人教版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价24 选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE含答案

课时质量评价(二十四)

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ.  语法填空

A

It is generally believed that porridge doesn't have a tasty name. However, I'm here to try to convince you that porridge isn't tasteless. Instead, it can be a delicious, 1. ________(convenience) and very healthy way to start the day.

Porridge is a type of food  2. ________(serve) for breakfast. It is a type of grain mixed with either milk or water. Porridge is  3. ________(thick) than liquid and it is very easy to digest. It is regarded as a good option for people 4. ________ are ill, since it can provide long­lasting energy for the day.

Porridge preparation, such as the amount of ingredients and cooking time 5. ________(depend) on what you choose to use as your porridge base.  6. ________ it's cooked, the fun part is to add the flavours. Porridge is like a blank piece of paper, so you can add almost anything you want 7. ________ the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruit are very healthy 8. ________(choose) to add.

One of the best  9. ________(thing) about porridge is that you can make it almost anywhere in the world. Either oats or maize  10. ________(be) very common for people across the world. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local ingredients to make your porridge interesting.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们饮食中最常见的食物——粥。

1. convenient　考查形容词。and连接delicious，convenient和healthy三个并列的形容词。

2. served　考查非谓语动词。food和serve之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词形式作后置定语。

3. thicker　考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式thicker。

4. who　考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，指代先行词people，在句中作主语。

5. depends　考查动词的时态与语态。主语Porridge preparation ... 为单数形式，且文章整体时态为现在时态，故此处用depends。

6. Once/When　考查连词。句意：一旦/当做起来，有趣的部分是增加调味。

7. to　考查介词。add ... to ...为固定短语，意为“把……加入……中”。

8. choices　考查名词。形容词healthy修饰名词，choice为可数名词，故此处用复数形式。

9. things　考查名词。one of后接名词复数，故此处用thing的复数形式things。

10. is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。either ... or ... 遵循就近原则，此处谓语动词形式应和maize保持一致，maize为单数形式，又根据上下文语境可知，应用一般现在时，故此处用is。

B

Mochi (年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 1. ________ (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged at the New Year.

Mochi is made by 2. ________ (put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of 3. ________ are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is often decorated with 4. ________ (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 5. ________ gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year.

Traditionally, wooden mortars (臼) and pestles (杵) 6. ________ (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 7. ________ a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft but it hardens quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or 8. ________ (shape) into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it's 9. ________ (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge.

Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep­fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 10. ________ (choke) on it.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国和日本受欢迎的传统食物——年糕及其制作过程等内容。

1. specially　考查副词。此处要用副词修饰过去分词treated，故填specially。

2. putting　考查非谓语动词。by是介词，表示“通过……”，后接动名词形式作宾语，故填putting。

3. which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rounds，故填关系代词which。

4. flowers　考查名词。根据or fruits可知，此处也要用名词复数，故填flowers。

5. a　考查冠词。gift为可数名词，此处修饰名词gift，且gift以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a，表示泛指。

6. are used　考查动词时态和语态。主语为wooden mortars and pestles，谓语动词要用复数形式，且与use构成被动关系，又因为全文时态为一般现在时，故填are used。

7. with　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处用介词with表示“与……一起”，故填with。

8. shaped　考查非谓语动词。根据or前的flattened and cut可知，此处也要用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填shaped。

9. better　考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级，故填better。

10. to choke　考查非谓语动词。be careful to do sth.为固定词组，表示“小心做某事”，故填to choke。

Ⅱ.  根据提示补全句子

1.  新西兰主要由两个大岛组成，其中大一些的岛屿是南岛。

①New Zealand is_mainly_made_up_of two big islands, the larger of which is the South Island. (be made up of)

②New Zealand mainly_consists_of two big islands, the larger of which is the South Island. (consist of)

2.  了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这些诗。(contribute)

Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will contribute_to_your_understanding _of_the_poems.

3.  我的确希望你能在你方便时给我一些宝贵的建议。(助动词加强语气)

I_do_hope you can give me some valuable tips at your convenience.

4.  有人对她搞恶作剧，在那些台阶的顶部拉了一根绳子。(trick)

Someone had played_a_trick_on_her,stretched a piece of string at the top of those steps.

5. 这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)

These travellers returned to the hotel, tired_and_sleepy.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ.  阅读理解

A

We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food — and not too much of it — live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets — Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet — may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.

Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.

New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low­fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.

Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.

However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.

1. What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?

A. They contain abundant calories.

B. They tend to be expensive.

C. They share certain similarities.

D. They reflect popular tastes.

2. What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?

A. Going low in calories.

B. Eating to the fullest.

C. Having much seafood.

D. Picking many foods.

3. How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?

A. By building connections.

B. By exploring reasons.

C. By listing examples.

D. By analysing figures.

4. Which can be the most suitable title for the text?

A. What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?

B. How Does the Old Expression Serve?

C. Why Is a Healthy Diet So Important?

D. Where Can We Feed Ourselves Well?

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。

1. C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C。

2. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B。

3. C　写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。

4. A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作为文章标题最合适。

B

A few weeks ago, scientists at Ukraine's Vernadsky Research Base in Antarctica found their usually white surrounds were covered in a shocking blood­red.  For such a mess, the culprits behind this horrible scene are tiny.

“Our scientists have identified them under a microscope as Chlamydomonas nivalis (雪地衣藻)，” said the National Antarctic Scientific Centre of Ukraine in a Facebook post.

These green algae, a type of seaweed, are common in all icy and snowy regions of Earth, from the Arctic to high mountain regions.  They lie still during the freezing winter, but once the sunlight warms enough to soften their world, the algae awake, making use of the meltwater and sunlight to rapidly bloom.

“The algae need liquid water in order to bloom，”University of Leeds microbiologist Steffi Lutz told Gizmodo in 2016. “The algal blooms contribute to climate change，” the centre stated.

A study in 2016 showed that snow algal blooms can decrease the amount of light reflected from the snow by up to 13 percent across one melt season in the Arctic.  “This will surely result in higher melt rates，” the researchers wrote.

In 2017 environmental scientists calculated that microbial communities contributed to over a sixth of the snowmelt where they were present in Alaskan icefields.  Their experiments showed that areas with more meltwater led to the growth of 50 percent more algae and places with more algae melted further.

This Antarctic summer has certainly seen a lot more meltwater than usual.  Temperature records keep changing, leading to rapid melting at a scale previously only seen in the Northern Hemisphere.

5.  What does the underlined word “culprits” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.  Risks. 　　 B.  Chances.

C.  Effects.  D.  Criminals.

6.  What can we know about Chlamydomonas nivalis?

A.  They can be found anywhere.  

B.  They are sensitive to temperature.

C.  They grow slower than before.  

D.  They survive only one melt season.

7.  What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A.  Ice and snow will soon disappear in the Antarctic.

B.  Microbial communities bring about extreme weathers.

C.  The Southern Hemisphere is warmer than the other parts.

D.  Climate change and algae growth interact with each other.

8.  Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A.  Why Snow Turned Blood­red  

B.  How Algae Began in the Arctic

C.  Why Climate Changes Greatly  

D.  How the Snow Reflects Sunlight

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了几周前，乌克兰南极洲弗纳德斯基研究基地的科学家们发现，他们平时洁白的四周被一片触目惊心的血红色所覆盖，而造成这一现象的背后原因是雪地衣藻。文章介绍了雪地衣藻的习性以及其与气候变化之间相互影响的关系。

5.  D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“behind this horrible scene are tiny”可知，此处指造成周围一片触目惊心的血红色这一恐怖场景背后的“罪犯”是小小的雪地衣藻。由此可知，画线单词“culprits”的意思为“罪犯”。故选D。

6.  B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They lie still during the freezing winter, but once the sunlight warms enough to soften their world, the algae awake, making use of the meltwater and sunlight to rapidly bloom.”可知，雪地衣藻对温度很敏感。故选B。

7.  D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘The algae need liquid water in order to bloom，’ University of Leeds microbiologist Steffi Lutz told Gizmodo in 2016.  ‘The algal blooms contribute to climate change，’ the centre stated.”可推知，气候变化与藻类生长相互作用。故选D。

8.  A　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“A few weeks ago, scientists at Ukraine's Vernadsky Research Base in Antarctica found their usually white surrounds were covered in a shocking blood­red.”并结合文章说明了造成这一现象的背后原因是雪地衣藻，介绍了雪地衣藻的习性，以及其与气候变化之间相互影响的关系可知，A选项“雪为什么会变成血红色”最符合文章标题。故选A。

Ⅱ. 读后续写

(2021·全国重点中学模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A boulder (巨石), as big as a house. That's how the guidebook described Giant Rock. Dad said it arrived here millions of years ago. I was finally going to see it, in snowshoes, with my two older cousins, my dad, and my uncle Don. I'd been snowshoeing before, and I liked the adventure of hiking through deep snow.

At the parking area, after putting on our snowshoes，we studied the map. Due to the geographical location, electrical devices are inaccessible here. The map is our only guide. “We start here，” Dad said, “on the red trail (小路). Then we turn left onto the purple road. That's where Giant Rock is.” “Remember to stick together and don't wander off, guys，” Uncle Don said.

The trail ran uphill alongside a stone wall. It was easy to follow because red markers were nailed to the trees and the snow had been packed down by other hikers. At the top of the hill, we turned onto the purple trail. We settled into a pattern, with Dad and everyone else in front and me in the back, crunching (嘎吱嘎吱地踩) through the snow. I saw lots of animal tracks — mostly deer, squirrel, and rabbit prints. As the trail wound down, my cousin Andrew said what I'd been thinking: “Will we ever reach Giant Rock？” My cousin Aiden smiled and turned to me, “Luke, do you think your dad invented this idea just to get us away from the TV for a while？” I laughed. “You never know.” Finally, we climbed a hill and saw the massive boulder sitting alone in the forest. It really is as big as a house! My cousins and I high­fived each other and jogged until we stood at the base, breathless. Standing in the boulder's broad shadow, I noticed the sun had sunk lower.

“Let's head back，” Dad said after a few minutes. “There will be several crossroads on the way back. Guys, keep up with the team.” Soon we were crunch­crunch­crunching our way home. I was a little behind the group when we approached a crossroads. And I noticed a set of animal tracks I didn't recognise, so I followed them for a closer look.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

I looked up when I suddenly realised how quiet it had gotten. _______________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

As going worriedly, I heard voices, someone calling far away. ______________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

I looked up when I suddenly realised how quiet it had gotten. “Where is everyone？” I shouted. Nothing. They couldn't have gone far. I'll catch up if I hurry. After a short walk, I came to the crossroads where I could turn left or go straight, but both trails had red markers. I turned to the left which looked familiar. As I strode, it got quieter and quieter. I worried I wandered off. Soon it might be too dark to tell what colour the markers were. I had no flashlight. No phone. What if I couldn't find my way back?

As going worriedly, I heard voices, someone calling far away. Then I noticed the stone wall, the trail running alongside it. This had to be right. I rushed downhill with big steps. Then, the best sight ever: the parking area — and my family! I shouted as I ran toward them. “Luke? Are you OK？” The voice of Dad was urgent. He shined a flashlight in my direction. I'd only been lost for minutes, but it had felt like forever. Now all I wanted was a bear hug from Dad and to make tracks for home.