人教版高考英语一轮总复习必修第1册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS课时学案

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮总复习必修第1册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS课时学案，共16页。


三言
两语
1. The cause of natural disasters is the behaviour of human beings.
2. Disaster Day is aiming at proposing everyone to stop doing the things that will cause natural disasters.
3. Natural disasters have caused serious tragedy，leaving plenty of people hurt or dead.
1. 尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支持被这次最严重的灾难袭击的地区。
In spite of this, the government called on the whole nation to support the area hit_by_the_ worst_disaster.
2. 此外，市政府及时采取各种紧急的措施解救被雪灾困住的群众，确保一切尽快恢复正常。
Besides, the city government took all kinds of urgent measures to rescue the people trapped_in the snowstorm to ensure that everything would_return_to_normal as soon as possible.


核
心
单
词
　　[默写识记]根据汉语释义写出单词　
1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
3. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
4. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
5. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
6. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
7. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给
8. strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
9. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
10. revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
11. flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
12. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
13. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
　　[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空　
1. Right after he was_rescued (rescue) by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted (行礼) and smiled at them.
2. As this lock is_damaged/has_been_damaged (damage), this door will never open!
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)If you do, you won't be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins (ruin) everyone's day.
4. Some miners were_trapped (trap) underground after the sudden collapse of the mine.
5. Buried (bury) in reading, she didn't notice her mother standing aside her for a while.
6. He often supplies (supply) food and clothing to the children in the mountainous areas.
续表
拓
展
单
词
　　[词汇变形]根据汉语释义写出单词及其变化形式　
1. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的；骇人的→shocked adj. (感到)震惊的
2. electricity n. 电；电能→electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的→electric adj. 用电的；电动的；带电的
3. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸；气息→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的
4. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；受难→sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
5. erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发；喷发
6. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的→powerfully adv. 强烈地；有效地
7. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 传递；交付；递送
8. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→affect vt. 影响；疾病侵袭；深深打动→effective adj. 有效的；生效的
9. length n. 长；长度→lengthen v. 加长；延长→long adj. 长的；冗长的
10. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survival n. 生存；幸存；幸存事物→survivor n. 生还者；幸存者
　　[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空　
1. Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors. (survive)
2. We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday. (shock)
3. This area was_affected by the terrible flood, so we must take effective measures to help it go through the difficulties. (effect)
4. You must learn to_breathe regularly. Otherwise, you will feel out of breath after such a long distance. (breath)
5. The road has a total length of two miles only, so the workers decide to lengthen it. (long)
阅
读
单
词
【教师用书独具】
1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害　　　　　　　　　　
2. tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风
3. drought n. 旱灾；久旱
4. landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
5. slide vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
6. tsunami n. 海啸
7. magnitude n. (地)震级；重大
8. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
9. helicopter n. 直升机
10. death n. 死；死亡
11. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝　vi. & vt. (使)破裂
12. percent n. 百分之……　adj. & adv. 每一百中
13. brick n. 砖；砖块
14. metal n. 金属
15. kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
16. revival n. 振兴；复苏
17. unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体
18. wisdom n. 智慧；才智
19. context n. 上下文；语境；背景
20. typhoon n. 台风
21. hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
22. tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
23. pipe n. 管子；管道
24. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
25. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
26. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资　vi. & vt. 帮助；援助
27. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击　n. 撞车；碰撞
28. sweep vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫
29. wave n. 海浪；波浪　vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
30. summary n. 总结；概括；概要
续表
熟
词
生
义
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). 电力供应
2. He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs. 使免于；庇护
3. Mrs Long, who suffered a stroke after the accident, claimed $27,000 damages from the other driver's car insurance firm. 赔偿金

高频短语
短语应用
1. as_if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2. in_ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3. in_shock震惊；吃惊
4. be/become_a_home_to 是/成为……的家园
5. sweep_away消灭；彻底消除
6. come_to_an_end结束
7. get_back_up_on_one's_feet重新站起来；东山再起
8. in_the_open_air 露天；在户外
9. on_hand现有(尤指帮助)
10. put_up提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴
　　[语境运用1]填入一个适当的词　
1. Her life has not come to an end, and she also doesn't know what is waiting for her ahead.
2. The buffalo (野牛) then tried to lift itself up with great difficulty, and after some time managed to get back up on its feet.
3. Always have your dictionary on hand when you study because it is very convenient for you to refer to it.
[语境运用2]填入一个适当的词　
After the terrible earthquake, all the houses and buildings became 1. in ruins. It seemed as 2. if_the world were at an end. Despite this, all the people decided to work hard to sweep 3. away the disaster and rebuild their home.

教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1. too ... to ...
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这个沉重的石头。
The little boy is too_young_to_raise the heavy stone.
2. it seemed as if ...
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！
好像他已经知道了刚才所发生的一切。
It_seemed_as_if he had known about what happened just now.
3. 主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
众所周知，山里的空气呼吸起来很舒服。
As we all know, the_air_is_comfortable_to_breathe in the mountainous areas.
4. make it difficult to do ...
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。
They not only make_it_difficult_for_people_to_sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.

1. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(1)be affected by被……侵袭；被……感动
be affected with high fever发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用；影响；效果；结果
influence n. & v. 影响
have an effect/influence on对……产生影响
(3)affection n. [U]喜爱；钟爱；慈爱
sb.'s affections 某人的钟爱
[词块]
decisions which affect our lives影响我们生活的决定
gain/win my mother's affections得到母亲的爱
单句语法填空
①(2020· 江苏卷)Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.
②Affected (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
③I feel much affection (affect) for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on_me.
句式升级
(普通表达)Many young people were deeply affected/moved/touched by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
④(高级表达)Deeply_affected/moved/touched_by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语)
2. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
be buried in/bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought沉思
[词块]
bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面
buried treasure埋藏的财宝
单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying (bury) her head in the book in her hands.
②He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
③When I entered the room, I found him burying (bury) his face in his hands.
句式升级
(普通表达)Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book, he didn't notice that all the others had left.
④(高级表达)Burying_himself_in_his_book,he didn't notice that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried_in_his_book,he didn't notice that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语)
3. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 遭受；患病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦难；折磨；让人痛苦的事

(1)suffer用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词，其后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。
[词块]
suffer from a heart attack患有心脏病
suffer a great deal from cold and hunger饥寒交迫
suffer serious brain damage脑部严重损伤
单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②It is hard to imagine the pain and sufferings_(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.
句式升级
(普通表达)He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
③(高级表达)Never before in his life had_he_suffered_such_a_great_loss,so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
④(高级表达)Not having_suffered_such_a_great_loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (现在分词短语作状语)
4. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
(1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident ...)从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还
survive on靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survival n. 幸存；[C]遗物；幸存物
(3)survivor n. 幸存者；死里逃生的人
[词块]
survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难
survive on such a low salary 靠这么低的工资维持生计
survive the economic crisis挺过经济危机
单句语法填空
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to_survive (survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
②After the plane crash, what the survivors (survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.
③If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive).
句式升级
(普通表达)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
④(高级表达)Having_survived_that_night，we were confident that everything else would be all right. (现在分词短语作状语)
5. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 vt. 给……提供动力
(1)come to/into power掌权； 上台
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one's power/do one's best 尽力而为； 竭尽全力
in power 当权的；执政的
(2)powerful adj. 强大的；权力大的
(3)powerfully adv. 强有力地；强大地
(4)powerless adj. 无权力的；无力量的；无能为力的
[词块]
abuse one's power滥用权力
the power failure停电
a power plant发电厂
a political party in power执政党
an industrial power工业大国
the aircraft powered by a jet engine由喷气发动机驱动的飞机
单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer is a first­generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful (power)．
②After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve people's life.
③The government has been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong.
④Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond my power to do so.
句式升级
(普通表达)(全国卷Ⅰ)You are so diligent that I'll try my best to help you know more about Tang poems.
⑤(高级表达) You are so diligent that I'll do_all/everything_in_my_power_to help you know more about Tang poems.
⑥(高级表达) You are so diligent that I'll do_what_I_can_to_help you know more about Tang poems.(what引导宾语从句)
6. strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；敲；(使)突然想起 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想到某事
It strikes sb. that/to do ... 某人想到……
(2)be struck by ... 被……打动；迷恋……
(3)strike sb. in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人某部位
(4)be on/go on strike 在/举行罢工
[词块]
be struck by the beautiful scenery 被美丽的风景所打动
strike sb. in the face 打在某人脸上
写出下列句子中strike的词性和含义
①She was practising surfing when a shark struck. v._袭击
②The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country. v._打动；给……以印象
③I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. v._(钟)_敲
④It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. v._想起
⑤The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. n._罢工
句式升级
(普通表达)I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
⑥(高级表达)Struck_by_his_inspiring_words,I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (过去分词短语作状语)
7. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
(1)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己； 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
[词块]
ruin the table cloth 弄脏了那块桌布
ruin our friendship破坏了我们的友谊
the ruin of civilisation文明的毁灭
financial ruin破产
the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined (ruin) an entire day?
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?
③Drunk driving not only ruined himself (he) but also killed several passers­by.
④When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ruins.
完成句子
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
⑤The whole city lay in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.
8. put up 提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴；留宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
put forward 提出(意见、建议)
put on 穿上；上演
put off 推迟；延期
put away 放好(某物)；储存
put down 放下；写下；镇压
put aside ... 储存……备用；留下……供专用
写出下列句子中put up的含义
①First he opened a shop and then put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.张贴
②Those who know the answer to the question, please put up your hands.举起
③I was hoping Kate could put me up for a few nights when I visited the city. 留宿
④Most big stores admit they daren't put prices up for fear of losing their customers.提高
完成句子
学生们提出了许多需要马上解决的问题。
⑤The students have put_forward_a_lot_of_questions that need to be solved at once.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。
⑥I can put_up_with the house's being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
每年孩子们都把一些零花钱存起来买新年礼物。
⑦Every year children put_aside_some_of_their_pocket_money to buy New Year's presents.
9. 主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式
(教材原文)Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 水、食物和电难以获得。
“主语＋be＋adj. ＋不定式”结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：good, difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, interesting, exciting等。

不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。
单句语法填空
①The problem looks rather easy, but in fact it is very hard to deal with.
②This problem is not easy to_figure (figure) out.
完成句子
在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。
③Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite. The morning air is good_to_breathe.
虽然李萍不健谈，但与她相处不难。
④While Li Ping is not a talkative girl, she_is_not_difficult_to_get_along_with.


用所给词的正确形式填空
1. The 65­year­old Steve Goodwin was found suffering (suffer) from early Alzheimer's disease (阿尔茨海默病).
2. It struck (strike) me that playing against the other team was a great moment for all the girls on the team.
3. This machine is very easy to_operate (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
4. Group exercise is one of the most effective (effect) ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.
5. With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
在空白处填入一个适当的词
1. The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.
2. Honestly speaking, it's beyond my power to help you solve such a difficult problem.
3. We clean the house to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival.
4. The doctor advised the man to give up smoking immediately.
5. He talked of other cultures as if/though they were more familiar to him than his own.
查缺补漏
1. (2018·浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was_shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
2. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy).
3. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to_survive (survive) without friends in life.
4. The headmaster delivered (deliver) an important speech at the meeting yesterday, which left a deep impression on his students.
5. A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.

【教师用书独具】
单元话题语篇练
(2020·山东济南4月模拟)The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 1. the country is far from over. Many of the fires 2. sent (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds (积雨云). The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 3. resulting (result) in fire tornadoes (龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4. are_found (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the 5. fires (fire) have done to wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6. to_continue (continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.
This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 7. regularly (regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 8. worse (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made 9. it to South America.
There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months, 10. which could have a small effect on the planet's climate.
单元话题写作练
1. 补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)
①一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。
One night, everything began_to_shake.
②水管爆裂，砖从房子上掉了下来。
The pipes cracked and the bricks fell down the houses.
③所有的人都感到很震惊。
All the people felt shocked.
④无论走到哪里，我们都能看见一切都已经变成废墟。
No matter where we went, we found everything lay in_ruins.
⑤仿佛到了世界末日！
It seemed as_if the world were at an end!
⑥有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。
Some people were_injured;_some were buried in the ruins.
⑦来自全国各地的士兵们立刻前来救援。他们救出了一些被困在废墟中的人，并将死者掩埋。
The soldiers who were from all parts of our country came to the rescue right away, saved those who were_trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.
⑧很多其他救援队伍被组织起来派送各种供给品。
Many other rescue teams were organised to deliver various supplies.
⑨他们不遗余力地给幸存者以及时的救助。
They spared_no_effort to offer instant aid to the survivors.
⑩在全国人民的帮助下，我们在灾难面前保持镇静。
With the aid of people from the whole country, we kept calm in the face of the disaster.
2. 升级平淡句
(1)用 with复合结构合并1中句①和句②
One_night,_everything_began_to_shake,_with_the_pipes_cracking_and_the_bricks_falling_down_the_houses.
(2)用非谓语动词作状语合并1中句⑧和句⑨
Many other rescue teams were organised to deliver various supplies, sparing no effort to offer instant aid to the survivors._
3. 衔接成文
One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes cracking and the bricks falling down the houses. All the people felt shocked. No matter where we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world were at an end! Some people were injured; some were buried in the ruins. The soldiers who were from all parts of our country came to the rescue right away, saved those who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. Besides, many other rescue teams were organised to deliver various supplies, sparing no effort to offer instant aid to the survivors. With the aid of people from the whole country, we kept calm in the face of the disaster.