历年高考英语真题专项解析 专题22.阅读理解之阅读表达类

这是一份历年高考英语真题专项解析 专题22.阅读理解之阅读表达类，共67页。
历年高考英语真题专项解析22
阅读理解·阅读表达类
1.（2020年，天津卷，第一次高考）
I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）. Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. All speakers were confident, comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
1.Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
2.What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
3.What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
4.Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
5.Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why? （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
1.Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.
2.Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
3.Accept.
Or: Welcome.
4.To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
5.I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Society，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同提高。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。作者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her voice was different from what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little voice.
2.段落大意题。根据第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
3.词义猜测题。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。embrace原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcome.
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故答案为：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
5.推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
2.（2020年，天津卷，第二次高考）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
6.How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________
7.What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________
8.According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
_________________________
9.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________
10.What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
_________________________
【答案】
6.Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
7.That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
8.Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
9.(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
10.Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他总是被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
6.词义猜测题。根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
7.细节理解题。根据第二段的but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
8.细节理解题。根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
9.主旨大意题。根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.(现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
10.开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
3.（2018年3月，天津卷）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than that.
At the age of 16, I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store. On the first day, my manager was training me how to fold and organize platform after platform of clothes. The work seemed overwhelming, and everything had to be done in an accurate way. I got so impatient because I couldn’t get it right the first couple of times. After about ten tries, I had the clothes folded perfectly. Then it took me thirty minutes to get them all looking uniform. Now, I fold and organize clothes every day, and I’m able to do them well. Through this experience, I’ve learned to be patient.
Helping customers and establishing connections with them is one of the things I love most about my job. About two months ago, I helped a woman who was looking for a dress. She told me exactly what she was picturing—a blue dress with long sleeves and a lace neck. We didn’t have any such dress, and when I explained that to her, she wasn’t very happy. Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find other items in her size that could work. We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show, and she ended up buying $200 worth of new clothes, having found other items she liked. This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.
Every job has its share of frustrations and challenges; to do well you must learn to deal with them. I’ve learned this from my own experience, and it has helped me in other aspects of my life as well.
11.What was the author’s first job? (no more than 5 words)
12.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 2? (no more than 3 words)
13.How did the author manage to meet the customer’s needs in Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)
14.How has the author’s work experience changed her in personality? (no more than 10 words)
15.What job would you like to do? How can you help people in your work? (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
11.Selling clothes.
Or: She sold clothes.
Or: She worked as a shopgirl.
Or: Working in a clothing store.
Or: Working as a shopgirl.
Or: She was a shopgirl.
12.Huge and difficult.
Or: Too much/Beyond me.
Or: Difficult/Tough/Hard/Frustrating.
Or: Challenging/Demanding.
Or: Great in amount.
13.She learned about the customer’s interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.
Or: By learning about the customer’s taste and what her dress was for.
Or: She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked.
14.It has made her patient and more open with people/ strangers.
Or: She is (more) patient and more open with people/ strangers.
Or: She has become (more) patient and more open with people/ strangers.
Or: She is more patient and open facing frustrations and challenges.
15.I’d like to be a teacher. I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up.
Or: I’d like to be a doctor so that I can improve people’s health and save their lives.
Or: I’d like to be a policeman. I can protect people from danger and create a safe living environment.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者在16岁当售货员的经历，通过此经历，作者学会了要有耐心，且对陌生人更加诚恳。告诉读者每一份工作都有它的挫折和挑战;要想做好，你必须学会去处理它们，这对我生活的其他方面也有帮助。
11.细节理解题。由第二段“At the age of 16, I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store”可知，16岁时，作者得到了第一份工作，在一家服装店当店员。所以作者的第一份工作是卖衣服。故回答为：Selling clothes. Or: She sold clothes. Or: She worked as a shopgirl. Or: Working in a clothing store. Or: Working as a shopgirl. Or: She was a shopgirl.
12.词句猜测题。由第二段划线词后的句子“everything had to be done in an accurate way. I got so impatient because I couldn’t get it right the first couple of times. After about ten tries, I had the clothes folded perfectly. Then it took me thirty minutes to get them all looking uniform.”可知，每件事都必须准确无误地完成。我很不耐烦，因为前几次我都做的不好。试了大约十次后，我才把衣服叠得整整齐齐。然后我花了30分钟让他们看起来很均匀。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，第2段划线的“overwhelming”意思是“巨大的和困难的”的意思。故回答为：Huge and difficult. Or: Too much/Beyond me. Or:Difficult/Tough/Hard/Frustrating. Or: Challenging/Demanding. Or: Great in amount.
13.细节理解题。由第三段“Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find other items in her size that could work. We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show, and she ended up buying $200 worth of new clothes, having found other items she liked.”可知，作者没有生气，而是试着更好地了解她，问她这件衣服要怎么穿，这样我就可以找到其他适合她的尺码的衣服。我们分享了我们对Netflix时装秀的热爱，结果她买了价值200美元的新衣服，找到了她喜欢的其他商品。所以作者了解到顾客的兴趣，帮她买了适合自己的衣服设法来满足客户的需求。故回答为：She learned about the customer’s interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.
Or: By learning about the customer’s taste and what her dress was for. Or: She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked.
14.细节理解题。由第二段“Through this experience, I’ve learned to be patient.”通过这次经历，我学会了有耐心。以及第三段“This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.”经历教会我要对陌生人更加诚恳。所以作者的工作经历使她更有耐心，对陌生人更加诚恳。故回答为：It has made her patient and more open with people/ strangers. Or: She is (more) patient and more open with people/ strangers. Or: She has become (more) patient and more open with people/ strangers. Or: She is more patient and open facing frustrations and challenges.
15.推理判断题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了作者在16岁当售货员的经历，作者学会了要有耐心，且对陌生人更加诚恳。作者学会了告诉读者每一份工作都有它的挫折和挑战;要想做好，你必须学会处理它们，这对我生活的其他方面也有帮助。所以判断出你想做什么工作? 你怎么帮助别人？故回答为：I’d like to be a teacher. I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up. Or: I’d like to be a doctor so that I can improve people’s health and save their lives. Or: I’d like to be a policeman. I can protect people from danger and create a safe living environment.
4.（2019年6月，天津卷）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of line to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all. “They’re like my children,” Mabry said.
On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they’re not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can’t name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.
“He won’t brag(夸耀) on himself, but it doesn’t matter what he’s doing or where he is, he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building,” said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn’t planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”
16.What is Mabry’s daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
17.How did the students celebrate Mabry’s birthday？（no more than 15 words）
18.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
19.Why is Mabry’s presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
20.Who is the “sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
16.Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
17.By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
18.Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
19.（Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
20.My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式帮他庆祝生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。
16.细节理解题。根据第一段Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.可知，Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building；Or：doing (the) cleaning；Or: He cleans the (school) building；Or: He does (the) cleaning.
17.细节理解题。根据第二段Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of line to hug him.可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
18.猜测词义题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all. “They’re like my children,” Mabry said.可知，Mabry爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love，Or: liking. Or: Fondness.
19.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building,”以及最后一段Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.可知，Mabry关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
20.考查综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the “sunshine” in your life?（谁是你生活中的阳光？）只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
5.（2019年3月，天津卷）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
My teacher Peter Bullock proved that science wasn’t boring and made physics great fun. In every lesson he would produce one of those worksheets in purple ink that smelled fresh from the machine. Every sheet contained a poem or a joke and we looked forward to them being handed out. I’ve kept them all to show to my own children. There was one poem in particular that’s stayed in my memory, which went:
In early days Man measured Time
By sunrise and sunset sublime;
As well as being able to turn physics into poetry, Peter had energy and passion and conveyed the sense that science was part of the world around you and not a dull boring academic discipline. I’m sure he was sticking pretty much to the standard topics—waves and electricity and so on—but he managed to convert everything into a joke or a story and did so in a clever and imaginative way.
Peter Bullock was not only an exciting teacher, but also the man who founded the debate club in my school. He encouraged me to take part and express myself in a forceful way that I’ve been doing ever since—and getting paid for it. That made me what I am today—a commercial lawyer.
Peter Bullock taught me throughout my secondary schooling and I took physics, chemistry and maths at A-level. Everyone in his class enjoyed learning. He was inspiring. He turned me on to the idea that the things you are interested in might seem dull on the surface, but you can still excite others. For example, when I tell people I’m interested in law, they may think: “How boring.” I guess being a physics teacher is much the same. Peter showed me that what matters is how you convey your own passion so that you excite other people.
21.Why did the students expect to get the worksheets in Peter’s class? (no more than 10 words)
22.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 2? (1 word)
23.What does Para. 3 mainly tell us? (no more than 15 words)
24.How did Peter make his students interested in the things that seem dull? (no more than 10 words)
25.What do you think is the most important quality of a good teacher? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
21.(Because) every sheet contained/had a poem or a joke.
Or: (Because) there was a poem/a joke on every sheet.
Or: (Because) the worksheets were interesting/amusing.
22.Subject.
Or: Field.
Or: Area.
23.The author’s experience in the debate club contributed to his career.
Or: The author benefited from his experience in the debate club.
Or: Peter influenced the author’s career.
Or: Peter played a very important role in the author’s life.
Or: Peter founded the debate club, which helped the author to become a lawyer.
24.By conveying his own passion to the students.
Or: He used poems, jokes and stories in his teaching.
Or: By using creative teaching methods.
25.A good teacher should be passionate. This is important because a passionate teacher could excite the students.
Or: A good teacher should be humorous. This is important because a humorous teacher makes learning easy and fun.
Or: A good teacher should be knowledgeable. This is important because students could learn a lot from him/her.
Or: Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and motivated.
Or: A good teacher is supposed to love his/her students. Only those who are loved can learn how to love others.
【解析】本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己的物理老师彼得·布洛克。彼得不仅能把物理学变成诗歌，他还充满活力和激情，传达出科学是你周围世界的一部分，而不是枯燥乏味的学术学科的感觉。彼得·布洛克深深激励和影响了作者。
21.原文出处在第一自然段：Every sheet contained a poem or a joke and we looked forward to them being handed out.其中，looked forward to语义是题干expect to的同义表达替换，结合连词 and 语义中所具有的因果先后逻辑可知，此题的答案应该是and 前文：Every sheet contained a poem or a joke。此题难度不大，结合原文，直接抄写原句即可为正确答案。另请注意，根据 对参考答案的分析可知，回答Why的问题时，because这个词不一定必须写出， 因此也请考生注意字数要求。答案：(Because) every sheet contained/had a poem or a joke.
Or: (Because) there was a poem/a joke on every sheet.
Or: (Because) the worksheets were interesting/amusing.
22.原文下划线单词为第二自然段此处：not a dull boring academic discipline。原文第一自然段中的背景为Peter老师是一个物理老师，他的课堂从不沉闷无聊，是因为他善于用诗歌或笑话来调动学生们的学习兴趣。此处设空处的描述：Peter老师向学生们传达的就是科学是一你所处的这个世界的一部分，并不是一种 沉闷的学术 discipline. 结合“学术的”的搭配以及物理学科的前文背景，此处的 discipline 一词指的应该是学科的“科”字，也可是领域，区域，学科-- field/area/subject答案：Subject.
Or: Field.
Or: Area.
23.归纳段意题目。倒数第二段介绍了这样的关键词: the debate club/take part/getting paid for it / I am today- a commercial lawyer，需要学生在快速阅读的过程中快速搞清故事的发展。Peter老师所创办的校内辩论俱乐部并在他的要求我也加入了进去，未来收到了回报，作者成为了律师。故段意归纳含有以下意向即可算是正确的：影响/收 获/有助于/职业/未来工作/人生。答案：The author’s experience in the debate club contributed to his career.
Or: The author benefited from his experience in the debate club.
Or: Peter influenced the author’s career.
Or: Peter played a very important role in the author’s life.
Or: Peter founded the debate club, which helped the author to become a lawyer.
24.答案在最后一段。此题难度在于无法在原文中的一句话中攫取中能够作为答案的原句。题干中的interested（感兴趣的）与seem dull（似乎无聊的）反复地、以不同表达出现在最后一段中，这就需要学生们在不超过字数的前提下，能够高度概括。注意原文这两处表达He turned me on to the idea (turn sb. on意为inspire)以及后文最后一句you convey your own passion so that you excite other people，可知，想表达的意思为“传递激情影响学生”。答案：By conveying his own passion to the students.
Or: He used poems, jokes and stories in his teaching.
Or: By using creative teaching methods.
25.半开放式题。此题问的是你认为好老师的最重要的品质是什么。考生需要在字数要求下，写出自认为教师应该具有的品质是什么，再由because引导一个从句加以解释即可。可以根据本篇文章作者讲述自己的物理老师的优点，概括出教师应该具有的品质。根据第一段内容，作者的物理老师用紫色墨水在每一张纸上写上一首诗或一个笑话发给学生，可知老师是热情的，有爱心的；物理老师在讲述枯燥的科学原理的时候，尽可能用笑话或故事的形式来讲，这说明老师是幽默的，知识渊博的；根据老师创办了辩论俱乐部，可知老师是热情的，有创造力的。答案可以是热情的，幽默的，有创造力的等，所以答案为：A good teacher should be passionate. This is important because a passionate teacher could excite the students.
Or: A good teacher should be humorous. This is important because a humorous teacher makes learning easy and fun.
Or: A good teacher should be knowledgeable. This is important because students could learn a lot from him/her.
Or: Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and motivated.
Or: A good teacher is supposed to love his/her students. Only those who are loved can learn how to love others.
6.（2016年，天津卷）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.
Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
26.What made the author’s school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)
27.Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)
28.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)
29.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)
30.How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
26.（His）learning disability. Or:Having a learning disability.
Or:That he was learning disabled. Or:He had a learning disability.
27.He could be smart and express himself with clay.
Or:Art could help him express himself without words.
Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.
28.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.
Or:The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.
Or:Practice makes perfect. Or:Pracitce leads to success.
29.I could read and write.
30.We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.
Or:The author’s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard overcome difficulties in my life.
Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and dertermination.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者小的时候有学习障碍，但是他不放弃，通过做黏土来表达自己，通过不断练习，使自己学会读书写字。
26.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子I had a learning disability from an early age,可知作者学校的日子很难，因为他有学习障碍。故填（His）learning disability. Or: Having a learning disability.Or: That he was learning disabled. Or: He had a learning disability.
27.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay可知艺术给了作者自信因为艺术可以帮助他不用语言表达自己。故填He could be smart and express himself with clay. Or: Art could help him express himself without words. Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.
28.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice.可知作者从爬山学到如果你喜欢做一件事，就一直做，你会更好的。故填If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it. Or: The more you practice something, the better at it you will become. Or: Practice makes perfect. Or: Pracitce leads to success.
29.句意猜测题。根据文章第四段的句子Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.可知,这句话的意思是：我会读书写字。故填I could read and write.
30.推理判断题。根据文章的内容和最后一段的句子Having gone through the long process with…，I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard but interesting.可知，从作者的故事中我们学会，面对失败我们不应该灰心。故填We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out. Or: The author’s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard overcome difficulties in my life. Or: We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.
7.（2018年6月，天津卷）
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb high!
31.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
32.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15 words)
33.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
34.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
35.What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
31.Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
32.Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
33.She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
34.We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
35.I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们：我们每个人在人生中都会遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀登高峰。
31.细节归纳题。根据文章第二段What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.可知，好奇心驱使作者探索这些台阶通往什么，从而可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
32.细节归纳题。根据文章第三段But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.可知，作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4个，考生只需要归纳2个原因，注意字数的限制。
33.细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根据But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.可知，作者内心的某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。根据这些归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
34.句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall down.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑战等”。由此可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
35.开放题。首先要理解题干中的mountain指的是“障碍或失败”，并且要陈述自己的理由，注意字数的限制。
点睛：本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。整体文章易懂，但题目设置灵活，总体难度中等。考生不但要从文章中找出答案，还要根据问题的设置归纳出相应的答案。书写答案的时候，考生要注意语法结构的正确以及字数的限制。
8.（2017年6月，天津卷）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I need discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve sometimes thought, “ I can’t do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
36.What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
37.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?(no more than 5 words)
38.What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed?(no more than 5 words)
39.According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common?(no more than 10 words)
40.What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain.(no more than 20 words)
【答案】
36.She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or: Making her bed, doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
37.I got/was criticised/scolded.
38.He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.
39.They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
40.He is a good/devoted/caring/lovingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewasintrouble.Or:He is always supportive /a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个严父、慈父对女儿的教育培养以及对女儿的影响。
36.试题分析：根据文章第一段的句子He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I,可知作者爱丽斯的父亲给他制定了铺床，做作业和不许喝酒的规章制度。
37.试题分析：根据文章第二段划线句子前面的内容：Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad,可以判断出我和父亲早年的时候一样，面对了许多次的拒绝，即受到了批评。
38.试题分析：根据文章第一段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出在爱丽斯感到精神不振的 时候，父亲鼓励或者安慰或者激励了她。
39.试题分析：根据文章最后一段中We both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people.可以判断出爱丽斯和她的父亲的共同点就是对演艺事业充满了激情，对人们感兴趣。
40.试题分析：根据文章的内容和最后一段的句子 Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.和As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I need discipline.可知，爱丽斯的父亲对女儿严格要求是一个严父。和第四段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出爱丽斯的父亲对女儿的关爱和鼓励，所以判断出爱丽斯的父亲是一个好父亲，是女儿力量的源泉。
9.（2016年6，上海卷）
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.
In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.
A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.
According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the ＂standing ＂side.
A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: ＂It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.＂
Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.
The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.
In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three ＂up＂ escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.
(Note: Answering the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
41.What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?
42.What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?
43.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.
44.In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other ＂up＂ escalators will be used for_________________.
【答案】
41.The capacity of escalators hasn’t been made full use of.
42.Passengers can go quicker by standing still.
43.18.5m
44.standing only and a mix of walking and standing
【解析】本文属于议论文，禁止人们在电子扶梯上走动，并让所有的乘客站在扶梯的两边，这种做法增加了电子扶梯的容量，文章就此内容展开讨论。
41.推理判断题。根据第二段In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.所有的游客将被迫站在电子扶梯的两边，以增加电子扶梯的载客量，减轻高峰期的交通压力。也就是说原来的方法并没有充分利用好电子扶梯的容量。
42.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third.可知在Holborn进行的为期的三周的测试发现乘客们不在电子扶梯上走来走去，实际上让使用电子扶梯的乘客的人数多了三分之一。
43.细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.可知静止乘客步行的电子扶梯最好的长度是超过18.5米。
44.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three ＂up＂ escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.可知三个向上的电子扶梯中有一个在高峰期禁止行走，一个只能站立，第三个既可以站在上面也可以在上面步行。
10.（2015年，天津卷）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.
45.What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)
46.What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)
47.What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)
48.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
49.Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
45.He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.
46.He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.
47.The process is more important than the result.
Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.
Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.
48.My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.
Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
49.Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.
Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful
No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.
Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者的爷爷曾经是名邮寄员，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意义的事情。作者写信给爷爷让他多休息休息，但爷爷回信说他任然坚持他的忙碌的生活。
45.细节理解题。根据文章第一段At age 68, he retired from the post office可知，68岁时，他从邮局退休。故回答为：He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.
46.细节理解题。根据文章第二段Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.可知作者在信中建议他爷爷放慢速度。故回答为：He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.
47.细节理解题。根据文章第四段It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts可知，重要的是旅程，而不是到达。故回答为：The process is more important than the result.Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.
48.词句猜测题。根据第一段“At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.”68岁时，他从邮局退休，但他从未停止过为社区服务。根据第三段“Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.” 生活不只是拥有,而是去创造。根据上下文的语境可以判断出，划线词的意思“他爷爷仍然在忙于做有意义的事情”的事。故回答为：My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
49.开放题。作者的爷爷曾经是名邮寄员，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意义的事情。作者写信给爷爷让他多休息休息，但爷爷回信说他任然坚持他的忙碌的生活。首先要回答同意不同意他爷爷的生活观，并且陈述自己的理由。故回答为：Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningfulNo. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.
11.（2015年，四川卷）
阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。
It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. The closer I got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old boy in 1961.
Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of pure happiness. Sam & Joe's had it all—books, candy, toys, baseball cards，puzzles and games. I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda. There I sat, considering my next move.
Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy, rows and rows of it. I chose five candy bars, which brought my total to 75 cents. Then a bottle of cold orange juice, a bag of chips and a pack of Ted Williams baseball cards. After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.
I hurried directly to my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk, I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.
As I sat in my own personal heaven, I started thinking about having more. That's when a fantastic life—changing idea popped into head: If I could get more money, I could buy more books I liked, buy anything I wanted. That's how it all started.
50.How did the boy feel on his way to Sam & Joe’s(no more than 5 words)
51.What does “a tidy sum” mean in Paragraph 1?(no more than 5 words)
52.What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?(no more than 5 words)
53.What did the boy do while reading?(no more than 5 words)
54.Where was the boy’s “personal heaven”?(no more than 9 words)
【答案】
50.He felt excited.
51.Much/A lot of /A great amount of money.
52.He considered buying books.
53.He ate and drank.
54.It was under the apple tree in the backyard.
【解析】
50.He felt excited.根据第一段的The closer I got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was可知，回答He felt excited.
51.Much/A lot of /A great amount of money 根据下文内容可知，作者买了很多东西，以及上文的excited可知，作者很激动，故推断指的是一大笔钱，故回答much money或者a lot of money或者a great amount of money.
52.He considered buying books. 根据第三代的Books always came first.可知，作者考虑买书，故回答he considered buying books.
53.He ate and drank. 根据倒数第二段的I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.可知，回答He ate and drank.
54.It was under the apple tree in the backyard. 根据上文的I hurried directly to my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk,可知，作者的天堂就是后院的苹果树下。
12.（2015年，上海卷）
Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.
Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen） increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté （2002） defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment （e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard）. When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. （whether they win or lose） than with the behavior. （having fun）.
On the other hand, Ericsson （1993） suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.
（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）
55.Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?
56.If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.
57.In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?
58.In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.
【答案】
55.Improved physical health and psychosocial development
56.participate in sports during adulthood
57.They change rules to suit their needs and their environment
58.improving performance
【解析】这是一篇说明文，讲述青年运动有可能在孩子的发展中完成三个重要目标。强身健体、心理发展和运动技能。
55.Improved physical health and psychosocial development 细节题，根据文章第一段“First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control.首先,运动项目可以为年轻人提供机会锻炼,从而导致改善身体健康。第二,青年运动项目一直被认为是重要的青少年的心理发展,提供机会学习重要的生活技能,如合作、纪律,领导,和自我控制。”对这个的内容进行高度概括，所以可以知道答案是Improved physical health and psychosocial development改善身体健康和心理发展。
56.participate in sports during adulthood 细节题，根据“Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen）increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females.Telama(2006) 的研究指出，在儿童和青少年(年龄在9到18)时，定期参与故意玩或刻意练习活动，不管是男性还是女性，在成年时增加参与运动的可能性六达倍多。”缩短答案字数为participate in sports during adulthood在成年参加体育运动。
57.They change rules to suit their needs and their environment 根据“For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment例如,孩子可能会改变足球和篮球规则以适应他们的需求和环境”，可以知道答案是They change rules to suit their needs and their environment他们改变规则以适应他们的需求和他们的环境。
58.improving performance 根据文章最后一句话“Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.虽然演习中使用可用的最有效的手段也许不是最有趣的练习，它们可能是最相关的改善表现。”可以知道答案是improving performance改善表现。
13.（2015年，湖南卷）
Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things
For most high school students, free periods are useless. From what I have seen, few do homework, instead many are on their phones and talking, making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.
Our school offers many classes. Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don't try it.
In my 8th grade, I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement; so in the 9th grade I took Studio and Art. One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke in the kiln (窑). I found out that I have no artistic ability at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist. However, the class was one of my favorites that year. I was able to try new activities and test my ability.
Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to figure it out.
Half of all college students change their major at some point. By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take. So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do in college. The classes we choose can impact us in future. Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are diverse students.
59.How should we use our extra periods in the author's opinion?
(No more than 9 words) (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
60.Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?
(No more than 17 words) (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
61.Why did the clay pot show the author's lack of artistic ability?
(No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
62.According to the author, how will taking optional subjects impact up in the future?
(No more than 13 words) (3 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
59.We should use them to take optional subjects.
60.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it.
61.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.
62.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.
【解析】本文讲述了作为一个学生我们应该不断地区尝试新的内容来丰富我们的大脑，增长经验
59.We should use them to take optional subjects.根据第一段最后一句话：As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.可知作者认为应该用课外时间去学一些课外的科目。故填We should use them to take optional subjects.
60.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don’t try it.根据第二段倒数第一句话和倒数第二句话：Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it.可知道答案，又因为字数有限，所以将we don’t try it 改成without trying it.故填We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don’t try it.
61.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.根据第三段第二句话：One of the projects were to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly so it broke in the kiln.可知作者因为做错了陶罐导致它摔碎，从而得知自己没有艺术家的天分。故填It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.
62.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.根据最后一段的倒数两句话：The class we choose can impact us in the future. Taking optional subjects t will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are diverse students.可知去学选修课可以丰富我们的大脑，让我们成为一个多才多艺的大学生。故填It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.
14.（2014年，天津卷）
阅读短文， 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into Braille() to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises foe more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
Low’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, low read to her. Then “ hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn Braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was_____---she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.
In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. “ I can’t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from
Doris’s contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years--- and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB official.
“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three thins matter most in my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I’ve found them all here.”
63.64.What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
65.66.Why did Low learn Braille? ( no more than 15 words)
67.68.what does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)
69.70.What are Low’s contributions to the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
71.72.What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. ( no more than 20 words)
【答案】
63.64.She helps transform literature into Braille (for blind readers/ the blind).
65.66.(Because) her mother’s eyes began to fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
67.68.Difficult/Hard/tiring/tough.
69.70.She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books into onto tape.
71.72.Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer.
Or: Low is kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.
【解析】Doris Low 到去年12月份就90岁了。但是她从事志愿者活动已经有40年了。她的工作是把故事和知识传播给盲人读者通过吧文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文。有时还要读录成磁带。三年前她又从事校对工作。这个工作很辛苦，但是她喜欢。
63.64.根据文章第一段第二句话可知，Low现在90岁仍然在CNIB从事帮助把文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文的工作。所以回答 She helps transform literature into Braille (for blind readers/ the blind).
65.66.根据文章第三段可知，因为她的妈妈喜欢阅读，但是她的视力变差了，而她也听到了一则鼓励人们学习布莱叶盲文的广告。所以回答(Because) her mother’s eyes began to fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
67.68.第四段开头，破折号是对画线的词strenuous 的解释，都做到最后了，因为一个错误就必须从新做。所以strenuous的同义词是Difficult/Hard/tiring/tough.（很累、很难。）
69.70.第五段介绍了 Low 对CNIB的贡献：把很多书翻译成了布莱叶盲文、校对了数百本书籍还读书录成磁带。所以回答She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books into onto tape.
71.72.Low是一个善良的人，她帮助盲人读书。所以回答Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer.
Or: Low is kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.
15.（2014年，四川卷）
When my father was celebrating a milestone (里程碑) birthday, I pulled together a surprise gift that he would never forget.
As he was approaching 60,1 had a firm idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him, put each one into an envelope - 60 in total - and have him open them, one by one, on his birthday? So I wrote an e-mail to family and friends, explaining my idea.
I sent the e-mail and waited. And then the replies started coming in and I was very, very surprised. There were so many memories, and they were all so lovely. They came from the '50s, '60s, '70s, from every decade（十年） between now and the day my dad was born. They came from my mother, my siblings, my grandma, my dad's friends from high school, his sister, my dad's first boss, a colleague at his first job, from people who hadn't seen my dad in 40 years, from people I myself hadn't even informed. They typed them and handwrote them. They mailed them and e-mailed them.
The night before Dad's birthday, my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything together with some
The next morning, after breakfast and presents and cake, we gave the pile of envelopes to him. "Just one more thing for you," we said.
It took him a long time to open them and read. Each one was a brief ticket to another time, a leap (跳跃) backward over years and decades. There was a lot of laughter and a few tears, too.
I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories. It gave me a different picture of my dad.
73.When did the author give her father a surprise gift? (no more than 4 words)

74.Who sent the mails? (no more than 6 words)

75.Why did the author and her sister stay up late the night before their father's birthday? (no more than 9 words)

76.How did the author's father most probably feel when he read (he mails? (no more than 3 words)

77.What was the surprise gift? (no more than 6 words)

【答案】
73.On his 60thbirthday.
74.The people who know/knew her father.
75.Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes.
76.He felt/was moved/excited/happy.
77.The memories about/of the author’s father.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了她在父亲60岁生日时是如何给父亲送上一份特别的生日礼物的故事。在父亲生日前她突然有了一个主意，就是给父亲收集60个熟悉他的人对过去事情的美好回忆，然后放到信封里，去给父亲一个惊喜。然后她真地实践了自己的想法，成功地收集到了那些美好的回忆，给父亲了一个难忘的生日礼物。
73.On his 60thbirthday. 考查细节理解。根据文章首段和第二段内容可知作者送给父亲特别的礼物是在他60岁生日那天，答案填 On his 60thbirthday
74.The people who know/knew her father. 考查细节理解。从文章第三段内容They came from my mother, …… a colleague at his first job, from people who hadn't seen my dad in 40 years, from people I myself hadn't even informed.可知父亲的亲戚，朋友，家人和一切认识他的人寄来了信或者发来email，故答案为The people who know /knew her father。
75.Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes. 考查细节理解。由文章第四段my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything together with some可知他们晚上熬夜要把信装进信封，答案为Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes。
76.He felt/was moved/excited/happy. 考查推理判断。从文章倒数第二段there was a lot of laughter and a few tears ,too判断父亲非常激动。答案填He felt / was moved / excited /happy。
77.The memories about/of the author’s father. 考查细节理解。从文章内容可知作者给父亲的礼物是别人有关父亲的回忆，答案为The memories about / of the author’s father 。
16.（2014年，上海卷）
More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.
Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.
So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.
All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.
Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?
Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
78.Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.
79.Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.
80.With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.
81.According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.
【答案】
78.Shareholders and employees
79.Companies talk to non-government organizations(NGOs) and to governments./Companies create codes of conduct. /Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.
80.Create value
81.take social responsibilities
【解析】文章介绍现在很多公司管理的CSR的三层管理，旨在创办一个既能盈利又有社会责任的公司。
78.细节题：根据文章第一段的最后的句子：But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.可知股份持有者和职员发现只是简单的将钱捐给慈善机关是不够的，所以填Shareholders and employees。
79.细节题：根据第三段的内容：可知公司会采取下列防御措施应对危机：和非政府组织和政府谈话：Companies talk to non-government organizations(NGOs) and to governments./公司创造行为准则：Companies create codes of conduct. /公司在经营的时候更加透明：Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./公司和竞争者一起设置共同的规定。Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.
80.细节题：根据第四段的句子，The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value.可知第三层的管理CSR是强调机遇，旨在创造价值，所以填Create value。
81.推理题：根据第六段的前面两句话，Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities.可知好的公司既要能盈利也要有社会责任。填 take social responsibilities
17.（2014年，山东卷）
阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.
[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.
[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ____________. Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.
[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
82.What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 12 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
83.What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
84.Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
85.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( no more than 8 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
86.Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
82.The reduced/lowered cost of a new car and better road conditions
83.They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre.
84.Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past.
85.encouraging people to use public transport more
encouraging people to use their cars less
relieving the problem( of overcrowding)
86.Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory.
【解析】随着汽车价格的逐渐下降，公路状况越来越好，路上的汽车也就越来越多了。结果就使得公路严重拥挤。本文就解决道路拥挤问题提出建议，如何才能让司机放弃开车选择公交。
82.根据第一段句子“…the cost of a new car had fallen…”和“…better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.”可以写出答案为：The reduced/lowered cost of a new car and better road conditions
83.根据第二段句子“… the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town…take them to the center…”可以写出答案They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre.
84.根据第三段最后一句“As the number of people …so did their incomes.”可知，开车经过商场的人少了，商店的收入也就会随着减少。所以答案为Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past.
85.根据第四段空格所在的句子“使开车费用增加也是一种方法”说明上文已经提到了解决什么问题的方法。根据第二段开头句子“When people ...the problem might be relieved of getting them to park outside the town.”可知，使开车的费用增加也是一种减轻交通拥挤问题的方法。因此可以写出答案relieving the problem( of overcrowding)。根据下文提到“road taxes”和“finding drivers”等两项费用问题可以促使更多的司机不开车，所以这也是一种鼓励司机不开车乘公交车的一种方法。因此可以写出答案encouraging people to use public transport more或 encouraging people to use their cars less
86.根据最后一段句子“If we expect...rely on”说明，我们想让人们放弃开车的想法必须给他们值得信赖的选择。接着后面列举了一些公交车的弊端，比如耽搁时间，随意更换时间，突然取消等等问题都不能让人们真正信赖公交。所以可以总结出答案Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory.
18.（2014年，江西卷）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写在试卷相应的位置(请注意每题的词数要求)。
（1）A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept. They are mainly located in east or central Africa. They often occupy a very wild area, with mountains and rivers. To visit the park and look at the animals, people have to drive around in a car for a few of hours because the park is huge.
（2）In south Africa there is a safari park, which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions, elephants, rhinoceroses(犀牛), zebras, wild pigs, deer and giraffes.
（3）There is a wild road leading through the park, but nobody is permitted to walk on the road. Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people. From the car he may see almost every types of African wildlife. Some of these are getting scarce (稀有的) because people kill them for various reasons. For example, rhinoceroses are killed for their horns (角), which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches. Perhaps they will be seen only in museums and books one day.
（4）Travels may buy food for the animals. They can feed them when they tour the park. Of course, they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people. In addition, they should only give proper food to the animals.
（5）A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey. The gun is given to him by the government. However, it is not used for hunting. In fact, a seal(封条) is fixed to it. The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked. However, he has to prove to the government that he has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.
87.List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.（no more than 6 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
88.Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce?（no more than 7 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
89.What warning are given to travelers when they feed the animals?（no more than 15 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
90.How does the government know the gun is fired?（no more than 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
91.What is the passage mainly about?（no more than 6 words）_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
87.The park is huge. 或Animals may attack people.
88.People killed them for their horns.
89.Staying away from the animals and giving them proper food.
90.By checking their seal
91.A safari park in South Africa
【解析】本文属于广告类阅读，主要讲述的是在南非的a safari park游览的注意事项。
87.The park is huge或Animals may attack people
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句To visit the park and look at the animals, people have to drive around-in a car for a few of hours because the park is huge和第三段第2句Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people. 可知，公园很大，以及动物可能会攻击人类这两个原因导致人们不得不坐在车里游览这个公园。
88.People kill them for their horns
细节理解题。根据文章第三段3,4行For example, rhinoceroses are killed for their horns (角), which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches可知，犀牛被猎杀是因为人们需要它的角。
89.Staying away from the animals and giving them proper food.
细节理解题。根据第四段2,3句Of course, they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people. In addition, they should only give proper food to the animals.可知，要在一个安全的距离喂食，另外要喂适当的食物。
90.By checking the seal
细节理解题。根据第五段2,3句However, it is not used for hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed to it.可知，政府会通过seal来看你是否开枪射击。
91.A safari park in South Africa
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是在南非的a safari park游览的注意事项。
19.（2012年，上海卷）
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.
This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.
Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)
92."This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from
93.Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.
94.When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?
95.How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?
【答案】
92.younger children and adults
93.school reform efforts and the changes in population
94.In early adolescence
95.They have less close supervision of parents. /They manage to escape adult supervision./They are increasingly autonomous
【解析】
92.根据Changes in the workplace separated children from adults 和which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children 可推断应填younger children and adults。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
93.根据School reform efforts during the nineteenth century 和the changes in population are considered a factor可推断应填 school reform efforts and the changes in population。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
94.根据This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence 可推断应填In early adolescence。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
95.根据adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision 可推断应填They have less close supervision of parents. /They manage to escape adult supervision./They are increasingly autonomous。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
20.（2012年，山东卷）
[1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when _______, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”
96.For what purpose did Ashley create Goosehead?(no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
97.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
98.According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after Gooshead closed down?(no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
99.How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
100.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
96.To create a place for teenagers to meet and talk.
97.Power’s website became a success.
98.He wrote a book.
99.Happy, crazy and stressed.
100.others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you
【解析】文章讲述了Ashley Power的故事，她从16岁就创办了网站，并且非常成功，从中得到启示，我们要持续坚持做自己想做的事。
96.细节题;从“If第一段的句子： I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”可知答案是She wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers.
97.段落大意题;从第二段的句子;but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA可知答案是：Power’s website became a success.
98.细节题;从第三段的句子：was asked to write a book calledThe Goosehead Guide to Life.说明是She wrote a book.
99.细节题：第三段中出现的I was so happy.和I got very stressed.可知答案是She felt happy but stressed.
100.推理题：从句子：I heard ‘no’可知人们经常会说你不能做：people tell you that you can not do it
21.（2012年，湖南卷）
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first shift (.轮班)， I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear: "Mike, there's a problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this one." I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations. I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.
101.Why did the author apply everywhere that summer?
(No more than 12 words) (2 marks)
102.What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do?
(No more than 14 words) (3 marks)
103.Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations?
(No more than 13 words) (2 marks)
104.What did the author learn from his first job?
(No more than 11 words) (3 marks)
【答案】
101.Why did the author apply everywhere that summer? (No more than 12 words) (2 marks)
102.What did the manager particularly expect the worker to do? (No more than 14 words) (3 marks)
103.Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations? (No more than 13 words) (2 marks)
104.What did the author learn from his first job? (No more than 11 words) (3 marks)
【解析】文章是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在餐厅打工的经历，选材贴近学生日常生活，难度适中。
101.首先根据apply everywhere定位到文章第二段第二行so I applied everywhere I could that summer，这一题的考点是why，即问apply everywhere的原因，根据句中的so得出答案在本句的前半部分I wanted to save up money and buy my own car. 答题时注意人称的变化改成He wanted to save up money and buy his own car.
102.本题定位词particularly expect，位置在第二段最后一句The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.答案要写完整的句子The manger particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile.注意：这一题问manager 期待worker 做什么，而文中出现的是名词短语fast service，所以要根据常识补充餐厅服务员是给客人提供服务(offer service).
103.本题利用定位词still work 定位到第四段第一句话Over three years later I still work at the restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.后面一句即是解释原因I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.答案也参照第82题把人称修改He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
104.本体是综合理解问作者从他的第一份工作中学到什么，根据记叙文意义升华在尾段，定位到最后一段，From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.答案受字数限制需要合并句子，修改为He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situations.
22.（2012年，江西卷）
阅读下面短文并回答问题
[1]Stamp collectors usually collect stamps only from certain countries or regions. The traditional method of stamp collecting is to organize stamp collection according to the issue dates.
[2]Of course, there are many ____________. You can collect stamps relating to a particular theme. For example, sport lovers may choose the Olympic theme. They try their best to find Olympic stamps issued by various parts of the world every four years. Some of them may want to concentrate on even more specific sport activities like ball games, gymnasium, swimming, etc.
[3]If you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc. once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected. Then, you can put all your effort to collect the stamps around it.
[4]China issues zodiac animal stamps (十二生肖邮票) every year to celebrate the Lunar New Year. They are extremely popular and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect a full set of them. Hong Kong’s Lunar New Year special stamp series began in 2000 with the Year of Dragon and the twelfth and final set was issued in 2011, the Year of Rabbit. Recently some Western countries have issued zodiac animal stamps, which attract a lot of attention as well.
[5]You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point. The topic you choose should not be too narrow. Otherwise, it is very difficult to accumulate stamps around the topic. You will be depressed and even lose your interest in collecting stamps.
[6]Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them. The main challenge is how you organize and expand your collection around your theme.
105.What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 5 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
106.Fill in the blanks in Paragraph 2 with proper words. （no more than 5 words）
Of course, there are many ____________________________________________.
107.What should you do if you want to collect a full set of zodiac animal stamps? （no more than 7 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
108.List the three general themes in collecting stamps mentioned in the passage. （3 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
109.What does the word "them" （Line2, Paragraph6） probably refer to? （1 word）
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
105.Collecting stamps with themes
106.other methods of collecting stamps
107.We should wait for 12 years.
108.sport(s)； astronomy；animal(s)
109.Teenages
【解析】集邮主题各不相同。除了地点，时间以外，还有运动，天文和十二生肖等。主题集邮尤受青少年喜爱。
105.文章前4段介绍集邮的不同主题；第5段讲主题集邮注意事项；最后一段交代主题集邮的最大困难。因此，根据结构可以得知整篇文章大意是和主题集邮（Collecting stamps with themes）相关。
考点定位：考查整篇文章理解能力和把握全文结构的能力。
106.文章第一段介绍有按地点，时间为主题的集邮。第二段第二句以后是讲按运动为主题的集邮。第3,4段讲按天文和十二生肖为主题的集邮。因此该句可以看成第一段与2,3,4,段的段间过渡，也可以看成2.3.4段的中心句。因此，相对于第一段，这里当然是介绍other methods of collecting stamps。
考点定位：考查识别文章结构和段间逻辑关系的能力。
107.该题是问为了收集全十二生肖的邮票我们该怎么办。首先可以把信息定位在第5段; 然后找到该段的第二句（…and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect a full set of them.）; 最后以答者的身份改变人称（they变为we ）.即We should wait for 12 years.
考点定位：考查文章细节理解和原文转述能力。
108.该题要考生列出文章提到的三个一般性集邮主题。全文讲到集邮主题有地点，时间，运动，天文和十二生肖等。但在2,3,4段中浓彩笔墨介绍了人们喜爱的运动，天文和十二生肖三个主题。所以答案为sport(s)； astronomy；animal(s)。
考点定位：考查文章结构把握和信息取舍的能力。
109.根据文章最后一段第一句“主题集邮尤其受青少年的欢迎。因为对于他们来说，有着广泛的可选择范围。”所以them是指人（Teenages）。
考查指代词在文章中的理解能力。
23.（2011年，湖南卷）
My First Long Kun
Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband. After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
Our driveway has a slope(斜坡) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided t see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.
After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense. To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of air.
I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didn’t stop. I wanted to keep going harder, better, stronger. To my great surprise, I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did something I thought I could never do.
It was the first long run of my life. Since I have improved my stride (步幅) and time, after every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runner’s high, I normally jog because I want look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.
116. Why did the author feet guilty? (No more than 9 words ) (2 marks)

117. What did. The author fait to do miserably few months ago? ( no more than 11 words) (2 marks)

118.What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop? (no more than 9 words ) (3 marks)

119. How is running different from jogging t the author? (no more than 14 words) (3 marks)

【答案】
116.She had a quarrel with her husband.
117.She failed to jog to the end of the street.
118.No one would be disappointed or even know.
119.Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.
【解析】
116. feel guilty定位到首段第二行，回前文找到原因：I had a quarrel with my husband. 答案：She had a quarrel with her husband.
117. miserably, months ago定位到第二段第三行，题目问的是作者fail to do 的事情，前一句话提到我想试试自己是否能够jog to the end of the street. 然后说failed miserably. 答案：She failed to jog to the end of the street.
118. keep giving herself to stop定位到第四段第一行，答案：No one would be disappointed or even know.
119. 概括：running different from jogging, 全文最后一句：I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good 答案综合归纳为Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.
24.（2012年，天津卷）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.
For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.
Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.
When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things---travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.
135.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
136.What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? (1 word)
___________________________________________________________________________
137.What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)
___________________________________________________________________________
138.Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
139.Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
135.A serious illness (did).
136.Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
137.She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women’s record.
Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record.
Or: She set the women’s record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.
138.Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).
Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.
139.I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.
Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.
Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.
Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.
Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
【解析】
135.根据第一段的句子：but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. 可知答案是A serious illness (did).
136.猜词题：从后面的单词distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.可知这是困难，挑战的意思： Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
137.从第二段的句子：In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. 可知答案是She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women’s record.
Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record.
Or: She set the women’s record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.
138.从文章的句子：For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. 可知答案是Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).
Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.
139.从文章我们知道Nyad 是非常有决心和毅力的：I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.
Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.
Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.
Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.
Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
25.（2013年，湖南卷）
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
“Let’s Talk”：The Free Advice Project
A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.
A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.
Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.
Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from her—but she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.
Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.
Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.
I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 
It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen.  (303 words)
100.In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
101.What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
102.According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?
(No more than 6 words) (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
103. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
100.She was giving free advice.
101.They expect her to listen and provide real answers.
102.They should talk things out.
103.She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.
【解析】
100.根据文章第一段最后句：But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.关键词：giving free advice.
101.根据文章第四段最后一句：and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.关键词：they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.根据题的要求，No more than 10 words故将not only···but also···换成and。
102.根据文章第五段：Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.
关键词：talking things out。可知。
103.根据文章倒数第二段：I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 可知。
26.（2013年，上海卷）
A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
104.A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except
105.According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that
106.What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?
107.While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that
【答案】
104.in the category of fear
105.the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape / other media—movies, radio, drama— had more emotional content
106.During the roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.
107.their research result reflected wider social trends / songs and books reflected the real population
【解析】
104.根据第二段的Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage意为，只有害怕类别的词汇在使用上有所增加，可知
105.根据第三段的He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape.可知
106.根据倒数第二段的During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash可知，
107.根据倒数第二段的the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends可知，其中reserved opinion指的是对……有保留意见
27.（2013年，四川卷）
阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语问答问题（请注意问题后词数要求）。
A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards - and she has no plans to retire.
Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953 - when the National Health Service (NHS) was just five years old - and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain.
The diabetes(糖尿病) specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts(轮班）each week.
Mrs. Reid said: "Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job. Working for the NHS has been my life. I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life.
Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals--including one in Scotland.
Her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years. She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease. She currently works at Southend Hospital, Essex.
Over the last 60years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.
Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts. She said: "There're lots of things I would say to the government. If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源), you can't do it without enough money. They shouldn't need the cuts that there are in the NHS. It's hard now because there's a shortage of staff."
Jackie has lived alone in Grays, Essex, since her husband did three years ago.
The couple have two daughters Michelle, 50, and Karen, 54.
Jackie added: "My youngest daughter worried about me - she doesn't think I should work as much as I do. I constantly say 'don't worry about me, I'm fine', but she never believes me. I don't like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever."
108. In which year was the NHS set up? (within 2 words)
109. What does Jackie think of nursing? (within 6 words)
110.When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes? (within 6 words)
111.What does Jackie wish the government to do? (within 7 words)
112. Why does Jackie's daughter worry about her? (within 8 words)
【答案】
108.Nursing’s hard but she loves it .
109.In 1948.
110.After her daughter developed diabetes.
111.Not to make cut in nursing.
112.Because she thinks her mother works too hard .
【解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述一个78岁高龄的护士依然坚守在自己的岗位上。尽管按照要求65岁就要退休了，但是退休之后又回到自己的岗位上，同时她的女儿也为她的工作而表示担忧，与此同时，这位高龄护士也希望政府能够保留NHS的支出。
108.根据文章第二段第一句Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953 - when the National Health Service(NHS) was just five years old可以推断出本题答案。
109.根据文章第四段第一句 Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job.可以得出本题答案。
110.根据文章第六段第二句She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease.可以得出本题答案。
111.根据文章第八段第一句Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts.可以得出本题答案。
112.根据文章最后一段第一句My youngest daughter worried about me - she doesn't think I should work as much as I do.可以得出她的女儿认为她工作过于负责。