2023南阳一中校上期高二开学考试英语试题含答案

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河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年上期高二开学考试物理试题第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AINTRODUCTIONChinese Government Scholarship program for international students is established by the Ministry of Education (MOE) of the People’s Republic of China aiming to promote Chinese higher education brand on an international basis. China Scholarship Council, entrusted by the MOE, holds the responsibility of verification(证实), approval and the routine management of the program.SCHOLARSHIP COVERAGETuition; campus accommodation fees; medical insurance and a monthly allowance.APPLICANTS●Applicants must be non-Chinese citizens and in good health.●Applicants for a master’s degree program must have a bachelor’s degree and be under 35.●Applicants for a doctoral degree program must have a master’s degree and be under 40.APPLICATION1.Apply online at www.campuschina.org2.Mail application documents to East China Normal University(ECNU)●An application form for Chinese Government Scholarship.●The highest diploma and academic transcripts(学生成绩单) (notarized photocopies). Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized(经过公证的) translation in Chinese or English.●A research plan. It is required to be no more than 800 words.●Recommendation letters. Applicants for postgraduate studies must submit two letters of recommendation in Chinese or English by professors or associate professors.●A photocopy of Foreigner Physical Examination Form. Please select the appropriate time to take medical examination as it is valid for only 180 days.●The HSK(Chinese Proficiency Test) certificate.●The processing fee. The bank wire receipt should be enclosed in the application package.3.Application dateYour application documents should reach the International Students Office of ECNU by April 30th.APPROVAL AND NOTIFICATIONThe result will be posted online at https://lxs.ecnu.edu.cn by the end of June.21. What do we know about the program?A. There is no age limit for applicants.     B. The application is due on June 30th.C. It is only for international students.     D. There are two websites for application.22. What will applicants have to pay according to the text?A. Tuition.      B. Processing fees.     C. All living costs.     D. Medical examination charge.23. What can we infer from the text?A. Longer research plans are preferred. B. The HSK certificate is valid for only 180 days.C. Government officials give recommendation letters.D. Education certificates in Chinese or English are accepted.BMy family would describe me as anything but a risk-taker. “Grandma drives faster than you!” my younger son likes to joke with me. So when I announced I was going to step outside my comfort zone and sign up for a self-defense course, my children, my husband, and even my mom were a bit doubtful. A gym near my house was offering free two-hour classes including boxing, wrestling and judo(柔道). I signed up for it and for the next days I questioned whether yoga would have been a wiser choice. The morning of the class, I pulled up to the gym, grabbed my water bottle along with a bit of courage I brought with me, and walked inside. We learned how to kick and knee someone where it counts and how to strike using the palms of our hands. After the instructor showed various escape techniques, I wondered what I was doing there. Seconds later, I reminded myself that I was on a search to push my boundaries(极限). By the time the class ended, I was full of energy. Before I entered the gym, I never imagined I would have the confidence and courage to throw a punch that could discourage someone twice my size. Almost two years later, I still attend classes. As the oldest female in the class, I push myself to keep up, try harder and, more importantly, not quit. Between increasing my strength and feeling confident about protecting myself (although I hope I never have to test my skills outside the gym), I’m proud of the risk I took in signing up for the course. I know that defending myself is not about strength; it’s about strategy. At the same time, I’m calmer and less anxious—a benefit my family enjoys. As for my driving, after a recent lunch date, my mom suggested I speed up to at least the speed limit. She didn’t want to be late for her tennis match.24. What did the author’s family think of her according to paragraph 1?A. She is unreliable.          B. She likes taking risks.C. She is a doer rather than a talker.     D. She used to enjoy her comfortable zone.25. How did the author’s feelings change during her first self-defense class?A. Uncertain →excited →bored        B. Curious →excited →confidentC. Uneasy →confused →determined    D. Excited →confident →discouraged26. What can we learn about the author according to the last paragraph?A. She often feels upset and lonely.B. She still drives not too fast.C. She has ever been attacked outside of the gym.D. She regrets taking the self-defense classes.27. What can be the best title for the text?A. More than Self-defense         B. Building a Better FutureC. The Fight That Never Ends         D. Never Too Old to LearnCMachine learning is a way of teaching computers to do tasks. In the past, to do anything, computers depended on detailed, step-by-step instructions written by a person. But with machine learning, computers pick up new skills on their own, using examples or experience. This makes machine learning a powerful form of artificial intelligence, or AI. AI is the ability of a machine to think or learn like a person. AI systems power many kinds of machines—from smartphones to robots.There are a few types of machine learning. The most common is supervised(监督的) learning. In this method, a computer is fed lots of sorted training data. For example, it may look at many photos of dogs. Each photo might be sorted by the dog’s kind. By studying those photos, the computer learns what each kind of dog looks like. Then, the computer can pick out dog kinds in new, unsorted photos. The more data the computer studies, the better it gets at its task.Another important kind of machine learning is reinforcement(强化) learning. Using this type of learning is sort of like training your dog to do a trick. The computer learns to achieve some goal by interacting with its environment. When the computer makes a choice that brings it closer to its goal, it gets a virtual reward. Through trial and error, the computer learns to make better choices. This type of machine learning has helped computers master difficult games like Go and StarCraft II. It has also been used to teach self-driving cars how to get around.Machine learning has helped create technology all around us. It powers language translators and search engines. When your streaming services recommend new shows you might like, that’s machine learning at work. Machine learning systems also organize posts in social media feeds. They even help judge diseases. In many ways, the problem-solving power of machine learning is reshaping the world.28. What can we know about machine learning from the text？A. It directs computers to follow programs.   B. It makes computers run under no control.C. It is a form of artificial intelligence.       D. It is a kind of function of all computers.29. How can computers learn better in supervised learning？A. By studying as much data as possible.     B. By following step-by-step instructions.C. By telling differences between dog kinds.  D. By making as many attempts as possible.30. What do computers learn in reinforcement learning？A. Doing tricks.     B. Setting goals.    C. Making choices. D. Simplifying steps.31. What is the author’s attitude to machine learning？A. Uncaring.        B. Doubtful.       C. Unclear. D. Supportive.DIf I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then we’re both better off as a result—so goes the principle of reciprocity. As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or dealing with diplomats. But do animals also help those who help them? The answer may be yes. A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh(铁丝网).They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side. On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.In the following trials the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana. On the basis that the banana-providing rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(阶段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for banana-offering rats than for carrot-offering rats. This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewards—it seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.Dolivo and Taborsky’s experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and which rat has provided it, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those who helped them. It is apparent that we shouldn’t undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.32. What does the underlined word “reciprocity” probably refer to?A. The act of being kind to other people. B. A cooperative exchange of favors.C. A positive attitude to everything. D. The quality of being generous.33. What would happen if a rat pulled the stick?A. It would find some food in its own cage.B. Other rats would be able to enter its cage.C. Another rat in another cage would get food.D. It would be able to enter a neighboring cage.34. Which got more benefit from the focal rat?A. The rats that preferred carrot pieces. B. The rats that preferred banana pieces.C. The rats that had provided carrot pieces. D. The rats that had provided banana pieces.35. Which of the following might Dolivo and Taborsky agree with?A. Some animals may return others’ help. B. Norway rats have very poor memories.C. It is hard to explain the ability of animals.D. Rats’ behavior is very uncommon.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As new car prices continue to climb, you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale. Many are readily available online, but car lots and local auto auctions(拍卖) also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles. Here are the tips.Search online  36  . Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists. Private sellers may offer considerably low prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation. You will find dealer lists on these sites as well.Visit local auctionsThough many car auctions take place online, you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction. These auctions, available in many bigger cities, are the same one where local dealers purchase cars for sale.   37  , so check with your local auto auction center to confirm.  38  Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they remove them from active service. Car rental companies frequently sell late model, relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle. For a very cheap used car, consider buying retired police cars and government surplus vehicles.  39  .Be prepared to negotiate  40  , you likely will have the opportunity to negotiate for lower sales price. When negotiating with a dealer, according to the financial magazine Forbes, you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month, a day with poor weather, or late at night on the weekend. Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price. A. Consider retired vehiclesB. Ask advice from local dealersC. These cars will help you save a lotD. Unless you buy your used car in an auctionE. Rules can vary significantly from auction to auctionF. When you find a chance to ask about the local situationG. Many private individuals start with online classified websites第三部分 英语知识运用第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My parents managed to clear their debts before we moved to America. Neither of them spoke fluent English and neither had a professional career. Growing up, I was always aware of my family’s   41   financial situation. I also found that I was responsible for my parents’ hardships. I decided that my goal in life was to become successful, get a well-paid job and   42   them. So naturally, I took my studies seriously and worked hard to become an   43   high-achieving student, I dreamt to enroll in a top college to pursue greater knowledge. Like many students, I spent a lot of energy and time   44   my college resume(简历). Despite my   45   schedule, I managed to complete the lengthy and complex   46  . I believed it, from essays to recommendation letters, was flawless—a guaranteed acceptance into this competitive program. But I had one last   47   to overcome: to   48   mail the application. On the instruction sheet, it said in capitalized and bold letters, “WE DO NOT ACCEPT CERTIFIED MAIL(挂号邮件).” I should have posted the application myself because it had special directions, but my father kindly insisted that he   49   it. I had my   50   because my parents didn’t speak great English, but I finally   51   and wrote the instructions for him.While I was in school, my father sent me a text saying that he had finished the task   52  . He had found a worker at the post office to help him. I was   53  . Yet, later, I found out that he had done one thing very   54  : he sent the application as “certified mail”.Right then and there, my perfect application became an automatic   55  . In the moment of despair and frustration and anger, I   56   him. I locked myself in my room and sobbed until my face was covered in tears, my floor in used tissues. Then as I   57   my room, my father also came out of his. My mother, who was watching from a(n)   58   distance, joined the hug, and we three cried together. I knew my   59   need for success came from my selfless desire to make my parents happy, and my temporary hatred(仇恨) toward them was a result of my love for them. My intentions were pure, but things were   60   later. I’m just glad finally they were all straightened out.41. A. total B. difficult C. important D. complex42. A. leave B. value C. support   D. request43. A. equally        B. immediately        C. artificially            D. academically44. A. building        B. copying            C. applying             D. posting45. A. good B. tight               C. daily               D. proper46. A. record B. worksheet          C. program            D. application47. A. hope          B. obstacle             C. shortcoming         D. task48. A. freely          B. easily               C. frequently          D. personally49. A. take care of B. take notice of        C. look for            D. stand for50. A. emotion        B. sign                C. concern            D. favor51. A. refused        B. canceled           C. regretted           D. agreed52. A. perfectly       B. dramatically        C. formally           D. partly53. A. disappointed    B. delighted            C. worried           D. shocked54. A. satisfyingly B. fairly               C. wrong         D. confusingly55. A. rejection       B. fright               C. force            D. reply56. A. abandoned      B. accepted            C. protected          D. blamed57. A. cleaned B. entered C. exited            D. passed58. A. ordinary B. careful              C. individual        D. safe59. A. selfish B. correct              C. necessary         D. awful60. A. simple         B. wonderful C. twisted           D. delayed第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese food and the differences between Chinese and Western diets are both things that cause the 61           (curious) of most people who visit China. Moreover, when 62           (travel) through China, you’ll most likely pick up on a few differences in the way of eating food. For example, soup in the West 63         (enjoy) generally as an appetizer(开胃菜) at the start of a meal, while the Chinese prefer to enjoy their soup at the end of a meal. You might also notice some distinct differences in meal preparation and cooking techniques. Therefore, cooking classes are becoming an 64         (increasing) popular activity among those interested in learning more about China’s culture through its cuisine. If you’re looking to take it a step 65       (far), keep an eye out for cooking classes 66           (hold) by residents in their own homes. 67           it comes to traditional Chinese games, the Chinese have always been sociable people. Despite the country’s super technological advancement and the increasing popularity of personal electronic devices, the majority of Chinese would rather spend time socializing with others than sit alone at home. From popular board games like Go(围棋) and Chinese chess to kids’ games like Chinese jump rope, China offers 68          (vary) options to keep people busy. Most locals are more than happy to share their traditions 69             foreign visitors, so don’t be shy to ask the next time you go for 70           walk through the park!第三节 单句填空（共10题，每小题1分，共10分）71. Many a building _______________(destroy) completely by fire in the past few years.72. The hot weather is partly _______________(blame) for the water shortage.73. It’s just not worth risking his life ____________(escape) being punished.74. It’s ____________(legal) to drive a car without a driver’s license. 75. It has been pointed out that what plays a vital role in driving away one’s ____________    (anxious) is one’s sweet childhood memories.76. Rachel Carson’s popular book Silent Spring raised _______________(aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans.77. __________(stick) in the heavy snow, my father insisted that we stay where we were when he asked for help.78. You should write down all the information in ___________(relate) to the problem.79. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.80. _______________(expose) in the sunshine in summer does harm to your skin.第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分 35 分）第一节  短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。After school today, I took a walk in the park, depressing and down. I have made considerable efforts win the talent contest, but I only finished fourth. Just while I was crying, a boy in glasses walked by. He noticed me and came over. He played me a piece of Beethoven’s symphony with his mobile phone. Beside, he said Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse. Hearing his word, I was no longer in tears. I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved, we could create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us. I was true thankful for their encouragement.第二节  书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，你的新西兰好友Henry给你来信，询问你的暑假是如何度过的。请给他写封回信，分享你的暑假生活。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Henry,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,  Li Hua