上海高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解

这是一份上海高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解，共20页。
Of curse, whether autmatin is a net psitive fr wrkers in restaurants, and nt just a cmpetitive advantage fr ne chain ver anther (mre business fr machine-enabled Panera, less fr the Luddites at the lcal deli), will depend n whether an imprved custmer experience makes Americans mre likely t dine ut, rather than brwn-bagging it.
That culd be the case. James Bessen, an ecnmist at Bstn University Schl f Law, fund that as the number f ATMs in America increased fivefld frm 1990 t 2010, the number f bank tellers (出纳员) als grew. Bessen believes that ATMs drve demand fr cnsumer banking: N lnger restricted by a branch’s limited hurs, cnsumers used banking services mre frequently, and peple wh were unbanked pened accunts t take advantage f the new technlgy. Althugh each branch emplyed fewer tellers, banks added mre branches, s the number f tellers grew verall. And as machines tk ver many basic cash-handling tasks, the nature f the tellers’ jb changed. They were nw tasked with talking t custmers abut prducts---a certificate f depsit, an aut lan---which in turn made them mre valuable t their emplyers. “It’s nt clear that autmatin in the restaurant industry will lead t jb lsses,” said Bessen.
1．What can be learned abut wrkers in fd preparatin and service-related ccupatins frm the first paragraph?
A．They are nt fully infrmed f the develpment f technlgy.
B．Mst f them culd hardly affrd t g t cllege while yung.
C．Their educatin may nt prevent them being replaced by rbts.
D．They have nt been aware f the ptential impact f autmatin.
2．What can be cncluded frm paragraph 2?
A．Autmatin can d gd t emplyment rate.
B．Efficiency decreases with the increase f sales.
C．Custmer demand is nt easy t fulfill these days.
D．Starbucks ffered the mst psitins in the year f 2016.
3．What can be inferred frm paragraph 3 abut the Luddites?
A．It used t be much mre ppular than Panera.
B．It hasn’t intrduced autmatin int its business.
C．It hasn’t tried t imprve custmer experience.
D．It used t prvide custmers with brwn bags.
4．Why is the stry f ATMs mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T describe hw tellers’ tasks changed.
B．T shw that autmatin may nt cause jb lsses.
C．T explain why we shuld take advantage f technlgy.
D．T suggest what emplyees can d t make themselves mre valuable.
While many f ur friends are n hliday in freign places this summer, ur family will be staying at hme t get away frm it all, as we have dne fr the last five years. We generally just wander abut at hme and catch up with sme reading. The kids are ld enugh t g ff n their wn and ften g t the lcal park r pen-air pl. When we have visitrs, we might g n the day trip smewhere. On the whle, thugh, we dn’t bther ging much beynd ur lcal area. It’s a pattern we’re ging t stick t fr the freseeable future fr a number f reasns.
First and fremst, it’s just much mre relaxing. Yu dn’t have any f the incnveniences and annyances which are s ften assciated with travelling. And that’s nt t mentin the kids asking ‘Are we there yet?’ every tw minutes r ‘D we HAVE t g t the museum?’ Hnestly, there’s nthing like dragging a cuple f teenagers rund sme Rman remains t put yu ff that kind f thing fr life. All these wuld inevitably wind me up, which in turn wuld lead t a quarrel where I wuld cmplain abut hw ungrateful they were, and hw anyne else wuld leap at the chance t see the places we were taking them, and then I’d threaten them that next time we’d just stay at hme! Well, finally I carried ut the threat—and everyne’s far, far happier!
If the truth be tld, I can’t say I ever really enjyed ging sightseeing anyway. I think we were ging n hliday simply ut f habit and ging sightseeing ut f sme weird sense f duty. I felt it was what yu ught t d when yu g abrad and that it wuld be educatin fr the kids. Mst f the time, thugh, these places actually just left me cld. Even the really big mnuments, which are genuinely impressive, didn’t mve me in the way I expected. Take the Pyramids. I’d always wanted t g and see them. I’d imagined myself traveling thrugh the desert n a camel t reach them, the sun beating dwn n my back. The reality, when I finally went there, was that I nly had t walk thrugh the streets f Cair in a taxi t reach them. While they are hugely impressive achievements f engineering, yu have t battle with crwds f turists t get anywhere near them, fighting ff the crwds f lcals as they shut fr business, persuading yu t change mney r t take a camel ride. I dn’t blame these peple—they’re just trying t earn a living—but frankly, I culd’ve dne withut it and, fr me at least, it meant the Pyramids didn’t live up t my expectatins.
5．What d the writer and her family plan t d fr hliday this summer?
A．T stay at hme.B．T visit lcal parks.
C．T g n sme trips.D．T see sme friends.
6．Which f the fllwing annyed the writer mst while traveling with her family?
A．She spent t much time n the way.B．She was threatened with n mre trips.
C．Her kids didn’t enjy the sightseeing at all.D．Her kids weren’t grateful fr what they had.
7．The writer mentined the Pyramids in rder t _____.
A．give an example f hw lcals make a living
B．criticize turists fr nt preserving these histrical sites
C．illustrate that famus places are nt that enjyable in reality
D．argue against what sme cuntries d with their big mnuments
8．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Expecting HlidaysB．Hlidays in Our Mind
C．Why We Lve HlidaysD．Have a Break frm Hlidays
The Ri Carnival(狂欢节)
What is it?
The Ri de Janeir carnival, held annually in the mnth f February, is a spectacular celebratin f life that attracts millins f peple nt the streets f the Brazilian city. The whle cuntry stps t watch, either in the city itself r n the televisin. It is estimated that each year 700,000 visitrs cme t watch frm all ver the wrld.
“Samba” schls
The music played thrughut the carnival prcessin is called the “samba”. Many participants belng t “samba” schls where they learn t dance and play the music which is s ppular thrughut Brazil. There are abut 30 “samba” schls with thusands f members. They perfrm fr fur entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrme”. The schls take part in an fficial cmpetitin and the best f them is awarded a prize. Each schl is assessed n its cstumes, the theme f its perfrmance and the quality f the music. Sme “samba” schls hld street parties and perfrm in their lcal areas because many peple cannt affrd t buy a ticket fr the fficial cmpetitin.
The stars f the shw
Each schl is led by a queen fllwed by hundreds f drummers and brightly decrated carnival vehicles. The Carnival Queens are the biggest stars and they are chsen frm amngst the mst beautiful wmen in each cmmunity. As well as beauty, the queen has t be very fit t lead her grup f drummers n the slw prcessin thrugh the streets f Ri.
“Blcs” parades
“Blcs” parades have becme an imprtant feature f Ri’s carnival in additin t the “samba” schls. These parades are less frmal and include grups f musicians frm the same neighbrhd wh just want t sing, dance and have a gd time. Tday, they number mre than 100 and the grups increase each year. They all dress in cstumes r T-shirts with special themes r lgs. Befre the shw they gather in a square, then parade thrugh sectins f the city, befre perfrming near t the beach. Sme f them have a particular place such as a cafe where they play and dance t attract spectatrs.
9．Which f the fllwing details illustates that the Ri de Janeir carnival is the largest shw in the wrld?
A．It is usually held at the beginning f each year.
B．The whle cuntry stps t watch its live shws n TV.
C．Mre than half a millin visitrs cme fr it every year.
D．The city streets all ver Brazil are crwded because f it.
10．What can be learned abut Samba schls?
A．They teach children t dance t the music f samba.
B．They chse samba queens frm peple n the street.
C．They cllect mney fr thse cannt affrd a ticket.
D．They usually give perfrmances at night during the carnival.
11．“Blcs” parade are different frm the samba schls in hw _________ they are.
A．ppularB．frmalC．unusualD．nisy
I fell in lve with the minister’s sn the winter I turned furteen. He was nt Chinese. When I fund ut that my parents had invited the minister’s family ver fr Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What wuld Rbert think f ur shabby Chinese Christmas? What wuld he think f ur nisy Chinese relatives wh lacked prper American manners? What terrible disappintment wuld he feel upn seeing nt a rasted turkey and sweet ptates but Chinese fd?
On Christmas Eve I saw that my mther had utdne herself in creating a strange menu. She was pulling back lines ut f the backs f fleshy prawns. The kitchen was littered with piles f raw fd: a fish with bulging eyes begging nt t be thrwn int a pan f ht il, a bwl f saking dried fungus back t life, a plate f squids whse backs were crisscrssed with knife markings s they resembled bicycle tires.
And then they arrived — the minister’s family and all my relatives. Rbert said hell, and I pretended he was nt wrthy f existence. Dinner threw me deeper int despair. My relatives licked the ends f their chpsticks and reached acrss the table, dipping them int the dzen r s plates f fd. Rbert and his family waited patiently fr plates t be passed t them. My relatives whispered with pleasure when my mther brught ut the whle steamed fish. Rbert made faces. Then my father pked his chpsticks just belw the fish eye and pulled ut the sft meat. “Amy, yur favurite,” he said, ffering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted t disappear. I remained silent fr the rest f the night.
After everyne had gne, my mther said t me, “Yu want t be the same as American girls n the utside. But inside yu must always be Chinese. Yu must be prud yu are different. Yur nly shame is t have shame.”
12．The writer felt ________ upn knwing that the minister’s family had been invited ver fr Christmas Eve dinner.
A．excitedB．wrriedC．disappintedD．cnfused
13．In the secnd paragraph, the writer described the kitchen scene in such a way as t ________.
A．paint a vivid picture f hw busy her mther was
B．explain the reasn why her mther created such a menu
C．supprt the claim that the Christmas menu was strange
D．intrduce the typical Chinese dishes served n Christmas Eve
14．What can be inferred abut the writer based n what happened during the dinner?
A．She suffered greatly during the dinner.B．She hated eating the fish cheek belw the eye.
C．She regretted nt talking mre with Rbert.D．She was picky abut the Christmas menu.
15．Why did the writer’s mther have a talk with her that night?
A．T infrm her f the cultural gap between the east and the west.
B．T share her understanding f the wrd “shame”.
C．T encurage her t becme integrated int the lcal cmmunity.
D．T urge her t be prud f her Chinese rts.
Parents, teachers and caregivers have lng suspected the magic f strytelling t calm kids. Researchers have nw quantified the bilgical and emtinal benefits f a well-tld tale.
“We knw that narrative has the pwer t transprt us t anther wrld,” says Guilherme Brckingtn frm Brazil’s Federal University. “Earlier research suggested that stries help children prcess and regulate their emtins — but this was mstly cnducted in a labratry, with subjects answering questins while lying inside functinal MRI machines. There are few studies n bilgical and psychlgical effects f strytelling in a mre cmmnplace hspital setting.”
S investigatrs wrking in several Brazilian hspitals split a ttal f 81 patients aged 4 t 11 int tw grups, matching them with strytellers wh had a decade f hspital experience. In ne grup, the stryteller led each child in playing a riddle game. In the ther, yungsters chse bks and listened as the stryteller read them alud. Befre and after these sessins, the researchers tk spit samples frm each child, then asked them t reprt their pain levels and cnducted a free-assciatin wrd quiz.
Children in bth grups benefited measurably frm the interactins; they shwed lwer levels f crtisl — the stress-related hrmne and higher levels f xytcin, which is ften described as a feel-gd hrmne. Yet kids in the strytelling grup benefited significantly mre: their crtisl levels were a quarter f thse in the riddle grup, and their xytcin levels were nearly twice as high. Thse wh heard stries als reprted pain levels drpping almst twice as much as thse in the riddle grup, and they used mre psitive wrds t describe their hspital stay.
The study demnstrates that playing games r simply interacting with smene can relax kids and imprve their utlk but that hearing stries has an especially dramatic effect. The researchers “really tried t cntrl the scial interactin cmpnent f the stryteller, which I think was the key,” says Raymnd Mar, a psychlgist at Yrk University wh was nt invlved in the new research.
Next, the investigatrs plan t study hw lng these effects last, alng with strytelling’s ptential benefits t kids with particular illnesses such as cancer. Fr nw Brckingtn says the results indicate strytelling is a lw-cst and extremely efficient way t help imprve health utcmes in a variety f settings. Mar agrees. “It’s very prmising and scalable,” he says, “and pssibly generalizable.”
16．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The effects f stry-telling n children.
B．The limitatins f the earlier research.
C．The methds used in earlier studies.
D．The majr breakthrughs achieved s far.
17．The underlined wrd “scalable” in the last paragraph is clsest in meaning t _________.
A．accessibleB．cmparableC．adjustableD．readable
18．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the study cnducted in Brazilian hspitals?
A．It measured participants’ bld levels.
B．It divided subjects int grups f 81.
C．It quantified the benefits f stry-telling.
D．It cmpared impact f tw types f stry-telling.
19．The cnclusin drawn frm the study is that ________.
A．listening t stries reduces pain and stress in hspitalized kids
B．interacting with thers imprves sick kids’ mental sharpness
C．stry telling has ptential benefits fr kids with cancers
D．riddle guessing is as effective as strytelling in helping sick kids
Mattel is hnring frntline wrkers with Barbie dlls mdeled n real-life dctrs and nurses. Amng them is a dll versin f Amy O’Sullivan. She’s a nurse at the Wyckff Heights Medical Center. That’s in Brklyn, New Yrk. O’Sullivan appeared n the cver f TIME last year. The dll has hand-painted tatts, silver hair, and clrful scks like thse O’Sullivan wears t wrk every day.
O’Sullivan was tuched by these details. “I used t get a hard time frm the administratrs abut my tatts and my hair and my pants being rlled up,” she says. “But I didn’t want t be like anyne else… I had n rle mdels when I was grwing up. This, I think, shws kids it’s kay t be different. It encurages them t be themselves.”
There are five ther dlls in the prgram. One is mdeled n Dr. Audrey Sue Cruz, frm Las Vegas, Nevada, wh fights racial prejudice against Asian-American physicians. Anther is fr Dr. Chika Stacy Oriuwa, frm Canada, wh is fighting racism in the healthcare system. Next is Sarah Gilbert, a prfessr in the United Kingdm wh helped develp a new medicatin. There’s a dll fr Dr. Jaqueline Gés de Jesus, a researcher wh led wrk arund the COVID-19 variant in Brazil. And there is Dr. Kirby White, frm Australia. She develped reusable persnal prtective equipment, r PPE, fr dctrs.
Each wman was presented with her wn ne-f-a-kind dll. The hnring dlls are nt fr sale, but Mattel annunced it will dnate $5 fr every dctr r nurse Barbie sld at Target Crpratin. Mattel launched the campaign last year t give back t cmmunities in need. “This fall, admittedly, we thught we wuld be further alng in the pandemic,” Lisa McKnight says. She’s a senir vice president at Mattel and the glbal brand manager fr Barbie. “But it is imprtant t hnr these amazing medical wrkers acrss the glbe as we cntinue t face a difficult time.”
20．Which f the fllwing is true f O’Sullivan?
A．She lves dressing up as a dll.B．She had a hard time financially.
C．She sees grwing up differently as OK.D．She tried t cver up her hand-painted tatts.
21．What d the five ther dlls have in cmmn?
A．They are mdeled n the medical wrkers frm the same cntinent.
B．They are designed in supprt f dctrs striving fr racial equality.
C．They are manufactured t hnr frntline wrkers with dctr degrees.
D．They are presented t females wh’ve cntributed t the medical field.
22．It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that ____________.
A．Mattel is prbably the name f a frntline medical wrker
B．China’s utstanding dctrs may receive dlls mdeled n them
C．yu can get the hnring dlls fr free as lng as yu dnate $5
D．cmmunities in need have made a great cntributin t the campaign
23．What is prbably the best title f the passage?
A．TIME’s Persn f the YearB．Thank Yu Everyday Heres
C．Barbie dlls make a cmebackD．Mattel Hnrs Frntline Wrkers
If yu knw smene with brderline persnality disrder (BPD), yu’re aware f hw quickly they can step up frm mild annyance t utbursts f anger. Hwever, Snya Varma, a prfessr frm Yrk University, wndered, d peple with BPD have prblems in all aspects f this prcess? Culd they have an as-yet-undiscvered set f emtinal strengths?
Accrding t new research by Varma and her clleagues, emtin regulatin invlves bth the internal reactins f the bdy and the cnscius effrts peple make t label thse bdily feelings. This labeling prcess, they maintain, culd make all the difference when it cmes t settling back dwn and putting the mind back at rest.
T tease apart these features f emtin regulatin, Varma designed an experimental situatin in which they put participants int an “emtin inductin (引导)” treatment. Participants read a stry that was intended t cause a negative emtin such as a hit-and-run car accident r the death f yur dg. The sample included 29 participants with diagnsed BPD wh were age- and sex-matched with healthy cntrls, and they ranged in age frm 18 t 60. T examine the effect f labeling, Varma asked their participants t type their current emtinal states int a cmputer, chsing frm a set they saw n the screen. They culd use the same wrd multiple times if they wished.
If indeed peple with BPD have difficulty labeling their emtins, then this fault shuld have been reflected in their ability t return t baseline (起点) after the negative emtin inductin. Hwever, the findings surprisingly ran cunter t the research team’s expectatins: Peple with BPD were equal t the cntrl participants in the negativity f their expressed emtin, the intensity f that emtin, and even the wrds they used t describe their emtins. Althugh using a wider range f wrds fllwing the emtin inductin helped t bring abut greater physilgical cntrl fr all participants, there were n differences between grups in this effect.
Given its rle in helping restre physilgical peace, it appears that regardless f whether smene has BPD r nt, it can be beneficial t learn t label yur emtins. When yu’re starting dwn the pathway f experiencing a negative emtin, yu can benefit by applying an accurate label t that emtin as ppsed t hlding it back r calling it smething else. This can ptentially prevent engagement in destructive behavirs that may functin t dwnregulate emtin such as self-harm.
T sum up, this new infrmatin abut BPD can ffer hpe that at least ne key element f the emtin regulatin prcess appears t functin effectively. Building n this strength culd very well prvide a new and unexplred pathway fr their satisfactin.
24．Accrding t paragraph 1 and 2, peple with BPD _________.
A．may be gd at labeling bdily feelings
B．may lse their temper easily and suddenly
C．encunter prblems in every aspect f their life
D．have emtinal strengths like emtin regulatin
25．The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is clsest in meaning t _________.
A．identifyB．cmbineC．emphasizeD．dminate
26．What can be inferred frm Varma’s experiment?
A．Negative emtins affect the ability t reflect.
B．Healthy cntrls excel at regulating their mental state.
C．Rich expressins cntribute t psychlgical stability.
D．Peple with BPD met the research team’s expectatins.
27．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A new pathway f regulating emtins.
B．A methd f cnsciusly labeling emtins.
C．An unexpected strength f peple with BPD．
D．An invluntary reactin t peple with BPD．
参考答案
1．C
2．A
3．C
4．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍自动化和就业。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A cllege educatin helps prtect wrkers frm autmatin, enabling them t develp the kind f skills, judgment, and prblem-slving abilities that rbts can't match. Yet nearly 80 percent f wrkers in fd preparatin and service-related ccupatins have a high-schl diplma r less, accrding t the Bureau f Labr Statistics.( 大学教育有助于保护工人不受自动化的影响，使他们能够发展机器人无法比拟的技能、判断力和解决问题的能力。然而，据劳工统计局的数据，近80%的食品制备和服务相关职业的工人拥有高中文凭或更少。)”可推断出，有近80%的食品制备和服务相关职业的工人拥有高中文凭或更少，这些岗位所涉及的低文凭的人员比例大，他们的教育或许不会阻止他们被机器人取代。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Starbucks custmers wh use the chain's app return mre frequently than thse wh dn’t, and the greater efficiency that nline rdering allws has increased sales at busy stres during peak hurs. Starbucks emplyed 8 percent mre peple in the U.S. in 2016 than it did in 2015, the year it launched the app.( 使用该连锁应用的星巴克顾客比不使用该应用的顾客返回频率更高，在线订购的更高效率提高了繁忙商店在高峰时间的销售额。2016年，星巴克在美国的员工数量比2015年增加了8%。2015年星巴克推出了该应用程序。)”可知，自动化提高了就业率。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Of curse, whether autmatin is a net psitive fr wrkers in restaurants, and nt just a cmpetitive advantage fr ne chain ver anther (mre business fr machine-enabled Panera, less fr the Luddites at the lcal deli), will depend n whether an imprved custmer experience makes Americans mre likely t dine ut, rather than brwn-bagging it.(当然，自动化是否对餐厅员工有净好处，而不仅仅是一家连锁店相对于另一家连锁酒店的竞争优势（机器驱动的Panera的生意更多，当地熟食店的Luddites的生意更少），将取决于顾客体验的改善是否使美国人更有可能外出就餐，而不是将其打包。)”可推知，Luddites的生意比不过Panera主要是因为它没有试图改善客户体验。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“James Bessen, an ecnmist at Bstn University Schl f Law, fund that as the number f ATMs in America increased fivefld frm 1990 t 2010, the number f bank tellers(出纳员)als grew. Bessen believes that ATMs drve demand fr cnsumer banking: N lnger restricted by a branch's limited hurs, cnsumers used banking services mre frequently, and peple wh were unbanked pened accunts t take advantage f the new technlgy. (波士顿大学法学院经济学家James Bessen发现，从1990年到2010年，随着美国自动柜员机的数量增加了五倍，银行出纳员的数量也随之增加。Bessen认为，自动取款机推动了消费者银行业务的需求：不再受分行有限时间的限制，消费者更频繁地使用银行服务，没有银行账户的人开设账户以利用新技术。)”可推知，提款机的故事是为了表明自动化不仅没有让员工事业，还促进了就业。故选B。
5．A
6．D
7．C
8．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述的是作者一如既往的坚持往年的假期计划安排，即总体上来说是待在家里。之所以这样的安排主要由于两方面的原因，一方面是在旅途的过程中耗费的时间太多，有诸多不快，另一方面是一些著名的景点并不是真的那么令人愉快。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While many f ur friends are n hliday in freign places this summer, ur family will be staying at hme t get away frm it all, as we have dne fr the last five years. (今年夏天，我们的许多朋友都去国外度假了，而我们一家将呆在家里，远离这一切，就像我们过去五年做的那样。)”以及“On the whle, thugh, we dn’t bther ging much beynd ur lcal area. (不过，总的来说，我们不太想去我们当地以外的地方。)”可知，作者一家仍会保持前几年的传统，即在假期期间总体上是待在家里。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Yu dn’t have any f the incnveniences and annyances which are s ften assciated with travelling.( 你没有任何旅行中经常出现的不便和烦恼。)”以及“All these wuld inevitably wind me up, which in turn wuld lead t a quarrel where I wuld cmplain abut hw ungrateful they were, and hw anyne else wuld leap at the chance t see the places we were taking them, and then I’d threaten them that next time we’d just stay at hme!( 所有这些都不可避免地会让我生气，反过来又会导致争吵，我会抱怨他们是多么不领情，其他人会欣然接受去看我们带他们去的地方，然后我威胁他们，下次我们就呆在家里!)”可知，导致作者最生气的是，在旅行的过程中为孩子们做好了行程安排去不被领情。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even the really big mnuments, which are genuinely impressive, didn’t mve me in the way I expected. Take the Pyramids.(即使是那些真正令人印象深刻的大型纪念碑，也没有像我预期的那样打动我。以金字塔为例)”可知，作者以埃及金字塔为例说明的是著名的地方并不是那么令人愉快的现实。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。总览全文，文章主要讲述的是作者一如既往的坚持往年的假期计划安排，即总体上来说是待在家里。之所以这样的安排主要由于两方面的原因，一方面是在旅途的过程中耗费的时间太多，另一方面是一些著名的景点并不是真的那么令人愉快。所以作者针对假期旅游的建议是待在家里休息。故D选项“远离假期休息一下”符合文章的主旨，适合文章的标题。故选D。
9．C
10．D
11．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了里约热内卢的狂欢节的情况。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is estimated that each year 700,000 visitrs cme t watch frm all ver the wrld.(据估计，每年有70万来自世界各地的游客前来观看)”可知，C选项“每年有超过50万的游客来参观”说明了里约热内卢de Janeir狂欢节是世界上最大的表演。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They perfrm fr fur entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrme”. (他们在一个被称为“桑巴罗马”的大地方表演了整整四个晚上)”可知，他们通常在狂欢节的晚上表演。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“These parades are less frmal and include grups f musicians frm the same neighbrhd wh just want t sing, dance and have a gd time.(这些游行不那么正式，有来自同一社区的音乐家团体，他们只是想唱歌、跳舞，享受美好时光)”可知，“Blcs”游行在正式程度上不同于桑巴舞学校。故选B。
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十四岁那年的冬天，爱上了牧师的儿子。结果父母邀请了牧师一家来吃平安夜晚餐，作者为自己的亲戚在晚餐时的表现感到羞耻，最后母亲和作者谈话，鼓励作者为自己身为中国人感到骄傲。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I fund ut that my parents had invited the minister’s family ver fr Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What wuld Rbert think f ur shabby Chinese Christmas? What wuld he think f ur nisy Chinese relatives wh lacked prper American manners? What terrible disappintment wuld he feel upn seeing nt a rasted turkey and sweet ptates but Chinese fd?(当我发现我的父母邀请牧师一家来吃平安夜晚餐时，我哭了。罗伯特会怎么看我们简陋的中国式圣诞节呢？他会怎么看我们那些吵闹而又缺乏美国礼仪的中国亲戚呢？如果他看到的不是烤火鸡和红薯，而是中国菜，他会感到多么可怕的失望？)”可推知，得知牧师一家被邀请来吃平安夜晚餐，作者感到很担心。故选B。
13．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“On Christmas Eve I saw that my mther had utdne herself in creating a strange menu.(在圣诞节前夕，我发现母亲超出了自己的能力，做了一份奇怪的菜单)”可推知，在第二段中，作者以这样一种方式描述了厨房的场景，以支持圣诞菜单很奇怪的说法。故选C。
14．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I wanted t disappear. I remained silent fr the rest f the night.(我想消失。那天晚上剩下的时间，我一言不发)”可推知，晚餐期间，作者吃饭时很痛苦。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Yu must be prud yu are different. Yur nly shame is t have shame.(你一定为自己的与众不同而自豪。你唯一的羞耻就是有羞耻)”可知，作家的母亲那天晚上和她谈话是为了鼓励她为自己的中国根感到骄傲。故选D。
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员现在已经量化了一个讲得好的故事在生理和情感上的好处。
16．
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Earlier research suggested that stries help children prcess and regulate their emtins — but this was mstly cnducted in a labratry, with subjects answering questins while lying inside functinal MRI machines. There are few studies n bilgical and psychlgical effects f strytelling in a mre cmmnplace hspital setting.(早些时候的研究表明，故事有助于儿童处理和调节他们的情绪——但这主要是在实验室中进行的，受试者躺在功能性核磁共振成像仪里回答问题。很少有关于在更常见的医院环境中讲故事对生物和心理影响的研究。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是早期研究的局限性。故选B。
17．
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“the results indicate strytelling is a lw-cst and extremely efficient way t help imprve health utcmes in a variety f settings(研究结果表明，讲故事是一种低成本且极其有效的方法，可以帮助改善各种环境下的健康状况)”可知，这种方法是可行的，可使用的，scalable和accessible(可使用的)意思相近，故选A。
18．
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Children in bth grups benefited measurably frm the interactins; they shwed lwer levels f crtisl — the stress-related hrmne and higher levels f xytcin, which is ften described as a feel-gd hrmne. Yet kids in the strytelling grup benefited significantly mre: their crtisl levels were a quarter f thse in the riddle grup, and their xytcin levels were nearly twice as high.(两组儿童都从互动中获益；他们的皮质醇（一种与压力相关的激素）水平较低，而催产素（一种常被描述为让人感觉良好的激素）水平较高。然而，讲故事组的孩子明显受益更多：他们的皮质醇水平是谜语组的四分之一，催产素水平几乎是谜语组的两倍。)”可知，巴西医院进行的研究量化了讲故事的好处。故选C。
19．
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thse wh heard stries als reprted pain levels drpping almst twice as much as thse in the riddle grup, and they used mre psitive wrds t describe their hspital stay.(那些听故事的人报告的疼痛水平下降幅度几乎是听谜语的人的两倍，而且他们使用了更积极的词汇来描述他们的住院情况。)”和倒数第二段的“The study demnstrates that playing games r simply interacting with smene can relax kids and imprve their utlk but that hearing stries has an especially dramatic effect.(该研究表明，玩游戏或与人互动可以让孩子放松，改善他们的人生观，但听故事的效果尤其显著。)”可知，这项研究得出的结论是听故事可以减轻住院儿童的痛苦和压力，故选A。
20．C
21．D
22．B
23．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。美泰公司以现实生活中的医生和护士为原型，用芭比娃娃来纪念一线工作人员。文章介绍了工作人员收到娃娃时的感受和对这一做法的看法。
20．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But I didn’t want t be like anyne else… I had n rle mdels when I was grwing up. This, I think, shws kids it’s kay t be different. It encurages them t be themselves.(但我不想和其他人一样……在我成长的过程中，我没有榜样。我认为，这告诉孩子们，与众不同是可以的。这鼓励他们做自己)”可知，C选项“她以不同的方式看待成长”正确。故选C。
21．
细节理解题。根据第三段“There are five ther dlls in the prgram. One is mdeled n Dr. Audrey Sue Cruz, frm Las Vegas, Nevada, wh fights racial prejudice against Asian-American physicians. Anther is fr Dr. Chika Stacy Oriuwa, frm Canada, wh is fighting racism in the healthcare system. Next is Sarah Gilbert, a prfessr in the United Kingdm wh helped develp a new medicatin. There’s a dll fr Dr. Jaqueline Gés de Jesus, a researcher wh led wrk arund the COVID-19 variant in Brazil. And there is Dr. Kirby White, frm Australia. She develped reusable persnal prtective equipment, r PPE, fr dctrs.(该计划中还有五个娃娃。一个是以来自内华达州拉斯维加斯的奥黛丽-苏-克鲁兹医生为模型，她与针对亚裔美国医生的种族偏见作斗争。另一个是来自加拿大的奇卡-斯泰西-奥瑞瓦医生，她正在与医疗保健系统中的种族主义作斗争。接下来是萨拉-吉尔伯特，她是英国的一位教授，帮助开发了一种新的药物。还有一个娃娃是贾奎琳-戈埃斯-德-热苏斯博士，她是一位在巴西领导围绕COVID-19变体工作的研究人员。还有来自澳大利亚的柯比-怀特博士。她为医生开发了可重复使用的个人防护设备，即PPE)”可知，其他五个娃娃的共同点是它们被提供给对医学领域有贡献的女性。故选D。
22．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Each wman was presented with her wn ne-f-a-kind dll. The hnring dlls are nt fr sale, but Mattel annunced it will dnate $5 fr every dctr r nurse Barbie sld at Target Crpratin. Mattel launched the campaign last year t give back t cmmunities in need.(每位女士都得到了独一无二的洋娃娃。这些纪念芭比娃娃并不出售，但美泰公司宣布，在塔吉特公司每卖出一个医生或护士芭比娃娃，就会捐赠5美元。美泰去年发起了这项活动，以回馈有需要的社区)”以及“But it is imprtant t hnr these amazing medical wrkers acrss the glbe as we cntinue t face a difficult time.(但在我们继续面临困难的时候，向全球这些了不起的医务工作者致敬很重要)”可推知，中国的优秀医生可能会收到以他们为原型的玩偶。故选B。
23．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Mattel is hnring frntline wrkers with Barbie dlls mdeled n real-life dctrs and nurses. Amng them is a dll versin f Amy O’Sullivan.(美泰公司以现实生活中的医生和护士为原型，用芭比娃娃来纪念一线工作人员)”结合文章介绍了工作人员收到娃娃时的感受和对这一做法的看法。可知，D选项“美泰致敬一线工作者”最符合文章标题。故选D。
24．B
25．A
26．C
27．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述患有边缘性人格障碍的人令人意想不到的一个优势。
24．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“If yu knw smene with brderline persnality disrder (BPD), yu’re aware f hw quickly they can step up frm mild annyance t utbursts f anger.(如果你认识一个患有边缘性人格障碍（BPD）的人，你会意识到他们从轻微的烦恼到爆发愤怒的速度有多快)”可知，患有BPD的人可能容易突然发脾气。故选B项。
25．
短语猜测题。结合划线部分后“Varma designed an experimental situatin in which they put participants int an ‘emtin inductin (引导)’ treatment(Varma设计了一个实验情境，让参与者接受‘情绪引导’治疗)”及下一段中提到的试验结果“Peple with BPD were equal t the cntrl participants in the negativity f their expressed emtin, the intensity f that emtin, and even the wrds they used t describe their emtins.(BPD患者表达情绪的消极程度，情绪的强度，甚至他们用来描述自己情绪的词汇，都与对照组的参与者相同)”可推知，Varma的试验目的是梳理情绪调节的特征，tease apart意为“梳理，确认”，故选A项。
26．
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Althugh using a wider range f wrds fllwing the emtin inductin helped t bring abut greater physilgical cntrl fr all participants, there were n differences between grups in this effect.(尽管在情绪引导之后使用更广泛的词汇有助于所有参与者获得更强的生理控制能力，但在这种效果上，各组之间没有差异)”可知，丰富的表达有助于心理稳定。故选C项。
27．
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段首句“Given its rle in helping restre physilgical peace, it appears that regardless f whether smene has BPD r nt, it can be beneficial t learn t label yur emtins.(考虑到BPD在帮助恢复生理平静方面的作用，似乎不管一个人是否患有BPD，学会给自己的情绪贴上标签都是有益的)”及最后一段中“T sum up, this new infrmatin abut BPD can ffer hpe that at least ne key element f the emtin regulatin prcess appears t functin effectively. Building n this strength culd very well prvide a new and unexplred pathway fr their satisfactin.(综上所述，BPD的新信息可以提供希望，情绪调节过程中至少有一个关键因素有效发挥作用。建立在这一优势的基础上，可以很好地为他们的满意度提供一条新的、未被探索的途径)”可知，文章主要讲述患有边缘性人格障碍的人令人意想不到的一个优势。故选C项。