专题06 动词 -趣学初中英语语法精美课件（全国通用）

这是一份专题06 动词 -趣学初中英语语法精美课件（全国通用），共29页。PPT课件主要包含了什么是动词， 情态动词，行为实义动词，系动词，助动词，辨别及物和不及物动词，2分类，be 动词，实义动词，Test time等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Hrses run fast .
He is eating a drumstick(鸡腿).
一、定义 表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。
二、分类 动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：
1．行为(实义)动词　(1)定义：实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。
按其持续性可分为：延续性动词和非延续性动词 。
(2)分类：根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可细分为： 及物动词 vt. 不及物动词 vi.
I like this bk very much.Listen t the teacher carefully.He turned ff the light when he left.We call the bird Plly.Please pass me the salt.She picked it up and gave it t me.He devted his lifetime t the career.
We study English.We study hard.
有动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词吗？
Birds can fly.Lk ! He is flying a kite ver there.
Shall I begin at nce?She began wrking as a librarian last year.
They left last week.When did they leave Chicag?
(1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。I learn English every day.(English是learn的宾语)
(2)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语。We arrived at Lndn at nn.
(3)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它的作用相当于一个及物动词。pay attentin t,g n with,turn
(4)及物动词可以跟 “双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语)，也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。Peple give me their mney.In England，peple usually call me Jim fr shrt.I fund a small by cry in the crner yesterday.
注：①带省略t的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，ntice，hear等。②带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, ffer, pass, teach, tell, write, read，return等。
(1)定义：系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
She is very yung.The sng sunds very beautiful.Jack always keeps his rn clean and tidy.The grass turns green in spring.
feel, smell, sund, taste
becme, grw, turn, get, g, cme,
keep, rest, remain, stay
seem, appear, lk
3．助动词定义：助动词(v.aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。
He is eating a drumstick.
1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were) (1).be+现在分词,构成进行时； We are playing basketball. (2).be+过去分词,构成被动语态。 The bk was written by Lu Xun.
2.助动词have/has/had+动词过去分词，构成完成时。 I have learned English fr eight years.
3.助动词d/des/did用于构成疑问、否定、倒装句，加强语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。 D yu live in China? —Yes,I d. He didn't play ftball yesterday. Only then did I realize I was wrng.
4.助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。(shall仅用于第一人称) He asks me when we will leave.
4．情态动词情态动词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等，如“可能”、“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有：can/culd，may/might，must，need，dare，will/wuld，shall/shuld等。
(1)can的用法：①表示能力，意为“能、会”；②表示推测，意为“可能”；③表示请求允许，意为“可以”。以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和can't。He can lk after himself.
(2)may 的用法：①表示请求、许可，意为“可以”；②表示猜测，意为“可能、也许”等。can与may均可用来征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用；③以may开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答应用may，而其否定回答则多用mustn't，而不用may nt。
(3)must的用法：①表示“必须、应该”；②表示推测，“一定”。must表推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can，否定句中也用may。否定句中，mustn't表示禁止，意为“不允许”；③以must开头的疑问句，否定回答则常用needn't，needn't表示“不需要、不必”，相当于dn't have t。Yu must tell yur reasn.
(4)need的用法：need 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。
need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。而need作实义动词时，有人称、数的变化，后接带t的不定式。Yu needn't cme t the meeting this afternn if yu have smething imprtant t d.Des she need t cme?
注：①比较can和be able t两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有现在式can和过去式culd两种形式，其他时态要用be able t来表示。另外，be able t常常有做成了某件事的意味。
②must和can'tmust用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, culdn't表示。 如：He must be wrking in his ffice. Mike can't have fund his car, fr he came t wrk by bus this mrning.
1. Mr Wang ____ be in Nanjing nw, he went t Beijing nly this mrning.A. mustn’t B. may nt C. can’t D. needn’t2. -Must I stay at hme, Mum? --N, yu ______.A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. dn’t D. may nt3. -May I g t the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But yu _____ be back by 11 ’clck.A. can B. may C. must D. need4. T make ur city mre beautiful, rubbish ______ int the river.A. needn’t be thrwnB. mustn’t be thrwnC. can’t thrw D. may nt thrw
短语动词常用的构成方式：1．动词＋副词可用作及物或不及物动词。如：ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词)，lk ut“小心”(用作不及物动词)。
宾语如果是代词，必须放在副词和动词之间。Please put n yur cat.Let's think it ver.
2．动词＋介词无论宾语是名词还是代词，都应放在介词之后。Yu'll lk after her at hme.I'm lking fr my MP4.
3．动词＋副词＋介词如：d away with“去掉”，g back t“回到(某处)去”。此种结构中，宾语要放在介词之后。The by gets n well with his classmates.
4．动词＋名词＋介词如：take care f“照顾”，make use f“利用”。此种结构中，宾语放在介词之后。We'll take part in the meeting tmrrw.注：有些“动词＋副词”结构和“动词＋介词”结构相当于一个及物动词。g by＝pass经过　keep n＝cntinue继续call n＝visit拜访　ring up＝telephne打电话set ut＝start开始　care fr＝like喜欢
5．be＋形容词＋介词形容词包括起形容词作用的分词，这类短语动词也相当于及物动词。如：be ready fr“为……做好准备”，be fnd f“喜欢”，be afraid f“害怕”。We are gd at swimming.She is satisfied with what I did.
1. Must we clean ur classrm nw? —N,yu ______.A. mustn’t B. can’t C. dn’t D. needn’t2. I wuld like _______ yur ten – speed bicycle.A. t see B. seeing C. see D. saw3. I’ll lend yu my dictinary, but yu can nly______ it fr ne day.A. lend B. brrw C. have D. keep4.________carefully and try t _______ what he says.A. Listen t, hear B. Listen, listen C. Hear, listen t D. Listen, hear5. This kind f wine is made ______ wheat.A. f B. frm C. in D. int
6. We _______Nanjing n Tuesday mrning.A. gt B. arrived at C. reach D. reached7. They ______the sick man t hspital at nce.A. brught B. gt C. carried D. tk8. Can yu ______it in English?A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk9. The watch _______me tw hundred yuan.A. spent B. paid C. cst D. csted10. It takes me 30 minutes_______t schl by bike. A. ging B. t g C. n ging D. g