小学六年级英语上册英语知识要点复习讲义

小学英语知识要点总复习讲义

名词复数规则

1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：  

   book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds

2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es,如：

   bus-buses,box-boxes,peach-peaches, watch-watches

3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es,如： 

   family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，（但有一个特例：roof→roofs）。

   如： knife-knives  leaf-leaves  wife-wives  thief-thieves  wolf-wolves

5.以“o”结尾的单词，如果有生命，加-es；如果没有生命，加-s。

如：①有生命：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes（芒果）hero-heroes（英雄）          Negro- Negroes （黑人）

②没生命：radio-radios  piano-pianos  photo-photos  zoo-zoos

6.不规则名词的复数变化：

（一）完全不规则：

 man-men  woman-women  policeman-policemen   policewoman-policewomen    mouse-mice   child-children   foot-feet   tooth-teeth  goose-geese

（二）单数复数同形：

   fish-fish    sheep-sheep      deer-deer     people-people

   Chinese-Chinese   Japanese-Japanese

小练习：

写出下列各词的复数

 I _______ him ______ this ______ her ______ watch _______ child ______ photo ______ diary______day______foot_______ book______ dress _____tooth______ sheep ______box_____ strawberry ________ leaf ____ potato ______ peach______ bus ______ man______ woman______ paper_______ juice______

water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________

一般现在时态

一般现在时基本用法介绍

　1.一般现在时的功能

　　1）.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

　　2）.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

　　3）.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

　2.一般现在时的构成

　　1）.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：

　　    I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

　　2）.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。

　　 (1)当主语为第一、第二人称或复数做主语时，谓动是原形。如：    I like English.我喜欢英语。

       We study English.我们学习英语。

　　（2）当主语为第三人称(he, she,it)或单数时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：  Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

　　3.一般现在时的变化

　A、be 动词的变化

   a.肯变否句，有be动词is\am\are\was\were，直接在is\am\are 动词后加not。

  (注：我（I）用am,你（you） 用are，is跟着他、她、它，单数和不可数名次用is，复数用are）

　　  如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

　　b.肯变一般疑问句：Is\Am\are+主语+其它 ?

        （注：I\We变you,you 变I\we,其他人称不变）

      如：-I am a student.→-Are you a student?（注:一般疑问句有肯定和否定回答）

　　　　      -Yes，I am./ No,I'm not.

    c.特殊疑问句：疑问词(How\What\Where\When\How many...)+一般疑问句?（注：特殊疑问句直接回答）

       如：Where is my car?   It’s  under the chair.

　B.行为动词的变化。

　　 a.肯变否定句：

  主语（第一、第二人称或复数）+ don't +动词原形(+其它)。如：

　　      I don't like bread.

  当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：

　　      He doesn't often play computer games.

　　  b.肯变一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它?

     当主语为第一、第二人称或复数时用助动词Do构成一般疑问句。如：

　　   - Do you often play football?

　　   - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

　当主语为第三人称或单数时，要用Does构成一般疑问句。如：

　　   - Does she go to work by bike?

　　   - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

　　c.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?

4.动词第三人称单数加"-s"或"-es"形式的变化规则

   1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：play-plays, work-works.

   2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,   go-goes,do-does  

   3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies.

   4.以不发音的e结尾，直接加-s .如：make-makes.

   5.特殊词have-has.

一般现在时用法专项练习:

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go ______ stay ______ make ______

look _______ have_______ pass______  carry ______ come______   watch______ plant_______ fly _______ study_______ brush_______ do________  teach_______ like_________

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1.He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3.We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4.Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5.______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6.What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7._______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8.The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9.She and I ________(watch) TV together every evening.

10.There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11.Mike _______(like) cooking.

12.They _______(have) the same hobby.

13.My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14.You always _______(do) your homework well.

15.I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16.She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17.Liu Tao _______(do not) like PE.

18.The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19.Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20.－What day _______(be) it today?  － It’s Saturday.

三、按照要求改写句子

   1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

  ___________________________________________________

   2.I am a teacher.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)

  ____________________________________________________

  3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)

  ___________________________________________________ 

  4.Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)

  ___________________________________________________

  5.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)  _______________________________________________________

  6.He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)

  ___________________________________________________

  7.I like taking pictures on the holiday.(对划线部分提问)

_______________________________________________________

  8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

  ___________________________________________________

  9.She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)

 _______________________________________________________

  10.Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)

  ___________________________________________________

四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is  your brother speak English?      __________________________________________________  

2. Does he likes going fishing?          __________________________________________________  

3. He likes play games after class.      __________________________________________________  

4. Miss wei teaches us English.             __________________________________________________  

5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays.

_________________________________________________  

现在进行时态

1.现在进行时表示事情现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构由be+动词ing.

    (即is \am\are\was\were+v-ing) 。

3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

    (即is \am\are\was\were+not+v-ing) 

4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首.

    (即Is \Am\Are\Was\Were +主语+v-ing）

5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：

 疑问词(How\What\Where\When\How many...) + be + 主语 + 动词ing?

动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．单音节词以辅元辅结尾，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________

go_________ like________  write________ ski___________

read________ have_________ sing  ________ dance_________

put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________

live_______ take_________ come ________  get_________

stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen ！Some girls ___________( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look ！ They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls _____________(dance )in the classroom .

8.-What is our mother doing?

 She _________(listen ) to music.

9. It’s  5  o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

三、句型转换：

1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)

_______________________________________________________

4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)

_______________________________________________________

一般将来时态

一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。

二、基本结构：

    ①be going to + do；

    ②will+ do.

三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

     例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。

     例如：We are going to take a trip this weekend. → Are you going to take a trip this weekend?

五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1.问人,用疑问词Who 。例如：I’m going to New York tomorrow. →Who’s going to New York tomorrow？

2.问干什么。用What … do.例如：My father is going to watch TV this afternoon. →What is your father going to do this afternoon？

3.问什么时候。用When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

六、同义句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.

将来时态练习：

填空。

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

   I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

   I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

   What ______ _______ _______ _______ ______ next Monday?

   I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

   What _________ you do next Monday?  I _______ play basketball.

3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。

   _____ your mother _____ ______ go shopping this _______?

   Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

4.你们打算什么时候去旅行。

   When_______ you _________ __________ take a trip?

改句子。

5.Nancy is going to go shopping.（改否定句）

   Nancy ________ going to go shopping.

6.I’ll go swimming with them.（改否定句）

   I _______ go swimming with them.

7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）

   ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8.We will take a bus to the library.（改一般疑问句）

   _______ ________ take a bus to the library?

9.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）

   ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10.My father and mother are going to do housework tomorrow.(对划线部分提问)

   _________ _________ going to do housework tomorrow?

用所给词的适当形式填空。

11.Today is a sunny day.

We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

12.My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13.Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

14.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(watch) insects?

15.It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend?

 She ____________(watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

16. What ___(do) you do last Sunday? I ___(pick) apples on a farm.

   What _____you____(do) next Sunday? I _______collect stamps.

17.Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

18.Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

19.David ______________ (have) a birthday party next Monday.

20.I ________________ (plan) for my study now.

一般过去时态

1．一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday，last weekend \Monday\year...,the day before yesterday等

2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

  ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）

  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

 ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

   否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

   一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如：Did Jim go home yesterday?

   特殊疑问句：

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？

如：What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？

如：Who went  home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work-worked, clean-cleaned

2．以不发音e结尾，直接加d，如：taste-tasted

3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied

5．不规则动词过去式：（需自己记忆）

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave,

get-got, go-went, come-came,have/has-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, can-could,shall-should,bring-brought, lose-lost,sleep-slept,find-found,hurt-hurt,keep-kept,leave-left,

send-sent,cut-cut,drive-drove,fall-fell,sell-sold,stand-stood,

think-thought, sit-sat,let-let,write-wrote,teach-taught,tell-told,

一般过去时练习

写出下列动词的过去式

is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________

drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________

does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______

throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do  ________

think_________

Be动词的过去时练习（1）

一、用动词的适当形式填空

1.I _______ （go)to school yesterday.

2.He ________ (study) English last weekend.

3.Amy and Luce ________ students two years ago.

4.We      （eat）many oranges just now.      

5.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7.There ________ some milk in the fridge last Sunday.

8.The  phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

二、句型转换

1. It was exciting.

  否定句：________________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

2. All the students were very excited.

  否定句：________________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

3. They were in the woods.

  否定句：________________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

形容词比较级

一、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个或两者以上事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。（形容词比较级 +than)

2．形容词比较级的规则：

  ⑴一般在词尾加er ；

  ⑵以不发音字母e 结尾，加r ；

  ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；

  ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。

3．不规则形容词比较级：

  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

形容词比较级练习：

(一)、写出下列形容词的比较级

  old__________  young________ tall_______ long________ 

  short________   strong________big________small_______

  fat_________  thin__________ heavy______funny________

 early_________good_________ beautiful_________________

(二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：

1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.

2. Tom is  ________(fat) than Jim.

3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.

4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.

5. Whose pencil-box is _______(big),yours or hers?

6. Mary’s hair is  __________(long) than Lucy’s.

7.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).

人称代词与物主代词
一、人称代词

二、物主代词

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. The yellow picture is____（my）.
2. The dog is _______(Mike)
3. –Whose book is it ?-It’s _______(he).
4. Look!This is my computer,That is ______(you).
5. _____(she)name is Amy.
6. These books are_____(they),and those are______(you)
7. Your feet are bigger than______(my)
8. Are these______(we)?

9_____(it) name is Meimei.

10._______(they) tails are longer then the rabbits’.

完全,缩略形式

 I'm=I am  he's=he is  she's=she is  they're=they are  you're=you are there's=there is  they're=they are  can't=can not  don't=do not 

doesn't=does not  isn't=is not  aren't=are not   let's=let us  won't=will not  I'll=I will    wasn't=was not

学生易错知识
1. a, an的选择: 单词发音为元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are；I 用 am ；you 用 are；

   is跟着he\she\it.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have；

   I ,you 用 have ； he\she\it用has.
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6.疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)