高考英语语法填空-后缀变化与名词复数课件

这是一份高考英语语法填空-后缀变化与名词复数课件，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了高考真题演练，problem-2，problem-1，situation，Eating out，dishes ，it ，visiting ，higher ，weight 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

关注题材的主题意义， 话题符合考生的认知水平， 贴近考生的日常生活。大部分文章寓意深刻，对考生具有一定的教育意义。
2018年6月浙江卷--语法填空
Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially trublesme. Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap 58 can be t eat ut. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I 60 (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time. While regularly eating ut seems t 61 (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst. The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be 62 (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up. There culd be an even 63 (high) cst n yur health. Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems. If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme 65 dinner, get a few cking tips frm her. Cking fd can be fun. Yu might als begin t ntice the effects nt nly n yur health but in yur pcket.
从语法到语篇——问题解决模式(Prblem—Slutin Pattern)
slutin/evaluatin
Cking fd has many benefits.
Eating ut culd be a higher cst n health.
Eating ut culd be a higher cst n mney.
Few peple have much desire r time t ck.
affrdable
名词复数；动词变形容词、形容词比较级、动词变名词
中文重意合，英文重形合，我们在做题时要知己知彼，将自己的“中式思维”切换到英式思维。 英文重句法规则，注重词性转换，词性变化；中文突出情境，在情境中达到清晰表达的目的。
中英思维差异——词形变换
一本书/ 一瓶水两本书/ 两瓶水很多书/ 很多水
a bk/ a bttle f watertw bks/ tw bttles f watermany bks/ much water
他的英语更好/说得更流畅。他的英语最好/说得最流畅。
His English is better./He speaks English mre fluently.His English is best./He speaks English mst fluently.
他的父亲鼓励他。他鼓励他自己。
His father encuraged him.He encuraged himself.
这是这三人第三次获得三等奖。
It is the third time the three have wn the third prize.
2-1. 名词单数变复数的主要规则
1.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，词尾加-es 例如：buses; quizes; fxes; matches; flashes; tthbrushes 2.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y改变为i，再加-es 例如： candies; fairies; strawberries3.以-结尾的，如不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s 例如： tmates; ptates; pians; phts
写出名词的复数形式： 1. bus; quiz; fx; match; flash; tthbrush 2. candy; fairy; strawberry; 3. tmat; ptat; pian; pht
美国黑人和英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。• negr-negres; her-heres; ptat-ptates; tmat-tmates其余结尾的词加s, pht-phts; pian-pians
4. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves 例如：knives; lives; leaves; scarves 但有例外。rfs, beliefs 5. 少数特殊的复数形式没有任何规律。 例如：children; men; wmen; xen feet; geese; mice; teeth; analyses; bases; media; phenmena;
写出名词的复数形式： 4. knife life; leaf; scarf; rf; belief5. child; man; wman; x; ft; gse; muse; tth; analysis; basis; medium; phenmenn
巧记 以-f或-fe结尾的名词
妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。九个以-f(e)结尾的名词。wife（妻子）、knife（刀子）、wlf（狼）、thief（小偷）、shelf（架子）、self（自己）、 life（生命）、half（一半）、leaf（树叶）这些名词以-f(e)结尾变复数时，将-f(e)变v再加es。还有以-self结尾的反身代词复数用法也同样，如: myself-urselves. yurself-yurselves.serf（农奴）、chief（首领）、belief（信仰）、safe（保险柜）、gulf（海湾），直接加-s变为复数形式。另外 handkerchief（手帕；头巾）可用两种复数形式。handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves.
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题 —— 名词复数
1. I absent-mindedly turned the 56 (page) f the phne bk and came acrss a city map. （2016年10月浙江卷）2. Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small 56 (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away. （2017年6月浙江卷） 3. Yu wuldn’t think that a few 58 (mnth) f exercise in yur teens wuld be enugh fr the rest f yur life.（2017年11月浙江卷） 4. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially trublesme. （2018年6月浙江卷）5. One study shwed that 64____ ___(wman) wh drank a lt f cffee, like eight r mre cups per day.（2018年11月浙江卷）6. Fr Japan, the 58 (number) are mre striking - 22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050.（2020年1月浙江卷）
当所给提示词是名词：①考虑名词复数；②考虑名词所有格；③考虑词性转换。 确定名词为复数的情况：①sme, many, all, these，ne f...等复数概念的词所修饰的名词。②谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时。③根据上下文语境。
2-2.形容词或副词 变 比较级和最高级的主要规则
1. 以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st 例如: larger-largest; nicer-nicest2. 辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i，加er或est 例如: heavier-heaviest; easier-easiest; happier-happiest; healthier- healthiest3. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写再加er或est 例如: bigger-biggest; htter-httest; fatter-fattest
写出下列形容词或副词比较级和最高级1. large; nice2. heavy; easy; happy; healthy3. big; ht; fat; thin; slim; fit; wet; sad
4. 部分双音节词和多音节词在原级前加mre构成比较级和mst构成最高级 例如: mre slwly-mst slwly5.有少数形副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记 例如: better-best; wrse-wrst; lder/elder-ldest/eldest; less-least; mre-mst; further/farther- furthest/farthest; wrse-ff /better-ff
写出下列形容词或副词比较级和最高级4. slwly; beautiful; different; easily5. gd/ well; bad /ill; ld; little; far; many/much; badly-ff/well-ff
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题 —— 比较等级
11. Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring t ck a meal. （2017年6月浙江卷）16. There culd be an even 63 (high) cst n yur health. （2018年 6月浙江卷） 23. and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes 61 (ld) than befre. （2020年1月浙江卷）
根据上下文语境，判断形容词和副词的比较级别。比较级的标志词： ① than表示比较；②有much, a great deal，a lt, a little, a bit, even修饰形容词或副词比较级，用于加强语气。最高级的标志词：①the+最高级； ② in, f表范围
名词属性，后不再接其他成分，且适用于有上下语境时，不再重复使用名词的情况。
具有形容词属性，后接名词
加强语气，“自己或亲自”
代词的转换要根据上下文语境提示、语意或句子成分，注意代词的性别、人称、数和意义的差别。反身代词通常有以下四种用法：1、用作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末，但不能直接用作主语。 例：I went t the cinema myself. 2、用作宾语同位语，放在宾语后面。 例：Yu can g and ask Jhn himself. 3、用作介词的宾语，放在介词后面。 例：by neself 全靠自己；say t neself 自言自语4、用作动词的宾语，放在动词后面。 例：enjy neself 玩得高兴，help neself (t) 随便用…，teach neself 自学
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题 —— 人称代词
10.“She thught I had hurt 59 (I),” says Pahlssn.（2017年6月浙江卷）14. Anther nice thing is that yu learn bth new wrds and 64 (they) use uncnsciusly.（2017年11月浙江卷）19. One cup f cffee in the late afternn r evening will cause 61___ ____ (they) t stay awake almst all night.（2018年11月浙江卷）
2-4. 基数词变序数词
基数词变序数词口诀：一、二、三单独记；八去t、九去e；ve要用f替；整十基数变序数，先把y变成ie；要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序，th最后加上去。解析：ne→first、tw→secnd、three→third 这三个词变化特殊，要单独记；eight→eighth、nine→ninth，八去t，九去e, 后再加-th；five→fifth、twelve→twelfth，五、十二把ve换成f再加-th；twenty→twentieth、thirty→ 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，例如：twenty-first
英语是一种更为形式化的语言，它注重形式，善变形式，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。在近些年高考语篇填空中都有2-3题考查加后缀的词性转换。
-ise, -ize -fy, -ify-en
–al / -ial; -ical; –ful-ible; –y; –ic; –ly–us; –ish; –ant/–ent–able; –ive; –less
-tin / -atin； -sin / -missin-ance / -ence ; -ify; -ment; -al; -age; -ure/-ture/-sure/-ature -ity / -ty / -y; -th; -ness; -er/-r
3-1. 形容词变副词
1.绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly 例如：plitely; widely; wisely; rudely; nicely2.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y 例如：simply; terribly; gently; pssibly; cmfrtably;cnsiderably; prbably; incredibly3.truly;
写出下列形容词的副词形式1. plite; wide; wise; rude; nice2. simple; terrible; gentle; pssible; cmfrtable;cnsiderable; prbable; incredible3. true;
4. 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly” 例如：happily; heavily; angrily; busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如： shy---shyly5.以ic 结尾的词，加ally 例如：ecnmically; basically; scientifically; autmatically; energetically; 但是publicly 例外。6. 以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y 例如：dully; shrilly
写出下列形容词的副词形式4. happy; heavy; angry; busy; shy5. ecnmic; basic; scientific; autmatic; energetic; public 6. dull; shrill
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题 —— 副词
7. I lked 59 (quick) at the clck.（2016年10月浙江卷）13. Yu need t 61 (real) read at least ne gd bk a week, preferably a classic.（2017年11月浙江卷）18. 58____ ___(recent), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavred drinks.（2018年11月浙江卷） 20. car drivers can 60 (easy) see them.（2019年6月浙江卷） 24. This is 62 (particular) true in the US. （2020年1月浙江卷）
particularly
作状语，放在句首修饰全句
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词（包括非谓动词）、形容词（通常位于被修饰的形容词之前）、其他副词（通常位于被修饰的副词之前）或全句（此时副词通常放置在句首）。作状语，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
3-2. 名词后缀: 动词→名词
-tin / -atin 后缀① prnunciatin; explanatin ; descriptin; acquisitin; recgnitin; cmpetitin② cnsideratin; recmmendatin; expectatin; relaxatin; invitatin; preparatin; bservatin; rganizatin; cmbinatin; ccupatin 以元音+辅音+e结尾的动词，通常是把e变成a再加-tin, 加了一个a后，词尾的爆破音就可以顺利地和tin后缀连上了③ suggestin; cnnectin; attractin; pllutin; educatin; cntributin; cncentratin; dnatin; intrductin; intentin 一些以t结尾的动词，直接在后面加-in；而以te和ate结尾的单词，则需要去掉不发音的字母e再加上-in
1. ① prnunce; explain; describe ;acquire; recgnize; cmpete ② cnsider; recmmend; expect; relax; invite; prepare; explre; admire; bserve; rganize; cmbine; ccupy ③ suggest; cnnect; attract; pllute; educate; cntribute; cncentrate; dnate; intrduce; intend
-sin / -missin 后缀①discussin; expressin; impressin; refusin 一般以ss结尾的动词，直接在后面加-in；而以se结尾的单词，则需要去掉不发音的字母e再加上-in②cnclusin; decisin; extensin (延伸); expansin (膨胀); explsin (爆炸) 以de结尾的动词，通常要去掉de再加-sin③permissin; admissin; emissin (排放物); transmissin (传送, 传播) 以重读闭音节mit结尾的动词，去掉t再加-ssin
2.①discuss; express; impress; refuse ②cnclude; decide; extend; expand; explde ③permit; admit; emit; transmit
-ance / -ence 后缀① assistance; attendance（出席）; appearance; acceptance; acquaintance（熟人）; perfrmance 以字母a开头的动词变为名词时通常以-ance结尾② existence; difference; preference（偏爱）; cnference（会议） 以字母e开头或以-er结尾的动词变为名词时通常以-ence结尾③ insurance（保险）; guidance（指导）; endurance（忍耐） 当动词以字母e结尾时,去掉e后再-ance/-ence ④ relevance（关联）; significance; ignrance; absence; patience; fluency （流畅度）; cnfidence 以-ant/ -ent结尾的形容词转化为-ance/-ancy或ence/-ency的名词
3.① assist; attend; appear; accept; acquaint; perfrm ② exist; differ; prefer; cnfer ③ insure; guide; endure ④ relevant; significant; imprtant; ignrant; absent; patient; fluent; cnfident; different; independent; cnvenient
4. qualificatin; satisficatin; clarificatin; mdificatin; applicatin 以-ify结尾的动词把结尾的y变成i再加-catin 5. achievement; advertisement; amazement; amusement; argument; develpment; equipment; astnishment; disappintment; embarrassment 高中阶段-ment后缀的名词中，只有argument去e再加ment.6. survival; arrival; apprval -al结尾的后缀
4. qualify; satisfy; clarify; mdify; apply 5. achieve; advertise; amaze; amuse; argue; develp; equip; astnish; disappint; embarrass6. survive; arrive; apprve
7. marriage; shrtage -age 名词后缀8. belief; relief; grief (悲伤) 动词变-ve为-f 成名词9. failure; pressure; departure; expsure (暴露); pleasure; mixture; signature (签名) 动词或形容词加后缀-ure/-ture/-sure/-ature变名词
7. marry; shrt; 8. believe; relieve; grieve9. fail; press; depart; expse; please; mix; sign
3-2. 名词后缀: 形容词→名词
-ity / -ty / -y名词后缀：①hnesty; difficulty; mdesty (谦逊); discvery; recvery; delivery 直接加y变名词②injury; enquiry/ inquiry (询问); unity (整体) 去掉e再加y变名词③reality; similarity; familiarity; ppularity; equality; persnality; natinality (国籍); punctuality(准时) 直接加ity变名词
10. ① hnest; difficult; mdest; discver; recver; deliver ② injure; enquire/ inquire; unite ③ real; similar; familiar; ppular; equal; persnal; natinal; punctual
-ity / -ty / -y名词后缀：④activity; creativity; diversity; security; purity(纯净) 去掉e再加ity变名词⑤cruelty; safety; certainty 直接加ty变名词⑥ability; pssibility; respnsibility; flexibility(灵活性) 把le变成ility变名词⑦anxiety; variety; curisity; genersity; necessity 特殊变化的名词，注意发音变化，需熟记。
10. ④ active; creative; diverse; secure; pure ⑤ cruel; safe; certain ⑥ able; pssible; respnsible; flexible ⑦ anxius; varius; curius; generus; necessary
11. warmth; strength; death; depth; width; length; truth; yuth; grwth 形容词或动词加-th 后缀的常见名词 （注意发音的变化）12.wisdm; freedm; bredm(厌烦) 形容词加后缀-dm变成名词13. accuracy(准确性); fluency; frequency 一些 -at(e) 或 -t 结尾的形容词加后缀-cy变名词。14. awareness; cldness; weakness; brightness; kindness; emptiness; happiness 形容词后加-ness变成表示“性质或状态”的名词15. height; weight; laughter 记牢几个特殊变化
11. warm; strng; dead; deep; wide; lng; true; yung; grw12. wise; free; bre13. accurate; fluent; frequent14. aware; cld; weak; bright; kind; empty; happy 15. high; weigh; laugh
3-2. 名词后缀:   名词（人）
加后缀变成“...人”的名词① 加-er： engineer; emplyer(雇主), emplyee(雇员); interviewer (采访者), interviewee(被访问者); waiter, waitress(女服务员); lawyer② 加-ar： beggar(乞丐); liar(说谎者)③ 加-r：directr, instructr, cnductr, sailr; visitr; translatr; editr; peratr; inventr; gvernr; actr, actress(女演员)
16.加后缀变成“...人”的名词① engine; emply; interview; wait; law ② beg, lie③ direct, instructr, cnduct, sailr; visit; translate; edit; perate; invent; gvern
加后缀变成“...人”的名词④加-ist：artist, nvelist, specialist, turist, pianist, scientist, vilinist⑤加-ant: accuntant, assistant, servant; applicant(申请人)⑥加-cian: musician; magician; plitician; physician (内科医生)
16.加后缀变成“...人”的名词④ art, nvel, special, tur, pian, science, vilin⑤ accunt, assist, serve; apply⑥ music; magic; plitic; physic
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题 —— 名词
8. Magically, that shw remains the Great Jasn's best 65 (perfrm) t this day.（2016年10月浙江卷）17. Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems.（2018年6月浙江卷）21. Other American studies shwed n 64 (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.（2019年6月浙江卷）
cnnectin/cnnectins
（1）作主语、表语或宾语用_________形式。（2）空格前有冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词(sme, any, a lt f等)、介词、名词所有格时，就考虑用_________形式。（3）根据上下文语境，要注意名词的单复数形式。
3-3. 形容词后缀:   名词变形容词
1. –al / -ial后缀的形容词 cultural; natural; central; persnal; educatinal; prfessinal; traditinal; additinal; riginal; glbal; beneficial; financial; facial 2. -ical后缀的形容词 ecnmical; electrical; histrical; chemical; physical; plitical; practical; classical; medical; 3. –ful后缀的形容词 harmful; helpful; clrful; dubtful; peaceful; hpeful; useful; pwerful; meaningful; respectful; stressful; successful; skillful
1. culture; nature; center; persn; educatin; prfessin; traditin; additin; rigin; glbe; benefit; finance, face2. ecnmy; electricity; histry; chemistry; physics; plitics; practice; classic; medicine3. harm; help; clr; dubt; peace; hpe; use; pwer; meaning; respect; stress; success; skill
4. -ible后缀的形容词 accessible; hrrible; terrible; sensible(明智的); respnsible 5. –y后缀的形容词 dirty; lucky; healthy; wealthy; greedy; cludy; strmy; risky; thirsty; shiny/shining; nisy; scary; funny; sunny; fggy; hungry; angry 6. –ic后缀的形容词 heric; enthusiastic; energetic; fantastic; tragic; scientific 7. –ly 后缀的形容词 friendly; lvely; weekly; mnthly; yearly
4. access; hrrr; terrr; sense; respnse5. dirt; luck; health; wealth; greed; clud; strm; risk; thirst; shine; nise; scare; fun; sun; fg; hunger; anger6. her; enthusiasm; energy; fantasy; tragedy; science7. friend; lve; week; mnth; year
8. –us 后缀的形容词 anxius; varius; curius; ambitius; cautius; adventurus; cntinuus; dangerus; famus; humrus; pisnus; muntainus; mysterius; 9. –ish后缀的形容词 childish; flish; selfish 10. –ant/–ent 后缀的形容词 imprtant; distant; absent; cnvenient; evident; vilent; fluent; urgent
8. anxiety; variety; curisity; ambitin; cautin; adventure; cntinue; danger; fame; humr; pisn; muntain; mystery9. child; fl; self10. imprtance; distance; absence; cnvenience; evidence; vilence; fluency; urgency
3-3. 形容词后缀:   动词变形容词
11. –able 后缀的形容词 avidable; affrdable (负担得起的); acceptable; cmfrtable; suitable; reasnable nticeable(显而易见的); changeable(可改变的；易变的) ; believable(可信的) curable; valuable; reliable 12. –ive后缀的形容词 active; attractive; effective; impressive; instructive; expensive; sensitive(敏感的); creative 13. -ate后缀的形容词 cnsiderate, frtunate; passinate
11. avid; affrd; accept; cmfrt; suit; reasn; ntice; change; believe; cure; value; rely12.act; attract; effect; impress; instruct; expense; sense; create;13. cnsider, frtune; passin
3-3. 形容词后缀:   表示否定意义
14. –less后缀的形容词, 表示否定意义，这类词通常还可再加“-ness”构成名词 或“-ly”构成副词 careless; cuntless; endless; fearless; harmless; helpless; hpeless; hmeless; meaningless; speechless
14. care; cunt; end; fear; harm; help; hpe; hme; meaning; speech
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题—— 形容词
9. But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a 57 (shine) bject.（2017年6月浙江卷） 12. One f the 60 (effect) ways t build vcabulary is t read gd bks. （2017年11月浙江卷）15. The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be 62 (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up.（2018年6月 浙江卷） 22. Schl unifrms are 65 (traditin) in Britain.（2019年6 月浙江卷）
shiny/shining
traditinal
作定语、表语或补足语用__________形式。
1.-ise, -ize后缀，“使…变得…/…化” aplgize; memrize; mdernize; scialize; specialize; ppularize2. -fy, -ify后缀，“使…变得…/…化” classify; identify; beautify; simplify; purify3. -en后缀，常加在形容词后“使…变得…” braden; fasten; sharpen; strengthen; darken; deepen; harden; lengthen; weaken; widen; wrsen
1. aplgy; memry; mdern; scial; special; ppular2. class; identity; beauty; simple; pure3. brad; fast; sharp; strength; dark; deep; hard; length; weak; wide; wrse
浙江新高考 7次语法填空真题—— 动词
浙江新高考 7次语法填空题没有考查动词后缀的词性转换。 T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy).（2018 全国 I 卷）
解题方法归纳 副词 名词 形容词 动词