vt. ______________ n. ____________2．tankn.____________3．plugvt.____________4．cmplaintn.____________5．vten.____________6．reslutinn.____________
打包包，包裹（储存液体或气体的）箱，罐把……塞住，堵塞；填塞　投诉　投票(指行为)；票数　决定；解决　
7．warningn._____________________8．ceasevi.&vt.__________________9．prpertyn.__________________10．chrusn.__________________11．departuren.__________________12．prejudicedadj.__________________13．bitteradj.________________________________________________
房产；所有物；财产　齐声；副歌；合唱团　离开，起程　　有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的　　愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的　
14．___________ adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少15．___________ adj. 偏僻的，偏远的16．___________ n.边缘，外围17．___________ vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止18．___________ n.(男装)裁缝19．___________ adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
anyhw　remte　edge　arrest　tailr　pleasant　
20．___________ n.暴力行为，暴力21．___________ adv. 确实地22．___________ vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容23．_____________ adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的24．___________ vi. &vt. (使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼25．___________ vi. &vt. 回想，回忆起
vilence　literally　tlerate　unsuspecting　bther　recall　
1．rck band_________________2．be in truble_________________3．be driven mad by_________________4．a full night’s sleep_________________5．从那时起_________________6．采取行动_________________7．对……有偏见_____________________8．在……的边缘_________________
摇滚乐队　处于困境中；有麻烦　被逼疯　整晚的睡眠　frm then n　take actin　be prejudiced against…　n the edge f…　
9．fish tank_________________10．hit sb. ver the head_________________11．nce t ften_________________12．end up_________________13．in a flash_________________14．a large crwd f_________________15．湿透_________________16．一次暴力行为_________________
鱼缸　击打某人的头部　又一次；常常　结束；告终　刹那间；瞬间；立刻　一大群　be wet thrugh　an act f vilence　
1．(P30)The flat-wner said if he had knwn that Ma Ming was a drummer, he ______________(不会把这个公寓租给他). (虚拟语气)2．(P30)______________(得到充足的睡眠) is imprtant fr peple’s health and, after such a chrus f cmplaints, we had t take actin. (动名词短语作主语)【答案】1．wuldn’t have rented the flat t him2．Getting enugh sleep
3．(P31)Fr the last tw weeks, since Smith mved int the flat abve us, we __________(不敢去)nt ur balcny. (情态动词的否定式)4．(P31)She added that it ______________ the water falling nt their balcny frm Smith watering his plants that bthered them, ____________ the way he cleaned his fish tanks. (不仅……而且……)【答案】3．dared nt g　4．wasn’t nly; but als
一、阅读理解(　　)1．What caused Ma Ming’s neighburs t drive mad late at night?A．Singing sngs. B．The nise f drumming. C．Hlding parties. D．Cmplaints frm ther peple. 【答案】 B
(　　)2．One neighbur als claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence n his ________. A．snB．daughterC．ld parentsD．wife【答案】 A
(　　)3．Where did the writer find Ma Ming t knw mre abut the incident?A．In Beijing.B．In Xi’an. C．In Guangzhu.D．In Shanghai. (　　)4．Wh spent a Saturday night in a cell at last?A．James Mckay.B．Keith Smith. C．Laurence.D．Ma Ming. 【答案】 3.D 4.A
(　　)5．Which f the fllwing is NOT true?A．James Mckay is 80 years ld. B．Keith Smith was hit ver the head by James Mckay with a walking stick. C．Keith Smith mved int the flat abve James Mckay abut tw weeks ag. D．James Mckay is a retired tailr, a keen gardener and a stamp cllectr. 【答案】D
二、判断正误(　　)1．Ma Ming mved ut f his rented flat because f his drumming late at night. (　　)2．The flat wner had knwn Ma Ming’s jb befre he rented his flat t Ma Ming. (　　)3．Neighburs weren’t happy even Ma Ming mved ut f this neighbur. 【答案】1—3 TFF
(　　)4．In fact, Mckay is usually a peaceful and pleasant persn. (　　)5．Laurence dared nt g nt her balcny because there was smething scared. 【答案】4—5 TF
1．cease vt. &vi. 停止，终止，结束(P30)We tld him that he ught t cease drumming r leave the prperty… 【翻译】我们告诉他，他应该停止击鼓，或者离开这个房子……
cease　停止；终止；使(某行动)结束过去式：ceased　过去分词：ceased现在分词：ceasing第三人称单数：ceases
I must ask yu t cease talking against yur wn cmrades. 我必须请求你不要讲自己同志的坏话。Cease t struggle and yu cease t live. 生命不息，奋斗不止。cease也可用作名词，意为“停止；停息”。They wrked n withut cease. 他们不停地工作下去。We wrked withut cease t get the prject finished n time. 我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划。
1．cease, pause, stp, halt, quit这些动词均含有“停止”之意。 cease指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在，为书面用词。 pause指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。 stp指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。 halt侧重突然地、决定性地终止、停止某一活动。 quit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。
2．break, rest, pause, interval, recess, cease, stp这些名词均含有“中止，停止，休息”之意。 break为非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间短暂休息。 rest指统称的休息。 pause指短暂的中断或停止，含有再进行下去的意味。
interval指一出戏在幕与幕之间，音乐会上下串场之间或演出中预先安排的休息；也可泛指事件之间的一段时间。 recess为正式用词，指业务活动或工作中短暂的或长时间的休息。 cease为正式用词，侧重逐渐结束某活动或状态，含有永远结束的意味。 stp为普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
cease and desist rder 结束和停止命令ceaseless adj. 不断的；不停的ceaselessly adv. 不断地；不停地
We are nt at rest; we are n a jurney—ur life is a mvement, a tendency, a steady, ceaseless prgress twards an unseen gal. 我们不是在休息，我们在旅途中。生命是一种运动，一种趋势，一个稳步、持续的通往一个未知目标的过程。He, n his chair, scarcely lks at her and smkes ceaselessly. 他坐在椅子上，不怎么看她，只是不停地抽烟。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Yu cease ________(grw) nce yu stp learning. (2)There is a __________(cease) struggle frm nn t night. (3)The papers shwed “a __________(cease) quest by scientists ver the centuries…t test and build n ur knwledge f humankind and the universe. ”【答案】(1)t grw　(2)ceaseless　(3)ceaseless
(4)The rgan wrks __________(cease), beating 100, 000 times a day, 40 millin times a year —in ttal clcking up three billin heartbeats ver an average lifetime. 【答案】(4)ceaselessly　
完成句子(5)The general rdered his trps ________________. 那位将军命令他的军队停火。(6)I think and think and ____________. 我想了又想，一直想个没完。(7)Everyne hpes that tmrrw’s negtiatin ________. 每个人都希望明天的谈判可以停止这场战争。【答案】(5)t cease fire　(6)cannt cease frm thinking(7)will cease the war
2．cmplaint n.投诉(P30)He mved ut f his rented flat after cmplaints frm his neighburs abut disturbing the peace. 【翻译】在接到他的邻居们关于扰乱安宁的投诉后，他搬离了自己租用的公寓。
cmplaint n.怨言；牢骚；抗议；控告；控诉；抱怨；诉苦；发牢骚；控诉状
They argued him int withdrawing his cmplaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。We have been bmbarded with letters f cmplaint. 我们接二连三地收到了大批的投诉信件。
cmplaint还可以意为“诉苦；疾病；委屈”；其复数形式为cmplaints。Eczema is a cmmn skin cmplaint which ften runs in families. 湿疹是一种常见的皮肤病，常会遗传。My main cmplaint is that we can’t g ut n the racecurse anymre. 我抱怨的主要缘由是我们无法再去外面的赛道了。
a cmplaint abut… 投诉……；对……抱怨ldge a cmplaint 投诉；对……提出控告cmplaint centre 投诉中心make a cmplaint abut… 对……提出投诉；抱怨……cmplaint handling 投诉处理chief cmplaint (法律)主诉cmplaints htline 投诉电话；投诉热线cmplaints and claims 申诉与索赔；投诉与索赔
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Peple have been reluctant t make frmal ____________ (cmplaint) t the plice. (2)If yu want t make a ____________(cmplaint), yu’d better fllw the crrect prcedure. (3)There’s been a recrd number f ____________(cmplaint) abut the standard f service. 【答案】(1)cmplaints　(2)cmplaint　(3)cmplaints
完成句子(4)The fd was excellent — I had ____________. 饭菜好极了，我没理由抱怨。(5)The transprt service and _____________ 12328 has been put int use. 12328交通运输服务投诉电话已投入使用。【答案】(4)n cause fr cmplaint(5)cmplaints htline
(6)If yu ______________ yur hliday, please infrm us in writing. 如果你对自己的假期有意见，请以书面形式告知我们。(7)I wish t ______________ a camera which I bught at yur place a week ag. 我要对我一周前从贵处购买的一台照相机提出投诉。【答案】(6)have a cmplaint abut(7)make a cmplaint abut
(8)In view f this, I have decided t __________ yur delivery service. 有鉴于此，我已决定把对您的送货服务正式投诉。(9)In accrdance with specific cnditins, _____ may be made t the exprter, imprter, insurance cmpany r shipping cmpany. 根据具体情况，投诉和索赔可向出口商、进口商、保险公司或运输公司提出。【答案】(8)make a frmal cmplaint against(9)cmplaints and claims
3．departure n.离开，起程(P30)Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighburs. 【翻译】马明的搬离让他的邻居们高兴起来了。【语言提升】
departure 出发；启程；离开。其复数形式为departures。
His departure, in fact, went almst unremarked. 事实上，他的离去几乎没被注意到。A cmputer screen shws arrival and departure times. 电脑屏幕显示出到达和离开的时间。Within ninety minutes the ship was ready fr departure. 90分钟内轮船就准备好了出发。
departure也可以表示“违背”。Such a mve wuld have been a startling departure frm traditin. 这一举措原本会是对传统习俗惊人的背离。
depart vi. 离开；出发，起程；违反；去世adj. 逝世的Flight 43 will depart frm Denver at 11:45 a．m. and arrive in Hnlulu at 4:12 p. m. 43号航班将于上午11:45从丹佛起飞，并于下午4:12到达檀香山。
In the mrning Mr. McDnald departed fr Sydney. 麦克唐纳先生早上起程去了悉尼。departed adj. 已故的；过去的，以往的Apart frm that apartment, the departed department leader was partly partial t this ne. 除了那套公寓外，已故的系领导还有点偏爱这一套。
departure frm 离开；违反；违背pint f departure 出发地departure time 出发时间；撤离时间；起飞时间departure date 启程日期；离开日期departure pint 出发点；启程点；起航点
a new departure 新政策；新方针departure gate 登机口airprt f departure 始发站；起运机场prt f departure 起运港；出发港
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)There are 120 arrivals and ________(depart)every day. (2)________(depart) frm her usual rutine, she tk the bus t wrk. 【答案】(1)departures　(2)Departing
(3)She waited until the last f the guests _______ (depart)．(4)His curage frsk him as he knelt and said a prayer fr his ________(depart) friend. 【答案】(3)had departed　(4)departed　
完成句子(5)She _________ the text t tell an anecdte just nw. 她刚才脱离课文扯到一段轶事上去了。(6)And I knw it is just ____________ fr the next jurney. 不过我清楚这才是另一段旅程的开始。【答案】(5)departed frm　(6)a pint f departure
(7)This decisin represents a significant ________ ________ previus plicy. 这个决定意味着在很大程度上脱离了原先的政策。(8)If yur _____________ is nt in it, please cntact us fr ther fares and schedules. 如果您的出发日期不在这段时间，请与我们联络有关价钱及时间。【答案】(7)departure frm　(8)departure date
(9)The time fr my _____________ Japan was drawing nearer every day. 我离开日本的时间一天天临近了。【答案】(9)departure frm
4．anyhw adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少(P30)Anyhw, I’m nw lking fr a remte huse n the edge f the city. 【翻译】尽管如此，我正在这个城市的边远的地方选择一个偏僻的房子。
anyhw adv. 况且；不过；还是；随随便便地；杂乱无章的“Thanks very much anyhw. ”“It’s a pleasure. ” “无论如何，非常感谢你。”“不客气。”
Anyhw yu must finish this wrk tday. 你今天总要完成这项工作吧。It’s pretty nearly pitch dark nw, anyhw; and there ught t be a bit f a mn later. 不管怎么说，现在天差不多全黑了；过一会儿应该会有点月亮的。
(1)表示“不管怎样”“总之”“反正”等意思，anyhw可放在句首或句末。如：前面所说过的某情况并不重要，重要的是下面要说的话。(2)表示“无论如何”“不管以什么方式”，anyhw可放在句首或句末。(3)表示“随随便便” (＝carelessly)。
I’ve tried, but I can’t pen it anyhw. 我已经试过了，但无论如何也打不开。Anyhw, I will see yu tnight. 无论如何，今天晚上我要见你。The wrk was dne all anyhw. 这工作做得很马虎。
He leaves his bks abut anyhw. 他把他的书随便到处丢着。 It was raining, but I didn’t want t g ut anyhw. 天正下着雨，不过我本来就不想出去。 What a terrible experience! Anyhw, yu’re safe. That’s the main thing. 多么可怕的经历！但是你现在平安无事，这比什么都好。
anyhw和anyway的区分(1)anyhw 作副词时，意思是“无论如何，不论用何种方法；马马虎虎”，多用于英式英语。(2)anyway作副词时，意思是“不管怎样，无论如何”，多用于美式英语。
He wuld g in and see, anyhw. 无论如何，他要回去看看情况。I dn’t knw why I settled n Miami, but anyway I did. 我不知为何定居在了迈阿密，但不管怎样我这样做了。
【针对练习】选用anyway或anyhw填空(1)He said he didn’t knw much abut cmputers but that he’d try and help us ________. (2)________，the nly thing I ever gt frm him was a birthday card when I was ten. 【答案】(1)anyway　(2)Anyhw
完成句子(3)________，yu knw hw Lige is abut his supper. 不管怎样，你知道的，利格非常在意晚餐。(4)The whle thing’s academic nw—we can’t win ________. 现在这一切都是纸上谈兵——反正我们赢不了。【答案】(3)Anyhw　(4)anyway
5．remte adj. 偏僻的，偏远的(P30)Anyhw, I’m nw lking fr a remte huse n the edge f the city. 【翻译】尽管如此，我正在这个城市的边远的地方选择一个偏僻的房子。
remte　adj. 远的；遥远的；渺茫的；年代久远的；边远的；偏僻的；遥控的；远亲关系的；没多大联系的；关系不密切的 n.遥控装置；遥控器
A remte bell is tlling. 远处的钟声响起。My grandparents lived in a remte muntain village. 我爷爷奶奶住在一个偏僻的山村。The medicine was flwn t the remte area. 药品被空运到那个偏远的地区。
remte还可以表示“(时间)遥远的，久远的”。Landslides have cut ff many villages in remte areas. 滑坡阻隔了许多边远地区的村子。The legend ges back t remte antiquity. 这个传说可以追溯到遥远的过去。
remte也可以表示“(在血统、因果等方面)关系疏远的”。Much new knwledge is remte frm the immediate interest f the rdinary persn. 许多新知识与普通人目前的利益关系甚远。
“远程的，远程连接的”也可以用remte来表示。An existing cnnectin was frcibly clsed by the remte hst. 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。remte还可以表示“不很友好的，冷漠的；绝少的；微乎其微的”。
She was a silent girl, cl and remte. 她是一个沉默寡言的女孩，对人冷漠而孤傲。I dn’t have the remtest idea what yu’re talking abut. 你在说什么我一点都不懂。There is still a remte chance that they will find her alive. 他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。
remtely adv. 遥远地；偏僻地；(程度)极微地，极轻地We had never seen anything remtely like it befre. 我们以前从未见过同它有丝毫相似的东西。remteness n.遥远；偏僻；细微；时间久远There is water fr cling, fast fibre-ptic links, and the remteness prvides security. 那里有可以用来冷却的水、高速光纤连接，而且遥远的距离提供了更多的安全。
distant, far, remte这些形容词都含有“远的”之意。 distant语意最强，强调距离。 far除特殊情况外，侧重长距离；也可用作引申意义。 remte侧重指离中心地有利的地方很远。
remte cntrl 遥控，遥控装置，遥控操作remte statin 远距端机装置，对方站remte terminal 远程终端(设备)
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)We had never seen anything ________(remte) like it befre. (2)His ________(remte) made her feel unlved. (3)The mst serius attacks are perfrmed ________(remte) using nly IP cnnectivity. 【答案】(1)remtely　(2)remteness　(3)remtely
完成句子(4)It wrks by ________________. 它通过遥控工作。(5)That happened ____________________. 那发生在遥远的过去。(6)They lived in __________. 他们住在一个偏僻的山村。【答案】(4)remte cntrl　(5)in the remte past(6)a remte muntain village　
(7)The bmb was explded by ________________. 这颗炸弹是遥控引爆的。(8)Transprt and cmmunicatin’s links have taken away the __________________ felt by past generatins. 交通和通讯已经消除了过去几代人心中的偏僻感。【答案】(7)remte cntrl　(8)sense f remteness
6．pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的(P31)Mckay’s wife, Laurene said that, while Mckay is usually a peaceful and pleasant persn, he had been driven t this act f vilence by literally getting wet just nce t ften. 【翻译】迈奇的妻子劳伦说，迈奇通常是一个安静又友善的人，然而，这次暴力确实是由之前多次被淋湿而逼迫所致。
pleasant　adj. 使人快乐的；让人开心的；让人满意的；讨人喜欢的；友好的；体贴的比较级：pleasanter最高级：pleasantest
Please release that pleasant peasant teaser wh brings us plenty f pleasure. 请释放那个带给我们巨大快乐的友好的农民逗趣者。Thrughut the meal, she was extremely pleasant. 一顿饭吃下来，她都和善极了。
pleasant也可以表示“令人愉快的，吸引人的”。This was a new and pleasant revelatin. 这是一个令人愉快的新的启示。Her vice has a pleasant tne. 她的声音有一种悦耳的声调。His sngs are ften bth hypntic and reassuringly pleasant. 他的歌声常常在催人入眠的同时又使人放松愉悦。
pleasant sensatin 快感have a pleasant jurney 一路顺风pleasantly adv. 愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地；友好地pleasantly surprised 惊喜pleasantly cl 清爽宜人pleasantness n. 愉快；快乐；和蔼可亲
Time wre n pleasantly, and likewise smthly, n the whle. 总的来说，日子过得很愉快，也很顺利。Participants were asked t rate the age f the face, the attractiveness f the face, and the pleasantness f the dr. 参与者们被要求评判面容年龄、面部魅力指数和气味的好闻程度。
happy, glad, cheerful, jyful, merry, delightful, gay, pleasant, nice这些形容词均含“愉快的，高兴的”之意。 happy侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。 glad是最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语；指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表示愉快的心情。 cheerful多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
jyful语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。 merry指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。 delightful指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。 gay侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。pleasant侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。 nice语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)She remembered the __________(pleasant) f the evening. (2)“There, sit dwn, sit dwn，” said the Rat _________ (pleasant), “and g n with yur prridge. ” 【答案】(1)pleasantness　(2)pleasantly
完成句子(3)Spring is ________________. 春季宜人。(4)We had _________. 我们度过了一段愉快的时光。(5)Spring temperatures are cmfrtably warm, and fall temperatures are ____________. 春天温暖宜人，秋天凉爽泌心。【答案】(3)a pleasant seasn　(4)a pleasant time(5)pleasantly cl　
(6)Peple are very _____________ by birthday and anniversary cards because it is s sweet f smene t have remembered. 人们在收到生日或周年纪念卡片时总是倍感惊喜，因为被人挂念是件甜蜜的事情。【答案】(6)pleasantly surprised
7．recall vi. &vt. 回想，回忆起(P31)“It was James’ birthday，” Laurene recalled, “and it was such a beautiful night t enjy the starry night utside…”【翻译】“那时是詹姆斯的生日，”劳伦回忆道，“也是欣赏户外星空的一个美好的夜晚……”
recall　v．记得；回想；回忆起；叫回；召回；提醒；使人想起；使忆起；使想起；回索n．召回；记忆；检索率；罢免；回索率过去式：recalled过去分词：recalled 现在分词：recalling第三人称单数：recalls 复数形式：recalls
I can’t recall hw t d it. 我回忆不起这是怎么做的了。I can recall stries that my mther tld me years ag. 我的母亲多年前给我讲的故事，我仍能记得。Hendersn recalled that he first met Pllard during a business trip t Washingtn. 亨德森记起他是在一次去华盛顿出差的途中第一次与波拉德结识的。
recallable adj. 可回忆的；可召回的；可撤销的recall t life 使苏醒recall sb. t life 使某人苏醒beynd recall 不可挽回；不能记起recall frm 从……处召回recall t mind 回想起；回忆起；记得
memrize, remember, recall, recllect, remind这些动词均有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。 memrize指有意识地下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。 remember含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。
recall比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。 recllect指在记忆中搜索，设法想起一时想不起的事情或人，强调过程。 remind指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)He tried _________(recall) the layut f the farmhuse. (2)They were paid nly an average wrker’s wage and were ____________(recall) at any time. (3)“I was s heartbrken when I saw him. I cannt describe it. ” said his elder brther, Xu Linfu, __________(recall) his first visit there, in 2007．【答案】(1)t recall　(2)recallable　(3)recalling　
完成句子(4)It is a decisin ________________. 那是一项无法挽回的决定。(5)Flwers are the best _____________ thse beautiful details. 鲜花是对那些美好细节的缅怀。【答案】(4)beynd recall　(5)recall t　
(6)On my way hme I began _____________ the past. 回去的路上，我便开始回忆过去。(7)I ______________ where I have seen her befre. 我想不起来以前在哪儿见过他。【答案】(6)t recall　(7)can nt recall t mind
1．(P30)The flat-wner said if he had knwn that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wuldn’t have rented the flat t him. 【翻译】房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。【句式剖析】if在此表示“如果”，“he had knwn that Ma Ming was a drummer”是表示过去的虚拟语气。
【句式提升】(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ If＋主语＋动词的过去式( be 动词用 were )，主语＋wuld/culd/ might/shuld＋动词原形”。如： If the weather were fine, we wuld g t Shanghai. 如果天气好，我们就去上海。(事实上天气不好)If they had time, they wuld/culd/might g with me. 如果他们有时间，他们就会(可能)和我一起去。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ If＋主语＋动词的过去完成式，主语＋wuld/culd/shuld/might＋have＋动词的过去分词”。如： If I had taken his advice, I shuldn’t/wuldn’t/culdn’t have made such a mistake. 如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会(不可能)犯这样的错误。
(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ If＋主语＋动词的过去式/shuld＋动词原形/were t＋动词原形，主语＋wuldculd/might/shuld＋动词原形”。如： The glass wuld break if yu drpped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。(事实上没有摔下来)If it shuld rain, the crps wuld/culd/might be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)会得救。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)If I had read the bk, I ____________ yu abut it. 如果我已经读了这本书，我会告诉你关于它的内容的。(2)If he studied at this schl, he _____________ the envirnment arund the schl very much. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会非常了解周边环境。【答案】(1)wuld have tld　(2)wuld knw
(3)If he _______________ Harvard University, he wuld make full use f his time. 如果他上了哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。【答案】(3)shuld g t
2．(P30)Getting enugh sleep is imprtant fr peple’s health and, after such a chrus f cmplaints, we had t take actin. 【翻译】获得充分的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，而且，在这样一系列的抱怨之后，我们不得不采取行动。【句式剖析】“Getting enugh sleep”是动名词短语，在本句中充当谓语动词is的主语。
【句式提升】动名词是英语中动词的非谓语形式的一种，起名词的作用。在动名词短语中，动名词还保留动词的属性，如可以带有自己的宾语、状语等。 (1)动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况： ①直接位于句首作主语。Swimming is a gd sprt in summer. ②用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词作主语时，不太常用 it 作形式主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
It is n use telling him nt t wrry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wnderful，enjyable，interesting，flish，difficult，useless，senseless，wrthwhile等。 注意：imprtant, essential, necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
③用于“There be”句型中。There is n saying when he’ll cme. 很难说他何时来。 ④用于布告形式的省略结构中。N smking. ＝N smking is allwed (here)．N parking.
⑤动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。Their cming t help was a great encuragement t us.
(2)动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。试比较： Smking is nt gd fr health. It is nt gd fr yu t smke s much.
注意： ①在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的比不定式常见。②在“It is n use…”，“It is n gd…”，“It is fun…”，“It is a waste f time…”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语。 It is n use/gd/a waste f time talking abut that. ③在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语。Des yur saying that mean anything t him?
④在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。There is n telling what will happen. ⑤当句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一。Seeing is believing. (＝T see is t believe. )眼见为实。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)__________(talk) t him is talking t a wall. (2)__________(smke) may cause cancer. (3)__________(walk) is my sle exercise. (4)__________(talk) mends n hles. 【答案】(1)Talking　(2)Smking　(3)Walking　(4)Talking　
完成句子(5)____________________ is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(6)____________ is interesting. 爬山很有趣。【答案】(5)Wrking with yu　(6)Climbing muntains　
(7)____________________ during the rush hur is tiring. 在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(8)____________ is prhibited here. 这里禁止抽烟。【答案】(7)Driving a car　(8)Smking
一、课文语法填空Ma Ming, a drummer and bachelr, held parties every night, 1.______ has caused many cmplaints frm his neighburs abut 2.____ (lse) f sleep. They say they were being driven mad 3.____ (expse) t such nise. Since they mved int the building, they have 4.______(rare) gt a full night’s sleep. They even culdn’t get 5.______(relax) r read withut plugging their ears. 【答案】1．which　2．lss　3．expsed　4．rarely　5．relaxed　
Mrever, ne neighbur thinks Ma Ming is 6.______ alchlic and had a bad influence 7.______ his sn. Finally, the lcal cuncil tk actin. Ma Ming had t leave his 8.______(furnish) apartment. His 9.______(depart) has made his neighburs’ life return 10.______ nrmal. 【答案】6．an　7．n　8．furnished　9．departure　10．t
二、完成句子1．Therefre, try nt t __________________ anyne just because his taste is different frm yurs. 因此，不要只因别人与你品味不同就对他们怀有偏见。2．Last mnth I __________________ with the plice. 上个月我跟警察有些纠纷。【答案】1．be prejudiced against　2．was in truble
3．Damming the river _________ benefiting thse wh need it the least. 在河上建大坝最终可能有利于那些最不需要大坝的人。4．The answer had cme t him ___________. 他一下子就有了答案。5．Firefighters _____ immediately t stp the blaze spreading. 消防队员立即采取了行动制止大火蔓延。【答案】3．may end up　4．in a flash　5．tk actin
三、微写作从前有个国家非常和谐并充满正义(justice)。但是一场未预料的冲突(cnflict)发生了，因为有一个大臣背叛(betray)了他的国家，冲突持续了三个月。最终国王和这个大臣达成协议(make a cmprmise with)，国王不得不把权力交给(hand ver)这个大臣。从那时起，整个国家就处于(be expsed t)新的冲突和恐慌之中。许多人无法忍受，不得不离开他们的国家。
One pssible versin：Once a cuntry was very harmnius and full f justice. But an unexpected cnflict, which lasted 3 mnths, brke ut because a minister betrayed his cuntry. The King had t make a cmprmise with the minister at last and handed ver pwer t him. Frm then n, the whle cuntry was expsed t new cnflicts and panic s that many peple culdn’t stand and had t leave their wn cuntry.
【例句观察】1．Plice had t break up the crwd. 2．I culdn’t trust him anymre. 3．Yu ught t have been mre careful. 4．Yu dn’t have t wrry n that thing. 5．She dared nt breathe a wrd f it t anybdy.
【我的领悟】以上每个句子中都含有情态动词。其中，________和__________是表示过去的意义。have t用于否定句中时，前面要加__________。Keys: had t, dared; 助动词
一、定义情态动词本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
二、位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则置于助动词之前。在疑问句中，情态动词则置于主语之前。
I can see yu. Cme here. 我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away. 他一定走了。Hw dare yu treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们！
三、用法情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“nt”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来时。情态动词没有被动语态，也没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
He culd be here sn. 他很快就来。We can’t carry the heavy bx. 我们搬不动那重重的箱子。She dare nt say what she thinks. 她不敢说她所想的。
四、几个重要的情态动词1．have thave t意为“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have t则往往强调客观需要，有被动接受的意思。可用于过去时态中；没有疑问句形式，疑问句用must代替。其否定式为dn’t have t，表示“不必”。
I have t g nw, because my mther is in hspital. 我现在得走了，因为我母亲还在医院。My brther was very ill, s I had t call the dctr in the middle f the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，因此我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
The teacher said that there were many mistakes in my test paper, s I had t g ver it again. 老师说我的试卷中有很多错误，所以我只好再检查一遍。Yu dn’t have t g there. 你不一定要去那里才行。
2．dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。过去式形式为dared。—Dare yu tell her the truth? ——你敢告诉她真相吗？—Yes, I dare. /N, I daren’t. ——是的，我敢/不，我不敢。
He daren’t admit this. 他不敢承认这件事。Hw dare yu say I’m unfair?你怎么敢说我不公平呢？
3．can/culdcan/culd 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)与可能。表示过去有能力时要用culd。表达具体某件事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用culd，may或might。表示请求时，在口语中常用culd代替can，使语气更委婉。在回答提问时需用can或may，不能用culd或might。
Tw eyes can see mre than ne. 两只眼比一只眼看得真。I can speak fluent English nw, but I culdn’t last year. 我现在可以流利地说英语了，但是去年不行。Culd the girl read befre she went t schl? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？Yu mustn’t smke while yu’re walking arund in the wds. Yu culd start a fire. 在树林里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
Culd yu have her call me back when she gets hme, please?当她回家时，您能叫她给我回个电话吗？I wnder if I culd just ask yu t sign this. 我是否可以请您在这里签名呢？—Culd I brrw yur dictinary? 我能借用你的词典吗？—Yes, f curse, yu can. / 是的，当然可以。—N, I’m afraid nt/N，yu can’t/N，yu may nt. 不，恐怕不行。
4．ught tught t 表示“应该；应当”，也可表示义务或责任，比shuld语气重；还可用来表示推测。ught t的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意(客观推测)。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ught t。
Yu ught t take care f him. 你应该照看他。—Ought I g nw? 我现在应该去吗？—Yes, yu ught t. /N, yu ughtn’t t. 是的，你应该去/不，你不应该去。Yu ught t bring the child here. 你应该带那个孩子来这里。He ught t be hme by nw. 现在他应该在家里。
完成句子1．Yu __________________ anything. 你们什么都不敢说。2．I think I _____________ get back t wrk. 我想我应该重新工作了。【答案】1．dare nt say　2．ught t
3．I __________________ my innermst feelings t anyne. 我不能向任何人表达我内心深处的感情。4．We have _____________ adapt quickly t the new system. 我们不得不迅速适应新制度。【答案】3．culd nt express　4．had t
5．________ yu _____________ the wds? 你敢穿过那片森林吗？6．It is the envelpe they ________________. 这个是大家都不敢拆开的信封。【答案】5．Dare; g thrugh　6．dare nt pen
一、单词拼写1．Black cffee leaves a __________(苦的) taste in the muth. 2．They ffered me a jb, __________(打包) bxes in a warehuse. 3．The gvernment is pressing fr an early __________(解决) f the dispute. 【答案】1．bitter　2．packing　3．reslutin
4．I will never __________(停止) t chase after my dream. 5．He is an extremely __________(和蔼可亲的)and bliging man. 6．Yu’re standing near a track as an ut-f-cntrl train hurtles twards five __________(无提防之心的) peple. 【答案】4．cease　5．pleasant　6．unsuspecting
二、单句语法填空1．The church is ______ (remte) situated n the nrth cast f the island. 2．______ (depart) guests are asked t check ut by nn. 3．_______ (cmplaint) seemed t be an everyday ccurrence. 【答案】1．remtely　2．Departing　3．Cmplaints
4．These few lines disclse the gd humur and ________ (pleasant) f this great genius. 5．On the cntrary this knwledge must cntinually be renewed by ____________ (cease) effrt, if it is nt t be lst. 【答案】4．pleasantness　5．ceaseless
三、完成句子1．Fd shrtages are ___________ a prblem. 食物短缺不再是个问题。2．Her marriage __________________ and she is desperately unhappy. 她的婚姻陷入困境，她为此非常郁闷。【答案】1．n lnger　2．is in truble
3．We must _________ the prblem befre it spreads t ther areas. 我们必须采取行动，在问题扩展到其他地区之前将其解决。4．If yu always give in t thers yu will ____________ feeling like a drmat. 如果你总是屈服于别人，你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包。【答案】3．take actin t deal with　4．end up