外研版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价34选择性必修第3册Unit 4 A glimpse of the future含答案

课时质量评价(三十四)

选择性必修第三册　Unit 4　A glimpse of the future

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

(2021·湘赣十四校联考)Close to 70 percent of the world's population will live in cities by the year 2050. Experts warn that population 1. ________ (grow) will worsen housing crises in some areas.

Large cities around the world already struggle with housing problems. In some neighbourhoods, rising house prices have forced 2. ________ very poor away from their homes. Many poor people now live in shelters or on the streets.

People 3. ________ (move) to large cities now not just for high­paying jobs. Many are also looking for the chance to live and work with other people, career advancement and access to much 4. ________(good) resources. Some countries have built new capital cities 5. ________ (help) ease(缓解) overcrowding. These efforts help, but do not solve the problem.

The report says that by 2030, the world will have had 43 very large 6. ________ (city), each with more than 10 million people.

Tjada McKenna, 7. ________ is chief operating officer for an aid group, says that the ability to own a home in many countries is often difficult, 8. ________ (especial) for women and minority groups.

Every city is different in 9. ________ (deal) with development problems. Each one has its own economic forces at work and its own history. Experts say that answers 10. ________ the housing crisis and other problems must be developed city by city.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。到21世纪中叶，更多的人可能会居住在城市。专家警告说，这种人口增长将会加剧某些地区的住房危机。

1. growth　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子主语，因此应用名词形式，grow的名词为growth。故填growth。

2. the　考查冠词。此处指“穷人”，可用the＋adj.指代一类人。故填the。

3. are moving　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子的谓语动词，根据now判断为现在进行时，主语People是复数。故填are moving。

4. better　考查形容词的比较级。句中resources是名词，应用形容词修饰，再根据much判断此处用比较级。故填better。

5. to help　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，再联系句意，此处表目的，故用不定式。故填to help。

6. cities　考查名词的单复数。句中city是可数名词，根据空格之前的43可知此处用复数形式。故填cities。

7. who　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词，先行词Tjada McKenna指人，故用关系代词who。故填who。

8. especially　考查副词。提示词修饰介词短语“for women and minority groups”，故用副词形式。故填especially。

9. dealing　考查动名词。句中in为介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故填dealing。

10. to　考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配answer to the question/problem(问题的答案)可知，此处用介词to。故填to。

B

The Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA) was 1. ________ (formal) opened on Sept. 25, 2019. Located around 46km south of Tian'anmen Square, it was designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid. BDIA was listed 2. ________ the first of the “seven wonders of the modern world near completion” by The Guardian in 2015.

The new airport complex, consisting of a main terminal, a supporting service building and a parking lot, 3. ________ (cover) an area of about 1.4 million square metres. The starfish design is extremely space efficient, with 4. ________ journey of just 600 metres from security to the furthest gate. 5. ________ could be the most expected innovation at BDIA is its artificial intelligence. The airport 6. ________ (set) up more than 400 self­service check­in machines already, which can 7. ________ (short) passengers' waiting time to about 10 minutes. Travellers can be scanned on cameras 8. ________ (use) facial recognition. Counters can be fully automated to capture (抓拍) face photos and relay 9. ________ (they) during each part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate.

The Daxing Airport — said to be the world's largest terminal in a single building — is expected 10. ________ (receive) a large amount of 170 million passengers by 2025. It will become a new transport hub for the greater Beijing region.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京大兴国际机场的相关信息。

1. formally　考查副词。根据后面的动词“opened”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词opened。故填formally。

2. as　考查介词。be listed as是固定短语，意为“被列为，被记录”。故填as。

3. covers　考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，前面有非谓语动词consisting，该句缺少谓语动词，且主语“The new airport complex”是单数，所以此处应用covers。故填covers。

4. a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一次行程”，且journey以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。

5. What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中谓语动词is前面的是主语，所以空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用what引导。故填What。

6. has set　考查动词的时态。already是现在完成时的标志性词，表明某件事情已经完成，所以此处应用现在完成时。故填has set。

7. shorten　考查动词。助动词can后接动词原形，所以此处应用动词形式shorten。故填shorten。

8. using　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，动词use与其逻辑主语travellers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填using。

9. them　考查代词。动词relay后接代词的宾格形式，所以此处用them。故填them。

10. to receive　考查动词不定式。expect to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“期望做某事”。故填to receive。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 尽管她是个女孩子，却喜欢和男孩子一起玩。(though引导的让步状语从句)

Girl though she is, she likes to play with boys.

2. 越来越多的孩子让手机控制了他们的生活，这令人担忧。(get＋宾语＋宾补)

More and more children get their life controlled by phones, which is worrying.

3. 尽管他很不情愿，但他别无选择只能走回家。(while引导的让步状语从句)

While he was unwilling, he had no choice but to walk home.

4. 多亏了人工智能，我可以有更多的时间陪孩子。(thanks to...)

Thanks to artificial intelligence, I can have more time to accompany my child.

5. 说的和做的要一致。(consistent)

Actions must be consistent with words.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

We have heard some interesting ways that 5G wireless technology might change our lives in the future.

5G, short for the 5th generation mobile communication technology, promises Internet speeds between 50 and 100 times faster than current 4G systems. While 5G is set to be used in some limited areas of America this year, much of the world is not expected to receive widely available service until 2023.

One project in Britain, however, is already testing this superfast technology on an unlikely group of Internet users－cows. The project was developed by American technology company Cisco Systems. It also receives money from the British government. Cisco says the programme seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.

Testing areas were set up at farms in three rural areas of England. The cows are equipped with 5G­connected devices (装置) that link up to a robotic milking system, which uses sensors and machine learning to fully automate the process. System designers say technology takes over after a cow feels ready to be milked and walks towards an automatic gate. The device is designed to recognise each individual cow. It then positions equipment to the right body position for milking. During the process, machines release food for the cow as a reward.

Other 5G technology tools include automated brushes that turn on when the cow rubs up against them. Sensors also control the amount of light to the cows' living areas depending on the weather. And, an automatic feeding system makes sure the animals always get enough to eat.

Duncan Forbes, head of the project, told Reuters that the project shows the farm's cow operations can be greatly improved with 5G technology and that the experiment provides strong evidence that 5G technology can be widely used in the future, not just on farms in Britain, but in rural communities across the world.

1. What is the purpose of Cisco Systems' programme?

A. To win financial support from the British government.

B. To test the effects of 5G technology on animals.

C. To promote its technological development in Britain.

D. To expand the future use of 5G in rural communities.

2. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The project.  B. The company.  C. The technology.  D. The group.

3. What can we learn about 5G according to the text?

A. It is no worse than 4G in terms of speed.

B. It is already widely available in the world.

C. It enables cows to control their own milking.

D. It is based on sensors and machine learning.

4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment.  B. Lifestyle.  C. Education.  D. Technology.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。美国思科公司在一个项目中将5G技术应用于奶牛身上来实现挤奶的自动化。

1. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Cisco says the programme seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.”可知，该项目旨在探索全球农村地区5G连接的未来。也就是该项目是为了扩大未来5G在农村地区的使用。故选D。

2. A　代词指代题。根据第三段中的“The project was developed by American technology company Cisco Systems. It also receives money from the British government.”可知，这里的“it”指的就是上文中的“The project”，故选A。

3. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The cows are equipped with 5G­connected devices (装置) that link up to a robotic milking system... the right body position for milking. During the process, machines release food for the cow as a reward.”可判断出5G可以通过连接装置让奶牛自己控制挤奶。故选C。

4. D　文章出处题。本文主要讲的是将5G技术应用于奶牛身上，实现挤奶的自动化，由此推断这篇文章属于科学技术板块。故选D。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

Why Is Sorting Important When Recycling?

We all agree that we should recycle more at home, in the office or when out and about.   1   Consequently, they can be collected and taken to the right place for recycling. This is what the process of sorting allows us to do.

  2   And the effective sorting needs to happen first, in our own home and second, in sorting plants to which waste is collected. When you put a plastic bottle in the right recycling bag or bin, you are helping sort recyclables so that the right material can be fed into the right recycling process. If sorting does not happen, a lot of recyclable materials can end up in landfills. It will lead to valuable resources lost from our economy.

  3   For instance, in Brussels, consumers put plastic packaging, cans and beverage cartons in blue bags designed for recyclable packaging; paper in yellow bags for recycling; and glass needs to be taken to specific collection bins. Somewhat differently, in Vienna (Austria), citizens can expect their paper, metal, glass and plastic to be separately collected in different weeks of the year.   4  ．

Once recyclable materials are collected from your home, they are further sorted in specialised facilities which ensure the quality of the recycling process.   5   Traditionally, sorting has been done either manually with workers sorting what can be recycled and picking out the materials to be discarded or mechanically. Today, however, new sorting technologies are being developed in order to speed up the process of sorting but also to cause better results. Exciting technologies using magnets or optical systems are being used to effectively sort materials so more of it can be recycled.

A. For effective recycling we need effective sorting.

B. Packaging at work is the first step towards recycling.

C. This is where different sorting techniques come into play.

D. So citizens need to be aware of their local collection system.

E. Collection systems can be very different from country to country.

F. The rest was landfilled or burned even though they could have been recycled or reused.

G. But for materials to be recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste stream.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在环保方面垃圾回收分类的重要性及如何具体分类。

1. G　根据上文“We all agree that we should recycle more at home, in the office or when out and about.”及下文“Consequently, they can be collected and taken to the right place for recycling.”可知，我们都赞同多回收垃圾，但是要回收材料，首先需要找到正确的废物来源。故选G。

2. A　根据下文“And the effective sorting needs to happen first, in our own home and second, in sorting plants to which waste is collected.”可知，本段在讲述垃圾如何分类。故选A。

3. E　根据下文“For instance, in Brussels, consumers put plastic packaging, cans and beverage cartons in blue bags designed for recyclable packaging; paper in yellow bags for recycling; and glass needs to be taken to specific collection bins.”可知，此处列举了布鲁塞尔、维也纳等地的不同收集方法，也就是说不同国家的收集系统可能非常不同。故选E。

4. D　根据上文“Somewhat differently, in Vienna (Austria), citizens can expect their paper, metal, glass and plastic to be separately collected in different weeks of the year.”可知，不同国家的收集系统可能非常不同，因此人们需要了解自己当地的收集系统。故选D。

5. C　根据上文“Once recyclable materials are collected from your home, they are further sorted in specialised facilities which ensure the quality of the recycling process.”及下文“Traditionally, sorting has been done either manually with workers sorting what can be recycled and picking out the materials to be discarded or mechanically.”可知，在专门的设施里，不同分类技术发挥各自的作用。故选C。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

The victims were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffering from dehydration (脱水) and fear. Their caretakers   1   their wounds, and   2   them in baskets with the only thing that was   3   — the leaves of eucalyptus (桉树) tree. As miserable fires have   4   more than 2 million acres in Australia, only dozens of koalas have been   5   from the smoky trees and   6   ground.

Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not   7   from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for   8   and wait for the danger to   9  ．

But during big fires such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals are far less likely to   10  . Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree   11  ， the animals may overheat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death.

The tough situation of the koala has raised   12   among scientists and conservationists (环保主义者). While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires, they are facing new   13  ， not just from climate change but also from human development, which has dislocated (扰乱) koalas' populations,   14   their ability to survive fires.

We have these   15   animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we are killing them. This is a big wake­up call.

1. A. touched B. treated C. ignored D. discovered

2. A. threw B. locked C. laid D. forced

3. A. familiar B. plentiful C. beautiful D. expensive

4. A. reached B. left C. burned D. trapped

5. A. killed B. recognised C. hurt D. rescued

6. A. flat B. black C. broad D. safe

7. A. escape B. die C. suffer D. rise

8. A. balance B. protection C. challenge D. comfort

9. A. attack B. come C. pass D. avoid

10. A. jump B. climb C. fall D. survive

11. A. top B. leaves C. trunk D. root

12. A. passion B. concern C. fear D. interest

13. A. chances B. choices C. neighbours D. threats

14. A. weakening B. developing C. enriching D. ensuring

15. A. lonely B. stupid C. lazy D. unique

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火持续蔓延，造成许多动物受伤，其中考拉伤亡严重，这次火灾警示世人要保护动物。

1. B　根据上文可知它们被火烧伤了，根据关键词“caretakers”可知是对伤口进行治疗。故选B。

2. C　它们受伤了，医护人员治疗后会小心地把它们放入篮子里。故选C。

3. A　根据下文可知这些受伤的动物是考拉，故它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。故选A。

4. C　句意：由于可怕的火灾在澳大利亚已经燃烧超过两百万英亩的区域，只有几十只考拉，从烟雾弥漫的树木中和烧焦的土地上，得以营救。根据“miserable fires”可知是燃烧。故选C。

5. D　根据上文护理人员救治考拉可知，是考拉从大火中被营救。故选D。

6. B　根据上文可知，火灾十分严重，树林烟雾弥漫，大地被烧焦，因此地面是黑色的。故选B。

7. A　句意：考拉，与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同，它们不会从火中逃脱，而是爬到树顶，在那儿，它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己，然后等待危险过去。由下文可知，考拉爬到树顶保护自己，因此说它们不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。故选A。

8. B　在大火中，它们爬上树顶，蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。故选B。

9. C　由上文可知，考拉爬到树顶等待危险过去。故选C。

10. D　根据下文可知，即使火没有烧到树顶，动物们也会因为过热掉落到地上被烧死，所以很难存活。故选D。

11. A　根据上文可知，考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。故选A。

12. B　考拉遭遇了火灾，科学家和环保主义者应该是担忧的。故选B。

13. D　上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁，由此可知下文提到气候变化、人类发展是它们面对的新的威胁。故选D。

14. A　根据上文可知，人类的发展是考拉面临的新的威胁，带来的是不好的影响，因此是削弱了考拉的生存能力。故选A。

15. D　根据下文“not found anywhere else on this planet”可知是独一无二的。故选D。