高考英语阅读理解分类训练：文化类

这是一份高考英语阅读理解分类训练：文化类，共21页。
A decades-ld idea called kin selectin can explain sme f this: if rganisms (生物) have enugh DNA in cmmn, then they can further their wn selfish genes by helping ne anther. Bees and ants have a system f reprductin which leaves clny members s clsely related that they act almst as a single super-rganism. And amng any sexually reprducing species, parental care helps individuals pass n their genes.
But kin selectin cannt explain why humans are s nice t strangers. One idea is that we have evlved t be super-cperative because, ver time, mre cperative grups have utcmpeted less cperative nes. But there generally isn’t enugh genetic variatin between grups t allw natural selectin t favr mre cperative nes.
Sme researchers think the slutin lies in an idea called cultural grup selectin. Frget shared genes, they argue. Selectin can favr cperative grups if the peple within them share enugh culture. The idea is cntrversial because t wrk it requires that grups remain culturally distinct. As critics pint ut, peple tend t migrate (迁移) between grups, which shuld hmgenize (使同质化) ideas and custms. Thse wh back the cncept cunter that grups have ways t maintain their distinct culture, including a prcess called nrm (准则) enfrcement. Put simply, if smene migrates int a new cultural grup, they are pressured int fllwing the lcal rules because failing t d s leads t punishment.
Earlier this year, Mathew and Handley at Arizna State University published a study testing the idea. They sampled 759 peple frm fur ethnic grups in Kenya wh cmpete intensively fr land, water and livestck. The pair estimated that genetic differences between individuals frm different grups was generally less than 15%. Cultural practices and beliefs varied much mre, by 10% t 20%. Peple cperated mst with members f their wn grup, as cultural grup selectin predicts, and t a lesser extent with members f ther grups whse nrms mst clsely matched their wn. That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is ne f the mst explicit tests f cultural grup selectin thery s far,” says Mathew.
Nt everyne is persuaded. Krasnw at Harvard University sees n theretical flaw with the idea, but says that sme f his research undermines it. He has fund that peple dn’t just enfrce the rules within their grup, but als punish peple frm ther grups wh fail t fllw their wn grup’s nrms. Mathew cunters that it is reasnable t enfrce the nrms n utsiders as a step twards incrprating (使并入) them int yur cultural grup. “This is ften hw empires expand,” she says.
1．The example f bees and ants is used t ________.
A．highlight the significant rle f reprductin
B．demnstrate the efficiency f a super-rganism
C．reveal why parents care abut their selfish genes
D．explain the cause f rganisms helping ne anther
2．Fr the idea f cultural grup selectin t wrk, a pre-cnditin is that ________.
A．cperative grups have a larger chance f survival
B．genetic variatins in the same cultural grup are small
C．cultural differences are weakened with peple migrating
D．cultural distinctiveness can be preserved with certain methds
3．The text is develped mainly thrugh ________.
A．srting infrmatin int different tpics
B．narrating events in time rder
C．presenting dubts and explring answers
D．discussing similarities and differences
4．We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A．culture plays a mre significant rle in chsing cperatrs
B．being selfish is f vital imprtance fr an individual t survive
C．Mathew’s study result cntradicts what cultural grup selectin predicts
D．peple jining a new grup will be punished fr nt keeping their wn culture
What cmes t mind when yu think f kung fu? If yur mind is filled with images f Shalin mnks, Bruce Lee, r Kung Fu Panda, yu wuldn't be wrng. But fr Laurence J. Brahm, an American dcumentary filmmaker, the first thing that springs t mind is the cncept f nn-vilence.
As Brahm explained, if yu break dwn the character "wu" it cnsists f tw characters: ne is "ge" meaning dagger-axe; the ther is"zhi" meaning t stp. S, the meaning f martial arts in Chinese is nt the art f fighting, a cncept that many peple take fr granted. On the cntrary, he said, kung fu is the art f stpping fighting.
Brahm's relatinship with kung fu dates back t the 1970s when he was a karate student in Hawaii. "My master always tld me that if yu want t fully understand karate, yu have t g t Shalin in China. That's where the rigin is, "Brahm said. In 1981,he managed t visit the Shalin Temple, situated at the ft f the Sngshan Muntain in Central China, fr the very first time. He left the muntain, a little disappinted at nt finding the martial-arts spirit he expected. But his passin fr kung fu and his desire t find ut mre were strnger than ever befre.
Over the years he trained in many different styles, such as tai chi, Wing Chun, Jeet Kune D t understand all f them. "Martial arts can help us cnnect ur bdy, cnnect ur neural system, cnnect ur bld flw, and als help cnnect us int ur envirnment t increase ur awareness. Martial arts is mving meditatin (冥想)," Brahm said, his eyes bright and intense.
But t him, kung fu's charm and values are far mre than that. He cmbined the knwledge frm many masters and schlars with his wn experience as a practitiner and tutr t extract 12 key principles and values f the martial arts: perseverance, rts, lyalty, respect, harmny, change, balance, centering, emptiness, flw, pragmatism, nn-vilence.
"Kung fu, in my eves, is a mirrr f Chinese culture.” Brahm said “The traditinal values f kung fu, actually, are in the minds f all Chinese peple.”
5．What des Paragraph 2 really want t tell us?
A．The character “ge” means “t stp”.
B．Kung fu is the “art f nn-vilence”.
C．The character “wu” cnsists f tw characters.
D．Martial arts in Chinese means the “art f fighting”.
6．Hw did Brahm manage t get the idea f kung fu’s values?
A．He visited the Shalin Temple in 1981.
B．He trained in many different styles ver the years.
C．His master tld him abut it when he was in Hawaii.
D．He jined his knwledge and his experience tgether.
7．Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Brahm?
A．Determined.B．Energetic.C．Cnfident.D．Friendly.
If Cnfucius(孔子)were still alive tday and culd celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there wuld be a lt f candles. He'd need a fan r a strng wind t help him put them ut.
While many peple in China will remember Cnfucius n his special day, few peple in the United States will give him a passing thught. It's nthing persnal. Mst Americans dn't even remember the birthdays f their wn natinal heres.
But this desn't mean that Americans dn't care abut Cnfucius. In many ways he has becme a bridge that freigners must crss if they want t reach a deeper understanding f China.
In the past tw decades, the Chinese studies prgrams have gained huge ppularity in Western universities. Mre recently, the Chinese gvernment has set up Cnfucius Institutes in mre than 80 cuntries. These schls teach bth Chinese language and culture. The main curses f Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, histry and
philsphy(哲学). Sme scial scientists suggest that Westerners shuld take advantage f the ancient Chinese wisdm t make up fr the drawbacks(缺陷)f Western philsphy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing t learn Chinese. S they will be ready fr life in a wrld where China is an equal pwer with the United States. Businessmen wh hpe t make mney in China are reading bks abut Cnfucius t understand their Chinese custmers.
S the ld thinker's ideas are still alive and well.
Tday China attracts the West mre than ever, and it will need mre teachers t intrduce Cnfucius and Chinese culture t the West.
As fr the ld thinker, he will nt sn be frgtten by peple in the West, even if his birthday is.
8．The pening paragraph is mainly intended t______________.
A．prvide sme key facts abut Cnfucius
B．attract the readers' interest in the subject
C．shw great respect fr the ancient thinker
D．prve the ppularity f mdem birthday celebratins
9．We can learn frm Paragraph 4 that American students___________.
A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
B．take an active part in Chinese cmpetitins
C．try t get high scres in Chinese exams
D．fight fr a chance t learn Chinese
10．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Frgtten Wisdm in America
B．Huge Fans f the Chinese Language
C．Chinese Culture fr Westerners
D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
11．The passage is likely t appear in__________.
A．a persnal bigraphyB．a histry paper
C．a cultural newspaperD．a philsphy textbk
Usually, when yur teacher asks a questin, there is nly ne crrect answer. But there is ne questin that has millins f crrect answers. That questin is “What’s yur name?” Everyne gives a different answer, but everyne is crrect.
Have yu ever wndered abut peple’s names? Where d they cme frm? What d they mean?
Peple’s first names, r given names, are chsen by their parents. Smetimes the name f a grandparent r ther member f the family is used. Sme parents chse the name f a well-knwn persn. A by culd be named Gerge Washingtn Smith; a girl culd be named Helen Keller Jnes.
Sme peple give their children names that mean gd things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “ne wh gives happiness”; Dnald means “wrld ruler”; Lenard means “as brave as a lin”.
The earliest last names, r surnames, were taken frm place names. A family with the name Brk r Brks prbably lived near a brk (小溪); smene wh was called Lngstreet prbably lived n a lng, paved rad. The Greenwd family lived in r near a leafy frest.
Other early surnames came frm peple’s ccupatins. The mst cmmn ccupatinal name is Smith, which means a persn wh makes things with irn r ther metals. In the past, smiths were very imprtant wrkers in every twn and village. Sme ther ccupatinal names are: Carter—a persn wh wned r drve a cart; Ptter—a persn wh made pts and pans.
The ancestrs f the Baker family prbably baked bread fr their neighbrs in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather prbably built huses and furniture.
Smetimes peple were knwn fr the clr f their hair r skin, r their size, r their special abilities. When there were tw men wh were named Jhn in the same village, the Jhn with gray hair prbably became Jhn Gray. Or the Jhn wh was very tall culd call himself Jhn Tallman. Jhn Fish was prbably an excellent swimmer and Jhn Lightft was prbably a fast runner r a gd dancer.
Sme family names were made by adding smething t the father’s name. English-speaking peple added –s r –sn. The Jhnsns are descendants f Jhn; the Rberts family’s ancestr was Rbert. Irish and Scttish peple added Mac r Mc r O. Perhaps all f the MacDnnells and the O’Dnnells are descendants f the same Dnnell.
12．Which f the fllwing aspects d the surnames in the passage NOT cver?
A．Places where peple lived.B．Peple’s characters.
C．Talents that peple pssessed.D．Peple’s ccupatins.
13．Accrding t the passage, the ancestrs f the Ptter family mst prbably _______.
A．wned r drve a cartB．made things with metals
C．made kitchen tls r cntainers.D．built huses and furniture.
14．Suppse an English cuple whse ancestrs lived near a leafy frest wanted their new-brn sn t becme a wrld leader, the baby might be named ________.
A．Beatrice SmithB．Lenard Carter
C．Gerge LngstreetD．Dnald Greenwd
Smetimes it’s hard t let g. Fr many British peple, that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry’s past-age-ld castles, splendid hmes… and red phne bxes.
Beaten first by the march f technlgy and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phne bxes representative f an age are nw making smething f a cmeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared n city streets and village greens husing tiny cafes, cellphne repair shps r even defibrillatr machines (除颤器).
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.
Abut that time, Tny Inglis’ engineering and transprt cmpany gt the jb t remve phne bxes frm the streets and sell them ut. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds f them himself, with the idea f repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls t preserve the bxes and had seen hw sme f them were listed as histric buildings.
As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle. Lcal rganizatins can adpt them fr l pund, and install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies.
Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities. LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
The tiny shps made ecnmic sense, accrding t Rbert Kerr, a funder f LveFne. He said that ne f the bxes generated arund $13,500 in revenue a mnth and cst nly abut $400 t rent.
Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last. “I like what they are t peple, and I enjy bringing things back,” he said.
15．The phne bxes are making a cmeback ______.
A．t frm a beautiful sight f the city
B．t imprve telecmmunicatins services
C．t remind peple f a histrical perid
D．t meet the requirement f green ecnmy
16．Why did the phne bxes begin t g ut f service in the 1980s?
A．They were nt well-designed.B．They prvided bad services.
C．They had t shrt a histry.D．They lst t new technlgies.
17．The phne bxes are becming ppular mainly because f ______.
A．their new appearance and lwer pricesB．the push f the lcal rganizatins
C．their changed rles and functinsD．the big funding f the businessmen
Many peple want t travel arund the wrld and enjy new cultures, especially the different festivals. There are festivals ging n smewhere in the wrld every day f the year. These range frm very large events which invlve whle cities t lcal celebratins in tiny villages r neighbrhds f twns r cities. We have selected a few f the mre unusual, clrful festivals frm arund the wrld. Yu can chse anyne yu like best!
The Millin Ringgit Charity Duck Race: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Thirteen years ag, Eric Schechter and his friends were brainstrming t find new ways f raising mney fr lcal charities when they came up with the idea f rubber duck races. The event, crazy as it may sund, invlves racing "cl" rubber ducks dwn a lcal waterway and having members f the cmmunity "adpt" the ducks fr a chance t win valuable dnated prizes, pssibly even $1 millin bucks.
La Tmatina: Bunl, Spain
"The tmat battle is in hnr f Saint Luis Beltran, the patrn saint f Bunl. Residents and visitrs take part in a tmat-thrwing battle that decimates mre than 88,000 punds f tmates. This crazy event began with a serius aim as a symblic prtest against Franc. But the Tmatina is nw celebrated as an amusing way t end the summer."
Mighty Mud Mania: Scttsdale, Arizna, USA
"Children's dreams really d cme true in the City f Scttsdale. Children aged 1 t 13, get t participate in a mud race t end all mud races. During the running f the Mighty Mud Obstacle(泥坑) curse, several mud pits strategically placed, prvide wet and really dirty bstacles as kids cmpete fr the fastest time in each heat. There are als mud puddle pls fr the tiny tts, and a mini mud curse fr thse six and yunger. In additin, Mighty Mudway features water and mud games. There are als water slides, sandcastle buildings and fun fr all ages. Mms and dads, remember t send yur kids ut with ld clthes and shes. And have n fear, Rural Metr Fire Department is n hand t ffer plenty f water fr the muddy children."
Canberra Sled Dg Classic: Canberra, Australian Capital Territry, Australia
Dg sledding is ne f the fastest grwing sprts n the east cast f Australia. As there's n snw (the trail is earth and sand and is smth and wide with a few hills and turns), the sleds have wheels instead f runners, but the excitement is the same.
18．Which f the fllwing means the summer is ver?
A．Mighty Mud Mania.B．La Tmatina.
C．Canberra Sled Dg Classic.D．The Millin Ringgit Charity Duck Race.
19．What can yu enjy in all the fur festivals mentined?
A．Fantastic activities.B．Beautiful beaches.
C．Delicius fd.D．Amazing sceneries.
20．The main purpse f the passage is t _______.
A．share persnal experiencesB．cmpare cultures in different cuntries
C．intrduce favrable festivalsD．ffer practical tips n chsing activities
Welcme t Edinburgh, the wrld's leading festival city.
Edinburgh Internatinal Science Festival
Time: 6 April t 20 April
Edinburgh Internatinal Science Festival, funded in 1983, is the wrld's first public science festival. The tw-week festival gives audiences amazing experiences thrugh a diverse prgram f inspiring events. Alngside the annual festival in Edinburgh, the rganizatin has a strng fcus n educatin and runs a turing prgram that visits schls arund Sctland thrughut the year.
Edinburgh Internatinal Bk Festival
Time: 10 August t 20 August
Edinburgh Internatinal Bk Festival is the largest public celebratin f the written wrd in the wrld, which was first held in 1997. Every August arund 1,000 writers and thinkers frm acrss the wrld gather with the audiences in Edinburg. Here bk lvers can rub shulders with wrld-renwned authrs --- r just relax in the sunshine with a deckchair, a drink and a favrite read.
Scttish Internatinal Strytelling Festival
Time: 19 Octber t 31 Octber
Beginning in 1989, the Scttish Internatinal Strytelling Festival is the largest strytelling event in the wrld. Drawing heavily n traditinal tale-tellers frm Sctland — as well as internatinal guests with stries frm their wn cultures, the festival is a very special celebratin f the ral traditin. Skilled strytellers draw their audiences in, bringing tgether past and present, real and unreal, fr an attractive 10 days.
Edinburgh Internatinal Children's Festival
Time: 25 May t 2 June
Edinburgh Internatinal Children's Festival is the ne dedicated specifically t children. It brings sme f the wrld's best theatre, dance and plays made fr yung peple t Edinburgh fr nine days f inspiring and entertaining shws and special events. The Festival began in 1980 and is nw spread ver 10 activity fields, attracting a lyal audience f 10,000 families, schls and artists.
21．What is the duratin f Edinburgh Internatinal Science Festival?
A．Abut ne week.B．Less than 10 days.
C．Abut tw weeks.D．Mre than half a mnth.
22．What can the turists d in Edinburgh Internatinal Bk Festival?
A．Meet wrld-famus authrs.B．Buy all their favrite bks.
C．Relax by listening t stries.D．Share stries with audiences.
23．Which festival has the lngest histry?
A．Edinburgh Internatinal Science Festival.
B．Edinburgh Internatinal Bk Festival.
C．Scttish Internatinal Strytelling Festival.
D．Edinburgh Internatinal Children's Festival.
USA TODAY 10Best's Readers Chice Awards are currently n hld.We asked ur readers t vte fr the tp events acrss six categries:music,general fd,specialty fd,film,cultural and emerging industries(funded in the past five years).These are sme f the winners:
Kutztwn Flk Festival
The nine-day Kutztwn Flk Festival is the natin's ldest cntinuusly perated flk life festival,drawing visitrs frm arund the glbe.A celebratin f Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and flk artists,lcal fd and family friendly entertainment.
Water Lantern Festival
The Water Lantern Festival is all abut cnnectins.Magical nights in cities acrss the US include fd,live music and the beauty f thusands f lanterns decrated with letters f lve, hpe and dreams flating n the water.
Carnaval f Quebec
The Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival f winter,the wrld's largest,cmplete with nighl parades(庆祝游行），ice skating,snw sculptures and a twering ice palace.Other highlighls include ice cane racing,a sugar shack and icnic Caribu drinks.
San Francisc Chinese New Year Parade
San Francisc has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade since just after the Gld Rush.The parade ranks amng the best in the wrld, with 100 units,fancy cstumes,firewrks and a 268-ft Glden Dragn,which takes a team f 100 men and wmen t march thrugh the streets.It has becme ne f the largest events f its kind in the wrld,drawing sme three millin spectatrs and televisin viewers.
24．What can yu see during Kutztwn Flk Festival?
A．Mdern arts.
B．Quilts fr sale.
C．Traditinal weddings.
D．Shws n stage.
25．Which festival is meant t prmte interpersnal relatinships?
A．Kutztwn Flk Festival.
B．Carnaval f Quebec.
C．Water Lantern Festival.
D．San Francisc Chinese New Year Parade.
26．Carnaval f Quebec and San Francisc Chinese New Year Parade bth...
A．include special fd
B．relate t parades
C．take place nly at nights
D．have sculpture exhibitins
In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village f Istabl Antar uncvered a mass tmb. The bdies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in hles in astnishing numbers. “Nt ne r tw here and there”, reprted English Illustrated Magazine, “but dzens, hundreds, hundreds f thusands, a layer f them, a layer thicker than mst cal jints, ten t twenty cats deep.” Sme f the linen-wrapped cats still lked presentable, and a few even had glden faces. Village children peddled the best nes t turists fr change; the rest were sld as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transprted abut 180,000, weighing sme 38, 000 punds, t Liverpl t be spread n the fields f England.
Thse were the days f generusly funded (资助的) explratins—that dragged thrugh acres f desert in their quest fr ryal tmbs, and fr splendid gld and painted masks t decrate the museums f Eurpe and America. The many thusands f mummified animals that turned up at religius sites thrughut Egypt were just things t be cleared away t get treasure. Few peple studied them, and their imprtance was generally unrecgnized.
In the century since then, archaelgy (考古学) has becme less f a treasure hunt and mre f a science. Archaelgists nw realize that much f their sites’ wealth lies in the majrity f details abut rdinary flks—what they did, what they thught, hw they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part f that.
“They’re really displays f daily life,” says Egyptlgist Salima Ikram. After lking beneath bandages with x-rays and catalguing her findings, she created a gallery fr the cllectin—a bridge between peple tday and thse f lng ag. “Yu lk at these mummified animals, and suddenly yu say, Oh, King S-and-S had a pet. I have a pet. And instead f being at a distance f 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians becme clearer and clser t us.”
27．The underlined wrd “peddled” in Paragraph 1 prbably means .
A．examinedB．displayed
C．replacedD．shared
28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Treasure hunting explratins.B．Egyptian Ryal tmbs in desert.
C．Mummified animals in museums.D．Big archaelgical discveries.
29．Frm the last paragraph, we can learn that Salima Ikram .
A．wishes t keep the cntinuity f pets ver histry
B．wants t identify the King’s persnal belngings and classify them
C．believes that studying the remains can help mdern sciety relate t the past
D．dubts if current sciety will understand the significance f Egyptian remains
30．The passage prbably encurages the readers t .
A．make full use f the remains the ancestrs left behind
B．becme mre sensitive t the ancient lifestyle f the ancestrs
C．pay mre attentin t the histrical and cultural value f ancient remains
D．understand there are mre the histrical remains waiting fr explratins
参考答案：
1．D
2．D
3．C
4．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过提出疑问和探索答案来阐述文化在选择合作者时起着更重要的作用的观点。
1．
推理判断题。根据第二段“A decades-ld idea called kin selectin can explain sme f this: if rganisms (生物) have enugh DNA in cmmn, then they can further their wn selfish genes by helping ne anther.”（一个几十年前被称为“亲缘选择”的想法可以部分解释这一现象:如果生物体有足够多的共同DNA，那么它们可以通过帮助彼此来进一步发展自己自私的基因。）可推断，蜜蜂和蚂蚁的例子被用来解释生物体互相帮助的原因。故选D项。
2．
细节理解题。根据第四段“The idea is cntrversial because t wrk it requires that grups remain culturally distinct.”（这个想法是有争议的，因为它要求各个群体保持文化差异。）可知，文化群体选择的理念能够发挥作用的前提是文化的特殊性能够通过一定的方法得以保留。故选D项。
3．
推理判断题。根据第三段“But kin selectin cannt explain why humans are s nice t strangers.”（但是亲缘选择不能解释为什么人类对陌生人如此友好。）第四段“Sme researchers think the slutin lies in an idea called cultural grup selectin.”（一些研究人员认为解决办法在于一种叫做文化群体选择的想法。）以及最后一段“Nt everyne is persuaded.”（并不是每个人都被说服了。）可推断，文章主要通过提出疑问和探索答案来发展的。故选C项。
4．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is ne f the mst explicit tests f cultural grup selectin thery s far,” says Mathew.”（如果重要的是文化而不是基因，那就说得通了。“我认为这是迄今为止对文化群体选择理论最明确的测试之一，”马修说。）可知，文化在选择合作者时起着更重要的作用。故选A项。
5．B
6．D
7．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个美国纪录片导演Brahm对于中国武术的热爱与研究、对中国武术与众不同的理解与感悟，他认为中国武术不是打仗的艺术，而是终止打斗的艺术。
5．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“S, the meaning f martial arts in Chinese is nt the art f fighting, a cncept that many peple take fr granted. On the cntrary, he said, kung fu is the art f stpping fighting.(所以，武术在中国的意义并不是打斗的艺术，一个许多人认为理所当然的概念。相反，他说，功夫是停止打斗的艺术)”可知，Brahm通过对汉字“武”的理解，得出结论：功夫是停止打斗的艺术。B项“中国功夫是非暴力的艺术”，符合题意。故选B项。
6．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He cmbined the knwledge frm many masters and schlars with his wn experience as a practitiner and tutr t extract 12 key principles and values f the martial arts: perseverance, rts, lyalty, respect, harmny, change, balance, centering, emptiness, flw, pragmatism, nn-vilence.(他结合了许多大师和学者的知识和自己作为练习者和导师的经验，提炼出12个关键的原则和价值：坚持、根、忠诚、尊重、和谐、变化、平衡、定心、空、流动、实用主义、非暴力)”可知，他的中国武术观是融合了所学知识与自己亲身体验总结出来的。故选D项。
7．
推理判断题。根据第三段 “In 1981,he managed t visit the Shalin Temple, situated at the ft f the Sngshan Muntain in Central China, fr the very first time. He left the muntain, a little disappinted at nt finding the martial-arts spirit he expected. But his passin fr kung fu and his desire t find ut mre were strnger than ever befre.(1981年，他第一次设法到了位于中国中部嵩山脚下的少林寺。他离开了那座山，有点失望，因为没有找到他所期待的武术精神。但他对功夫的热情和探索更多的渴望比以往任何时候都要强烈) ”以及第四段 “Over the years he trained in many different styles, such as tai chi, Wing Chun, Jeet Kune D t understand all f them. (多年来，他训练了许多不同的风格，如太极，咏春，截拳道，以了解所有这些)”可知，Brahm从接触中国武术，毕生都在对其进行探索，实践，热情从未减退。故选A项。
8．B
9．A
10．D
11．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了西方学生热烈学习中国文化的现象，并告诉我们中国古代伟大的思想家——孔子的思想仍然受到人们的追捧。
8．
推理判断题。根据第一段“If Cnfucius(孔子) were still alive tday and culd celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there wuld be a lt f candles. He’d need a strng wind t help him put them ut.(如果孔子仍然活着并能用一个很大的蛋糕庆祝他9月28日的生日的话，将会有很多的蜡烛。他需要很大的风才能吹灭)”可知，作者是以孔子生日这个话题，吸引读者的兴趣，引出本文要讨论的真正话题。故选B。
9．
推理判断题。根据第四段中的In the past tw decades, the Chinese studies prgrams have gained huge ppularity in Western universities.(在过去的20年里，中国的研究项目在西方大学里非常受欢迎)和Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing t learn Chinese.(与此同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文)可知，美国学生对中国文化很感兴趣。故选A。
10．
主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响，以及将来可能产生的影响。由此可知，D项Old Thinker with a Big Future(前程远大的老思想家)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。文章主要讲的是中国的思想家孔子及其所代表的东方文化仍然被西方所推崇，而并没有讲孔子这个人具体如何，也没有谈及历史或者哲学内容，由此可推断这篇文章更可能出现在报纸上，故正确答案为C。
12．B
13．C
14．D
【解析】
【分析】
本身说明文。你知道人类名字的来源和意义吗？ 人的名字由他们的父母选择。有时用祖父母或者其他的家庭成员的名字。一些家长选择一个著名的人的名字。有些人给他们的孩子的名字的意思是美好的东西。 最早的姓氏来自地名。 其他早期的姓氏来自人们的工作。人们有时会用一些人的头发和皮肤的颜色，或个头大小，或其特殊能力特点来命名。孩子通过给父姓添加一些什么得来。说英语的人加–s或–sn。 爱尔兰和苏格兰人加Mac 或者Mc或者O。
12．推理判断题。根据文中介绍可知，最早的姓氏来自1.人们生活的地点；2.人们的工作；3.与他们的特殊能力有关。没说人的姓与人的性格有关。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据Ptter—a persn wh made pts and pans.（Ptter是一个制作锅的人） 可知，波特家族的祖先很可能制作厨房工具或容器。故选C 。
14．推理判断题。根据The Greenwd family lived in r near a leafy frest.和Dnald means “wrld ruler”可知，如果一对夫妇他们的祖先住在茂密的森林附近，想让他们新出生的孩子将来成为一个“世界的统治者”，那么叫Dnald Greenwd最合适，所以选D。
15．C
16．D
17．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来，一些商人使电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化，电话亭又变得流行起来。
15．
细节理解题。根据第一段Smetimes it’s hard t let g. Fr many British peple, that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry’s past-age-ld castles, splendid hmes.. and red phne bxes.(有时候真的很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去历史的机构和物品--古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅……还有红色的电话亭)和最后一段Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last.(英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代)可知，电话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。
16．
细节理解题。根据第三段After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.(在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。
17．
推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.(随着英格利斯和后来的其他商人开始工作，改装后的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色)和第六段In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle.(在农村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用)以及第七段Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities.(其他人也在电话亭寻找商机)可推断出，电话亭之所以变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。
18．B
19．A
20．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的四个节日。
18．
细节理解题。根据La Tmatina: Bunl, Spain这一小标题下最后一句But the Tmatina is nw celebrated as an amusing way t end the summer. （但是 Tmatina现在被当作一种结束夏天的有趣方式来庆祝。）可知，现在Tmatina已经作为庆祝结束夏天结束的一种有趣方式了。这里的end the summer和题干中summer is ver进行了替换。故此题选B。
19．
推理判断题。根据文章Eric Schechter and his friends were brainstrming t find new ways f raising mney fr lcal charities when they came up with the idea f rubber duck races. 可知，第一个节日有橡胶鸭子赛跑活动。根据文章The tmat battle is in hnr f Saint Luis Beltran可知，第二个节日有番茄大战。根据文章During the running f the Mighty Mud Obstacle(泥坑) curse可知，第三个节日有泥浆赛跑。根据文章Dg sledding is ne f the fastest grwing sprts n the east cast f Australia.可知第四个节日有狗拉雪橇活动。所以四个节日的共同特点就是有精彩的活动。故此题选A。
20．
推理判断题。文章第一自然段We have selected a few f the mre unusual, clrful festivals frm arund the wrld. Yu can chse anyne yu like best!（我们从世界各地挑选了一些更不寻常、更丰富多彩的节日。你可以选择你最喜欢的节日!）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍一些精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的节日。故此题选C。
21．C
22．A
23．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在爱丁堡举行的四项节日活动。
21．
细节理解题。根据Edinburgh Internatinal Science Festival Time: 6 April t 20 April可知，这个节日持续时间大约为两周。故选C。
22．
细节理解题。根据Edinburgh Internatinal Bk Festival中的Here bk lvers can rub shulders with wrld-renwned authrs(在这里，书迷们可以与世界著名的作家们亲密接触。)可知，在爱丁堡国际图书节游客可以接触到一些著名作家。故选A。
23．
细节理解题。根据四个节日的起始时间可知，最早的是Edinburgh Internatinal Children’s Festival。故选D。
24．B
25．C
26．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《今日美国》评选的十佳读者选择奖，列举了几个榜上有名的重大事件和活动。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A celebratin f Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and flk artists,lcal fd and family friendly entertainment.”可知，在这一节庆活动中包括全美最大型的被子展销。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Water Lantern Festival is all abut cnnectins.Magical nights in cities acrss the US include fd,live music and the beauty f thusands f lanterns decrated with letters f lve, hpe and dreams flating n the water.”可知，这一节庆活动中，人们可以通过灯笼来传达各种感情，借此增进人与人之间的联系。故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“the wrld's largest,cmplete with nighl parades(庆祝游行）”和第五段中“San Francisc has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade”可知，两个事件中都有游行活动。故选B项。
27．B
28．A
29．C
30．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。考古学家们认为考古学已不再是一种寻宝活动，而更像是一门科学。通过研究古代人的遗迹，可以了解他们的日常生活。考古是连接现代人和很久以前的人的之间的桥梁。
27．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的部分“…t turists fr change” 可知，村里的孩子们把最好的猫的木乃伊给游客以换取零钱；因此可以推测，“peddle”意思为“兜售”，即向他人展示从而售出。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“Thse were the days f generusly funded (资助的) explratins—that dragged thrugh acres f desert in their quest fr ryal tmbs, and fr splendid gld and painted masks t decrate the museums f Eurpe and America.” 那一段时间，人们花大价钱寻宝。人们跨越沙漠探险，为了寻找皇家皇陵，寻找华丽的黄金面具来装饰欧洲和美洲的博物馆。因此可以推断，第二段主要讲述古代人们寻宝探险。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中she created a gallery fr the cllectin—a bridge between peple tday and thse f lng ag. 以及最后一句And instead f being at a distance f 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians becme clearer and clser t us.可知埃及古物学家Salima Ikram 把她的收藏品创建了一个画廊，她认为这个画廊是一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的之间桥梁。这些收藏品让人们感觉古代人的生活离我们很近。因此可以推断，她认为研究这些遗迹有助于把现代社会和过去联系在一起。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段中archaelgy (考古学) has becme less f a treasure hunt and mre f a science.”和第四段中They’re really displays f daily life以及下文内容可知，考古学家们认为考古更多的是一门科学；木乃伊是古埃及人日常生活的展示。研究这些遗骸是了解他们的途径，有助于在现代社会与过去之间建立一座桥梁。因此这篇文章可能鼓励读者要重视古代遗迹的历史文化价值。故选C项。