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高考英语阅读理解分类训练：交通类
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这是一份高考英语阅读理解分类训练：交通类，共25页。
S the questin is: is it wrth it? Just hw much emissin reductin can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been dne t give us sme answers.
“A life cycle analysis f emissins cnsiders three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is t blame. “Emissins frm manufacturing EV batteries were estimated t be 3.2 tns f carbn dixide (CO2), 1/4 f thse frm an electric car, 13 tns f CO2. Thse were bigger than emissins frm gas cars, 10.5 tns f CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed t be 150,000 kilmeters, emissins frm the manufacturing phase f an electric car are higher than gas cars.”
In the use phase, the surce f electricity the cnsumer is using t pwer their car cmes int play in a majr way. “T understand hw the emissins f electric car vary with a cuntry’s renewable electricity share, cnsider Australia and New Zealand,” cntinues the reprt. “In 2018, Australia’s share f renewables in electricity was abut 21%. In cntrast, the number in New Zealand’s was abut 84%. Electric car emissins in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at abut 170g and 25g f CO2 per km respectively. As a cnsumer, ur car is nly as green as ur cuntry’s energy mix.”
Finally, in the recycling phase, we lk at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling, battery recycling, and material recvery. “The estimated emissins in this phase, based n a study, are abut 1.8 tns fr a gas car and 2.4 tns fr an electric car. This difference is mstly due t the emissins frm battery recycling, which is 0.7 tns,” shws in the reprt. “While electric cars cause mre greenhuse gas emissins than gas cars d, it's imprtant t nte the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This culd have significant emissins reductin benefits in the future. Fr cmplete life cycle emissins, the study shws that EV emissins are 18% lwer than gas cars.”
S here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re nt as green as we thught. There’s certainly rm fr imprvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the glbal energy transitin tward greener energy-prductin.
1．Why is a life cycle analysis f emissins made?
A．T illustrate the advantages f EVs.
B．T shw hw gas cars utperfrm EVs.
C．T weigh the envirnmental impact f EVs.
D．T examine the energy surces f gas cars and EVs.
2．Hw des the authr supprt the underlined statement in Paragraph 5?
A．By giving instructins.B．By highlighting features.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．Accrding t the passage, what cntributes t EVs’ beating gas cars?
A．Recycling f batteries.B．Overall driving distance.
C．Manufacturing technlgy.D．Gvernment’s energy plicy.
4．Which f the fllwing statements des the authr supprt?
A．EVs are wrthy f the praise they have received.
B．EVs are nt successful fr their envirnmental dwnsides.
C．EVs will n lnger be widely accepted fr their emissins.
D．EVs are nt truly green until their energy surces becme green.
The Chinese highspeed rails have a quality all n its wn, because it's s massive. There are mre than twice as many highspeed trains in China as the rest f the wrld cmbined.
Firstly, China's technlgy n building the railway is leading the rest f the wrld and there is n sign that any ther cuntry culd surpass China's psitin in the near future. Secndly, China's trains are based n Japanese, German and French mdels. At last, the scale f Chinese highspeed train is unthinkable t ther cuntries which has highspeed train netwrk. I had my first pprtunity t ride the highspeed trains last week when I had a business meeting in Zhengzhu. As smene wh grew up with a disdain fr public transprtatin, I was dreading the experience. I pushed hard t fly, but was tld that it wuld be much better if I tk the train. I had traveled n an Amtrak train befre in the US, and hated hw slw it was and hw many stps there were. Chinese highspeed trains are n a different level.
First, when I say they are highspeed, I mean they are highspeed. The trains are clean and the seats are huge. There are ample pwer utlets and yu can't even feel hw fast the train is mving. If there were n windws, I wuldn't be able t tell when we were stpped r when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smth. The terminal in Zhengzhu lked like yu culd fit a millin peple in it. It had shps and a fd curt and the trains wuld silently pull in and ut f the statin perfectly n schedule.
I'm traveling again this week by train and I'm excited. The highspeed trains are incredible.
5．Which f the fllwing is the characteristic f China highspeed rails？
A．China has the mst highspeed trains in the wrld.
B．N ther cuntry will surpass China in building the highspeed railway.
C．China makes highspeed trains all by itself.
D．China ranks first in the highspeed rails develpment frm the very beginning.
6．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2？
A．The authr likes t take public transprtatin.
B．The authr decided t take the trainat first.
C．The authr expected his first train experience in China.
D．America falls behind China in railway develpment.
7．What can we nt learn abut the authr's first rail trip in China？
A．The train run very fast and smthly.
B．It is cnvenient t get the cellphne charged n the train.
C．Zhengzhu statin is very huge.
D．Zhengzhu statin is an imprtant terminal.
8．What des the article mainly talk abut？
A．The authr's first train experience in China.
B．The advancement f China's highspeed trains.
C．The highspeed railway shuld be greatly develped in the wrld.
D．The imprtance f public transprtatin.
Urban planners may sn have a new way t measure traffic jams. By putting in the different rutes by which vehicles can travel between lcatins, researchers have develped a new cmputer algrithm (运算法则) that helps quantify regins f jams in urban areas and suggests ways arund them.
The study, published in the Jurnal f Physics: Cmplexity, used traffic speeds frm taxis in New Yrk City t demnstrate hw rad infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavir can create cmplex rad netwrks that differ amng cities.
The team apprached the issue by designing a cmputer algrithm t capture the tplgy-r relatinship between the different rutes between lcatins-f rad netwrks. “We fund that the mst significant traffic bttlenecks in Manhattan seem t arise as a result f the city’s structural layut,” said study c-authr Daniel Carmdy. “Fr example, the fact that a bridge enters Manhattan at a range where traffic is already limited due t Central Park slws traffic in the area cnsiderably.”
The researchers perfrmed a cmparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, t test if the algrithm wrks equally well in areas with different layuts. Manhattan has a lng and thin structure, while Chengdu is rund. There are significant differences in the way traffic mves between these tw different setups, the researchers said.
“The bttlenecks in Chengdu seem t arise due t the functin f the buildings in a particular area,” Carmdy said. “Fr example, it is hard t travel in and ut f the central business district in Chengdu because f the large amunt f traffic alne. Beltways, r faster streets arund busy areas, have emerged in circles arund this area, which is nt surprising because this feature was intentinally built int the city.”
In Manhattan, the bridges and underpasses that frm the entry and exit pints cause traffic slwdwns. Hwever, in lwer Manhattan, where drivers seem t bey the lwer psted speed limits, traffic mves mre smthly, frming a new traffic beltway with the suthern end f Central Park acting as a blck between lwer and central Manhattan.
“It surprised us that there is an emergent beltway in such a busy area f Manhattan,” Carmdy said. “This indicates that, unlike in Chengdu, beltways seem t arise frm driver behavir even when they aren’t part f the structural plan f a traffic netwrk.”
“The researchers have imagined that this technlgy culd give urban planners a means t quantify traffic patterns, leading t better traffic,” Carmdy said. “As methds f transprtatin develp, new prblems will emerge, and we hpe that ur tls will give planners new ways t measure what is ging n with city traffic.”
9．Accrding t the new study, what cntributes t traffic jams in Manhattan?
A．The number f bttlenecks and beltways.
B．The lcatin f bridges and underpasses.
C．Rad facilities and driver behavir.
D．Rad signs and urban ppulatin.
10．Researchers als studied Chengdu in rder t .
A．cmpare the layuts f the tw cities
B．find better infrastructure fr ne city
C．design traffic patterns with the algrithm
D．assess the effectiveness f the algrithm
11．Why d vehicles mve faster in lwer Manhattan?
A．Because f lwer psted speed limits.
B．Because drivers fllw the traffic rules.
C．Because it is planned in the traffic netwrk.
D．Because a beltway has emerged arund the area.
12．Wh is the target f this new cmputer algrithm?
A．City planners.
B．Slwer drivers.
C．Infrastructure develpers.
D．Rad sign designers.
The gd news is that mre peple bught electric cars in 2020. The bad news is that SUVs cntinued t grw in ppularity, t. The fall in il cnsumptin due t the first trend was cmpletely cancelled ut by the secnd, say Laura Czzi and Apstls Petrpuls at the Internatinal Energy Agency (IEA) in France.
The grwing ppularity f SUVs is making it even harder t cut carbn dixide emissins（排放）and meet climate gals. “Plicy-makers need t find ways t persuade cnsumers t chse smaller and mre efficient cars,” says Petrpuls.
Oil cnsumptin by cnventinal cars – nt including SUVs – is estimated t have fallen 10 percent in 2020, r by mre than 1.8 millin barrels（桶）a day, Czzi and Petrpuls say in a cmmentary published by the IEA n 15 January. Mst f this fall was due t reduced travel and is likely t be temprary.
But a small part f the drp, arund 40,000 barrels a day, was as a result f the increased share f electric vehicles (EVs). “We have seen a skyrcketing f glbal electric car sales in 2020,” says Petrpuls. Unfrtunately, the number f SUVs increased as well. While verall car sales fell in 2020, 42 percent f buyers chse SUVs, up arund three percentage pints frm 2019.
Glbally, there are nw mre than 280 millin SUVs being driven, up frm fewer than 50 millin in 2010. On average, SUVs cnsume 20 percent mre energy per kilmetre than a medium-sized car.
The increase in SUVs in 2020 led t a rise in il cnsumptin that cancelled ut the effect f electric cars, says Petrpuls. Much the same is true ver the past decade. Between 2010 and 2020, glbal CO2 emissins frm cnventinal cars fell by nearly 350 megatnnes, due t factrs such as fuel efficiency imprvements as well as the switch t electric cars. Emissins frm SUVs rse by mre than 500 megatnnes.
“While the grwth in EVs is encuraging, the increase in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Glen Peters at the CICERO climate research centre in Nrway.
There are many reasns fr the grwing ppularity f SUVs, says Petrpuls. Rising prsperity（繁荣）in many cuntries means mre peple are able t affrd them, fr instance. Sme peple see them as a symbl f scial psitin. SUVs are als heavily advertised by car-makers, he says, whse prfits are higher n these vehicles.
There are nw sme electric SUVs available. “Hpefully, in time, yu will see electric vehicles entering the SUV market,” says Peters.
Even if it happens, switching t electric SUVs isn’t an ideal slutin. Due t their size and bigger batteries, it takes mre resurces t build electric SUVs, and they cnsume arund 15 percent mre electricity. Higher electricity demand makes it harder t green the electricity supply.
13．Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the passage?
A．The SUVs driven in 2019 reached up t 280 millin.
B．Electric cars appeared a sharp decline in sales in 2020.
C．Buyers f SUVs in 2020 increased 42 percent than thse in 2019.
D．Glbal SUVs being driven nw are ver five times as many as thse in 2010.
14．Frm the increase f SUVs, we can infer ________.
A．it culd have harmful cnsequences fr the air quality
B．the il cnsumptin will increase and the price will fall
C．peple all ver the wrld are getting wealthier than befre
D．the car-makers think it’s unnecessary t advertise any mre
15．What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A．The purchases f SUVs shuld be reduced.
B．The SUVs shuld be discntinued immediately.
C．The awareness f using electric cars needs t be imprved.
D．Increasing electric cars can slve the prblem f il cnsumptin.
16．What’s the authr’s attitude t electric SUVs?
A．Uncncerned.B．Disapprving.
C．Supprtive.D．Uncertain.
On paper, hydrgen（H2）lks like a dream fuel. Cal, il, and natural gas prduce carbn dixide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrgen prduces pure water. Hydrgen packs mre energy int less space than a battery（but certainly less than petrl）. Als, empty tanks（燃料箱）can be refilled with hydrgen much faster than refilling empty batteries with electricity.
While in practice, things are trickier. String a meaningful amunt f hydrgen gas requires pressing it several hundred-fld. Changing it int the liquid frm is anther ptin, but it shuld be cled t-253C．Bth prcesses require a heavy and strng tank. While a 700 bar tank is acceptable fr a city bus r a truck, adapting it fr use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling wuld be t great.
The slutin? Pwerpaste.
A German team f researchers, led by Marcus Vgt, have cme up with an interesting "pwerpaste", which can stre hydrgen energy at atmspheric pressure, ready fr release when needed. It is s named because it cmes in tubes and lks like tthpaste（牙膏）, nt in its traditinal frm f gas.
The main ingredient（原料）f the paste is magnesium hydride, a substance that reacts with water t frm hydrgen. The escaped hydrgen can then be directed int a fuel cell, where it reacts with xygen frm the air t prduce electric pwer.
Refueling is very simple, as instead f ging t a filling statin, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new ne and refill the water tank.
Given that pwerpaste nly begins t break dwn at temperatures f arund 250℃ it remains safe even when a vehicle stands in the baking sun fr hurs.
Hwever, we will have t be patient. Just because researchers have succeeded in develping a new fueling way des nt mean that we can expect t see such vehicles n the rad anytime sn. It will indeed be several years befre this cncept is turned int reality.
17．As a fuel, what is the advantage f hydrgen ver il?
A．Refilling empty tanks will be mre cnvenient.
B．It is less likely t wrsen glbal warming
C．Mre energy can be packed in the same space.
D．It will prduce pure water fr peple t drink.
18．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The practical difficulties t use hydrgen as fuel in small vehicles.
B．The detailed prcesses f adapting a strng tank in small vehicles.
C．The differences in fueling between large vehicles and small nes.
D．The tricks f building strng tanks in small vehicles.
19．The authr mentins the refueling prcess t shw that pwerpaste is______________.
A．inexpensiveB．pwerfulC．cnvenientD．envirnment-friendly
20．Why des the authr call n the readers t be patient?
A．Pwerpaste-driven vehicles smetimes mve very slwly n the rad.
B．Practical use f pwerpaste-driven vehicles will nt cme very sn.
C．Pwerpaste-driven vehicles can nly wrk after being in the sun fr hurs
D．It will be years befre the researchers wrk ut the cncept f pwerpaste.
We are frtunate t live in a city that encurages bicycling as a means f transprtatin.Our lcal gvernment has prmted bicycling by imprving bike lanes and increasing the number f them. The grwing number f cyclists, hwever, brings this questin t mind: shuld bicyclists be required t share the respnsibilities f the rad? Autmbile drivers have t take cmpetency tests, fllw established regulatins, and accept punishment fr breaking rules. The city requests drivers t register and license their vehicles t ensure accuntability (责任）. Bicyclists wh use public radways shuld be held accuntable, t.
Let's lk at what sharing the rad means. Fr ne thing, it shuld invlve cst sharing.Aut registratin and license fees are used, in part, fr building and maintaining radways. It seems nly reasnable t ask bicyclists t cntribute t transprtatin funding as well.
Mre imprtantly,sharing the rad includes accuntability. When drivers ignre the rules f the rad, the plice and ther mtrists have the pprtunity t identify them by their license plate number and reprt their ffenses (违法行为）。 This isn't true fr bicyclists. I've seen bicyclists mving quickly between lanes.Because they shw n identificatin, they feel prtected by annymity(匿名）。What gd wuld it d t reprt t the plice “I saw a guy n a red bike blw thrugh the stplight"? The simple act f making bicyclists identifiable wuld encurage safer, mre respnsible riding.
Of curse,I've heard arguments against asking cyclists t register and license their bikes. Sme peple might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Wuld yu require a six-year-ld rider t take a test and pay a fee?" Obviusly, the city culd determine an age when cycling wuld be cnsidered a "means f transprtatin n public rads." Other peple argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes dn't damage the radways as cars d. Bicycle registratin fees culd be cmparatively mdest, and the methd fr displaying a license number culd be simple.
Many U.S. cities and twns nw implement bike registratin and licensing. A statute(法规）frm ne. Califrnia twn states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpse, antitheft and safety. I'm eager t see mre bicyclists n the rad, and I'm hping fr riders wh take their respnsibilities seriusly.
21．T advcate respnsible cycling, the authr suggests
A．increasing the number f bike lanes
B．giving cmpetency tests t all cyclists
C．identifying cyclists thrugh registratin
D．reprting cycling ffenses mre frequently
22．What is the authr's purpse in writing Paragraph 4?
A．T explain hw bicycle registratin and licensing wrk.
B．T prvide slutins t reduce irrespnsible cycling f kids.
C．T respnd t peple's dubts abut hlding cyclists accuntable.
D．T argue against requiring cyclists t register and license their bicycles.
23．What argumentative methds are used in this article?
① Using examples
② Quting prfessinals
③ Cmparing and cntrasting
④ Appealing t readers' emtins
A．①②
B．②④
C．③④
D．①③
24．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld we encurage mre cycling in the city?
B．Shuld cyclists register and license their bikes?
C．What des "sharing the rad" mean t cyclists?
D．Hw can rad safety be guaranteed fr cyclists?
Kids Flying Alne Guide
Befre the flight:Try t bk a mrning flight. If it is delayed r canceled, yu have the rest f the day t make alternate planes. Make sure yur child desn’t wear any clthing that has his r her name n it, which wuld make it easier fr a stranger t cnvince a child he can be trusted.
At the airprt:
Make sure the flight attendants knw that yur child is traveling alne. Make sure that he r she will be seated in an area f the aircraft that’s cnvenient fr attendants t keep an eye n — the very frnt f very back f the aircraft is ideal.
Register yur child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can prvide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.
What t pack:
Cell phne: If yur child desn’t have a cell phne, buy him r her a pay-as-yu-g phne at a cell phne retailer (零售店) s he r she has an easy frm f cmmunicatin fr emergencies.
Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards wrth $ 25 r $ 50, This will reduce the wrry f traveling with a large amunt f cash.
Family/ friends cntact infrmatin: Give yur child a cmplete list f names, numbers and addresses f the peple wh are picking yur child up at the airprt.
25．Hw much shuld yu pay if yur child aged eleven travels alne n a cnnecting flight by Frntier Airlines?
A．$ 50.B．$ 75.
C．$ 120.D．$ 160.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Juice r water can’t be brught nt the aircraft.
B．Unaccmpanied children can’t fly n the last flight f the day.
C．Pay-as-yu-g phnes are prvided fr free at the airprt fr children withut cell phnes.
D．Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department fr free.
27．Which f the fllwing is recmmended fr unaccmpanied children?
A．Bking them mrning flights.
B．Giving them a large amunt f cash.
C．Making them sit in the middle f the aircraft.
D．Dressing them in clthing with their names n it.
The past ages f man have all been carefully labeled by anthrplgists（人类学家）. Descriptins like “Palelithic(旧石器时代) Man”, “Nelithic(新石器时代) Man”, etc., neatly sum up whle perids. When the time cmes fr anthrplgists t turn their attentin t the twenty-first century, they will surely chse the label “Legless Man”. Histries f the time will g smething like this: “In the twenty-first century, peple frgt hw t use their legs. Men and wmen mved abut in cars, buses and trains frm a very early age. There were lifts in all large buildings t prevent peple frm walking. And the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went n hliday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and rads t the tp f every huge muntain. All the beauty spts n earth were ruined by the presence f large car parks.”
The future histry bks might als recrd that we lst the right f using ur eyes. In ur hurry t get frm ne place t anther, we failed t see anything n the way. Air travel gives yu a bird’s-eye view f the wrld r even less if the wing f the aircraft happens t get in yur way. When yu travel by car r train, the unclear picture f the cuntryside cnstantly slides ver the windw. When yu mentin the mst impressive place-names in the wrld, the typical 21st century traveler always says “I’ve been there.”—meaning “I drve thrugh it at 100 miles an hur n the way t smewhere else.”
When yu travel at high speeds, the present means nthing: yu live mainly in the future because yu spend mst f yur time lking frward t arriving at sme ther place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. Yu want t mve n again. By traveling like this, yu skip all experience. The traveler n ft, n the ther hand, lives in the present. Fr him traveling and arriving are ne and the same thing: he arrives smewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present mment with his eyes, his ears and the whle f his bdy. At the end f his jurney he feels a delicius physical tiredness. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward f all true travelers.
28．Anthrplgists name man nwadays “Legless Man” because _________.
A．peple prefer cars, buses and trains
B．peple travel withut using legs
C．lifts prevent peple frm walking
D．peple use their legs less and less
29．Accrding t the passage, what might make peple lse the right f using their eyes?
A．The mdern means f transprtatin.B．A bird’s-eye view f the wrld.
C．The unclear sight frm the vehicles.D．The fast-paced life style.
30．Frm the passage, we knw traveling at high speeds means _________.
A．appreciating beautiful sceneryB．experiencing life skills
C．fcusing n the next destinatinD．feeling physical tiredness
31．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Mdern transprtatin devices have replaced legs.
B．Traveling makes the wrld a small place.
C．Human’s histry develps very fast.
D．The best way t travel is n ft.
The Netherlands n Mnday intrduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electrnic devices t help bring dwn the high accident rate amng elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad cuntry．
Develped fr the gvernment by the Netherlands Organizatin fr Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle, runs n electricity．A cmmercial-available bicycle is expected t be n the market in the next tw years and shuld sell fr between 1, 700 t 3, 200 eurs per bicycle．
The devices n the bike are linked thrugh an nbard cmputer with a vibrating (震动的) warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars t warn cyclists f the cming danger.
The saddle vibrates when ther cyclists apprach frm behind, while, the handlebars d the same when barriers appear ahead．
“Accidents ften happen when cyclists lk behind them r get a fright when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, ne f TNO's research scientists invlved in the prject. “The nbard system technlgy has already been at wrk in the car industry,” he said.
“Mre and mre elderly peple are using a bicycle, nt nly fr shrt distances, but als fr lnger distances, ”Dutch Envirnment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen tld AFP. “This type f bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring dwn the number f elderly peple wh are injured every year and allw them t cntinue t enjy cycling, ”she said．
In the Netherlands, bicycles utnumber the ppulatin f 17 millin by at least ne millin and there are sme 25,000 km f bicycle path in the cuntry. Thse statistics are set t grw as mre and mre peple take t tw-wheeled transprt, leading t an increased risk f injury.
Last year, 184 cyclists died in the cuntry, f which 124, r 67%, were lder than 65, accrding t the Central Statistics Office. The year befre, 200 cyclists died, the majrity f victims als being elderly.
The current mdel weighs 25 kilgrams but researchers are wrking n making the nbard systems smaller.
32．The intelligent bicycle is aimed t ________．
A．prtect the envirnment
B．help reduce traffic pressure
C．ppularize the use f bicycles
D．imprve safety fr elderly cyclists
33．Which part f the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when anther cyclist was suddenly fund ahead ?
A．The handlebars.
B．The wheels.
C．The saddle.
D．The nbard cmputer.
34．We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A．the elderly ride bicycles wherever they g
B．the accident rate amng elderly cyclists is high
C．the number f elderly cyclists is decreasing
D．the elderly are planning t give up cycling
35．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．A Test Bicycle
B．Elderly Cyclists
C．A Smart Bicycle
D．A Bicycle-mad Cuntry
参考答案：
1．C
2．C
3．A
4．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。电动车更环保，但是只有电动汽车实现能源方面的绿色，才能实现真正的绿色。
1．
细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容及第三段“S the questin is: is it wrth it? Just hw much emissin reductin can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been dne t give us sme answers.”（所以问题是：这值得吗？ 电动汽车到底能减排多少呢？幸运的是，一个生命周期评估已经完成，给了我们一些答案。）可知，对排放进行生命周期分析是为了衡量电动汽车对环境的影响。故选C项。
2．
推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“In 2018, Australia’s share f renewables in electricity was abut 21%. In cntrast, the number in New Zealand’s was abut 84%. Electric car emissins in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at abut 170g and 25g f CO2 per km respectively.”（在2018年，澳大利亚可再生能源在电力中的份额约为21%。相比之下，新西兰的这一数字约为84%。据估计，澳大利亚和新西兰的电动汽车每公里排放的二氧化碳分别为170克和25克。）可知，作者通过作比较的方法来支持陈述“作为消费者，我们的汽车是否环保取决于我们国家的能源组合。”这一观点。故选C项。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“While electric cars cause mre greenhuse gas emissins than gas cars d, it's imprtant t nte the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This culd have significant emissins reductin benefits in the future. Fr cmplete life cycle emissins, the study shws that EV emissins are 18% lwer than gas cars.”（虽然电动汽车比汽油汽车排放更多的温室气体，但需要注意的是，回收电池可以用于后续电池。这可能在未来产生显著的减排效益。研究表明，在整个生命周期的排放中，电动汽车的排放量比汽油汽车低18%。）可知，电动汽车打败汽油汽车的原因是其电池的回收。故选A项。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“S here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re nt as green as we thught. There’s certainly rm fr imprvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the glbal energy transitin tward greener energy-prductin.”（所以结论是：电动汽车更环保。也许它们没有我们想的那么环保。当然还有改进的余地。但真正的挑战在于加快全球能源向绿色能源生产的转变。）可知，实现了能源方面的绿色，电动汽车才是真正绿色的。故选D项。
5．A
6．D
7．D
8．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身乘坐高铁的经历讲述了中国高铁的发展现状和先进性。
5．
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“There are mre than twice as many highspeed trains in China as the rest f the wrld cmbined.”（中国高铁的数量是世界其他地区高铁数量总和的两倍多）可知，中国的高铁数量是世界上最多的。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“I had traveled n an Amtrak train befre in the US, and hated hw slw it was and hw many stps there were. Chinese highspeed trains are n a different level.”（我以前在美国乘坐过美国铁路公司的火车，我讨厌它有多慢，停了多少站。中国的高铁处在不同的水平上。）可推知，美国的铁路发展不及中国，故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“If there were n windws, I wuldn't be able t tell when we were stpped r when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smth. ”（如果没有窗户，我都不知道火车是什么时候停下来的，还是以300公里/小时的速度行驶的——真是太平稳了。）可知A项The train run very fast and smthly.（火车开得又快又平稳。）正确；根据第三句“There are ample pwer utlets and yu can't even feel hw fast the train is mving.”（这里有充足的电源插座，你甚至感觉不到火车开得有多快。）可知B项It is cnvenient t get the cellphne charged n the train.（在火车上给手机充电很方便。）正确；根据第五句“The terminal in Zhengzhu lked like yu culd fit a millin peple in it.”（郑州站看起来可以容纳一百万人。）可知C项Zhengzhu statin is very huge.（郑州站很大）正确；D项Zhengzhu statin is an imprtant terminal.（郑州站是一个重要的终点站。）并未在本段提及。故选D。
8．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Chinese highspeed rails have a quality all n its wn, because it's s massive. There are mre than twice as many highspeed trains in China as the rest f the wrld cmbined.”（中国的高铁有其自身的质量，因为它是如此巨大。中国的高铁数量是世界其他地区总和的两倍多。）根据第二段“Firstly, China's technlgy n building the railway is leading the rest f the wrld and there is n sign that any ther cuntry culd surpass China's psitin in the near future.”（首先，中国的铁路建设技术领先世界其他国家，没有迹象表明任何其他国家可以在不久的将来超过中国的地位）可知，本章一开始就提到了中国高铁的先进发展，然后具体通过作者自己在中国第一次乘高铁的经历进一步证明中国高铁的先进之处，故选B。
9．C
10．D
11．B
12．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员开发出了一种新的计算机运算法则，该法则可以帮助城市规划者量化城市地区的拥堵区域，处理交通堵塞的问题。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in the Jurnal f Physics: Cmplexity, used traffic speeds frm taxis in New Yrk City t demnstrate hw rad infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavir can create cmplex rad netwrks that differ amng cities. (这项发表在《物理学杂志：复杂性》上的研究，利用纽约市出租车的交通速度，展示了道路基础设施和司机的行为是如何在不同城市中创造出复杂的道路网络的)”可知，根据这项新研究，是道路设施与驾驶员行为导致了曼哈顿的交通堵塞。故选C项。
10．
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers perfrmed a cmparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, t test if the algrithm wrks equally well in areas with different layuts. (研究人员利用中国成都的交通模式进行了对比分析，以测试该运算法则在不同布局的地区是否同样有效)”可知，研究人员也对成都进行了研究，以评估运算法则的有效性。故选D项。
11．
细节理解题。根据第六段中“Hwever, in lwer Manhattan, where drivers seem t bey the lwer psted speed limits, traffic mves mre smthly (然而，在曼哈顿下城，司机似乎遵守较低的限速，交通移动更平稳)”可知，因为司机遵守交通规则，所以曼哈顿下城的车辆跑得更快。故选B项。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Urban planners may sn have a new way t measure traffic jams. (城市规划者可能很快就会有一种处理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，这个新的计算机运算法则的目标人群是城市规划者。故选A项。
13．D
14．A
15．A
16．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了更多的人购买了电动汽车使得石油消费下降，然而SUV的受欢迎程度也在持续增长，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。
13．
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Glbally, there are nw mre than 280 millin SUVs being driven, up frm fewer than 50 millin in 2010.（在全球范围内，目前有超过2.8亿辆SUV被驾驶，而2010年这一数字还不到5000万辆。）”可知，目前全球SUV的使用量是2010年的5倍多。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The grwing ppularity f SUVs is making it even harder t cut carbn dixide emissins and meet climate gals.（SUV越来越受欢迎，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。）”和文章第六段“The increase in SUVs in 2020 led t a rise in il cnsumptin that cancelled ut the effect f electric cars, says Petrpuls… SUVs rse by mre than 500 megatnnes.( Petrpuls说，2020年SUV的增加导致了石油消耗的增加，抵消了电动汽车的影响。过去十年的情况也大致如此。从2010年到2020年，由于燃油效率的提高以及转向电动汽车等因素，传统汽车的全球二氧化碳排放量下降了近350万吨。越野车的排放量增加了500多万吨。)”可知，它可能会对空气质量产生有害的后果。故选A。
15．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bad news is that SUVs cntinued t grw in ppularity, t.（坏消息是suv的受欢迎程度也在持续增长。）、文章第二段“The grwing ppularity f SUVs is making it even harder t cut carbn dixide emissins and meet climate gals.（suv越来越受欢迎，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。）”和文章第七段““While the grwth in EVs is encuraging, the increase in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Glen Peters at the CICERO climate research centre in Nrway.（挪威西塞罗气候研究中心的格伦•彼得斯说:“虽然电动汽车的增长令人鼓舞，但SUV的增长却令人心碎。”）”可推知，SUV的购买应该减少。故选A。
16．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Even if it happens, switching t electric SUVs isn’t an ideal slutin. Due t their size and bigger batteries, it takes mre resurces t build electric SUVs, and they cnsume arund 15 percent mre electricity. Higher electricity demand makes it harder t green the electricity supply.（即使发生这种情况，换成电动SUV也不是一个理想的解决方案。由于它们的体积和更大的电池，制造电动SUV需要更多的资源，它们大约多消耗15%的电力。更高的电力需求使得环保电力供应变得更加困难。）”可推知，作者对于电动SUV持反对意见。故选B。
17．B
18．A
19．C
20．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了氢是一种理想的燃料，它与煤、石油和天然气相比所具有的优势以及它取代煤、石油和天然气所面临的困难和解决办法。
17．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Cal, il, and natural gas prduce carbn dixide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrgen prduces pure water.”(煤、石油和天然气产生二氧化碳，燃烧时会使地球变暖，而氢产生纯水。)可知，作为燃料，氢比石油具有的优点是它不太可能加剧全球变暖。故选B项。
18．
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“While in practice, things are trickier.”(而在实践中，情况就复杂多了。)及第二段最后一句“While a 700 bar tank is acceptable fr a city bus r a truck, adapting it fr use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling wuld be t great.”(虽然700巴的油箱可以用在城市公共汽车或卡车上，但要把它改装成适用于小型车辆却非常困难，因为加注过程中的压力太大了。)可知，第二段主要讲的是在小型车辆中使用氢作为燃料的实际困难。故选A项。
19．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段 “Refueling is very simple, as instead f ging t a filling statin, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new ne and refill the water tank.”(加油很简单，司机和乘客不需要去加油站，只需用一个新管子替换空管子，然后给水箱加水。)可知，作者提到了加油过程，说明给车辆加膏状氢燃料是很方便的。故选C项。
20．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后两句“Just because researchers have succeeded in develping a new fueling way des nt mean that we can expect t see such vehicles n the rad anytime sn. It will indeed be several years befre this cncept is turned int reality.”(仅仅是因为研究人员成功地开发出了一种新的加油方式并不意味着我们可以期待在短期内看到这样的车辆上路。实际上，这一概念要成为现实还需要数年的时间。)可知，作者呼吁读者要有耐心是因为这种新动力驱动的汽车的实际应用尚需时日，不会很快到来。故选B项。
21．C
22．C
23．D
24．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。
21．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话“The city requests drivers t register and license their vehicles t ensure accuntability (责任）. Bicyclists wh use public radways shuld be held accuntable, t.”可知，市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。由此可知，作者建议通过登记识别骑车人。故选C。
22．
推理判断题。根据第四段“ Sme peple might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Wuld yu require a six-year-ld rider t take a test and pay a fee?" Obviusly, the city culd determine an age when cycling wuld be cnsidered a "means f transprtatin n public rads." Other peple argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes dn't damage the radways as cars d. Bicycle registratin fees culd be cmparatively mdest, and the methd fr displaying a license number culd be simple.”（。有些人可能会说，“小孩子骑自行车。你会要求一个6岁的骑手参加考试并支付费用吗？”很明显，这个城市可以确定一个年龄，自行车将被视为“公共道路上的交通工具”。其他人认为自行车收费不公平，因为自行车不会像汽车那样损坏道路。自行车登记费可以相对较低，显示牌照号码的方法也可以很简单。）可知，作者描述第四段的目的是回应人们对骑自行车者问责的质疑。故选C。
23．
推理判断题。阅读第一段““The city requests drivers t register and license their vehicles t ensure accuntability (责任）. Bicyclists wh use public radways shuld be held accuntable, t.（市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。）”可知， 此处作者通过将汽车和自行车进行对比来支持自己的观点；根据最后一段“Many U.S. cities and twns nw implement bike registratin and licensing.（许多美国城市和乡镇现在实施自行车登记和发放牌照。）可知，作者也通过具体的例子来支持自己的观点。由此可知，作者在本文通过举例子和作比较的方式来支持自己的论点。故选D。
24．
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The grwing number f cyclists, hwever, brings this questin t mind: shuld bicyclists be required t share the respnsibilities f the rad? ”可知，越来越多的骑自行车的人提出了这样一个问题:骑自行车的人应该分担道路责任吗?由此可知，本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。所以短文的最佳标题为“骑自行车的人应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照吗”。故选B。
25．C
26．D
27．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是应用文。文章是关于孩子独自乘坐航班的指南。
25．
细节理解题。根据表格中最后一栏“6 t 15 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights r cnnecting flights.” “$120 fr cnnecting flights”可知，如果乘坐Frntier航空公司的航班，11岁的孩子独自乘坐转接航班，应该付120美元。故选C项。
26．
细节理解题。根据At the airprt部分中“Register yur child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can prvide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. ”可知，父母可以向美国国务院免费登记孩子的旅行计划，以供在紧急情况下提供帮助。故选D项。
27．
细节理解题。根据Befre the flight部分中“Try t bk a mrning flight. If it is delayed r canceled, yu have the rest f the day t make alternate planes.”可知，建议父母给孩子预订早上的航班。这样如果航班延误或取消，还会有时间来安排其他的航班。故选A项。
28．D
29．A
30．C
31．D
【解析】
【分析】
试题分析：由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机等等，这些交通方式速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼看风景，成为“无脚之人”，什么都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步――经历现实。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段后半部分可知，人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向21世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在21世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早晚外出都坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪电梯和直通山顶的路。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。因此推断人类学家给如今的人命名为“无脚的人”是应为人们越来越少的使用自己的脚。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，未来的历史书也许会记录下我们也失去了用眼的权利，由一个地方匆忙转向另一地方时，路上什么我们都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。因此推断现代交通工具让人们失去了用眼的权利。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话When yu travel at high speeds, the present means nthing: yu live mainly in the future because yu spend mst f yur time lking frward t arriving at sme ther place.可知，当你高速旅行时，现在就是零，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方，因此你总是生活在未来。真到了目的地，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。因此推断高速旅行的意思是人们总是集中在下一个目的。故选C。
31．写作目的题。纵观全文可知，文章一、二段分别讲述了现代旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段讲述人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活在现在，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验每一时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦和愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的回报。因此推断作者写文章的目的是告诉读者走路是旅行的最佳方式。故选D。
32．D
33．A
34．B
35．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 一种新型的、灵巧的 自行车。
32．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Netherlands n Mnday intrduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electrnic devices t help bring dwn the high accident rate amng elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad cuntry.(周一，荷兰推出了其首款智能自行车，配备了电子设备，以帮助降低这个热爱自行车的国家的老年自行车手的高事故率。)”可知，这种自行车是为了提高年龄较大的骑行者骑车的安全性。故选D。
33．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The saddle vibrates when ther cyclists apprach frm behind, while, the handlebars d the same when barriers appear ahead.(当其他骑自行车的人从后面靠近时，车座会振动，而当前方出现障碍物时，车把也会振动。)”可知，当另一个骑自行车的人突然出现在前面时，智能自行车的车把会震动。故选A。
34．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Last year, 184 cyclists died in the cuntry, f which 124, r 67%, were lder than 65, accrding t the Central Statistics Office. The year befre, 200 cyclists died, the majrity f victims als being elderly.(据中央统计局的数据，去年，中国有184名骑自行车者死亡，其中124人，即67%，年龄超过65岁。前年，有200名骑自行车的人死亡，其中大多数受害者也是老年人.)”可知，根据所给出的各种数据，老年骑自行车者的事故率很高，故选B。
35．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Netherlands n Mnday intrduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electrnic devices t help bring dwn the high accident rate amng elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad cuntry.(周一，荷兰推出了其首款智能自行车，配备了电子设备，以帮助降低这个热爱自行车的国家的老年自行车手的高事故率。)”以及纵观全文可知，，文章主要讲述的是新型的Smart Bicycle的一些特有的功能，故可知文章的题目应选C“一款只能自行车”。故选C。
Helpful tips fr children traveling alne
Airline
Age
Fee per child (each way).
Ntes
Air Tran
Airways
6 t 8 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights nly
$ 48 fr a nn-stp flight
Unaccmpanied children.
American
6 t 8 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights nly
$ 110
Flights fr unaccmpanied children cannt be bked nline.
British
Airways
7 t 15 years ld — can travel alne n cnnecting flights
$ 60 fr flights within UK
Flights fr unaccmpanied children cannt be bked nline.
Frntier
Airlines
6 t 15 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights r cnnecting flights
$ 60 fr nn-stp r direct flights
$120 fr cnnecting flights
Flights fr unaccmpanied children cannt be bked nline.
S the questin is: is it wrth it? Just hw much emissin reductin can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been dne t give us sme answers.
“A life cycle analysis f emissins cnsiders three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is t blame. “Emissins frm manufacturing EV batteries were estimated t be 3.2 tns f carbn dixide (CO2), 1/4 f thse frm an electric car, 13 tns f CO2. Thse were bigger than emissins frm gas cars, 10.5 tns f CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed t be 150,000 kilmeters, emissins frm the manufacturing phase f an electric car are higher than gas cars.”
In the use phase, the surce f electricity the cnsumer is using t pwer their car cmes int play in a majr way. “T understand hw the emissins f electric car vary with a cuntry’s renewable electricity share, cnsider Australia and New Zealand,” cntinues the reprt. “In 2018, Australia’s share f renewables in electricity was abut 21%. In cntrast, the number in New Zealand’s was abut 84%. Electric car emissins in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at abut 170g and 25g f CO2 per km respectively. As a cnsumer, ur car is nly as green as ur cuntry’s energy mix.”
Finally, in the recycling phase, we lk at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling, battery recycling, and material recvery. “The estimated emissins in this phase, based n a study, are abut 1.8 tns fr a gas car and 2.4 tns fr an electric car. This difference is mstly due t the emissins frm battery recycling, which is 0.7 tns,” shws in the reprt. “While electric cars cause mre greenhuse gas emissins than gas cars d, it's imprtant t nte the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This culd have significant emissins reductin benefits in the future. Fr cmplete life cycle emissins, the study shws that EV emissins are 18% lwer than gas cars.”
S here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re nt as green as we thught. There’s certainly rm fr imprvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the glbal energy transitin tward greener energy-prductin.
1．Why is a life cycle analysis f emissins made?
A．T illustrate the advantages f EVs.
B．T shw hw gas cars utperfrm EVs.
C．T weigh the envirnmental impact f EVs.
D．T examine the energy surces f gas cars and EVs.
2．Hw des the authr supprt the underlined statement in Paragraph 5?
A．By giving instructins.B．By highlighting features.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．Accrding t the passage, what cntributes t EVs’ beating gas cars?
A．Recycling f batteries.B．Overall driving distance.
C．Manufacturing technlgy.D．Gvernment’s energy plicy.
4．Which f the fllwing statements des the authr supprt?
A．EVs are wrthy f the praise they have received.
B．EVs are nt successful fr their envirnmental dwnsides.
C．EVs will n lnger be widely accepted fr their emissins.
D．EVs are nt truly green until their energy surces becme green.
The Chinese highspeed rails have a quality all n its wn, because it's s massive. There are mre than twice as many highspeed trains in China as the rest f the wrld cmbined.
Firstly, China's technlgy n building the railway is leading the rest f the wrld and there is n sign that any ther cuntry culd surpass China's psitin in the near future. Secndly, China's trains are based n Japanese, German and French mdels. At last, the scale f Chinese highspeed train is unthinkable t ther cuntries which has highspeed train netwrk. I had my first pprtunity t ride the highspeed trains last week when I had a business meeting in Zhengzhu. As smene wh grew up with a disdain fr public transprtatin, I was dreading the experience. I pushed hard t fly, but was tld that it wuld be much better if I tk the train. I had traveled n an Amtrak train befre in the US, and hated hw slw it was and hw many stps there were. Chinese highspeed trains are n a different level.
First, when I say they are highspeed, I mean they are highspeed. The trains are clean and the seats are huge. There are ample pwer utlets and yu can't even feel hw fast the train is mving. If there were n windws, I wuldn't be able t tell when we were stpped r when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smth. The terminal in Zhengzhu lked like yu culd fit a millin peple in it. It had shps and a fd curt and the trains wuld silently pull in and ut f the statin perfectly n schedule.
I'm traveling again this week by train and I'm excited. The highspeed trains are incredible.
5．Which f the fllwing is the characteristic f China highspeed rails？
A．China has the mst highspeed trains in the wrld.
B．N ther cuntry will surpass China in building the highspeed railway.
C．China makes highspeed trains all by itself.
D．China ranks first in the highspeed rails develpment frm the very beginning.
6．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2？
A．The authr likes t take public transprtatin.
B．The authr decided t take the trainat first.
C．The authr expected his first train experience in China.
D．America falls behind China in railway develpment.
7．What can we nt learn abut the authr's first rail trip in China？
A．The train run very fast and smthly.
B．It is cnvenient t get the cellphne charged n the train.
C．Zhengzhu statin is very huge.
D．Zhengzhu statin is an imprtant terminal.
8．What des the article mainly talk abut？
A．The authr's first train experience in China.
B．The advancement f China's highspeed trains.
C．The highspeed railway shuld be greatly develped in the wrld.
D．The imprtance f public transprtatin.
Urban planners may sn have a new way t measure traffic jams. By putting in the different rutes by which vehicles can travel between lcatins, researchers have develped a new cmputer algrithm (运算法则) that helps quantify regins f jams in urban areas and suggests ways arund them.
The study, published in the Jurnal f Physics: Cmplexity, used traffic speeds frm taxis in New Yrk City t demnstrate hw rad infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavir can create cmplex rad netwrks that differ amng cities.
The team apprached the issue by designing a cmputer algrithm t capture the tplgy-r relatinship between the different rutes between lcatins-f rad netwrks. “We fund that the mst significant traffic bttlenecks in Manhattan seem t arise as a result f the city’s structural layut,” said study c-authr Daniel Carmdy. “Fr example, the fact that a bridge enters Manhattan at a range where traffic is already limited due t Central Park slws traffic in the area cnsiderably.”
The researchers perfrmed a cmparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, t test if the algrithm wrks equally well in areas with different layuts. Manhattan has a lng and thin structure, while Chengdu is rund. There are significant differences in the way traffic mves between these tw different setups, the researchers said.
“The bttlenecks in Chengdu seem t arise due t the functin f the buildings in a particular area,” Carmdy said. “Fr example, it is hard t travel in and ut f the central business district in Chengdu because f the large amunt f traffic alne. Beltways, r faster streets arund busy areas, have emerged in circles arund this area, which is nt surprising because this feature was intentinally built int the city.”
In Manhattan, the bridges and underpasses that frm the entry and exit pints cause traffic slwdwns. Hwever, in lwer Manhattan, where drivers seem t bey the lwer psted speed limits, traffic mves mre smthly, frming a new traffic beltway with the suthern end f Central Park acting as a blck between lwer and central Manhattan.
“It surprised us that there is an emergent beltway in such a busy area f Manhattan,” Carmdy said. “This indicates that, unlike in Chengdu, beltways seem t arise frm driver behavir even when they aren’t part f the structural plan f a traffic netwrk.”
“The researchers have imagined that this technlgy culd give urban planners a means t quantify traffic patterns, leading t better traffic,” Carmdy said. “As methds f transprtatin develp, new prblems will emerge, and we hpe that ur tls will give planners new ways t measure what is ging n with city traffic.”
9．Accrding t the new study, what cntributes t traffic jams in Manhattan?
A．The number f bttlenecks and beltways.
B．The lcatin f bridges and underpasses.
C．Rad facilities and driver behavir.
D．Rad signs and urban ppulatin.
10．Researchers als studied Chengdu in rder t .
A．cmpare the layuts f the tw cities
B．find better infrastructure fr ne city
C．design traffic patterns with the algrithm
D．assess the effectiveness f the algrithm
11．Why d vehicles mve faster in lwer Manhattan?
A．Because f lwer psted speed limits.
B．Because drivers fllw the traffic rules.
C．Because it is planned in the traffic netwrk.
D．Because a beltway has emerged arund the area.
12．Wh is the target f this new cmputer algrithm?
A．City planners.
B．Slwer drivers.
C．Infrastructure develpers.
D．Rad sign designers.
The gd news is that mre peple bught electric cars in 2020. The bad news is that SUVs cntinued t grw in ppularity, t. The fall in il cnsumptin due t the first trend was cmpletely cancelled ut by the secnd, say Laura Czzi and Apstls Petrpuls at the Internatinal Energy Agency (IEA) in France.
The grwing ppularity f SUVs is making it even harder t cut carbn dixide emissins（排放）and meet climate gals. “Plicy-makers need t find ways t persuade cnsumers t chse smaller and mre efficient cars,” says Petrpuls.
Oil cnsumptin by cnventinal cars – nt including SUVs – is estimated t have fallen 10 percent in 2020, r by mre than 1.8 millin barrels（桶）a day, Czzi and Petrpuls say in a cmmentary published by the IEA n 15 January. Mst f this fall was due t reduced travel and is likely t be temprary.
But a small part f the drp, arund 40,000 barrels a day, was as a result f the increased share f electric vehicles (EVs). “We have seen a skyrcketing f glbal electric car sales in 2020,” says Petrpuls. Unfrtunately, the number f SUVs increased as well. While verall car sales fell in 2020, 42 percent f buyers chse SUVs, up arund three percentage pints frm 2019.
Glbally, there are nw mre than 280 millin SUVs being driven, up frm fewer than 50 millin in 2010. On average, SUVs cnsume 20 percent mre energy per kilmetre than a medium-sized car.
The increase in SUVs in 2020 led t a rise in il cnsumptin that cancelled ut the effect f electric cars, says Petrpuls. Much the same is true ver the past decade. Between 2010 and 2020, glbal CO2 emissins frm cnventinal cars fell by nearly 350 megatnnes, due t factrs such as fuel efficiency imprvements as well as the switch t electric cars. Emissins frm SUVs rse by mre than 500 megatnnes.
“While the grwth in EVs is encuraging, the increase in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Glen Peters at the CICERO climate research centre in Nrway.
There are many reasns fr the grwing ppularity f SUVs, says Petrpuls. Rising prsperity（繁荣）in many cuntries means mre peple are able t affrd them, fr instance. Sme peple see them as a symbl f scial psitin. SUVs are als heavily advertised by car-makers, he says, whse prfits are higher n these vehicles.
There are nw sme electric SUVs available. “Hpefully, in time, yu will see electric vehicles entering the SUV market,” says Peters.
Even if it happens, switching t electric SUVs isn’t an ideal slutin. Due t their size and bigger batteries, it takes mre resurces t build electric SUVs, and they cnsume arund 15 percent mre electricity. Higher electricity demand makes it harder t green the electricity supply.
13．Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the passage?
A．The SUVs driven in 2019 reached up t 280 millin.
B．Electric cars appeared a sharp decline in sales in 2020.
C．Buyers f SUVs in 2020 increased 42 percent than thse in 2019.
D．Glbal SUVs being driven nw are ver five times as many as thse in 2010.
14．Frm the increase f SUVs, we can infer ________.
A．it culd have harmful cnsequences fr the air quality
B．the il cnsumptin will increase and the price will fall
C．peple all ver the wrld are getting wealthier than befre
D．the car-makers think it’s unnecessary t advertise any mre
15．What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A．The purchases f SUVs shuld be reduced.
B．The SUVs shuld be discntinued immediately.
C．The awareness f using electric cars needs t be imprved.
D．Increasing electric cars can slve the prblem f il cnsumptin.
16．What’s the authr’s attitude t electric SUVs?
A．Uncncerned.B．Disapprving.
C．Supprtive.D．Uncertain.
On paper, hydrgen（H2）lks like a dream fuel. Cal, il, and natural gas prduce carbn dixide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrgen prduces pure water. Hydrgen packs mre energy int less space than a battery（but certainly less than petrl）. Als, empty tanks（燃料箱）can be refilled with hydrgen much faster than refilling empty batteries with electricity.
While in practice, things are trickier. String a meaningful amunt f hydrgen gas requires pressing it several hundred-fld. Changing it int the liquid frm is anther ptin, but it shuld be cled t-253C．Bth prcesses require a heavy and strng tank. While a 700 bar tank is acceptable fr a city bus r a truck, adapting it fr use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling wuld be t great.
The slutin? Pwerpaste.
A German team f researchers, led by Marcus Vgt, have cme up with an interesting "pwerpaste", which can stre hydrgen energy at atmspheric pressure, ready fr release when needed. It is s named because it cmes in tubes and lks like tthpaste（牙膏）, nt in its traditinal frm f gas.
The main ingredient（原料）f the paste is magnesium hydride, a substance that reacts with water t frm hydrgen. The escaped hydrgen can then be directed int a fuel cell, where it reacts with xygen frm the air t prduce electric pwer.
Refueling is very simple, as instead f ging t a filling statin, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new ne and refill the water tank.
Given that pwerpaste nly begins t break dwn at temperatures f arund 250℃ it remains safe even when a vehicle stands in the baking sun fr hurs.
Hwever, we will have t be patient. Just because researchers have succeeded in develping a new fueling way des nt mean that we can expect t see such vehicles n the rad anytime sn. It will indeed be several years befre this cncept is turned int reality.
17．As a fuel, what is the advantage f hydrgen ver il?
A．Refilling empty tanks will be mre cnvenient.
B．It is less likely t wrsen glbal warming
C．Mre energy can be packed in the same space.
D．It will prduce pure water fr peple t drink.
18．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The practical difficulties t use hydrgen as fuel in small vehicles.
B．The detailed prcesses f adapting a strng tank in small vehicles.
C．The differences in fueling between large vehicles and small nes.
D．The tricks f building strng tanks in small vehicles.
19．The authr mentins the refueling prcess t shw that pwerpaste is______________.
A．inexpensiveB．pwerfulC．cnvenientD．envirnment-friendly
20．Why des the authr call n the readers t be patient?
A．Pwerpaste-driven vehicles smetimes mve very slwly n the rad.
B．Practical use f pwerpaste-driven vehicles will nt cme very sn.
C．Pwerpaste-driven vehicles can nly wrk after being in the sun fr hurs
D．It will be years befre the researchers wrk ut the cncept f pwerpaste.
We are frtunate t live in a city that encurages bicycling as a means f transprtatin.Our lcal gvernment has prmted bicycling by imprving bike lanes and increasing the number f them. The grwing number f cyclists, hwever, brings this questin t mind: shuld bicyclists be required t share the respnsibilities f the rad? Autmbile drivers have t take cmpetency tests, fllw established regulatins, and accept punishment fr breaking rules. The city requests drivers t register and license their vehicles t ensure accuntability (责任）. Bicyclists wh use public radways shuld be held accuntable, t.
Let's lk at what sharing the rad means. Fr ne thing, it shuld invlve cst sharing.Aut registratin and license fees are used, in part, fr building and maintaining radways. It seems nly reasnable t ask bicyclists t cntribute t transprtatin funding as well.
Mre imprtantly,sharing the rad includes accuntability. When drivers ignre the rules f the rad, the plice and ther mtrists have the pprtunity t identify them by their license plate number and reprt their ffenses (违法行为）。 This isn't true fr bicyclists. I've seen bicyclists mving quickly between lanes.Because they shw n identificatin, they feel prtected by annymity(匿名）。What gd wuld it d t reprt t the plice “I saw a guy n a red bike blw thrugh the stplight"? The simple act f making bicyclists identifiable wuld encurage safer, mre respnsible riding.
Of curse,I've heard arguments against asking cyclists t register and license their bikes. Sme peple might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Wuld yu require a six-year-ld rider t take a test and pay a fee?" Obviusly, the city culd determine an age when cycling wuld be cnsidered a "means f transprtatin n public rads." Other peple argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes dn't damage the radways as cars d. Bicycle registratin fees culd be cmparatively mdest, and the methd fr displaying a license number culd be simple.
Many U.S. cities and twns nw implement bike registratin and licensing. A statute(法规）frm ne. Califrnia twn states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpse, antitheft and safety. I'm eager t see mre bicyclists n the rad, and I'm hping fr riders wh take their respnsibilities seriusly.
21．T advcate respnsible cycling, the authr suggests
A．increasing the number f bike lanes
B．giving cmpetency tests t all cyclists
C．identifying cyclists thrugh registratin
D．reprting cycling ffenses mre frequently
22．What is the authr's purpse in writing Paragraph 4?
A．T explain hw bicycle registratin and licensing wrk.
B．T prvide slutins t reduce irrespnsible cycling f kids.
C．T respnd t peple's dubts abut hlding cyclists accuntable.
D．T argue against requiring cyclists t register and license their bicycles.
23．What argumentative methds are used in this article?
① Using examples
② Quting prfessinals
③ Cmparing and cntrasting
④ Appealing t readers' emtins
A．①②
B．②④
C．③④
D．①③
24．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld we encurage mre cycling in the city?
B．Shuld cyclists register and license their bikes?
C．What des "sharing the rad" mean t cyclists?
D．Hw can rad safety be guaranteed fr cyclists?
Kids Flying Alne Guide
Befre the flight:Try t bk a mrning flight. If it is delayed r canceled, yu have the rest f the day t make alternate planes. Make sure yur child desn’t wear any clthing that has his r her name n it, which wuld make it easier fr a stranger t cnvince a child he can be trusted.
At the airprt:
Make sure the flight attendants knw that yur child is traveling alne. Make sure that he r she will be seated in an area f the aircraft that’s cnvenient fr attendants t keep an eye n — the very frnt f very back f the aircraft is ideal.
Register yur child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can prvide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.
What t pack:
Cell phne: If yur child desn’t have a cell phne, buy him r her a pay-as-yu-g phne at a cell phne retailer (零售店) s he r she has an easy frm f cmmunicatin fr emergencies.
Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards wrth $ 25 r $ 50, This will reduce the wrry f traveling with a large amunt f cash.
Family/ friends cntact infrmatin: Give yur child a cmplete list f names, numbers and addresses f the peple wh are picking yur child up at the airprt.
25．Hw much shuld yu pay if yur child aged eleven travels alne n a cnnecting flight by Frntier Airlines?
A．$ 50.B．$ 75.
C．$ 120.D．$ 160.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Juice r water can’t be brught nt the aircraft.
B．Unaccmpanied children can’t fly n the last flight f the day.
C．Pay-as-yu-g phnes are prvided fr free at the airprt fr children withut cell phnes.
D．Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department fr free.
27．Which f the fllwing is recmmended fr unaccmpanied children?
A．Bking them mrning flights.
B．Giving them a large amunt f cash.
C．Making them sit in the middle f the aircraft.
D．Dressing them in clthing with their names n it.
The past ages f man have all been carefully labeled by anthrplgists（人类学家）. Descriptins like “Palelithic(旧石器时代) Man”, “Nelithic(新石器时代) Man”, etc., neatly sum up whle perids. When the time cmes fr anthrplgists t turn their attentin t the twenty-first century, they will surely chse the label “Legless Man”. Histries f the time will g smething like this: “In the twenty-first century, peple frgt hw t use their legs. Men and wmen mved abut in cars, buses and trains frm a very early age. There were lifts in all large buildings t prevent peple frm walking. And the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went n hliday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and rads t the tp f every huge muntain. All the beauty spts n earth were ruined by the presence f large car parks.”
The future histry bks might als recrd that we lst the right f using ur eyes. In ur hurry t get frm ne place t anther, we failed t see anything n the way. Air travel gives yu a bird’s-eye view f the wrld r even less if the wing f the aircraft happens t get in yur way. When yu travel by car r train, the unclear picture f the cuntryside cnstantly slides ver the windw. When yu mentin the mst impressive place-names in the wrld, the typical 21st century traveler always says “I’ve been there.”—meaning “I drve thrugh it at 100 miles an hur n the way t smewhere else.”
When yu travel at high speeds, the present means nthing: yu live mainly in the future because yu spend mst f yur time lking frward t arriving at sme ther place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. Yu want t mve n again. By traveling like this, yu skip all experience. The traveler n ft, n the ther hand, lives in the present. Fr him traveling and arriving are ne and the same thing: he arrives smewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present mment with his eyes, his ears and the whle f his bdy. At the end f his jurney he feels a delicius physical tiredness. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward f all true travelers.
28．Anthrplgists name man nwadays “Legless Man” because _________.
A．peple prefer cars, buses and trains
B．peple travel withut using legs
C．lifts prevent peple frm walking
D．peple use their legs less and less
29．Accrding t the passage, what might make peple lse the right f using their eyes?
A．The mdern means f transprtatin.B．A bird’s-eye view f the wrld.
C．The unclear sight frm the vehicles.D．The fast-paced life style.
30．Frm the passage, we knw traveling at high speeds means _________.
A．appreciating beautiful sceneryB．experiencing life skills
C．fcusing n the next destinatinD．feeling physical tiredness
31．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Mdern transprtatin devices have replaced legs.
B．Traveling makes the wrld a small place.
C．Human’s histry develps very fast.
D．The best way t travel is n ft.
The Netherlands n Mnday intrduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electrnic devices t help bring dwn the high accident rate amng elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad cuntry．
Develped fr the gvernment by the Netherlands Organizatin fr Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle, runs n electricity．A cmmercial-available bicycle is expected t be n the market in the next tw years and shuld sell fr between 1, 700 t 3, 200 eurs per bicycle．
The devices n the bike are linked thrugh an nbard cmputer with a vibrating (震动的) warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars t warn cyclists f the cming danger.
The saddle vibrates when ther cyclists apprach frm behind, while, the handlebars d the same when barriers appear ahead．
“Accidents ften happen when cyclists lk behind them r get a fright when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, ne f TNO's research scientists invlved in the prject. “The nbard system technlgy has already been at wrk in the car industry,” he said.
“Mre and mre elderly peple are using a bicycle, nt nly fr shrt distances, but als fr lnger distances, ”Dutch Envirnment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen tld AFP. “This type f bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring dwn the number f elderly peple wh are injured every year and allw them t cntinue t enjy cycling, ”she said．
In the Netherlands, bicycles utnumber the ppulatin f 17 millin by at least ne millin and there are sme 25,000 km f bicycle path in the cuntry. Thse statistics are set t grw as mre and mre peple take t tw-wheeled transprt, leading t an increased risk f injury.
Last year, 184 cyclists died in the cuntry, f which 124, r 67%, were lder than 65, accrding t the Central Statistics Office. The year befre, 200 cyclists died, the majrity f victims als being elderly.
The current mdel weighs 25 kilgrams but researchers are wrking n making the nbard systems smaller.
32．The intelligent bicycle is aimed t ________．
A．prtect the envirnment
B．help reduce traffic pressure
C．ppularize the use f bicycles
D．imprve safety fr elderly cyclists
33．Which part f the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when anther cyclist was suddenly fund ahead ?
A．The handlebars.
B．The wheels.
C．The saddle.
D．The nbard cmputer.
34．We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A．the elderly ride bicycles wherever they g
B．the accident rate amng elderly cyclists is high
C．the number f elderly cyclists is decreasing
D．the elderly are planning t give up cycling
35．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．A Test Bicycle
B．Elderly Cyclists
C．A Smart Bicycle
D．A Bicycle-mad Cuntry
参考答案：
1．C
2．C
3．A
4．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。电动车更环保，但是只有电动汽车实现能源方面的绿色，才能实现真正的绿色。
1．
细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容及第三段“S the questin is: is it wrth it? Just hw much emissin reductin can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been dne t give us sme answers.”（所以问题是：这值得吗？ 电动汽车到底能减排多少呢？幸运的是，一个生命周期评估已经完成，给了我们一些答案。）可知，对排放进行生命周期分析是为了衡量电动汽车对环境的影响。故选C项。
2．
推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“In 2018, Australia’s share f renewables in electricity was abut 21%. In cntrast, the number in New Zealand’s was abut 84%. Electric car emissins in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at abut 170g and 25g f CO2 per km respectively.”（在2018年，澳大利亚可再生能源在电力中的份额约为21%。相比之下，新西兰的这一数字约为84%。据估计，澳大利亚和新西兰的电动汽车每公里排放的二氧化碳分别为170克和25克。）可知，作者通过作比较的方法来支持陈述“作为消费者，我们的汽车是否环保取决于我们国家的能源组合。”这一观点。故选C项。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“While electric cars cause mre greenhuse gas emissins than gas cars d, it's imprtant t nte the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This culd have significant emissins reductin benefits in the future. Fr cmplete life cycle emissins, the study shws that EV emissins are 18% lwer than gas cars.”（虽然电动汽车比汽油汽车排放更多的温室气体，但需要注意的是，回收电池可以用于后续电池。这可能在未来产生显著的减排效益。研究表明，在整个生命周期的排放中，电动汽车的排放量比汽油汽车低18%。）可知，电动汽车打败汽油汽车的原因是其电池的回收。故选A项。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“S here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re nt as green as we thught. There’s certainly rm fr imprvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the glbal energy transitin tward greener energy-prductin.”（所以结论是：电动汽车更环保。也许它们没有我们想的那么环保。当然还有改进的余地。但真正的挑战在于加快全球能源向绿色能源生产的转变。）可知，实现了能源方面的绿色，电动汽车才是真正绿色的。故选D项。
5．A
6．D
7．D
8．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身乘坐高铁的经历讲述了中国高铁的发展现状和先进性。
5．
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“There are mre than twice as many highspeed trains in China as the rest f the wrld cmbined.”（中国高铁的数量是世界其他地区高铁数量总和的两倍多）可知，中国的高铁数量是世界上最多的。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“I had traveled n an Amtrak train befre in the US, and hated hw slw it was and hw many stps there were. Chinese highspeed trains are n a different level.”（我以前在美国乘坐过美国铁路公司的火车，我讨厌它有多慢，停了多少站。中国的高铁处在不同的水平上。）可推知，美国的铁路发展不及中国，故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“If there were n windws, I wuldn't be able t tell when we were stpped r when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smth. ”（如果没有窗户，我都不知道火车是什么时候停下来的，还是以300公里/小时的速度行驶的——真是太平稳了。）可知A项The train run very fast and smthly.（火车开得又快又平稳。）正确；根据第三句“There are ample pwer utlets and yu can't even feel hw fast the train is mving.”（这里有充足的电源插座，你甚至感觉不到火车开得有多快。）可知B项It is cnvenient t get the cellphne charged n the train.（在火车上给手机充电很方便。）正确；根据第五句“The terminal in Zhengzhu lked like yu culd fit a millin peple in it.”（郑州站看起来可以容纳一百万人。）可知C项Zhengzhu statin is very huge.（郑州站很大）正确；D项Zhengzhu statin is an imprtant terminal.（郑州站是一个重要的终点站。）并未在本段提及。故选D。
8．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Chinese highspeed rails have a quality all n its wn, because it's s massive. There are mre than twice as many highspeed trains in China as the rest f the wrld cmbined.”（中国的高铁有其自身的质量，因为它是如此巨大。中国的高铁数量是世界其他地区总和的两倍多。）根据第二段“Firstly, China's technlgy n building the railway is leading the rest f the wrld and there is n sign that any ther cuntry culd surpass China's psitin in the near future.”（首先，中国的铁路建设技术领先世界其他国家，没有迹象表明任何其他国家可以在不久的将来超过中国的地位）可知，本章一开始就提到了中国高铁的先进发展，然后具体通过作者自己在中国第一次乘高铁的经历进一步证明中国高铁的先进之处，故选B。
9．C
10．D
11．B
12．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员开发出了一种新的计算机运算法则，该法则可以帮助城市规划者量化城市地区的拥堵区域，处理交通堵塞的问题。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in the Jurnal f Physics: Cmplexity, used traffic speeds frm taxis in New Yrk City t demnstrate hw rad infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavir can create cmplex rad netwrks that differ amng cities. (这项发表在《物理学杂志：复杂性》上的研究，利用纽约市出租车的交通速度，展示了道路基础设施和司机的行为是如何在不同城市中创造出复杂的道路网络的)”可知，根据这项新研究，是道路设施与驾驶员行为导致了曼哈顿的交通堵塞。故选C项。
10．
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers perfrmed a cmparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, t test if the algrithm wrks equally well in areas with different layuts. (研究人员利用中国成都的交通模式进行了对比分析，以测试该运算法则在不同布局的地区是否同样有效)”可知，研究人员也对成都进行了研究，以评估运算法则的有效性。故选D项。
11．
细节理解题。根据第六段中“Hwever, in lwer Manhattan, where drivers seem t bey the lwer psted speed limits, traffic mves mre smthly (然而，在曼哈顿下城，司机似乎遵守较低的限速，交通移动更平稳)”可知，因为司机遵守交通规则，所以曼哈顿下城的车辆跑得更快。故选B项。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Urban planners may sn have a new way t measure traffic jams. (城市规划者可能很快就会有一种处理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，这个新的计算机运算法则的目标人群是城市规划者。故选A项。
13．D
14．A
15．A
16．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了更多的人购买了电动汽车使得石油消费下降，然而SUV的受欢迎程度也在持续增长，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。
13．
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Glbally, there are nw mre than 280 millin SUVs being driven, up frm fewer than 50 millin in 2010.（在全球范围内，目前有超过2.8亿辆SUV被驾驶，而2010年这一数字还不到5000万辆。）”可知，目前全球SUV的使用量是2010年的5倍多。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The grwing ppularity f SUVs is making it even harder t cut carbn dixide emissins and meet climate gals.（SUV越来越受欢迎，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。）”和文章第六段“The increase in SUVs in 2020 led t a rise in il cnsumptin that cancelled ut the effect f electric cars, says Petrpuls… SUVs rse by mre than 500 megatnnes.( Petrpuls说，2020年SUV的增加导致了石油消耗的增加，抵消了电动汽车的影响。过去十年的情况也大致如此。从2010年到2020年，由于燃油效率的提高以及转向电动汽车等因素，传统汽车的全球二氧化碳排放量下降了近350万吨。越野车的排放量增加了500多万吨。)”可知，它可能会对空气质量产生有害的后果。故选A。
15．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bad news is that SUVs cntinued t grw in ppularity, t.（坏消息是suv的受欢迎程度也在持续增长。）、文章第二段“The grwing ppularity f SUVs is making it even harder t cut carbn dixide emissins and meet climate gals.（suv越来越受欢迎，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。）”和文章第七段““While the grwth in EVs is encuraging, the increase in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Glen Peters at the CICERO climate research centre in Nrway.（挪威西塞罗气候研究中心的格伦•彼得斯说:“虽然电动汽车的增长令人鼓舞，但SUV的增长却令人心碎。”）”可推知，SUV的购买应该减少。故选A。
16．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Even if it happens, switching t electric SUVs isn’t an ideal slutin. Due t their size and bigger batteries, it takes mre resurces t build electric SUVs, and they cnsume arund 15 percent mre electricity. Higher electricity demand makes it harder t green the electricity supply.（即使发生这种情况，换成电动SUV也不是一个理想的解决方案。由于它们的体积和更大的电池，制造电动SUV需要更多的资源，它们大约多消耗15%的电力。更高的电力需求使得环保电力供应变得更加困难。）”可推知，作者对于电动SUV持反对意见。故选B。
17．B
18．A
19．C
20．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了氢是一种理想的燃料，它与煤、石油和天然气相比所具有的优势以及它取代煤、石油和天然气所面临的困难和解决办法。
17．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Cal, il, and natural gas prduce carbn dixide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrgen prduces pure water.”(煤、石油和天然气产生二氧化碳，燃烧时会使地球变暖，而氢产生纯水。)可知，作为燃料，氢比石油具有的优点是它不太可能加剧全球变暖。故选B项。
18．
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“While in practice, things are trickier.”(而在实践中，情况就复杂多了。)及第二段最后一句“While a 700 bar tank is acceptable fr a city bus r a truck, adapting it fr use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling wuld be t great.”(虽然700巴的油箱可以用在城市公共汽车或卡车上，但要把它改装成适用于小型车辆却非常困难，因为加注过程中的压力太大了。)可知，第二段主要讲的是在小型车辆中使用氢作为燃料的实际困难。故选A项。
19．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段 “Refueling is very simple, as instead f ging t a filling statin, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new ne and refill the water tank.”(加油很简单，司机和乘客不需要去加油站，只需用一个新管子替换空管子，然后给水箱加水。)可知，作者提到了加油过程，说明给车辆加膏状氢燃料是很方便的。故选C项。
20．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后两句“Just because researchers have succeeded in develping a new fueling way des nt mean that we can expect t see such vehicles n the rad anytime sn. It will indeed be several years befre this cncept is turned int reality.”(仅仅是因为研究人员成功地开发出了一种新的加油方式并不意味着我们可以期待在短期内看到这样的车辆上路。实际上，这一概念要成为现实还需要数年的时间。)可知，作者呼吁读者要有耐心是因为这种新动力驱动的汽车的实际应用尚需时日，不会很快到来。故选B项。
21．C
22．C
23．D
24．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。
21．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话“The city requests drivers t register and license their vehicles t ensure accuntability (责任）. Bicyclists wh use public radways shuld be held accuntable, t.”可知，市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。由此可知，作者建议通过登记识别骑车人。故选C。
22．
推理判断题。根据第四段“ Sme peple might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Wuld yu require a six-year-ld rider t take a test and pay a fee?" Obviusly, the city culd determine an age when cycling wuld be cnsidered a "means f transprtatin n public rads." Other peple argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes dn't damage the radways as cars d. Bicycle registratin fees culd be cmparatively mdest, and the methd fr displaying a license number culd be simple.”（。有些人可能会说，“小孩子骑自行车。你会要求一个6岁的骑手参加考试并支付费用吗？”很明显，这个城市可以确定一个年龄，自行车将被视为“公共道路上的交通工具”。其他人认为自行车收费不公平，因为自行车不会像汽车那样损坏道路。自行车登记费可以相对较低，显示牌照号码的方法也可以很简单。）可知，作者描述第四段的目的是回应人们对骑自行车者问责的质疑。故选C。
23．
推理判断题。阅读第一段““The city requests drivers t register and license their vehicles t ensure accuntability (责任）. Bicyclists wh use public radways shuld be held accuntable, t.（市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。）”可知， 此处作者通过将汽车和自行车进行对比来支持自己的观点；根据最后一段“Many U.S. cities and twns nw implement bike registratin and licensing.（许多美国城市和乡镇现在实施自行车登记和发放牌照。）可知，作者也通过具体的例子来支持自己的观点。由此可知，作者在本文通过举例子和作比较的方式来支持自己的论点。故选D。
24．
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The grwing number f cyclists, hwever, brings this questin t mind: shuld bicyclists be required t share the respnsibilities f the rad? ”可知，越来越多的骑自行车的人提出了这样一个问题:骑自行车的人应该分担道路责任吗?由此可知，本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。所以短文的最佳标题为“骑自行车的人应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照吗”。故选B。
25．C
26．D
27．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是应用文。文章是关于孩子独自乘坐航班的指南。
25．
细节理解题。根据表格中最后一栏“6 t 15 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights r cnnecting flights.” “$120 fr cnnecting flights”可知，如果乘坐Frntier航空公司的航班，11岁的孩子独自乘坐转接航班，应该付120美元。故选C项。
26．
细节理解题。根据At the airprt部分中“Register yur child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can prvide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. ”可知，父母可以向美国国务院免费登记孩子的旅行计划，以供在紧急情况下提供帮助。故选D项。
27．
细节理解题。根据Befre the flight部分中“Try t bk a mrning flight. If it is delayed r canceled, yu have the rest f the day t make alternate planes.”可知，建议父母给孩子预订早上的航班。这样如果航班延误或取消，还会有时间来安排其他的航班。故选A项。
28．D
29．A
30．C
31．D
【解析】
【分析】
试题分析：由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机等等，这些交通方式速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼看风景，成为“无脚之人”，什么都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步――经历现实。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段后半部分可知，人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向21世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在21世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早晚外出都坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪电梯和直通山顶的路。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。因此推断人类学家给如今的人命名为“无脚的人”是应为人们越来越少的使用自己的脚。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，未来的历史书也许会记录下我们也失去了用眼的权利，由一个地方匆忙转向另一地方时，路上什么我们都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。因此推断现代交通工具让人们失去了用眼的权利。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话When yu travel at high speeds, the present means nthing: yu live mainly in the future because yu spend mst f yur time lking frward t arriving at sme ther place.可知，当你高速旅行时，现在就是零，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方，因此你总是生活在未来。真到了目的地，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。因此推断高速旅行的意思是人们总是集中在下一个目的。故选C。
31．写作目的题。纵观全文可知，文章一、二段分别讲述了现代旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段讲述人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活在现在，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验每一时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦和愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的回报。因此推断作者写文章的目的是告诉读者走路是旅行的最佳方式。故选D。
32．D
33．A
34．B
35．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 一种新型的、灵巧的 自行车。
32．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Netherlands n Mnday intrduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electrnic devices t help bring dwn the high accident rate amng elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad cuntry.(周一，荷兰推出了其首款智能自行车，配备了电子设备，以帮助降低这个热爱自行车的国家的老年自行车手的高事故率。)”可知，这种自行车是为了提高年龄较大的骑行者骑车的安全性。故选D。
33．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The saddle vibrates when ther cyclists apprach frm behind, while, the handlebars d the same when barriers appear ahead.(当其他骑自行车的人从后面靠近时，车座会振动，而当前方出现障碍物时，车把也会振动。)”可知，当另一个骑自行车的人突然出现在前面时，智能自行车的车把会震动。故选A。
34．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Last year, 184 cyclists died in the cuntry, f which 124, r 67%, were lder than 65, accrding t the Central Statistics Office. The year befre, 200 cyclists died, the majrity f victims als being elderly.(据中央统计局的数据，去年，中国有184名骑自行车者死亡，其中124人，即67%，年龄超过65岁。前年，有200名骑自行车的人死亡，其中大多数受害者也是老年人.)”可知，根据所给出的各种数据，老年骑自行车者的事故率很高，故选B。
35．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Netherlands n Mnday intrduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electrnic devices t help bring dwn the high accident rate amng elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad cuntry.(周一，荷兰推出了其首款智能自行车，配备了电子设备，以帮助降低这个热爱自行车的国家的老年自行车手的高事故率。)”以及纵观全文可知，，文章主要讲述的是新型的Smart Bicycle的一些特有的功能，故可知文章的题目应选C“一款只能自行车”。故选C。
Helpful tips fr children traveling alne
Airline
Age
Fee per child (each way).
Ntes
Air Tran
Airways
6 t 8 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights nly
$ 48 fr a nn-stp flight
Unaccmpanied children.
American
6 t 8 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights nly
$ 110
Flights fr unaccmpanied children cannt be bked nline.
British
Airways
7 t 15 years ld — can travel alne n cnnecting flights
$ 60 fr flights within UK
Flights fr unaccmpanied children cannt be bked nline.
Frntier
Airlines
6 t 15 years ld — nn-stp r direct flights r cnnecting flights
$ 60 fr nn-stp r direct flights
$120 fr cnnecting flights
Flights fr unaccmpanied children cannt be bked nline.
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