2022届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三三模5月英语试题含答案

这是一份2022届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三三模5月英语试题含答案，共26页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三三模5月英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
If you’re traveling to South America in summer, you should have Patagonia (at the southern end of South America) high up on your list of things to do. With this list, I show you the best places to visit in Patagonia. The climate down there is pretty rough, especially in the very south — if you plan to do hiking or camping, the best time for a trip is between the end of November and the beginning of March.
1. Bariloche, Argentina
The fact that Bariloche is well connected (airport, direct bus to and from Buenos Aires) makes it the perfect starting point of a round trip through Patagonia. But more than that: the combination of mountains, lakes and green forests results in its beautiful scenery.
2. Futaleufú, Chile
Further down south and a bit harder to access is the small Chilean village Futaleufú which is located at the border to Argentina. The reason which makes it worth it: the Futaleufú River is often referred to as one of the best white water spots for rafting in the world. The landscape along the river is unique and, due to its location, still pretty much untouched.
3. Puerto Rio Tranquilo, Chile
If you want to get there quickly, you should travel through Argentina and cross over to Chile Chico as this place is also very remote. The reason to do so: the marble caves in the General Carrera lake.
4. Torres del Paine, Chile
Personally the national park Torres del Paine is my number 1 attraction in Patagonia — you should take some time and do a multi-day trek to experience as much of it as possible: glaciers, forests, impressive mountain ranges, lagoons and rivers.
1. What is the best time for hiking in Patagonia?
A. October 1—November 1 B. December 25—January 15
C. March 5—April 1 D. November 5—June 7
2. Which of the following about the Futaleufú River is true?
A. It lies in an easily accessible village. B. It is ignored due to rafting sports.
C. It is the best rafting river in the world. D. It still has untouched landscapes.
3. Which place attracts the author most in Patagonia?
A. Bariloche. B. Futaleufú.
C. Puerto Rio Tranquilo. D. Torres del Paine.
【答案】1．B
2．D
3．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。作者向读者介绍去巴塔哥尼亚（Patagonia）最值得一游的一些地方。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“if you plan to do hiking or camping, the best time for a trip is between the end of November and the beginning of March.”（如果你打算徒步旅行或露营，旅行的最佳时间是在11月底到3月初之间。）以及选项可知，B项December 25—January 15（12月25日—1月15日）时间符合。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“the Futaleufú River is often referred to as one of the best white water spots for rafting in the world. The landscape along the river is unique and, due to its location, still pretty much untouched.”（Futaleufú河经常被称为世界上漂流的最佳白水景点之一。沿河风景独特，由于其地理位置，至今几乎未开发）可知，由于地理位置，现在Futaleufú还有很多未开发的地方。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Personally the national park Torres del Paine is my number 1 attraction in Patagonia.”（就我个人而言，Torres del Paine国家公园是我在Patagonia的第一大景点。）可知，Torres del Paine最吸引作者。故选D项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography.”
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.”
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. “This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.”
4. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Doogue?
A. Why Doogue wanted to end his life. B. Why Doogue took up photography.
C. How Doogue became depressed. D. When Doogue turned photographer.
5. How did photography benefit Doogue?
A. It gave him a new way to express himself.
B. It provided him with life-saving skills.
C. It helped him to escape from pressure.
D. It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
6. What causes Scottish men to develop mental health problems?
A. The way men employ to solve problems.
B. The lack of love for men’s life and work.
C. The worry that men get separated from people.
D. The belief that men are expected to be strong.
7. What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text?
A. To warn the seriousness of mental problems.
B. To show the benefits of nature photography.
C. To introduce Doogue’s fighting depression.
D. To advise the readers to get close to nature.
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．D
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述自然摄影师Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography.”(34岁的马特·杜格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。“一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，”道格说。“当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。”)”可知，文章第一段主要讲述Doogue从事摄影的原因。故选B。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic.(它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。)”可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue.(尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。“我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，”道格说。)”可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography.”(34岁的马特·杜格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。“一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，”道格说。“当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。”)”及第三段中的“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. (尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。)”可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人，故选C。
A group of scientists are hurrying to document ancient ruins on the US territory of Puero Rico. The scientists are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island’s history.
Scientists hope to use the 3-D images they have taken to help identify which sites are most at-risk to natural disasters and other dangers. Falko Kuester, a scientist, said, “A big part of what we’ re working on is to make the invisible visible and make sure it stays in our memory.”
Scientists first explored a large stretch of land along Puerto Rico’s north coast. That area includes a ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians about 2,000 years ago. Isabel Rivera, an environmental archaeologist, said the scientists found what appears to be a large settlement just east of the ceremonial site.
The Tainos once lived on many islands in the Caribbean Sea. But after the arrival of Christopher Columbus and other Europeans, the indigenous (native) people were nearly all killed. Rivera said, “Up to today, there is still a lot we don’t know about indigenous culture along our coasts. It’s not in our history books. We want to recover that information before it disappears.”
Some scientists say that warmer temperatures in the Caribbean increase the number and strength of storms. Scientists noted that large amounts of water caused by Hurricane Maria washed away part of the area they are studying.
Eric Lo, an engineer, flew to Puerto Rico in August 2017 to launch the project one month before Maria struck the island. Lo was surprised at what he saw when he returned to the US territory months later. He said, “Pieces of land where I had stood and flown the drone didn’t exist anymore. They were underwater.”
Scientists are now trying to find out how badly the hurricane and loss of land have affected the archaeological site they are studying. Scientists are using 3-D models based on drone images to measure areas and explore other details.
8. What can scientists most probably see by applying the 3-D images?
A. The sites most likely to disappear quickly.
B. The remaining territory of Puero Rico.
C. The sites staying in memory.
D. The history destroyed by rising sea levels.
9. What do we know about the Tainos from the text?
A. They were all killed by Christopher Columbus.
B. They settled in the center of Puero Rico.
C. They took advantage of a ceremonial site.
D. They didn’t experience hurricanes.
10. What can we infer from Eric’s words?
A. Archaeological digging caused the loss of land.
B. His engineering work is valueless.
C. Storms made severe damage to the sites.
D. Global warming is the cause to all the losses.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. How to win over nature B. Secrets of a heritage site
C. Impacts of climate change D. A race to document heritage
【答案】8．A
9．C
10．C
11．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。一组科学家正在加紧记录和保护波多黎各海岸的古代遗迹。这项工作于2017年8月开始，科学家在波多黎各北部海岸发现了古泰诺印第安人的居住地，文章介绍了古泰诺印第安人的一些知识以及这些遗址遭受自然灾害破坏的影响。
8. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Scientists hope to use the 3-D images they have taken to help identify which sites are most at-risk to natural disasters and other dangers.(科学家们希望利用他们拍摄的3d图像来帮助确定哪些地点最容易遭受自然灾害和其他危险。)”可知科学通过拍摄的3d图像可能看到哪些地点最容易遭受自然灾害和其他危险，A选项“The sites most likely to disappear quickly(最有可能迅速消失的地方)”符合句意。故选A项。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“That area includes a ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians about 2,000 years ago.(该地区包括一个大约2000年前泰诺印第安人使用的仪式中心)”可知泰诺印第安人使用过ceremonial center，C选项“They took advantage of a ceremonial site (他们利用了一个仪式场地)”符合句意。故选C项。
10. 推理判断题。根据文章第六段Eric说的话“Pieces of land where I had stood and flown the drone didn’t exist anymore. They were underwater.(我曾经站立并驾驶无人机的那块土地已经不复存在了。他们在水下。)”可知那块土地已经不在了，C选项“Storms made severe damage to the sites. (风雨对那块土地造成了严重破坏)”符合句意。故选C项。
11. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A group of scientists are hurrying to document ancient ruins on the US territory of Puero Rico.(一群科学家正忙着记录美国领土波多黎各的古代遗迹。)”可知本文主要讲科学家记录美国领土波多黎各的古代遗迹，D选项“A race to document heritage (记录遗产的竞赛)”符合文意。故选D项。
If you’ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were you …” or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’s headache over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become declined over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same trouble.
The problem is “decision fatigue”, a psychological phenomenon that greatly damages the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process; it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. “When people experience decision fatigue — when they are tired of making choices — they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo,” he says. “But it can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
12. What does the author say about people making decisions?
A. They become exhausted when making too many decisions for themselves.
B. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
C. They are more likely to make decisions in the way advantageous to themselves.
D. They show considerable variations in their decision-making competence.
13. Why does the author mention “physicians” in paragraph 3?
A. To explain a principle. B. To indicate a fact.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To illustrate a prediction.
14. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A. Turn to physicians for advice. B. Make risky decisions.
C. Adopt a totally new perspective. D. Resist trying something new.
15. What does the underlined phrase “the status quo” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. The decision fatigue. B. The existing situation.
C. The different choice. D. The positive outcome.
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是“决策疲劳”这种心理现象。
12. 推理判断题。结合第一段的“Our own decision-making abilities can become declined over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same trouble.(我们自己的决策能力可能会在一天的过程中下降，导致优柔寡断或糟糕的选择，但代表别人选择是一项愉快的任务，不会遭受同样的麻烦。)”和第二段的“The problem is “decision fatigue”, a psychological phenomenon that greatly damages the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making(问题在于“决策疲劳”，这是一种心理现象，它会在漫长的一天决策之后，极大地损害你做出的选择的质量)”，当为自己做太多决定时，人们会感到疲惫。可知。故选A。
13. 推理判断题。结合第二段中的“The problem is “decision fatigue”, a psychological phenomenon that greatly damages the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making(问题在于“决策疲劳”，这是一种心理现象，它会在漫长的一天决策之后，极大地损害你做出的选择的质量)”和第三段的“Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so.(例如，工作了几个小时的医生更有可能给病人开抗生素，因为这样做是不明智的。)”可知，作者在第3段提到“医生”是为了澄清前面讲的“决策疲劳”的概念。故选C。
14. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When people experience decision fatigue — when they are tired of making choices — they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo(当人们感到决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦做选择时——他们倾向于选择顺应现状)”可知，当人们开始感到决策疲劳时，他们可能会拒绝尝试新事物。故选D。
15. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“When people experience decision fatigue — when they are tired of making choices”（当人们感到决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦做选择时）“But it can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.(但这可能会带来问题，因为行动过程中的改变有时很重要，会带来积极的结果)”可知，划线部分所在句子表示“他们倾向于选择顺应现状”，因此the status quo意为“现状”，即the existing situation，故选B。
二、七选五
Why Do Brides Wear White
In many societies the color white has been associated with purity and virtue, and that is one reason why some brides choose to wear white, especially in the West. Usually, you will hear that brides wear white because “it’s a tradition”. But, historically, white was not the only color considered for wedding dresses. ____16____
For many centuries in Western societies, wedding dresses had different colors. ____17____ Brides tended to buy a wedding dress that could be worn again, or they simply wore the best dress they already owned. And white is not practical: it is difficult to keep clean and is therefore not ideal for many situations or for repeated wear.
Many brides chose to wear dresses of other colors for their wedding and beyond. ____18____ They do so largely thanks to a trend that started with Queen Victoria’s 1840 wedding to Prince Albert.
____19____ Although not in as many different media as we have now, they still had a tendency to be trendsetting. So Victoria chose to wear a white gown (女礼服) — reportedly to show off the fine detailed Honiton lace produced by the British lace industry, which was depressed at the time. Her fashion choice was widely reported in newspapers and magazines. ____20____ Eventually, the trend of a white wedding gown spread across all economic levels and it was strengthened as “tradition” in the 20th century.
A. So why do so many of today’s brides wear white?
B. But why are brides so particular about their dresses?
C. Royal weddings in those years received a lot of reporting.
D. It reflected the growth of the wedding industry at that time.
E. It soon influenced domestic and international wedding trends.
F. In fact, other colors were chosen far more frequently than white.
G. This was for reasons of being practical as much as anything else.
【答案】16．F
17．G
18．A
19．C
20．E
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新娘选择白色婚纱的原因。
16. 根据前文“But, historically, white was not the only color considered for wedding dresses.”可知从历史上看，白色并不是婚纱的唯一颜色，因此设空句应对此进行进一步的解释或总结，应提及核心词“color”，同时呼应前文的“not the only color”。选项F. In fact, other colors were chosen far more frequently than white.(事实上，人们选择其他颜色的频率远远高于选择白色。)呼应了前文的白色不是唯一的选择，而且提及了其他颜色，符合语境分析。故选F项。
17. 根据前文“For many centuries in Western societies, wedding dresses had different colors.”可知几个世纪以来，在西方社会，婚纱有不同的颜色，因此设空句应对此进行解释“为什么会有各种颜色的婚纱”。选项G. This was for reasons of being practical as much as anything else.(这既是出于实际考虑，也是出于其他考虑。)解释了原因，即实用性以及其他方面的因素。故选G项。
18. 根据后文“They do so largely thanks to a trend that started with Queen Victoria’s 1840 wedding to Prince Albert(这在很大程度上要归功于1840年维多利亚女王与阿尔伯特亲王的婚礼)”解释了为什么“他们”会选择白色婚纱，因此设空句应是问句，问及关于选择白色婚纱的问题。选项A. So why do so many of today’s brides wear white?(那么为什么现在这么多的新娘都穿白色呢?)为问句，且问及白色婚纱的选择，符合语境。故选A项。
19. 设空句为本段主旨句，根据后文“Although not in as many different media as we have now, they still had a tendency to be trendsetting. So Victoria chose to wear a white gown — reportedly to show off the fine detailed Honiton lace produced by the British lace industry, which was depressed at the time. Her fashion choice was widely reported in newspapers and magazines.(尽管没有我们现在拥有的那么多不同的媒体，他们仍然有引领潮流的趋势。因此，维多利亚选择了一件白色礼服——据报道，这是为了炫耀由英国蕾丝工业生产的精细的霍尼顿花边，当时英国的蕾丝工业正处于萧条时期。她的时尚选择被报纸和杂志广泛报道。)”可知，通过媒体，维多利亚女王的婚纱受到了关注，因此本段主要讲述了皇室婚礼与媒体的关系。选项C. Royal weddings in those years received a lot of reporting.( 那些年的皇室婚礼收到了很多报道。)贴合主旨要义，符合语境。故选C项。
20. 根据前文“Her fashion choice was widely reported in newspapers and magazines.”可知她的时尚选择被报纸和杂志广泛报道。因此设空句应是进一步解释广泛报道的结果，比如提及大家深受影响，纷纷效仿。选项E. It soon influenced domestic and international wedding trends.(它很快就影响了国内外的婚礼潮流。)解释了广泛报道后的影响，符合语境分析。故选E项。
【点睛】
七选五技巧之词语复现显神功
作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词，同义词，近义词，或上义词与下义词的形式在上下文中重复出现。比如文章第4小题：
____4____ Although not in as many different media as we have now, they still had a tendency to be trendsetting. So Victoria chose to wear a white gown (女礼服) — reportedly to show off the fine detailed Honiton lace produced by the British lace industry, which was depressed at the time. Her fashion choice was widely reported in newspapers and magazines.
通过阅读可知，本题应是主旨句。结合后文提及的“media, reportedly, reported, newspapers, magazines”均为与报道有关的词汇，因此可知，它们与设空句为“复现”。分析选项可知，选项C. Royal weddings in those years received a lot of reporting.中含有“reporting”，因此可为正确答案。
三、完形填空
Randy Kraus had been a police officer in California. Once, he’d been strong and able. Now, he felt he was nothing.
His ____21____ started with Parkinson’s disease (帕金森综合症). In July 2002, he went into the hospital for a (n) ____22____ to control the shaking. But during the operation, he had a stroke. He was paralyzed. The tough guy, the man who loved golf, could think, but couldn’t ____23____. Transferred to a rehab (康复) hospital, Kraus wanted the doctors to speak the truth. “You may never walk again,” they told him. “Maybe you won’t even be able to ____24____.”
Once home, he found he couldn’t ____25____ a fork or take a drink by himself. Physical ____26____ was so painful and slow. What did he have to live for? Somehow, he began to ____27____ the pain his death would cause his family. And he decided to keep trying.
His exercise physiologist, Andrew Garud, told him, “The pace would be slow; the pain would be ____28____. But as long as you are ____29____, you have the ability to get better.”
All journeys start with a step, even if it is a small one. After three months of working with Garud, Kraus could _____30_____. Then he took three steps, sat down and _____31_____ like a baby. Next he _____32_____ a short walk in the health club where they worked out. It was the hardest _____33_____ of Kraus’s life. People at the gym cheered him on.
Now, Kraus can brush his teeth, shave himself and _____34_____ with a walker — a small _____35_____ only the paralyzed can fully understand.
21. A. trouble B. tragedy C. fortune D. life
22. A. test B. operation C. notice D. interview
23. A. perform B. defend C. flee D. move
24. A. think B. eat C. speak D. read
25. A. cut B. lift C. fit D. bring
26. A. treatment B. barrier C. pressure D. inconvenience
27. A. abandon B. reduce C. consider D. stop
28. A. familiar B. gone C. deadly D. real
29. A. comfortable B. alive C. relaxed D. wealthy
30. A. stand B. jump C. jog D. march
31. A. slept B. cried C. struggled D. wondered
32. A. attended B. trained C. experienced D. managed
33. A. choice B. fight C. voice D. decision
34. A. pull over B. lie still C. get around D. dress up
35. A. accomplishment B. devotion C. satisfaction D. figure
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．B
26．A
27．C
28．D
29．B
30．A
31．B
32．D
33．B
34．C
35．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了兰迪·克劳斯瘫痪后，经过一番艰苦的努力又重拾生活的勇气的故事。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的麻烦始于帕金森氏症。A. trouble麻烦；B. tragedy悲剧；C. fortune幸运；D. life生活。根据上文“Now, he felt he was nothing.”以及下文“started with Parkinson’s disease (帕金森综合症)”可知，兰迪·克劳斯的麻烦始于帕金森综合症。故选A。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2002年7月，他进医院做手术以控制抖动。A. test测试；B. operation手术；C. notice通知；D. interview采访。根据“But during the operation, he had a stroke.”可知，他进医院做手术以控制抖动。故选B。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个硬汉，这个热爱高尔夫球的男人，能思考，但不能动。A. perform表演；B. defend防守；C. flee逃离；D. move移动。根据“The tough guy, the man who loved golf, could think,”和转折词but可知，兰迪·克劳斯瘫痪了，思维不受影响，但是不能动。故选D。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你可能再也不能走路了，”他们告诉他。“也许你都不能说话了。”A. think思考；B. eat吃；C. speak讲话；D. read阅读。根据“You may never walk again,”可和“even”知，医生说以后很可能不能行走，甚至不能说话。这里要填一个与瘫痪有关，又比不能行走更严重的结果。故选C。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一回到家，他就发现自己不能拿起叉子，也不能自己喝水。A. cut砍；B. lift举起；C. fit适合；D. bring带来。根据“or take a drink by himself.”可知，回家以后，他发现自己连叉子都拿不起来了。故选B。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：身体的治疗既痛苦又缓慢。A. treatment治疗；B. barrier障碍；C. pressure压力；D. inconvenience不方便。根据“so painful and slow.”可知，（针对他的瘫痪）治疗很痛苦，进展很缓慢。故选A。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，他开始考虑他的死亡会给他的家人带来痛苦。A. abandon抛弃；B. reduce减少；C. consider考虑；D. stop停止。根据“What did he have to live for?”可知，有了轻生念头，他仔细考虑自己的过世对家人会造成什么痛苦，最后决定继续努力康复。故选C。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的运动生理学家安德鲁·加鲁德告诉他，“速度会很慢；痛苦是真实的。但只要你活着，你就有能力变得更好。”A. familiar熟悉的；B. gone遗失的；C. deadly致命的；D. real真实的。根据“The pace would be slow;”可知，心理医生说，虽然康复速度很慢，过程中的痛苦是真实的。故选D。
29. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的运动生理学家安德鲁·加鲁德告诉他，“速度会很慢；痛苦是真实的。但只要你活着，你就有能力变得更好。”A. comfortable舒服的；B. alive活着的；C. relaxed放松的；D. wealthy财富的。根据“you have the ability to get better.”可知，但是只要活着，就能有进展。对应上文中的“death”一词。故选B。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：和加鲁德一起工作了三个月后，克劳斯能站起来了。A. stand站；B. jump跳；C. jog慢跑；D. march前进。根据“Then he took three steps,”可知，瘫痪以后，经过治疗，主人公应是先站起来，再走几步。故选A。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他走了三步，坐下来，像个婴儿一样哭了起来。A. slept睡；B. cried哭；C. struggled努力；D. wondered惊奇。根据““You may never walk again,” they told him. “Maybe you won’t even be able to ____4____.””可知，上文提到医生对他的情况并不乐观，提到以后可能动不了。但是主人公经过努力，能站能走，因此喜极而泣，“哭得像个小孩子”。故选B。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来，他成功地在他们锻炼的健身俱乐部走了一小段路。A. attended参加；B. trained培训；C. experienced体验；D. managed设法做到。manage这里意为“成功做成某事”。根据“a short walk in the health club where they worked out.”可知，克劳斯成功地走了一小段路。故选D。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是克劳斯一生中最艰难的一场斗争。A. choice选择；B. fight斗争；C. voice声音；D. decision决定。根据“Next he ____12____ a short walk in the health club where they worked out.”可知，这小小几步（the short walk）对主人公来说是人生中最难的斗争。这里fight指的是his struggle against paralysis。故选B。
34. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：现在，克劳斯可以刷牙、刮胡子、带着助行器四处走动了——这是只有瘫痪的人才能完全理解的小成就。A. pull over靠边停车，靠岸；B. lie still躺着不动；C. get around到处走走，逃避，说服，传开来；D. dress up打扮，装饰。根据“with a walker”可知，现在主人公能借助步行器走动。故选C。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，克劳斯可以刷牙、刮胡子、带着助行器四处走动了——这是只有瘫痪的人才能完全理解的小成就。A. accomplishment成就；B. devotion奉献；C. satisfaction满意；D. figure外形。根据“Now, Kraus can brush his teeth, shave himself and ____14____ with a walker”可知，他现在可以自己刷牙，刮胡子，借助步行器走动。只有瘫痪的人才能懂得这些日常小事是了不起的成就。故选A。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese astronauts on December 9th, 2021 beamed back a science lesson from the country’s under-construction space station. Students from five cities, including Beijing and Hong Kong, peppered the astronauts with questions about living conditions in space and ____36____ (treat) to a virtual tour of the station. The event was also open to the public through a livestream.
Wang Yaping, ____37____ only woman aboard the station, served as the main ____38____ (instruct), while Ye Guangfu assisted and commander-in-chief Zhai Zhigang worked the camera. Wang had taught a similar lesson while aboard one of China’s earlier experimental stations in 2013.
The three arrived at the station in October, 2021 for a six-month stay, ____39____ (charge) mainly with preparing the main Tianhe module for the arrival of two ____40____ (addition) modules named Mengtian and Wentian ahead of completion by the end of 2022.
Their Shenzhou-13 mission is China’s ____41____ (long) since it first put a human in space in 2003,becoming only the third country to do so after Russia and the U. S.
The three are the second crew on the permanent station, ____42____ upon completion will weigh about 66 tons, much smaller than the International Space Station, which launched its first module in 1998 and ____43____ (weigh) around 450 tons.
Along with installing equipment in preparation ____44____ the station’s expansion, the crew is assessing living conditions in the Tianhe module, _____45_____ (perform) experiments in space medicine and other areas.
【答案】36．were treated
37．the
38．instructor
39．charged
40．additional
41．longest
42．which
43．weighs
44．for
45．performing
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了三名宇航员在空间站中进行授课及他们的主要任务。
36. 考查被动语态。句意：来自包括北京和香港在内的五个城市的学生向宇航员们提出了大量关于太空生活条件的问题，并让他们在空间站进行了一次虚拟参观。分析句子结构可知，此处treat做谓语，与主语students是被动关系，且发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were treated。
37. 考查冠词。句意：空间站上唯一的女性王亚萍担任主要教官，叶光福协助拍摄，总司令翟志刚负责拍摄。表示“唯一的”是特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
38. 考查词性转换。句意：空间站上唯一的女性王亚萍担任主要教官，叶光福协助拍摄，总司令翟志刚负责拍摄。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，此处指王亚萍，应用单数形式。故填instructor。
39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：三人于2021年10月抵达空间站，并在空间站停留了6个月，主要任务是为“天河”主舱做准备，以便在2022年底前完成另外两个名为“梦天”和“问天”的舱的抵达。分析句子结构可知，charge在此处做非谓语，与逻辑主语the three是被动关系，表示“被赋予职责”，应该用过去分词形式。故填charged。
40. 考查词性转换。句意：空三人于2021年10月抵达空间站，并在空间站停留了6个月，主要任务是为“天河”主舱做准备，以便在2022年底前完成另外两个名为“梦天”和“问天”的舱的抵达。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词modules。故填additional。
41. 考查形容词最高级。句意：他们的神舟13号任务是中国自2003年首次将人送入太空以来历时最长的一次，成为继俄罗斯和美国之后第三个这样做的国家。分析句意结合“since it first put a human in space in 2003”可知，此处是指自2003年来历时最长的一次航天任务，应该用形容词的最高级形式。故填longest。
42. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这三名宇航员是永久空间站上的第二组宇航员。永久空间站建成后重约66吨，比1998年发射首个太空舱、重约450吨的国际空间站小得多。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词permanent station是物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43. 考查时态。句意：这三名宇航员是永久空间站上的第二组宇航员。永久空间站建成后重约66吨，比1998年发射首个太空舱、重约450吨的国际空间站小得多。分析句子结构可知，weigh在此处做谓语，主语the International Space Station是第三人称单数，且表达的是一般事实，谓语应该用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。
44. 考查介词。句意：除了安装为空间站扩建做准备的设备外，宇航员们还在评估天河舱的生活条件，进行太空医学和其他领域的实验。in preparation for是固定搭配，意为“为……做准备”。故填for。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了安装为空间站扩建做准备的设备外，宇航员们还在评估天河舱的生活条件，进行太空医学和其他领域的实验。分析句子结构可知，此处perform做非谓语，表示伴随，与逻辑主语是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填performing。
五、其他应用文
46．假定你即将代表所在学校，出席以“消极情绪（negative emotions）”为主题的国际中学生在线讨论会，请写一篇英语发言稿。内容包括：
1. 消极情绪的具体表现；
2. 应对消极情绪的措施；
3. 请与会者分享相关见解。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear guests and friends,
Good morning! Today, I’m honored to speak on behalf of our school and discuss what negative emotions are and how to deal with them.
From my point of view, there are a number of distressing and unpleasant feelings that can be identified as negative emotions, such as anxiety, sadness, fear, shame, and so on. To regulate these emotions, we need useful coping skills. The first strategy may be having regular exercise, which can tone up our bodies and provide an emotional lift. Also, talking to our friends and family is an effective way, as they know us best and can thus relieve our stress by simply hugging us. Lastly, spending some time outside is a healthy outlet for us to breathe clean air and get relaxed.
I hope that these measures can be of help. Now, I’d like to invite our friends to share more insights. Please welcome!
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表所在学校，出席以“消极情绪（negative emotions）”为主题的国际中学生在线讨论会，请写一篇英语发言稿。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
代表：on behalf of →stand for
处理：deal with →handle
在我看来：from my point of view →in my opinion
许多：a number of →a lot of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：To regulate these emotions, we need useful coping skills.
拓展句：In order that these emotions can be regulated, we need useful coping skills.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Today, I’m honored to speak on behalf of our school and discuss what negative emotions are and how to deal with them. (运用了what引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] The first strategy may be having regular exercise, which can tone up our bodies and provide an emotional lift. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My daughter and I were fans of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, an educational children’s television series that was created and hosted by Fred Rogers, more commonly known as Mister Rogers.
Around my daughter’s second birthday, I had a Mister Rogers-inspired idea. Why not invite one key person in my daughter’s world to dinner each month? The local children’s librarian could visit one evening, and perhaps the borough mayor (区长) could drop by a few weeks later.
But I wanted to start at the top.
“Let’s invite Mister Rogers himself,” I said to my wife. “After all, he lives just a few neighborhoods away. I bet he’d come.”
She looked at me as if I wanted to invite the President. “You really think Mister Rogers would come to our house for dinner? Fat chance.”
Undeterred (不气馁的), I sent a letter to Mister Rogers that fall, telling him of my newfound delight in his show and my idea for inviting neighborhood people over to talk about their lives, and asking him and Mrs. Rogers to be our guests.
I told my daughter about the letter. Her eyes glistened (发光). “Mister Rogers coming? Really, Daddy?”
One month later, no reply. My daughter hadn’t forgotten and periodically asked when Mister Rogers would be visiting. I always told her that he hadn’t called yet and that it was a good opportunity to learn about patience.
Two months later, no response. At the three-month mark, my wife simply rolled her eyes when I raised the topic. I was beginning to lose optimism. Mister Rogers had let me down.
Sadly, Mister Rogers passed away in late February of the following year. I was unaware of his illness and now understood why our invitation had gone unanswered. Mister Rogers would not be coming to dinner after all. Yet, even after his passing, Mister Rogers gave us a far greater gift than I ever could have imagined.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A week later, I was surprised to find a letter in our mailbox from Mister Rogers.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The letter is a treasured gift and his kind words touched my life and my daughter.
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【答案】参考范文
A week later, I was surprised to find a letter in our mailbox from Mister Rogers. With my trembling hands, I fingered the letter and read it word for word. He appreciated my daughter’s enjoyment of his program and thanked us for our invitation, adding that he was much honored to be our “guest”. But he apologized for not responding sooner and not being able to make it to our dinner party then due to his stomach cancer treatment. In a delightful tone he expressed his wish to meet some day. The one-page typed letter was like something from an old friend: personal and caring.
The letter is a treasured gift and his kind words touched my life and my daughter. We could never imagine it was written when he was then suffering great pains. Mister Rogers is gone, but his remarkable talents are left behind. Rogers never came for dinner, but his belief in the importance of being good neighbors is passed on. His spirits will never die: caring for people including the unknown, hoping for the future, and most importantly, posing a positive attitude to life whatever happens. When least expected, sometimes the best presents in life come from a special neighbor.
【解析】
【导语】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者为了庆祝女儿的两岁生日，临时想到了一个主意：邀请著名的儿童节目主持人罗杰斯先生参加女儿的生日晚宴。经过了漫长的等待，还是未能等到罗杰斯先生的到来，最后作者和家人们才得知，原来是罗杰斯先生去世了。但是让他们意想不到的是，虽然他终究不会来吃晚饭，但是罗杰斯先生还是给了他们一份比作者所能想象的更大的礼物——原来是他亲自写了一封信解释了未能到来的原因，以及用愉快的语气表示希望有一天能见面。亲切的话语感动了作者和家人。通过此事，作者明白了：罗杰斯的精神永不会消亡，他关心包括未知的人，对未来充满希望，最重要的是，无论发生什么，都要向罗杰斯先生一样，对生活都保持积极的态度。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一周后，我惊奇地在信箱里发现了一封罗杰斯先生的信。”可知，第一段可描写作者收到罗杰斯先生手写信件的激动和惊讶。同时也需要讲述到罗杰斯在信中交代为什么不能来参加作者女儿的生日晚宴的原因，以及表达对作者女儿的祝福。
②由第二段首句内容“这封信是一份珍贵的礼物，他亲切的话语感动了我和我的女儿。”可知，第二段可描写作者读到罗杰斯先生的信后深深的感动，并且表达了对罗杰斯先生的崇拜和尊敬，以及感悟。
2.续写线索：打开信箱——惊讶——信件内容——感动——赞美——学习——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.感谢：thank/appreciate/gratitude
②.道歉：say sorry/apologize
③.期待：expect/hope/wish
情绪类
①.感谢：showing his appreciation/show his gratitude/be grateful
②.关心他人的：caring/considerate
[高分句型1]. With my trembling hands, I fingered the letter and read it word for word.（使用复合结构）
[高分句型2]. When least expected, sometimes the best presents in life come from a special neighbor.（由when引导的时间状语从句，同时使用的非谓语动词过去分词expected做伴随状语）