2019外研版 Book 1 短语讲义
展开Unit 1
make/leave a(n)... impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
impress sb. (with sth.) (某事)给某人留下印象
be impressed by/with... 被……所感动；对……有印象
argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩/反对……
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one's view 在某人看来
figure out 计算出；想出；弄明白，理解
keep one's figure 保持体形
make the most use of 充分利用
make up 化妆
make sense 有意义；能理解
make out 理解；辨认出
make a difference 有影响；有作用
face a challenge 面临挑战
accept a challenge 接受挑战
meet a challenge 迎接挑战
under pressure 在压力下 （注意：无冠词）
under the pressure of 在……的压力下
take part in 参加
take an active part in 积极参加
play a part in 在……中起作用
play the part of 扮演……的角色
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据；继续；接受
take in 欺骗；理解
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take over 掌管；控制
take off 休息；(飞机)起飞；事业腾飞
for sure(＝for certain) 肯定；毫无疑问地
be sure about/of 对……确信；对……有把握
be sure to do 一定；必定
make sure 弄清楚；查明
make sure of(doing) sth. 弄清楚/查明/确信(做)某事
depend on sb. to do sth. = depend on sb. doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
be doing …when… 正在做…这时…
be about to do... when... 正要做……这时……
too... to do sth. “太…而不能做某事”
so... that...“如此……以至于……”
Unit 2
behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对某人表现良好/糟糕
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
confuse... with/and... 把……和……混淆
reflect on/upon 仔细考虑；沉思；反省
make contact with＝get in/into contact with 与……取得联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb. that... 使某人想起……
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended to do 为了做…
be intended for专门为…而设计的/专供…使用的
be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
burn up 烧尽；烧毁；燃烧能量；火烧旺
burn down 全部焚毁；(火势)减弱
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力
be made up of＝consist of 由……组成
注：be made up of 和consist of都是表示“由……组成”，但是consist of 只能用主动形式，不可用于被动语态。
be made of 由…材料制成(看出原材料)
be made from 由…材料制成(看不出原材料)
have trouble (in) doing sth. = have difficulty with sth. = have a hard time in doing sth.做某事有困难
This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为……
The reason why... is that...……的原因是……
not only... but(also)... 不但…而且…
Unit 3
an approach to… ……的方法；去……的道路
at the approach of… 在……将要来到的时候
in this way to do/of doing sth. = with this method of doing sth. 用这种方法做某事
in a… manner of doing sth. 以…方式做某事
focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于
focus/fix one’s attention on… 把注意力集中到……
the focus of attention 关注的焦点
assume… to be… 认为…是…；假定…是…
It is assumed that… 人们认为……
make an assumption 作出假设
respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事尊敬某人/物
show/have respect for… 对…表示尊重/尊敬
win/gain/earn the respect of… 赢得…的尊重
give/send one’s respects to… 代某人向…问候
be suitable for… 适合于……
be suitable to do… 适合做……
despite＝in spite of 尽管
regardless of 不管，不顾
despite/in spite of the fact that… 尽管事实上…
regardless of 不管，不顾
aim to do sth.＝aim at doing sth. = be aimed at doing sth. 目标是…；旨在做某事，力争做某事
aim sth. at... 把某物瞄准……
take aim at sth. 瞄准某物；对准某物
achieve/realize one's aim 实现目标 with the aim of 为了……
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩/赞赏某人
express/have admiration for 对…表示敬佩 with/in admiration 钦佩地
judge … by / from ... 以…来判断，从…来看
as far as I can judge 据我判断
judging from/by 据判断
make a judgment 做出判断
in one’s judgment 在某人看来
never / don’t judge a book by its cover勿以貌取人
settle in/into 安顿下来；习惯于；适应
settle for 勉强接受；将就
settle down (使)安定；安居； (使)平静下来
settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到（书的某页）
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn on 打开（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn off 关上（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn out 结果是，证明是；生产出
turn up 开大；出现
turn… into… 把…变成…
be interested in 对……感兴趣
take/have (an)/no interest in… 对…感/不感兴趣
lose interest in… 对…失去兴趣
develop one’s interest in…培养某人某方面的兴趣
in the end 最终
put/bring an end to(=put/bring sth. to an end)
结束，终止
come to an end 结束，告终
at the end (of) （……的）尽头
from beginning to end 从头到尾
end up with 以……结束
in the lead 领先
take the lead 占主要地位；领先，带头
lead a happy/quiet life 过幸福/宁静的生活
lead to 导致；通向
lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某个地方
with+宾语+宾补的复合结构，在句中作状语，表示时间。除了表示时间外还可表示原因、方式、条件或伴随等。
with的复合结构具体形式有：
(1)with+宾语+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open.
(2)with+宾语+副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
(3)with+宾语+介词短语
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
(4)with+宾语+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
He felt more uneasy with the whole class looking at him.
(5)with+宾语+过去分词（表示被动或完成）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
(6)with+宾语+动词不定式（表示动作尚未发生）
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
动名词（短语）作主语
(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作
(2)谓语动词用单数
(3)有时用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句尾
Unit 4
lose track of 不了解…的情况，不了解…的动态
keep track of 与…保持联系；了解…的动态
get in touch (with) （与…）取得联系
keep/stay in touch (with) （与…）保持联系
lose touch (with) （与…失去联系）
lose sight of 看不见；忽略；失去与…的联系
lose one’s way 迷路
lose one’s breath 喘不过气
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
lose one’s air/temper 发脾气
lose one’s mind 失去理智
advance on/towards sb./sth. 向某人/某物前进
in advance 在前面；领先
make an advance/advances 取得进步
enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
tend to/towards sth. 倾向于；有…的趋势
tend to do sth. 有…的倾向；有…的习惯；倾向于
tend (to) sb./sth. 照料；护理
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
with patience 耐心地
be anxious about sth. 为…担心/担忧
be anxious for sth./to do sth. 渴望某事/做某事
with anxiety 焦虑地
be set in 以…为背景
set down 放下，记下
set off 出发，动身（与for连用）；使爆炸；引起
set out 出发；开始做某事（to do sth.）
set about 着手（做某事）(doing sth.)
set up 建立，树立，搭起
have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事
make a fortune 发财
try one’s fortune 发财
be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 有幸做某事
in the distance 在远方，在远处
at a distance 稍远处
at a distance of 在…远的地方
in view 在视野中
think of 想起，想到
be up to 忙于某事
keep in mind 记住
share … with 同…分享…
long for 渴望
mix … with 把…同…混合在一起
according to 根据
in fact 事实上
agree with 同意；赞成
begin with 以…开始
ought to 应该，应当
work out 详细拟定，规划
hear from 收到..的来信
Unit 5
measure… by… 用…来衡量…
take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施（做某事）
make … to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸制作…
in a(an) … position 处于…的地位/处境
in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置
hold the position of 担任…的职务
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine sb. to do sth. 下决心让某人做某事
determine that 决定…
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事（表示状态）
a solution to sth. 某事的解决方法
solve a problem 解决一个问题
the answer/reply to… …的答案
the entrance to… …的入口
the door to… …的门
the attitude to… 对…的态度
the damage to… 对…的破坏
the approach to… …的途径/方法
the key to… …的钥匙/答案
be amazed at/by 对…很惊奇
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
(much)to one’s amazement令某人(非常)惊讶的是
cut down 砍倒；缩减；降价
cut in 插嘴；打断
cut off 切断；阻断；隔绝
cut up 切碎
lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通向…
lead sb. to do… 使某人做…
lead sb. to… 带某人去…
lead the way 带路
pay attention to 注意
be/get used to 习惯于
belong to 属于
turn to 转向；求助于
get down to 着手/开始认真做
survive on 靠…继续维持生活
survive+n.(the fire/earthquake) 从（火灾、地震等）中生还
add to 增加
add… to 把…添加到…
add up 加起来
add up to 加起来达到
add that… 补充说…
observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
observe sb. do sth.=sb. be observed to do sth. 看到某人做了某事/某人做某事被看到了
observe sb./sth. done 注意到某人/某物被…
a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的
vary from… 从…到…不等
concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心于（做）某事
concentrate… on/upon… 把…专注于…
concentrate attention on/upon、fix/focus one’s attention/mind on/upon、be absorbed in、bury oneself in/be buried in sth.、put one’s heart into 集中精力于……
stare at 盯着看
glare at 怒视
glance at 扫视
after all 毕竟，终究，归根结底（句首）
in all 总计，总共
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
at all （否定句）根本；（疑问句）到底；究竟
first of all 首先
manage to do 设法做成…
feed on 以…为食
know about 知道，了解
compare… to… 把…与…进行比较
in the wild 在自然环境下；在野外
be famous/known for 因…而出名
at a speed of 以…速度
fall off 跌落；减少
show respect to 对…表示尊敬
Unit 6
prevent/stop/keep… from doing sth. 阻止…做某事
protect… from 保护…不受…侵袭；挡住；防御
keep… doing sth. 使…一直做某事
be designed for sb./sth. 为某人/某事而设计
be designed to do sth. 旨在做某事
by design = on purpose 故意地，蓄意地
connect… with/to… 把…与…联系/连接起来
be connected with 与…有关系/联系
have a/no connection with 与…有/没有联系
be related to、have something to do with 与…有关
do harm to sb./sth. = do sb./sth. harm 对…有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害
be harmful to 对…有害
attract/draw/catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
limit… to… 把…限制到…
have an effect on 对…有影响
bring/carry/put… into effect 实施；使生效
come/go into effect=take effect 开始生效；开始实施
sb. spend some time/money on sth. 某人在某事（某物）上花费多少时间/金钱
sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事
to do sth. takes sb. some time 做某事花费了某人多少时间
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费（某人）多少时间
sth. cost(sb.) some time/money 某事（某物）花费（某人）多少时间/金钱
sb. pay some money for sth./to do sth. 某人为某物（某事）花费多少金钱/某人花费多少金钱做某事
be home to …的故乡/所在地/发源地
as far as 远到…
from bottom to top 从下到上
go to (the) trouble to do 不辞劳苦做…；费力做…
wash away 冲掉；冲走
in harmony with 与…协调一致；与…和谐
once again 再一次；又一次
pass down 传递；传下来
be located in 坐落于
separate… from… 把…与…分开
be good for 对…有好处
in doubt 存在疑问；怀疑
reflect on 仔细考虑，思考
come onto the market 上市
give sb. a helping hand 帮助某人
