外研版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价41选择性必修第4册Unit 5 Into the unknown含答案

课时质量评价(四十一)

选择性必修第四册　Unit 5　Into the unknown

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

Today we know Antarctica as an extreme environment 1. ________ (contain) ice and snow. But new research provides evidence that the area was very different in the past, 2. ________ was found inside a piece of Earth sediment (沉淀物) gathered by researchers 3. ________ under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica.

In the sediment, they 4. ________ (find) forest soil estimated to be about 90 million years old and this would have been in the Cretaceous Period, when dinosaurs were the main land 5. ________ (animal). Johann Klages, who was the lead writer of a study on the findings 6. ________ (publish) in the journal Nature, said the sediment collection was from 7. ________ depth of about 30 metres below the ocean floor. Klages said an examination showed that the material formed on land, not in the ocean.

The Earth has experienced in the past and is 8. ________ (current) undergoing today. The researchers said that the rainforest environment in Antarctica was especially surprising, because each year the area 9. ________ (experience) a four­month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life. Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but 10. ________ (season) snowfall was likely.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员从南极洲海岸附近的海底收集的一块泥土沉积物中发现：这些沉积物是在陆地上形成的。

1. containing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语。主语Antarctica和动词contain是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语，故填containing。

2. which　考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是evidence，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导，故填which。

3. from　考查介词。句意：但新的研究提供了证据，证明这片区域与过去大不相同，它是在研究人员从南极洲海岸附近的海底收集的一块泥土沉积物中发现的。根据句意可知，空处表示“从，来自”，故填from。

4. found　考查动词的时态。此处讲述通过研究泥土沉积物的发现，是过去发生的事。与上下文时态一致，用一般过去时，故填found。

5. animals　考查名词的单复数。animal是单数可数名词，与主语dinosaurs和系动词were一致用复数，故填animals。

6. published　考查过去分词。句中findings和动词publish之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，指这些发现被出版，故填published。

7. a　考查冠词。此处指收集的沉积物来自海床下大约30米的深度，a depth of... 表示“……的深度”，故填a。

8. currently　考查副词。修饰动词undergoing用副词，故填currently。

9. experiences　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“each year”可知，应用一般现在时，主语the area表示单数意义，谓语动词与之一致用第三人称单数形式，故填experiences。

10. seasonal　考查形容词。此处表示季节性降雪，修饰名词snowfall用形容词，故填seasonal。

B

Face changing is used 1. ________ (express) the changing emotions of characters in Sichuan Opera.

China has an abundance of 1，300 local operas. Sichuan Opera is one of the 2. ________ (old) local operas and is the most important and most interesting opera form from Southwestern China.

The opera is characterised by its 3. ________ (fun) comedians and unique skills: face changing, spitting fire and rolling light.

Face changing is an important intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. So far, only a few masters 4. ________ (grasp) this skill. They know 5. ________ to change Sichuan Opera masks in a flash. As they wave their arms and twist their heads, their painted masks change again and again.

Face changing got its start 300 years ago. In 6. ________ beginning, opera masters changed the colour of their face during performances by 7. ________ (blow) into a bowl of red, black or gold powder. The powder would stick to their oiled skin 8. ________ (quick).

By the 1920s, opera masters began using layers of masks 9. ________ (make) of oiled paper. The masters could peel one after another almost immediately. At present the masters use painted silk masks, 10. ________ can be worn in layers, as many as two dozen, and be pulled off one by one.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。变脸是川剧的特技之一， 用以表达人物的情感变化。

1. to express　考查固定用法。be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。

2. oldest　考查形容词的最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”意为“最……的……之一”。

3. funny　考查形容词。设空处修饰comedians, 表示“有趣的”， 故填funny。

4. have grasped　考查动词的时态。由前面的“So far”可知， 应用现在完成时， 故填have grasped。

5. how　考查疑问词。know后是一个“疑问词＋不定式”结构， 且设空处表示方式， 故填how。

6. the　考查冠词。in the beginning意为“起初”。故填the。

7. blowing　考查固定用法。介词by后需用动词­ing形式作宾语， 故填blowing。

8. quickly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词stick, 表示“迅速地”， 故填quickly。

9. made　考查非谓语动词。make和masks之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 且make所表示的动作已经完成， 故填made。

10. which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句， 补充说明masks, 且在从句中作主语， 故填which。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 因为对顾客粗鲁，这个年轻人很可能会被解雇。(It is... that)

It is possible/likely that the young man will be dismissed because of his rudeness to the customer.

2. 不论你的梦想是什么，你都需要努力去实现它。(whatever)

Whatever your dream is, you should work hard to realise it.

3. 为什么运河被埋上了依然是一个谜。(why＋从句)

Why the canal was buried is still a mystery.

4. 他对一切都感到好奇的事实使他有了自己的发明。(fact)

The fact that he was curious about everything contributed to his invention.

5. 你没必要为你儿子担心。(there is no need...)

There is no need for you to worry about your son.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

The universe is expanding faster than it used to, meaning it's about a billion years younger than we thought, a new study by a Nobel Prize winner says.

At issue is a number called the Hubble constant, a calculation for how fast the universe is expanding. Some scientists call it the most important number in cosmology, the study of the origin and development of the universe.

Using NASA'S Hubble Space Telescope, the Johns Hopkins University astronomer Adam Riess concluded in The Astrophysical Journal that the figure is 9% higher than the previous calculation, which was based on studying leftovers from the Big Bang.

The trouble is Riess and others think both calculations are correct. Confused? That's OK, so are the experts. They find the conflict so confusing that they are talking about coming up with “new physics”， incorporating (合作) perhaps some yet­to­be­discovered particle or other cosmic(宇宙) “fudge factors” like dark energy or dark matter.

“It's looking more and more like we were going to need something new to explain this，” said Riess, who won the 2011 Nobel in physics.

NASA astrophysicist John Mather, another Nobel winner, said this leaves two obvious options, “1. We're making mistakes we can't find yet. 2. Nature has something we can't find yet.”

Even with the discovery, life continues on Earth the way it always has. But to astrophysicists trying to get a handle on our place in this expanding universe, this is a cosmic concern. In fact, the universe is really mystical (神秘的). Scientists have done lots of study about it but there is still much they haven't discovered.

1. What is the finding of the new study?

A. The Earth is younger than expected.

B. Many universal problems are rising.

C. The universe is growing faster than before.

D. The finding is based on past scientists' calculations.

2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2?

A. The Hubble constant.

B. The faster expanding universe.

C. The development of the universe.

D. The scientific research on the universe.

3. How do the experts respond to the conflict of the finding in Paragraph 4?

A. They want to raise a new theory.

B. They want to explore dark matter.

C. They want to further calculate the finding.

D. They want to mix together both calculations.

4. What can we infer from John Mather's words?

A. We cannot find anything useful.

B. Astronomers are making many mistakes.

C. We need to learn about the universe.

D. We cannot find something new from nature.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现宇宙比我们想象的要年轻10亿年。

1. A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，一位诺贝尔奖得主的一项新研究称，宇宙比过去膨胀得更快，这意味着它比我们想象的要年轻10亿年，故A项正确。

2. A　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“At issue is a number called the Hubble constant, a calculation for how fast the universe is expanding.”可知，争论的焦点是一个被称为哈勃常数的数字，它是用来计算宇宙膨胀速度的，因此此处是说一些科学家把哈勃常数称为宇宙学中最重要的数字。由此可知it指代的就是前面提到的“哈勃常数”，故A项正确。

3. A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They find the conflict so confusing that they are talking about coming up with ‘new physics’”可知，他们发现这种冲突是如此令人困惑，以至于他们正在讨论“新物理学”理论(想提出一种新理论)，故A项正确。

4. C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，约翰·马瑟的话表明我们对宇宙的了解还不够，需要进一步了解宇宙，故C项正确。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

The year 79 AD would have seemed — just, like any other year in the Roman city of Pompeii. Each day, the streets were filled with the sounds of busy shops and customers enjoying the city's many cafes.   1 

No one gave any thought to Mount Vesuvius, a volcano close to Pompeii. Vesuvius had been inactive for years. The soil in that area was good for agriculture.   2   But the sleeping mountain was about to wake up... The eruption when it happened, was unlike anything witnessed before. A huge cloud of hot ash rock rose into the air, covering the surrounding area.

A young man watching from a distance, recorded how the thick dark cloud spread everywhere.   3   They took what they could as they tried to get away from the city. But many were trapped by falling buildings.

Suddenly, there was a powerful flow of gas, ash and rock. It moved down Vesuvius at a speed of about 450 kilometres an hour.   4   The city was covered by up to six metres of ash. Pompeii became a city frozen in time.

  5   Many bodies have been found in the same positions in which they fell. Work continues to uncover the rest of the city — and the ancient stories it has to tell.

A. Pompeii was left in total darkness.

B. The city was rediscovered in the mid­18th century.

C. The people of Pompeii had no reason to fear the volcano.

D. People bathed and chatted happily in the beautifully built baths.

E. He described how people were frightened by the sudden disaster.

F. When it reached Pompeii, it immediately killed anyone in its path.

G. Smoke, mud, flames and burning stones spewed from the summit of the mountain.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了公元79年罗马庞贝城维苏威火山突然爆发带来的巨大灾难。

1. D　该段第一句提到“公元79年的罗马庞贝城本该和其他任何一年一样。”，空前一句描述庞贝城日常的生活情景，选项D“人们在建造精美的浴池里愉快地沐浴和聊天。”也是描述庞贝城中人们的日常生活，顺承空前一句的话题。故选D。

2. C　空前一句提到“维苏威火山已经停止活动多年了”，空前一句说明原因，选项C“庞贝人没有理由去担心沉睡的火山。”说明结果。选项C顺承上文的话题。故选C。

3. E　选项E“他描述了人们是如何被突如其来的灾难所吓到的。”与上文“一个年轻人从远处观察着，记录下了浓浓的乌云是如何四处蔓延的。”为承接关系。选项E中He指代上一句中的“A young man”。故选E。

4. F　选项F“当它到达庞贝城时，它立刻杀死了流经路上的人。”与上文“它以每小时450公里的速度向维苏威火山移动。”为承接关系。选项F中的it和空前一句中的it都是指代“a powerful flow of gas, ash and rock”。故选F。

5. B　选项B“这座城市在18世纪中叶被重新发现。”与下文“许多尸体都是在他们倒下的地方被发现的。”为承接关系。选项B中的“rediscovered”与下文中的“have been found”和“uncover”语义相同，是词汇复现。故选B。